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## Pinḍaniryukti: An Observation
One who does not abandon the non-eshanīya (non-permissible) food, even though he knows it is non-permissible, becomes like fire, consuming everything and accumulating sinful karma. He dies and attains a lower rebirth. According to Chūrṇikār Jinadās, if a monk does not get enough eshanīya food, he should reduce his intake and eat only one mouthful, but he should not consume non-eshanīya food.
In the Pañcāśak Prakaraṇa, three synonyms for eshanā are found: gaveshanā, anveshanā, and grahana. The meaning of eshanā is to be careful in the search, acquisition, and consumption of food. It has three divisions: gaveshanā, grahaneshanā, and paribhogeshanā.
Gaveshanā includes 16-16 faults related to origin and production, grahaneshanā includes 10 faults like doubt, and paribhogeshanā includes five faults like combination. Counting all these faults, there are 47 faults in bhikṣācārya, but the texts usually mention only 46 faults of bhikṣā. Explaining this, the commentators say that the 16 faults of origin include the inclusion of adhyavapūraka in miśrajāta, thus reducing the faults of origin to 15. This makes the faults of bhikṣācārya 46. If the five faults of paribhogeshanā are not included, there are only 41 faults of bhikṣā. According to Ācārya Kundakunda, a monk who eats food with 46 faults with an impure mind falls into the state of a lower being and suffers great pain. Chūrṇikār Jinadās has included only the 10 faults of grahaneshanā, like doubt, in the word eshanā. The Uttarādhyayana instructs on the purity of all three types of eshanā. According to the Daśavaikalika Niyukti, the description of all three types of eshanā is quoted from the Karmapravāda. The greatness of Pinḍaniryukti can be understood from the fact that a whole independent text has been written on the method of bhikṣā alone. In the first verse of Pinḍaniryukti, eshanā and paribhogeshanā are included in the eight-fold Pinḍaniryukti. The same thing is included in the eight-fold Pinḍavishuddhi in the Mūlācāra: 1. Udgaman 2. Utpādan 3. Eshanā 4. Sanyojana 5. Pramāṇa 6. Ingāla 7. Dhūma 8. Kārana.
10 Udgaman Faults
The faults or mistakes that arise from the giver while cooking or giving food are called Udgaman ṣoḍaśa utpādanadoṣā, daśa eshanādoṣāḥ sanyojanaādīnāṁ ca pañcakamiti.
1. U20/47.
2. Nichū Bhā. 1 p. 145; Jati na labhati paḍipuṇṇamāhārō
To eguṇe bhuñjau, evam egahāṇīe jāv egalambanaṁ bhuñjar, māy asi bhuñj.
3. Pañcā 13/25; Eṣaṇa gavesaṇaṇṇeshanā ya gahaṇaṁ ca hoti egaṭṭhā.
4. U 24/11.
5. Pini 315, Mavṛ P. 176; Tadevaṁ bhojanavidhau sarvasaṅkhyayā ṣaṭcaṭvāriṁśaddoṣā boddhavyaḥ, tadyathā - pañcadaśa udgamanadoṣāḥ, adhyavapūrakasya miśrajāte'ntarbhavavivakṣaṇāt,
47
6. Bhāpā 101;
7.
Chāyāladoṣa dusiyamasaṇaṁ gasiuṁ asuddhabhāveṇa. Patto si mahāvasaṇaṁ, tiriyagaīe aṇappavaso. Daśajichūpṛ. 67; Eshanāgahaṇeṇa dasaeshanādoṣaparisuddhaṁ geṇhati. U 24/11, 12.
8.
9.
Daśani 15; Kammappavāyapuvvā piṇḍassā tu eshanā tividhā.
10. Mūlā 421.