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## 124
## Origin of Substances
57/1. Astrological bodies like the sun and moon, grass, medicinal plants like rice, clouds, debt, and taxes are the sources of substances. One should describe the origin of these substances, including from where, when, and how they originate. 57/2-4. The prince, having left his residence, was engaged in play in the court hall. At mealtime, his mother sent him sweets, filled in pots and bowls, as he was fond of them. The prince ate a lot of sweets. As he remained seated in the court hall, he suffered from indigestion and foul-smelling flatulence. The prince then contemplated the origin of his food: "Sweets are born of three things" - ghee, jaggery, and flour. Their origin is from pure substances. This body is born of two types of impurities - the mother's menstrual fluid and the father's semen. The prince felt detachment. From this, he simultaneously attained right faith, knowledge, and conduct, followed by the attainment of omniscience. 57/5. Conduct originates from perception and knowledge. Purity of both leads to pure conduct. Conduct leads to purity of karma. In conclusion, purity of origin leads to purity of conduct. 58, 59. There are sixteen defects of origin:
1. *Aadhākarma*
9. *Apamitya* or *Prāmitya*
2. *Auddeshika*
10. *Parivartita*
3. *Pūtikarma*
11. *Abhihata*
4. *Miśrajāta*
12. *Udbhinn*
5. *Sthāpanā*
13. *Mālāpahṛta*
6. *Prābhṛtika*
14. *Ācchhedya*
7. *Prāduṣkaraṇa*
15. *Anisṛṣṭa*
8. *Krīta*
16. *Adhyavapūraka*
60. One should consider the name of *Aadhākarma*, its meaning, for whom it is done, and its nature. Food taken for the benefit of the householders is not *Aadhākarma*. Food taken for the benefit of the virtuous, etc., is *Aadhākarma*. There are nine doors to *Aadhākarma*: four transgressions - excess, irregularity, abuse, and misconduct; and two defects in its acceptance - disobedience, etc.
1. Astrological bodies and clouds originate from the sky, grass and rice, etc., from the earth, debt from business, and taxes from men appointed by the king. Astrological bodies, like the sun, originate in the morning, and the rest, like the moon, etc., at other times, according to the time. Grass, etc., originate mainly in the month of Shraavana, etc. Astrological bodies and clouds extend in the sky until late at night, grass, rice, etc., emerge from the earth by breaking it, debt originates from interest, etc., and taxes are collected annually (M.V.P. 33). 2. See *Parī* : 3 *Kathā Saṅ.* 3 for the expansion of the story. 3. This is the main gate verse. Its explanation continues until the 92nd (217th) verse.