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## Pinḍaniyukti: An Observation
There is no mention of Pinḍaniyukti in the fourth study of Daśavaikālika, based on the sixth chapter of Chhajjivaṇiyā, or in the first study of Ācārāṅga, Śastra-parijñā. The Daśavaikālika mentions only "Govindavāyago vi ya, jah parapphakhaṁ niyatteï mātra".
This Pinḍaniyukti appears to be written based on the first study of Ācārāṅga, Śastra-parijñā. Some reasons for this are:
* In the context of the existence of Apkāya, Ācārāṅga Chūrṇi mentions, "Jan cha ninjuttiē āukkāyajīvalakkhaṇaṁ, jancha ajjagovindēhi bhaṇiyaṁ gāhā" (2). This quote clearly indicates that they wrote the Pinḍaniyukti based on the first study of Ācārāṅga.
* In the Ācārāṅga Sutra, Bhagavān Mahāvīra mentions many sutras about the existence of these sthāvarakāyas, while Daśavaikālika only discusses their non-violence. Ācārāṅganiyukti also contains some gāthās about the existence of sthāvarakāyas. It is possible that Ācārya Bhadravāhu took some gāthās from Govindaniyukti, as Govindaācārya was before Bhadravāhu II. Both the Daśavaikālika chūrṇis also mention this gāthā with the name of Govindaācārya:
> Kāye vi hu ajjhappam, sarīra-vāyasamannīyaṁ cheva.
> Kāya-maṇasampauttaṁ, ajjhappam kinchidāhaṁsu.
Although no independent text called Govindaniyukti is found today, based on the available facts, it can be said that Govindaācārya wrote Govindaniyukti, which is now unavailable.
## Authorship and Time of Composition of Pinḍaniyukti
There is no consensus yet on who the original author of the Niyukti literature was, despite many speculations. Was it Bhadravāhu I or II? In ancient times, the absence of mention of the author and time of composition in the copies makes it difficult to determine the author of a particular text today. This is also the case with an important text like Pinḍaniyukti. Ācārya Malayagiri, in his commentary on Pinḍaniyukti, and Dronācārya, in his commentary on Oghanīyukti, mention Chaturdaśapūrvi Bhadravāhu as the author.
In the Niśītha Chūrṇi, for Pinī 199 under Dhātrīpiṇḍa, it is mentioned, "Esa Bhaddabāhukayā ṇijjuttigāhā" (NiChū 3, p. 407). Similarly, for Pinī 205, Niśītha Chūrṇi (NiChū 3, p. 411) mentions, "Imā Bhaddabāhukayā gāhā". This mention clearly indicates that Ācārya Bhadravāhu wrote Pinḍaniyukti, but it is not clear whether it was Chaturdaśapūrvi Bhadravāhu I who wrote it.
1. Daśani 78.
2. Āchū p. 27.
3. Daśajichū 101, Daśaachū p. 53.
4, 5. Mavṛ p. 1, Onīṭī p. 3.