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The text describes the defects of "piṇḍaniyukti" - "auddeshika", "krītakṛta", "abhihata", "pūtikarma", "adhyavatra", "prāmitya" and "miśrajāta" - but does not mention the defect of "ādhākarma". There are a few possible reasons for this omission:
* Ācārya Śayyambhava may have included "ādhākarma" within the "auddeshika" defect.
* The "ādhākarma" defect may not have been widely used until after Ācārya Śayyambhava's time.
* The "karmapravāda" text, which is the source for the study of "piṇḍaiṣaṇā", does not mention "ādhākarma", so it may not have been included.
The text also mentions that some of the 52 "anācāra" (unlawful acts) described in the "Daśāśrutaskandha" and "Daśavaikālika" are related to the defects of "bhikṣācaryā" (begging for alms):
1. "auddeshika" - the second defect of "udgama" (origin).
2. "krītakṛta" - the third defect of "udgama".
3. "abhihata" - the eleventh defect of "udgama".
4. "ājīvavṛttita" - the fourth defect of "utpādana" (production).
5. "taptānivr̥tabhojitva" - the ninth defect of "eṣaṇā" (desire).
In conclusion, the systematic and sequential description of the sixteen defects of "udgama" in one place is a unique contribution of the "piṇḍaniyuktikāra". Although the defects of "prābhṛtika", "parivartana", etc. are not mentioned frequently in the "āgama" literature, the seeds of these defects can be found in the "āgama" literature. The "niyuktikāra" has systematically explained these defects.
The text then discusses the defects related to "utpādana" (production). "Utpādana" means to produce. In the "pañcavastū" (five substances), "utpādana", "sampādana" (acquisition), and "nirvartana" (completion) are considered synonymous. The "niyuktikāra" has provided a detailed explanation of the term "utpādana" based on name, establishment, and substance. There are two types of "bhāva-utpādana" (production of emotions): "praśasta" (praiseworthy) and "apraśasta" (unpraiseworthy). The production of knowledge, perception, and character, etc. is "praśasta bhāva-utpādana". The production of food, etc. due to anger, etc. or through "dhātrīkaraṇa" (nursing) and other unethical business practices is "apraśasta bhāva-utpādana". The sixteen defects of "utpādana" are related to the "sādhu" (holy person).
1. "dhātrīdoṣa" (defect of nursing)
The defect of "dhātrīdoṣa" is to obtain food by feeding a child, like the five types of "dhāy" (nurse). A "dhātrī" is one who carries a child, nourishes the child, or whom the child drinks from.
The text then lists several references from different Jain scriptures related to the "dhātrīdoṣa" and other defects.