Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Pinḍaniyukti: An Observation
In ancient times, there were five types of Dhātrīs (nurses) based on their responsibilities:
1. **Kṣīradhātrī:** Breastfeeding the child.
2. **Majjanadhātrī:** Bathing the child.
3. **Maṇḍanadhātrī:** Adorning the child.
4. **Krīḍanadhātrī:** Playing with the child.
5. **Aṅkadhātrī:** Holding the child in their lap.
There are some variations in the names of these Dhātrīs in Digambara literature. In Mūlācāra, the names are **Mārjan, Maṇḍan, Krīḍan, Kṣīra, and Amba**, while in Anagāradharmāmṛta, the names are **Mārjan, Krīḍan, Staṇyapan, Svāpan, and Maṇḍan**.
The Dhātrī-doṣa (fault of a nurse) can be committed in two ways: by personally acting as a Dhātrī or by causing others to act as one.
To clarify the concept of Dhātrī-doṣa, the Niyuktikāra (one who appoints) explains that if a monk, while begging for alms, sees a child crying and tells the householder that the child is dependent on milk and is crying because of its absence, and then asks for alms to feed the child with milk, or asks for alms after feeding the child with milk, or says that he will return to beg for alms, or says that they should feed the child or he will, then the householder, if she is kind-hearted, may commit violence due to affection for the monk. If she is not righteous, she may develop hatred. If the child falls ill due to some reason or karma, the preaching will be neglected. People may criticize the monk, considering him to be flattering, and the householder may also doubt the monk's character.
If the monk tries to replace one Dhātrī with another, it also falls under Dhātrī-doṣa. For example, if a monk, while begging for alms, sees a woman distressed and asks her the reason for her sorrow, and she says that her position as a Dhātrī has been taken away and another woman has been appointed in her place, causing her livelihood to be disrupted, then the monk, while consoling her, learns about the age, size, and thinness of the newly appointed Dhātrī and tells the wealthy person that their ancestors lacked knowledge about Dhātrīs or that their wealth has only recently increased, which is why such an inexperienced Dhātrī has been appointed. If the wealthy householder, after hearing all this from the monk, dismisses the newly appointed Dhātrī and appoints the old one again, then his statement is considered to be Dhātrī-doṣa. This can make the newly appointed Dhātrī resentful. Out of revenge, she may:
1. **[Text missing]**
2. **[Text missing]**
3. **[Text missing]**
4. **[Text missing]**
5. **[Text missing]**