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## Chapter 636:
**13.** How can the absence of this undesirable object be achieved? This continuous contemplation is called the second type of *ārt-dhyāna*.
**14.** The external means of achieving desirable happiness are of two types, based on the distinction between sentient and insentient beings. Sentient beings include animals, women, children, etc., while insentient beings include wealth, grains, etc.
**15.** Internal means are also of two types, based on the distinction between physical and mental. The state of health achieved through the balance of bile, etc., is the physical means, while the mental means are the happiness, etc., arising from love, freedom from sorrow, fearlessness, etc.
**16.** To contemplate that I should not be separated from this desirable object, both in this world and the next, is called the third *ārt-dhyāna*.
**17.** To contemplate the absence of the separation from the previously arisen desirable object, to contemplate it repeatedly, is called the fourth *ārt-dhyāna*.
**18.** The basis of this *ārt-dhyāna* is negligence, and its result is the path of the lower beings. This is a subtle, mixed, and destructive emotion, found from the first to the sixth *guṇa-sthāna*.
**19.** A being with a cruel intention is called *Rudra*. The contemplation of such a being is called *raudr-dhyāna*. This is of four types: *hiṃsā-ānanda*, *caurya-ānanda*, *mṛṣā-ānanda*, and *parigraha-ānanda*.
**20.** Those who find joy, i.e., delight, in violence, etc., are called, in short, *hiṃsā-ānanda*, etc.
**21.** *Raud-dhyāna* is of two types, based on the distinction between external and internal. External *raudr-dhyāna* is to behave cruelly and to speak abusive words, etc. Internal *raudr-dhyāna* is known through self-awareness, it is experienced by oneself, while external *raudr-dhyāna* is known through inference. The tendency towards violence, etc., in the form of initiation, commencement, and beginning, is internal *ārt-dhyāna*. This has four types: *hiṃsā-ānanda*, etc., whose characteristics are as follows:
**22.** To consider violence, etc., as three kinds of joy is the first *raudr-dhyāna* called *hiṃsā-ānanda*.
**23.** To contemplate deceiving others with one's own fabricated arguments regarding objects worthy of faith is the second *raudr-dhyāna* called *mṛṣā-ānanda*.
**24.** To intend to forcibly take another's wealth out of negligence is called the third *raudr-dhyāna* called *steya-ānanda*.
**25.** To constantly intend to protect both sentient and insentient possessions, and to consider oneself as the owner of these possessions, is the fourth *raudr-dhyāna* called *parigraha-ānanda*.