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## Translation:
**58**
There is no **pindiya-niyukti** (application of the principle of **pindiya**). The reason for this is that even though a tree is **adhakarmic** (subject to the rules of **adhakarmic** conduct), its shade is not **adhakarmic** because the shade is caused by the sun, not just the tree. Just as a gardener cultivates a tree, the shade is not cultivated by him. The argument of the **niyuktikara** (one who applies the principle) is that if the shade of a tree is considered **adhakarmic** and its use is prohibited, then it would be permissible to sit under the tree when the sky is overcast and the tree's shade disappears. Another point is that the shade of a tree touches many houses and food, which would make those houses and food contaminated with **puti-dosha** (impurity). The shade is naturally caused by the sun, therefore it is not **adhakarmic**. If there are sentient particles scattered under the tree, then that place is **puti** (impure) and it is forbidden for a **sadhu** (Jain monk) to sit there.
**Roles in the Acceptance of Adhakarmic Conduct**
There are four roles in the acceptance of **adhakarmic** food that lead to the accumulation of **dosha** (negative karma). A monk who accepts **adhakarmic** food and consumes it incurs all four **doshas**: **atikram** (transgression), **vyatikram** (deviation), **aticar** (excess), and **anacar** (immorality). Accepting the invitation for **adhakarmic** food and seeking permission from the **guru** (spiritual teacher) is **atikram**. Lifting one's feet to reach the householder's house to bring the food is **vyatikram**. Accepting the **adhakarmic** food into the bowl is **aticar**, and swallowing it is **anacar**.
The first three roles do not break the **vrat** (vow), but the **anacar** role destroys the **vrat**. The ability to return to the original state is weakened. For example, in the **nupuraharica** (anklet-wearing woman) analogy, even though the elephant on the mountain peak with a broken tusk lifted three of its legs into the air, it still returned to the earth. But when all four legs were lifted, its destruction was certain. According to the **vyavahar-bhashya** (commentary on practical matters), the **pratyashchit** (atonement) for **atikram**, **vyatikram**, and **aticar** is **guru-mas** (one month of **ekasan** - sitting in one place), and for **anacar** it is **char-guru** (four months of fasting).
**The Doshas of Accepting Adhakarmic Food**
The **heyata** (undesirability) of **adhakarmic** food is described in many texts. Acharya Malayagiri says that just as a thousandth person is also killed by the effect of a thousand-fold poison, similarly, even a single bite of **adhakarmic** food can lead to death. In that situation, it would not be considered **anacar**. Some **acharyas** (teachers) consider placing **adhakarmic** food in the mouth to be **anacar**, but in this case, it is still possible to return to the original state. In this context, the **Jitatkalpa-bhashyakara** (commentator on the **Jitatkalpa** text) has argued that the act of placing food in the mouth allows the **sadhu** to return to the original state. He can spit out the food into the **shleeshmapaatra** (spittle pot).