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of the Jain Cultural Research Society, Banaras, for the award of the Punamchand K. Kotawala Research Fellowship which enabled me to complete my work, and also for the provision they made. for its publication. I am also much indebted to my esteemed friend Pandit Narendrachandra Vedäntatirtha, M.A., Lecturer in Sanskrit, Calcutta University, for his kindly revising the proofs of this work.
Singhi Park
CALCUTTA 19
31 October 1951
INTRODUCTION
PRONUNCIATION
The vowels in Sanskrit are the same as in Italian, except that the sound of a approaches that of a in rural, and a that of a in father. A vowel with a bar (-) above it is long; r. are respectively pronounced as ri, li. The consonants are almost as in English, except that g is always hard and the sound of c approaches that of ch in church; t, d etc. (indicated by a dot below) are cerebrals and are the same as t in turn, d in drum, and so on; t, d, n are pure dentals; the aspirated letters kh, gh, ch etc. have the sound of the first letter plus an aspiration; n is like n in sing; ñ is like n in tinge; is like s in sure; h is a pure aspirate; m is the symbol of a nasal.
For the convenience of the general reader the Sanskrit alphabet along with their transliterations are given below.
अa, आà, इi,
ल!, एe,
Jain Education International
कk,
च C,
zt,
t,
पP,
य् y,
व् v,
ख kh,
ch,
th
थth,
ph,
र् r,
शू 5,
Vowels
ई,
उu,
ऐ ai, ओ 0,
Consonants
Ig,
ज j,
3d,
ad,
a b,
ल् 1,
ष् s,
m or m,
gh,
jh,
dh,
धू dh,
bh,
भू
ळ 1,
स् s,
h.
ऊ,
औ au.
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n,
ñ,
n,
नू n,
m,
NATHMAL TATIA
lh,
Eh,
I,
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