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## Chapter 8
**293** The four types of karmic poisons are: apramāda, etc. There is only one type of yoga for the upaśānta-kaṣāya, kṣīṇa-kaṣāya, and sayoga-kevali. There is no yoga for the ayoga-kevali.
**8733** The causes of bondage have been stated. Now, bondage will be explained. Therefore, the sūtra says:
**2** Due to being with kaṣāya, the jīva takes in karmic particles that are suitable for karma. This is bondage.
**8734** One who lives with kaṣāya is called sakaṣāya. The state of being sakaṣāya is called sakaṣāyatva. Therefore, due to being sakaṣāya. This is a statement of the cause. Just as one takes food according to the digestive fire, similarly, one experiences states and perceptions according to the intensity of the kaṣāya. The sūtra uses the word "sakaṣāyatvāt" to reiterate the cause in order to explain this particular characteristic.
The sūtra uses the word "jīva" to answer the question: "How does the formless and handless soul take in karma?" The meaning of the word "jīva" is derived from "jīvanāt jīvaḥ" - one who lives, i.e., one who sustains life, one who has a lifespan, one who does not lack life.
The sūtra uses the short phrase "karma-yogya" to convey the meaning. However, it uses the separate case ending "karmaṇo yogya" to indicate another sentence. What is that other sentence? "The jīva becomes sakaṣāya due to karma." This means that "karmaṇo" is a statement of the cause, meaning that the jīva becomes sakaṣāya due to karma. There is no coating of kaṣāya on a jīva without karma. This establishes the eternal relationship between the jīva and karma. This also answers the question: "How does the formless jīva become bound to the material karma?" Otherwise, if bondage is considered to have a beginning, then the absence of bondage would be implied for the Siddha, who possesses ultimate purity.
The second sentence is "karmaṇo yogya puḍgalān ādatte." Due to the meaning, the case ending changes, and the sixth case ending is used instead of the previous case ending that indicated the cause. The word "puḍgal" is used to indicate the identity of karma.