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## Editorial [First Edition]
The Ramayana has been the most ancient, extensive, revered, and interesting subject in Indian literature. If we measure ancient Sanskrit and Prakrit literature from this perspective, then perhaps more than half of it will be found to be connected, originated, or inspired by this story in some form. In the Vedic tradition, the Valmiki Ramayana is considered the oldest epic. The most excellent epic of that tradition is Kalidasa's 'Raghuvamsa', whose subject is the same Rama story. And the two excellent plays of the great poet Bhavabhuti, 'Mahavira Charita' and 'Uttara-Ramacharita', are also entirely based on the Ramayana. Although this story is not found to be as extensive in the Buddhist tradition, it is narrated in the famous 'Jataka' section of Pali literature, called 'Dasaratha Jataka'. And in it, Lord Buddha himself is considered to be Rama Pandit in a previous birth. This story is concise and unique in its own way in some aspects. Its greatest peculiarity is considering both Rama and Sita as brother and sister, and their marriage after returning from exile. In the Shakya dynasty, from which Lord Buddha was born, there are mentions of the practice of brother-sister marriage. This story was also very popular among the mixed Semitic races. According to Jain Puranas, the marriage of brother and sister in the Bhoga-bhumis has been a stable system.
In the Jain tradition, Rama is counted among the sixty-three Shalaka-purushas as Vasudeva, and great Puranas have been written about his life story. Rama's name was also Padma, and this name is more commonly used for him in Jain Puranas.
The oldest Jain Purana related to the Ramayana is the Padma Purana written in Sanskrit by Ravishena, the Pauma-Chariya written in Prakrit by Vimalsuri, and the 'Pauma-Chariu' written in Apabhramsha by Swayambhu. This character is also found in the Sanskrit Mahapurana by Jinasena Gunabhadra, the Apabhramsha Mahapurana by Pushpadanta, and the Sanskrit Trishatishataka Shalaka Purusha Charita by Hemachandra. From the perspective of the similarity and dissimilarity of the story, we can divide this literature into two categories. One category includes the works of Vimalsuri, Ravishena, Swayambhu, and Hemachandra, and the other category includes the works of Gunabhadra and Pushpadanta. The biggest peculiarity of the works of this second category compared to the first is that they consider Rama's father Dasharatha to be the king of Banaras and describe Sita as born from the womb of Mandodari, the queen of Ravana. Why this difference in belief arose is a subject of study.
Regarding the two oldest and greatest works related to the Ramayana, the Padma Purana written in Sanskrit by Ravishenacharya and the Paumachariyam written in Prakrit by Vimalsuri, many thought-provoking points arise. The plot of both is entirely the same. Not only this, but by looking at both together, there is no doubt that they are merely linguistic adaptations of each other. Who translated whose work could be known from their chronological order of composition. But a difficulty has arisen in this matter. Ravishena completed his work in 733 CE. This is mentioned in the text itself, and no one doubts it. But the date of completion of his work, 60 CE, mentioned by Vimalsuri, has been accepted by Dr. Winternitz, but many other scholars are not willing to accept it. German scholar Dr. Hermann Jacobi, who first edited this text, expressed his doubt that the form of Prakrit language that appears in this text and the use of certain special words in it, suggests that this work is not from the first century CE but from the third or fourth century CE. According to Dr. Wulner, this text indicates the Apabhramsha period due to its word formation. Pandit Keshalal Dhruva has studied the various meters used in this text, which also supports Dr. Wulner's opinion.