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## 38. Mad (Pride)
**Fear** is a specific consequence of the soul arising from the state of *udaya*. There are seven types of fear: (1) *Ihaloka bhaya* (fear of this world), (2) *Paraloka bhaya* (fear of the next world), (3) *Adan bhaya* (fear of taking on new bodies), (4) *Akasmat bhaya* (fear of the unexpected), (5) *Vedana bhaya* (fear of pain), (6) *Maran bhaya* (fear of death), and (7) *Ashlok bhaya* (fear of hell).
The seven fears are also mentioned in the *Samavayanga Sutra*, but the fifth fear is called *Ajiva bhaya* (fear of livelihood) instead of *Maran bhaya*. The names and order of the remaining six fears are the same as in the *Sthananga Sutra*.
Although the Digambara literature also mentions seven fears, their names and order differ from the Svetambara literature. The seven fears mentioned in the Digambara literature are: (1) *Ihaloka* (this world), (2) *Paraloka* (next world), (3) *Arakṣā* (lack of protection), (4) *Agupti* (lack of attainment), (5) *Maran* (death), (6) *Vedana* (pain), and (7) *Akasmik bhaya* (fear of the unexpected).
**Pride** is to be arrogant about one's caste, etc., or to be frenzied in joy and excitement.
There are eight types of pride: (1) *Jatimad* (pride in one's caste), (2) *Kulmad* (pride in one's family), (3) *Balmad* (pride in one's strength), (4) *Rupmad* (pride in one's beauty), (5) *Tapomad* (pride in one's austerities), (6) *Srutamad* (pride in one's knowledge), (7) *Labhmad* (pride in one's wealth), and (8) *Aishwaryamad* (pride in one's power).
Although the Digambara literature also mentions eight types of pride, their names and order differ. The eight types of pride mentioned in the Digambara literature are: (1) *Vijnan* (knowledge), (2) *Aishwarya* (power), (3) *Agyna* (command), (4) *Kul* (family), (5) *Bal* (strength), (6) *Tap* (austerities), (7) *Rup* (beauty), and (8) *Jati* (caste).
1. (a) *Sthananga*, 7/27, (b) *Shri Jain Siddhant Bol Sangrah*, Part 2, p. 268.
2. *Samavayanga* 7/37.
3. *Jainendra Siddhant Kosh*, Part 3, p. 217.
4. (a) *Sthananga* 8/21, (b) *Samavayanga* 8/44.
5. *Jainendra Siddhant Kosh*, Part 3, p. 270.