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It shares a literal similarity with the Yoga Sutras and their commentaries. The geography mentioned in the third and fourth chapters does not touch upon the sutras of any other philosophy; however, in the commentary of Yoga Sutra 3.26, there is a long description of hellish realms, their fundamental elements such as earth, water, air, sky, etc., the beings residing there, the medium of existence, the prohibition of Meru, the hills of Neela, the regions of Bharat, Ilavrtta, the islands and oceans like Lavana, and various heavens regarding the upper plane, including the divine beings residing there, their lifespan, their women, family, etc., and their way of living, which seems less than the attainment of both the third and fourth chapters of Tattvārthā. Similarly, the description of islands, oceans, hells, cold, warm, and various deities found in Buddhist texts is also shorter than the existential epiphanies of Tattvārthā. Nevertheless, the linguistic resemblance and the similarity of thought inspire a quest for a common root among the different branches of Arya philosophy. The fifth chapter shares more similarities in substance, style, and definitions with the Vaisheshika and Samkhya philosophies than with any other philosophy. The doctrine of Padārthavāda is aligned with the Vaisheshika philosophy.