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Appendix-7
Nirukta
Nirukta means - to explain the meaning of a word by deriving its etymology. From this perspective, Yaska's Nirukta is an important text. In Jain Agamas, ancient texts like Bhagavati and Sutra Kritanga also contain Niruktas of words. This suggests that it was a brief ancient method of interpretation. Nirukta helps in knowing the original meaning and nature of the word.
Many Niruktas have been used in the entire Nirukta literature, such as the Nirukta of Kama - 'Ukkamayanti Jeevam Dhammao Ten Te Kama'. Similarly, in Aavashyak Niyukti, a beautiful Nirukta of the word 'Micchami Dukkadam' has been given based on its etymology. Such Niruktas are not found in other literature. Although the rules of grammar have not been taken into account in this, it is a beautiful example from the perspective of Nirukta and meaning.
Micchami Dukkadam
Mi tti Miumaddavatte, Ch tti Ya Dosana Chhayane Hoti. Mi tti Ya Meraya Thio, Du tti Duguchami Appaanam. Ka tti Kadam Me Pavam, Da tti Ya Devemi Tam Uvasamenam.
Eso Micchadukkadapayakkharattho Samaasenam. (Aavani 436/21, 22) - In this, the etymology of each letter has been given, some by words and some by roots. We find many such important Niruktas in Nirukta literature. Here only the Niruktas found in Pind Niyukti and its commentary have been mentioned. Although Pind Niyukti is not rich in terms of Niruktas, some important Niruktas are found.
Atmakarma-Parakarma Atmakarma Kriyate Ityatmakarma.
(Mavri P. 50) Atmaj - • Killing Pranadi etc. regularly, killing oneself in the form of feet etc., 'Panivhe Vayabhango' etc. from the words, therefore Adhakarma is called Atmaghna.
(Mavri P. 52) • Killing oneself, destroying oneself as a cause of falling into hell, is called Atmaghna. (Mavri P. 36) Adha - Adhiyate Asya Ityadha.
(Mavri P. 36) Udbhinna - Udbhedanam Udbhinnam.
(Mavri P. 35) Uddes - Uddeshanam Uddesah.
(Mavri P. 35) Upakaran - Upakriyate Anenetyupakarnam.
(Mavri P. 84) Jvalan - Jvalatiti Jvalanah.
(Mavri P. 5) Tapan - Tapatiti Tapanah.
(Mavri P. 5)