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## Chapter Three
[§ 422]
The duration of the Utsarpini is twenty-one thousand years. The Avasarpini should be understood in the reverse order. [§ 419] Now, to explain the state of other lands, the following Sutra is stated:
"The remaining lands are situated apart from these two." [28]
[§ 420] The Sutra uses the word "Taabhyaam" to refer to the Bharata and Airavata regions. The remaining lands are situated apart from these two. There is no Utsarpini or Avasarpini time in those regions.
[§ 421] Now, to explain whether the humans in these lands have equal lifespans or have some special characteristics, the following Sutra is stated:
"The humans in the Haimvata, Harivarsha, and Daivakuru regions have lifespans of one, two, and three Palya-upamas respectively." [29]
[§ 422] Those born in the Haimvata region are called Haimvatakas. Here, the word "Haimvata" is suffixed with the "Vun" suffix to form the word "Haimvataka," which signifies humans. Similarly, the words "Harivarshaka" and "Daivakuruka" should be understood in the same way. There are three Haimvatakas, etc., and three Ekas, etc. Here, their connection is made in order, which means that the humans in the Haimvata region have a lifespan of one Palya-upamas. The humans in the Harivarsha region have a lifespan of two Palya-upamas, and the humans in the Daivakuru region have a lifespan of three Palya-upamas. In the two and a half islands, there are five Haimvata regions where there is always Sushma. There, the humans have a lifespan of one Palya-upamas, a height of two thousand Dhanus, their food is taken at intervals of one day, and their body color is like a blue lotus. In the five Harivarsha regions, there is always Sushma time. There, the humans have a lifespan of two Palya-upamas, a height of four thousand Dhanus, their food is taken at intervals of two days, and their body color is white like a conch shell. In the five Daivakuru regions, there is always Sushmasushma time. There, the humans have a lifespan of three Palya-upamas, a height of six thousand Dhanus, their food is taken at intervals of three...