Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## 57. Pinḍaniyukti: A Discussion of Observation
This discussion reveals the profound depth of the ancient Acharyas' analysis of this topic. Based on "kṛta" and "niṣṭhita," the four-fold classification is as follows:
* **Kṛta** for the ascetic, **niṣṭhita** for the ascetic.
* **Kṛta** for the ascetic, **niṣṭhita** for the householder.
* **Kṛta** for the householder, **niṣṭhita** for the ascetic.
* **Kṛta** for the householder, **niṣṭhita** for the householder.
The second and fourth categories in this four-fold classification are pure, and the ascetic can consume food from them. The first and third categories are impure, and it is inconceivable for the ascetic to consume food from them.
The nature of "kṛta" and "niṣṭhita" manifests in various forms. Generally, what is cooked or prepared is "niṣṭhita," and all actions prior to that are "kṛta." Another interpretation of "kṛta" and "niṣṭhita" is that from sowing to the second boiling is "kṛta," and the third boiling is "niṣṭhita."
The Jītakalpabhāṣya elaborates on these four categories. If someone sows grain for the ascetic, boils it three times, and cooks it for them, the Tirthankaras consider it a double "ādhākarma." The first "ādhākarma" is "kṛta" in form, and the second "ādhākarma" is "niṣṭhita" in the form of cooked rice. In this context, the commentator mentions the Vṛddhasampradāya, stating that if the rice is boiled once or twice for the ascetic, and the householder boils it a third time for themselves and appropriates it for their own use, then that rice is still permissible for the ascetic. The commentator also presents several other options in this context.
Regarding the "khādim," the author mentions a specific belief. Some Acharyas believe that even the shade of a tree grown for the ascetic should be avoided. In this context, the Niyuktikāra states that if the householder appropriates the fruits of a tree grown for the ascetic while picking them, then those fruits are still permissible for the ascetic, so why should the shade be avoided?
1. Jībhā 1157.
2. Mavṛ P. 66; There, from sowing to the second boiling is "kṛta," and the third boiling is "niṣṭhita."
3. Jībhā 1158.
4. Pini 80, Mavṛ P. 65.
5. Mavṛ P. 65, 66.
**Notes:**
* "Kṛta" refers to actions performed with the intention of benefiting an ascetic.
* "Niṣṭhita" refers to the final product or result of those actions.
* "Ādhākarma" refers to actions that create karmic consequences.
* "Khādim" refers to a type of tree that is considered auspicious for ascetics.
* "Vṛddhasampradāya" refers to an ancient tradition or school of thought.
* "Niyuktikāra" refers to the author of the Niyukti, a commentary on the Jītakalpabhāṣya.