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## Five Types of Gross Untruth
**Verse 54:** Speaking, becoming mute, developing a disease in the mouth, or the growth of a second tongue, are all the results of speaking untruth. Seeing this, and knowing the nature of untruth through scriptural knowledge, a Shravak should renounce gross untruth. It is also said: One who speaks untruthful words becomes mute, dull-witted, disabled, stammering, or has a voice that is unpleasant to hear. Such a person has a foul smell emanating from their mouth. ||53||
**Verse 54:** This explains the nature of gross untruth in relation to daughters, cows, and land. ||110||
**Verse 54:** Untruth related to daughters, cows, land, deposited or pledged items, and false witness, these five are called gross untruths. ||54||
**Explanation:**
1. **Untruth related to daughters:** Speaking untruth about a daughter in terms of substance, place, time, and feeling. For example, calling a good daughter bad, or a bad daughter good, or stating that a daughter from one country or province is from another, or stating that a young daughter is older, or an older daughter is younger. Similarly, stating that a daughter with certain qualities and abilities is flawed or incapable, or stating that a daughter with certain flaws or incapabilities is virtuous and capable. The word "daughter" should be understood to include all bipedal humans, such as boys, young men, and elders, through implication.
2. **Untruth related to cows:** Speaking untruth about a cow in terms of substance, place, time, and feeling. For example, stating that a thin, weak, and sickly cow is healthy, strong, and well-built, or stating that a Marwari cow is a Gujarati cow, or that a Gujarati cow is from Marwar. Stating that an older, aged, or repeatedly bred cow is young, youthful, and has been bred only once or twice, or stating the opposite. Stating that a cow that gives little milk gives a lot of milk, or stating the opposite. Stating that a virtuous or docile cow is flawed or prone to death, or stating that a flawed or prone-to-death cow is docile and virtuous. The word "cow" should be understood to include all four-legged animals, through implication.
3. **Untruth related to land:** Untruth related to land should also be understood as four types, in terms of substance, place, time, and feeling. For example, calling one's own land someone else's, or calling someone else's land one's own. Calling fertile land barren, or barren land fertile. Stating that land from one place is from another place. Stating that land that has been cultivated for a long time or is authorized is cultivated for a short time or unauthorized. Calling good land bad, or bad land good. Hiding the feeling of taking or not taking something related to land. The word "land" should be understood to include all things that grow on land, or money, wealth, property, houses, etc., through implication.
Someone might question why, instead of stating that untruth related to all bipedal or quadrupedal beings, or all inanimate objects, is gross untruth, only untruth spoken in relation to daughters, cows, or land is mentioned. The answer is that in common practice, there are very sacred ideas about daughters, cows, and land. In Indian culture, a daughter (virgin) is considered sacred because she is considered to be unchanging. Cows and the earth are considered "mothers." Therefore, speaking untruth about these three, which are accepted by the people, is considered highly reprehensible. Therefore, bipedal beings;