Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
[226] Sarvarthasiddhi
[51256 573] The cause of darkness is the obstruction of light. Shadow is caused by the covering of light. It is of two kinds - one that is transformed into a change of color, etc., and the other that is merely a reflection. The heat and light caused by the sun, etc., is called *ātapa*. The light that originates from the moon, fireflies, etc., is called *udyota*. These words, etc., are the transformations of the pudgala substance. Therefore, the pudgalas are called *śabda*, *bandha*, *saukṣmya*, *sthaulya*, *saṃsthāna*, *bheda*, *tama*, *chāyā*, *ātapa*, and *udyota*. The word 'ca' in the sūtra indicates that the transformations of the pudgala, such as *nodana*, *abhighāta*, etc., which are well-known in the āgama, should be included. 6 573. To show the difference between these pudgalas, the next sūtra says:
*Aṇavaḥ skandhāś ca* ||25|| 8574. Those that are called 'anyante', i.e., spoken of, because of their ability to produce the transformations of touch, etc., in a single space, are called *aṇavaḥ*. This means that the *aṇu* is the smallest because it exists in a single space. It is so subtle that it is the beginning, the middle, and the end. It is said:
"That which is the beginning, the middle, and the end, and which cannot be perceived by the senses, is the indivisible substance called the *paramāṇu*."
Those in which there is the aggregation of the actions of grasping, placing, etc., in a gross form, are called *skandha*. In common usage, an action that occurs in one place is taken as a symbol for all places, therefore, the term *skandha* is also used for the *dvaṇuka*, etc., which are not capable of grasping, etc. Although there are infinite varieties of pudgalas, they are all of two kinds - *aṇu* and *skandha*. 1. Ni. Sa., Ga. 261