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INDO-EUROPEAN VOWEL SYNTHESIS
*
OLat (dialectal) Fortunā, Osc dei vai, Goth gibái, Lith rankai, (pron) tai, OCS ręce.
IE ĕ+ě >ē
IE e+esm(m)>ēsm(m) (1st sg impf√es 'be') cp Skt āsam, OP aham, Av as (<*ast 3rd sg), Gk
(Hom) ea.
IE e+eym(m)>ēym(m) (1st sg impf< √ei 'go'),
cp Skt āyam, Gk êia for *ea <*èya.
IE e+ed->ēd- (perf stem <√ed 'eat'), cp Skt adima, Lat ēdimus, Goth -etum, Lith édes, OCS jadů.
IE ne+estinēsti, cp Skt nāsti, Lith nesti OCS nesti. IE e+ep->ēp- (perf stem <ep 'get'), cp Skt āpa, OLat coēpi (beside Skt āpnoti, Ht eptsi
'he gets').
IE Ŏ+ŏ>ō
IE o+od->öd (perf stem <od 'smell), cp Lith lid-es, Gk ód-ōde for *ōde.
IE bher-o+o>bhero (pres 1st sg),
Gk phérō, Lat fero, Goth baira, beżù, gAv spasyā
cp Skt bharāmi, OHG biru, Lith
IE wiq"o+ōm>wlq"om (gen pl of -o stem), cp Skt (vd) caratham, Gk lúkön, Lat deum, OHG wolfo, Lith vilkú.
2) Combination of a primary vowel with a primary vowel of a different quality resulted in a long primary vowel, assuming the quality of the first primary vowel, Thus:ă+é|ð>a, ê tô >ê, ở +
>0.
IE ǎ+ělỗ>ā
IE ekwa+es>ekwās (nom pl of a stem), cp Skt aśvāḥ, Av haeno, Goth gibōs, OHG gebā, Olcel giafar, Lith rankos (tos) OIrish tuatha, Osc scriftas.
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