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**Devagam - Aapta-Mimamsa**
It is shown by the **Devagam - Aapta-Mimamsa** that both **nityata** (permanence) and **anityata** (impermanence) are present in all things. **Chapter Four:**
**8**
Chapter Four contains 12 **karikas** (aphorisms) from 61 to 72, which discuss the concepts of **bheda** (difference) and **abheda** (non-difference). The first six **karikas** (61-66) examine the **ekanta bheda** (absolute difference) view of the Vaisheshika school. It is argued that if absolute difference is assumed between the cause and effect, the quality and the qualified, and the general and the particular (**dravya-guna-karma**), then it is not possible for one (the effect, the constituent, etc.) to reside (**vriti**) in many (the causes, the constituents, etc.). This is because the question arises: does the one reside in each of the many as a part or as a whole? The first option is not correct because the one is considered to be **niransha** (without parts). The second option is also not correct because there would have to be as many effects (constituents) as there are causes (constituents). If we assume parts in the one, which is contrary to the actual principle, then how can it be called one? It should be called **sansha** (many). In this way, the **vriti** (residence) defect is inevitable in the theory of absolute difference. It cannot be overcome.
Similarly, in this theory of difference, the **samanya** (general) and **samavaya** (inherence), which are considered to be distinct substances, cannot reside in their **ashraya** (substrates). This is because the **samanya** and **samavaya** are considered to be **nitya** (permanent) and **nishkriya** (inactive), residing in each individual as a whole. Since they are inactive, they cannot move to other individuals during the destruction or creation of the perishable and impermanent individuals (like a pot, a cloth, a cow, etc.). And since they are permanent, they cannot be destroyed or created along with the individual. Therefore, ...