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-91268 870] Chapter Nine
[349 The practice of *vaiyāvṛttya* is done for the sake of attaining *samādhi*, the absence of doubt, and the expression of compassion through preaching. 5867. To explain the different types of *svādhyāya*, the sūtra says:
*vācanā prachchanā anuprekṣā āmnāya dharma upadeśāḥ* ||25|| 8868. *Vācanā* is the giving of the text, the meaning, or both without fault. *Prachchanā* is questioning to remove doubt or to strengthen a firm belief. *Anuprekṣā* is mental contemplation of the meaning that has been understood. *Āmnāya* is the repetition of the text with correct pronunciation. *Dharma upadeśa* is the practice of *dharma kathā* and other such things. What is the purpose of these five types of *svādhyāya*? The purpose is to increase wisdom, to make one's resolve firm, to attain supreme emotion, to increase one's *tapas*, and to purify one's conduct, and so on. 8869. To explain the different types of *vyutsarga* *tapas*, the sūtra says:
*bāhyābhyantaropaḍhyoḥ* ||26|| 8870. *Vyutsarjana* is *vyutsarga*, which means renunciation. It is of two types: renunciation of external *upaḍhis* and renunciation of internal *upaḍhis*. External *upaḍhis* are things like wealth, grain, and other things that are not one with the self. Internal *upaḍhis* are mental states like anger. Renunciation of the body for a fixed period or for life is also called renunciation of internal *upaḍhis*. What is the purpose of this? The purpose is to attain non-attachment, fearlessness, and the transcendence of the desire for life, and so on. To practice *vaiyāvṛttya* is to practice *tapas*. This is done to attain *samādhi*, to remove doubt, and to express compassion through preaching.
8867. To explain the different types of *svādhyāya*, the sūtra says:
*vācanā, prachchanā, anuprekṣā, āmnāya, and dharma upadeśa* are the five types of *svādhyāya* ||25||
8868. *Vācanā* is the giving of the text, the meaning, or both without fault. *Prachchanā* is questioning to remove doubt or to strengthen a firm belief. *Anuprekṣā* is mental contemplation of the meaning that has been understood. *Āmnāya* is the repetition of the text with correct pronunciation. *Dharma upadeśa* is the practice of *dharma kathā* and other such things. The question arises: why are these five types of *svādhyāya* practiced? The answer is: to increase wisdom, to make one's resolve firm, to attain supreme emotion, to increase one's *tapas*, and to purify one's conduct, and so on.
8869. To explain the different types of *vyutsarga* *tapas*, the sūtra says:
Renunciation of external and internal *upaḍhis* are the two types of *vyutsarga* ||26||
8870. *Vyutsarjana* is *vyutsarga*, which means renunciation. It is of two types: renunciation of external *upaḍhis* and renunciation of internal *upaḍhis*. External *upaḍhis* are things like wealth, grain, and other things that are not one with the self. Internal *upaḍhis* are mental states like anger. Renunciation of the body for a fixed period or for life is also called renunciation of internal *upaḍhis*. The purpose of this is to attain non-attachment, fearlessness, and the transcendence of the desire for life, and so on.
It is important to note that the five great vows include the vow of non-possession, the ten *dharmas* include the *dharma* of renunciation, and the nine types of *prāyaścitta* include a *prāyaścitta* called *vyutsarga*. In this context, why is *vyutsarga* *tapas* mentioned separately? This seems redundant, as it would be repeating the same thing. The answer is that the vow of non-possession in the five great vows refers to the renunciation of *upaḍhis* related to household life. 1. -*mādhȳyān* mu.। 2. *vyaktārtham* ā., di. 1, di. 2, nā. ।