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## Chapter Two
[147] How is their (the beings') attainment (of a body) known? It is known through the Veda. This is the meaning of Linga. It is of two types: Dravya-linga and Bhava-linga. Dravya-linga is established by the arising of name-karma like Yoni, Mehana, etc. Bhava-linga is established by the arising of No-kṣaya. From the arising of Stri-veda, there is a womb, hence a woman. From the arising of Puruṣa-veda, one gives birth to offspring, hence a man. From the arising of Napuṁsaka-veda, one is devoid of both these powers, hence a eunuch. These are established words. In established words, action is for the sake of etymology. For example, one who goes is a cow. Otherwise, if the meaning of the word is taken as primarily based on the action of bearing a child, etc., then there would be no designation of woman, etc., for children, old people, animals, humans, gods, and those who are in the state of Karmaṇakāya-yoga, as they do not have the action of bearing a child, etc. These three Vedas are for the remaining beings, i.e., those born from a womb.
8364. Those beings who are described as having different characteristics related to birth, womb, body, and linga, like gods, etc., who are controlled by various virtues and vices, and who hold bodies in the four states of existence, do they attain other bodies after enjoying their lifespan in due time, or do they attain other bodies even before their lifespan is complete? To answer this, the next sūtra says:
Those who are born from Upāpadaka, who have the highest body, and who have a lifespan of countless years, are those who have no lifespan. ||53||
1. Man. Both of them - A., Di. 1 - Di. 21