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SOUND SYNTHESIS IN IE, IIR & SANSKRIT
IE ekwa+-ōm>(perhaps) ekwam (gen pl of a stem). But this from could not survive because of its apparent identity in form with the acc sg; hence the historical languages present different innovations; cp Skt aśvānām, Av haēnanam, Gk theaōn, Lat equarum.
IE ĕ+ǎjǎ>ē
IE e+ag-e-t>ēĝet (impf 3rd sg <ag 'move'), cp Skt ajat, Gk egon.
IE e+odyet>ēdyet (impf 3 sg <√od 'smell'), cp Gk ôze for *èze (analogical formation after e: è in impf).
IE ö+ǎð>ō
LE wlqo+ai>wlq"ōi (dat sg of o stem), cp Av vəhrkāt, Gk lúkõi, Lat lupō, OLat Numasiõi, Lith vilkui. IE wlq"o+es>wlq"os (nom pl of o stem), cp Skt vṛkāḥ, Av vǝhrkå, Osc nú v 1 an ús, Goth wulfos.
Combination of Primary Vowels with a Reduced Primary Vowel
IE does not present any evidence for combination of any primary vowel with a. a is found as a neuter plural ending with stems ending in consonants and secondary vowels. The neuter pl of o stem is a; e. g. sg yugom : pl yuga. This -a (as in yuga) is not at all vowel synthesis, This is an originally independent stem ending in a which was generalised later on for neuter pl and fem sg (vide Misra: New Lights on IE Comparative Grammar p. 87). The two different explanations offered by Osthoff and Brugmann are less probable (vide CGIGI: Vol I p. 107 Rem. )
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