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________________ sUtrakRtAMga kA varNya viSaya evaM vaiziSTya DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina sUtrakRtAMga do zrutaskandhoM evaM 23 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ke sAtha sAdhaka kI sAdhanA ko uccatA pradAna karane vAle sUtra evaM prerakatattva upalabdha haiM. AcArAMga ke anantara sUtrakRtAMga ko jainAgamoM meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa Agama mAnA jAtA hai jaina vizvabhAratI, lAina ke prAdhyApaka DaoN. azoka jI ne apane Alekha meM sUtrakRtAMga kI viSayavastu kA saMkSepa meM pratipAdana kiyA hai / - sampAdaka nAma bodha aMga- sAhitya meM sUtrakRtAMga dUsarA aMga hai| samavAya, naMdI aura anuyogadvAra meM isa Agama kA nAma 'sUyagaDo' hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu svAmI ne isa Agama ke tIna guNaniSpanna nAma batAe haiM- 1. sUtagaDa 2. suttakaDa 3. sUyagaDa- suucaakRt| yaha maulika dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra se sUta (utpanna) hai tathA yaha grantha rUpa meM gaNadhara ke dvArA kRta hai, isalie isakA nAma sUtrakRta (sUtagaDa) hai| isameM sUtra ke anusAra tattva bodha kiyA jAnA hai, isalie isakA nAma suttakaDa hai| isameM sva aura para samaya kI sUcanA hai isalie isakA nAma sUcanAkRta (suyagaDa) hai| vastutaH sUta, sutta aura sUrya ye tInoM sUtra ke hI prAkRta rUpa haiN| usI ke tIna guNAtmaka nAmoM kI parikalpanA kI gyii| samavAya aura naMdI meM yaha spaSTatayA ullikhita hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM svasiddhAnta evaM parasiddhAnta kI sUcanA hai - "sUyagaDe NaM sasamayA sUijjati, parasamayA sUijjati, sasamaya parasamaya sUijjati" jo sUcaka hotA hai use sUtra kahA jAtA hai| isa Agama kI pRSThabhUmi meM sUcanAtmaka tattva kI pradhAnatA hai, isalie isakA nAma sUtrakRta hai / AcArya vIrasena ke anusAra sUtrakRtAMga meM anya dArzanikoM kA varNana hai / isa Agama kI racanA isI ke AdhAra para kI gaI, isalie isakA nAma sUtrakRta rakhA gyaa| sUtrakRta zabda ke anya vyutpattiparaka arthoM kI apekSA yaha artha adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai| 'suttagaDa' aura bauddhoM ke 'suttanipAna' meM nAma-sAmya pratIta hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kA svarUpa yaha do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyayana haiN| jinake nAma haiM- samae (samaya), veyAlie (vaitAlIya), uvasagga pariNA (upasarga parijJA), itthI pariNNA ( strI parijJA), Narayavibhatti (naraka vibhakti), mahAvIratthuI (mahAvIra stuti), kusIlaparibhAsitaM ( kuzIla paribhASita), vIriya (vIrya), dhammo (dharma), rAmAhI (samAdhi), gagge (gArga), samosaraNaM (samavasaraNa), AhattahIyaM ( yAthAtathya), gaMtho (grantha), jamaIe (yamakIya), gAhA (gaathaa)| pahalA zrutaskandha prAya: padyoM meM hai| usameM kevala eka adhyayana meM gadya kA prayoga huA hai|
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________________ | sUtrakRtAMga kA varNya viSaya evaM vaiziSTya ...10 dvitIya zrunaskandha meM sAta adhyayana haiN| jinake nAma haiM.. pA~DharIe (pauNDarIka), kiriyA ThANe(kriyA sthAna), AhAra pariNNA (AhAra parijJA), paccarakhAna kiriyA(pratyAkhyAna kriyA), AyAra sUyaM (AcAra zruta), adaijja (ArTakIya), nnaalNttijj(naaldiiy)| isa zruta skandha meM gadya aura padya donoM pAye jAte haiN| isa agama meM gAthA chanda ke atirikta indravajA. vaitAlika, anuSTup Adi anya chandoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| vaiziSTya ecabhUtavAda, brahmaikavATa -advaitavAda yA ekAtmagada, dehAtmavAda, ajJAnavATa. akriyAvAda. niyativAda, AtmakartRtvavAda, savAda, paMnaskandhavAda tathA dhAtuvAda Adi kA sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama skandha meM prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tatpakSasthApana aura nirasana kA eka sAMketika krama hai| dvitIya zrutaskama meM paramatoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai-- vizeSataH vahAM jIva evaM zarIra ke ekAca, Izvara kartRtca, niyativAda Adi kI carcA hai| prAcIna dArzanika matoM, vAdoM aura dRSTikoNoM ke adhyayana ke lie sUtrakRtAMga kA atyanta mahatva hai| Age hama adhyayana kramAnusAra varNya viSaya para saMkSipA prakAza DAla rahe haiN| varya viSaya prathama zrutaskandha prathama adhyayana kA nAma jaisA Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai samae (samaya) hai| isa adhyayana kA viSaya hai- svasamaya arthAt jainamata aura parasamaya arthAt jainetara natoM ke katipaya siddhAntoM kA prtipaadn| isa adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka aura aThAso zloka haiN| inameM vibhinna matoM kA pratipAdana, khaNDana aura svamata kA maNDana hai| yahA~ parigraha ko bandha aura hiMsA ko vairavRtti kA kAraNa batAte hue likhA hai "sabve akaMtadukkhA ya, ao sabve ahiNsiyaa||"1/84 __ koI bhI jIva du:kha nahIM cAhatA isalie sabhI jItra ahiMsya haiM, hiMsA karane yogya nahIM haiN| "evaM khaNANiNo sAraM, jaNa hiMsai kNcnnN| ahiMsA samayaM ceva. eyAvaMtaM viyaanniyaa||" 1/85 arthAt jJAnI hone kA yahI sAra hai ki vaha kisI kI hiMsA nahIM krtaa| samatA ahiMsA hai. itanA hI use jAnanA hai| parigraha baMdhana hai, hiMsA baMdhana hai| bandhana kA hetu hai mmtv| karmabandha ke mukhya do hetu haiM.. AraMbha aura prigrh| rAga, dveSa, moha Adi bhI karmabandha ke hetu haiM, kintu ve bhI Arambha parigraha ke binA nahIM hote| ata: mukhyata: ina do hetuoM amarambha aura parigraha kA ho grahaNa kiyA hai| ina donoM meM bhI egriha
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________________ 106 gurutara kAraNa hai| isameM prAcIna dArzanika matoM jaise bhUtavAda, AtmAdvaitavAda, ekAtmavAda, akArakavAda, kriyAvAda, niyativAda Adi kA paricaya dekara ina sabakA nirasana kiyA hai| jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka dvitIya adhyayana vaitAlIya hai| isameM AdhyAtmika tathyoM kA pratipAdana hai| prArambha meM varNana kiyA gayA hai "saMbujjhaha kiNNa bujhaha saMbohI pecca khalu dullahA / hUvaNamati rAio, jo sulabhaM puNaravi jIviyaM / / " 211 (bhagavAna RSabha ne apane putroM se kahA) saMbodhi ko prApta kro| bodhi ko kyoM nahIM prApta hote ho| jo vartamAna meM saMbodhi ko prApta nahIM hotA, use agale janma meM bhI vaha sulabha nahIM hotii| bItI huI rAteM lauTakara nahIM aatii| jIvana sUtra ke TUTa jAne para use punaH sAdhanA sulabha nahIM hai| pArivArika moha se nivRtti ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai "dukkhI mohe puNo puNo, NivviMdejja silogapUyaNaM / evaM sahie'hipAsae. Ayatule pANehi saMjae / / 2/66 arthAt duHkhI manuSya punaH punaH moha ko prApta hotA hai| tuma zlAghA aura pUjA se virakta rho| isa prakAra sahiSNu aura saMyamI saba jIvoM AtmatulA ko dekheN| apane samAna smjhe| parISaha - jaya, kaSAya-jaya Adi kA bhI samyak nirUpaNa isa adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| kAma, moha se nivRtta hokara AtmabhAva meM ramaNa karane kA upadeza isa adhyayana meM diyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana 'upasarga parijJA' hai| upasargo ko samatA pUrvaka sahane kI kSamatA vAlA muni apane lakSya ko pA letA hai / upasarga kA artha haiupadrava / svIkRta mArga para avicala rahane tathA nirjarA ke lie kaSTa sahanA parISaha hai| anukUla upasarga mAnasika vikRti paidA karate haiM aura pratikUla upasarga zarIra vikAra ke kAraNa banate haiM / anukUla upasarga sUkSma hote haiM aura pratikUla upasarga sthUla hote haiN| dhIra puruSa baMdhana se mukta hote haiM yathA"jehiM kAle parikkataM Na pacchA paritappae / te dhIrA baMdhaNummukkA, NAvakakhaMti jIviyaM / / " 3 / 75 arthAt jinhoMne ThIka samaya para parAkrama kiyA hai ve bAda meM paritApa nahIM krte| ve dhIra puruSa (kAmAsakti) ke baMdha se mukta hokara (kAma-bhogamaya ) jIvana kI AkAMkSA nahIM karate / adhyayana ke aMta meM 'glAna sevA' va upasarga sahana karane para bala diyA hai| caturtha adhyayana 'itthIpariNNA' (strI parijJA) meM strI saMbaMdhI parISahoM ko sahana karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| guni ko sabhI saMsarga kA varjana
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________________ | sUtrakRtAMga kA varNya viSaya evaM vaiziSTya 107 karate hue likhA--- "evaM khu tAsu viSNappaM, saMthavaM saMvAsaM ca cejjaa| tajjAtiyA ime kAmA, vajjakarA ya evmkkhyaa||" 4/50 isa prakAra striyoM ke viSaya meM jo kahA gayA hai(una doSoM ko jAnakara) unake sAtha paricaya aura saMvAsa kA parityAga kre| ye kAma bhoga sevana karane ko bar3hate haiN| tIrthakoM ne unheM karma-bandhana kAraka banalAyA hai| paMcama adhyayana kA nAma 'naraka vibhakti' hai| naraka meM jIva ko kisma prakAra ke bhayaMkara kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiM usakA varNana isameM kiyA gayA hai| vaiTika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM hI paramparAoM meM narakoM kA varNana hai| yoga sUtra ke vyAsa bhASya meM sAta nahAnarakoM kA varNana hai| bauddha grantha 'kokAliya' nAmaka sutta meM narakoM kA varNana hai| yaha varNana isa adhyAya se bahuta kucha milanA julatA hai| ___ SaSTha adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAvIratthuI' (mahAvIra stuti) hai| isameM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vivadhi upamAeM dekara stuti kI gayI hai| yaha mahAvIra kI prAcInatama stuti hai| mahAvIra ko isameM hAthiyoM meM airAvata, mRgoM meM siMha, nadiyoM meM gaMgA aura pakSiyoM meM garur3a kI upamA dete hue loka meM sarvottama batAyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pradhAnatA ke saMdarbha meM likhA hai "dANANa seThaM amayappayANa, saccesu ya aNavajja vyNti| tavesu yA uttama baMbhacera, loguttame sabhaNe NAyaputte / / " 6/23 jaise dAnoM meM abhayadAna, satya vacana meM anavadya vacana, tapasyA meM brahmacarya pradhAna hotA hai, vaise hI zramaNa jJAna putra loka meM pradhAna haiN| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aneka guNoM kA varNana isa adhyayana meM hai| saptama adhyayana 'kusIlaparibhAsita' (kuzIla paribhASita) hai| isameM zIla, azIla aura kuzIla kA varNana hai| kuzIla kA artha anupayukta va anucita vyavahAra vAlA hai| jo sAdhaka asaMyamI hai, jinakA AcAra vizuddha nahIM hai, unakA paricaya isa adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| yahAM tIna prakAra ke kuzIloM kI carcA kI gaI hai / ve isa prakAra haiM-- 1. anAhAra saMpajjaNa AhAra meM madhuratA paidA karane vAle, namaka ke tyAga se mokSa mAnane vaale| 2. sIodaga sevaNa- zItala jala ke sevana se mokSa mAnane vaale| 3. hueNa- homa se mokSa mAnane vaale| yahA~ spaSTatayA batAyA hai ki tapasyA se pUjA pAne kI abhilASA na kreN| tapa mukti kA hetu hai| pUjA satkAra yA isI prakAra kI dUsarI AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke lie isakA upayoga na kreN| jo pUjA satkAra ke nimitta napasyA karanA hai, vaha nanva kA jJAtA nahIM hai!
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________________ 1108 .... jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAr3aka aSTama adhyayana 'vIriyaM' (vIrya) hai| sUtrakAra ne akarmavIrya-paNDita vIrya aura karmavIrya balavIrya ye do prakAra batAye haiN| akarmavIrya meM saMyama kI pradhAnatA hai| paNDita vIrya ko mukti kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| indriya saMyama para bala dete hue kahA hai "atikkamaMti vAyAe, maNasA vi Na ptthe| savao saMvuDe daMte, AyANa susamAhare / / " 8/21 mahAvratoM kA vANI se atikrama na kare / bhana se bhI unake atikrama kI icchA na kre| vaha saba ora se saMvRta aura TAnta hokara indriyoM kA saMyama kre| navama adhyayana 'dhamma' (dharma) hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA vatAye gaye dharma kA nirUpaNa hai| niyuktikAra ne kula dharma, nagara dharma, rASTra dharma, gaNa dharma, saMgha dharma, pAkhaNDa dharma, zruta dharma, cAritra dharma, gRhastha dharma Adi aneka rUpoM meM 'dharma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| dharma ke mukhya rUpa se do bheTa haiMlaukika dharma aura lokottara dhrm| isa adhyayana meM lokottara dharma kA nirUpaNa dazama adhyayana 'samAhI' (samAdhi) hai| samAdhi kA artha haisamAdhAna, tuSTi avrodh| isameM bhAva, zruta, darzana aura AcAra ina cAra prakAra kI samAdhiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ekAdaza adhyayana kA nAma 'magge' (mArga) hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA-paddhati ko 'mArga' kahA hai| samAdhi ke lie sAdhaka ko jJAna, darzana, cAritra tathA tapomArga kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie- yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai| bArahaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'samavasaraNa' hai| samavasaraNa kA artha hai-vaad-sNgm| jahA~ aneka dRSTiyoM / darzanoM kA milana hotA haiM. use samavasaraNa kahate haiN| isa adhyayana meM kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda aura vinayavAda ina cAroM vAdoM kI katipaya mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanaH kara yathArtha kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai| trayodaza adhyayana kA nAma 'yathAtathya' hai| isameM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki mada rahita sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka ho sanA vijJa aura mokSagAmI hai| caudahaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'grantha' hai| grantha kA artha hai- atmA ko bAMdhane vaalaa| grantha do prakAra kA hai- dravya aura bhAva grnth| bhAva grantha ke do prakAra hai... 1. prazasta bhAva grantha jisake antargata jJAna . darzana aura cAritra hai| 2. aprazasta bhAva grantha meM prANAtipAta Adi haiN| pandrahaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'jamaIe' (yamakIya) hai| isakI sabhI gAthAe~ 'yamaka' alaMkAra se yukta haiN| isameM saMyama evaM mokSamArga kI sAdhanA kA supariNAma batAyA hai|
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________________ sUtrakRtAMga kA varNya viSaya evaM vaiziSTya 109 solahaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'gAthA' hai| niyuktikAra ne gAthA kA artha kiyA hai - jisakA madhuratA se gAna kiyA jA sake, vaha gAthA hai| jisameM artha kI bahulatA ho, vaha gAthA hai yA chanda dvArA jisakI yojanA kI gaI ho, gAthA hai| isameM sAdhu ke mAhaNa, zramaNa, bhikSu aura nirgrantha ye cAra nAma dekara unakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vaha isa prakAra prathama zrutaskandha ke adhyayana meM viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya zrutaskandha isake prathama adhyayana kA nAma 'puNDarIka' hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha saMsAra puSkariNI hai| isameM karmarUpa jala evaM kAma bhoga kA kIcar3a bharA hai| usake madhya meM eka puNDarIka (kamala) hai| usa kamala ko anAsakta, ni:spRha aura ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAle sAdhaka hI prApta kara sakate haiN| dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma 'kriyA sthAna hai| yahAM dharma kriyA kA varNana karake dharma kriyA kI preraNA dI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma 'AhAraparijJA' hai| isameM AhAra kI vistRta carcA hai| zramaNoM ko saMyama pUrvaka AhAra grahaNa karane kI preraNA dI gaI ! caturtha adhyayana kA nAma 'pratyAkhyAna parijJA' hai| isameM jIvana ko maryAdita banAne ke lie pratyAkhyAna rUpa kriyA kI AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pAMcave adhyayana ke 'AcAra zruta' va 'aNagAra zruta ye do nAma upalabdha hote haiN| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki AcAra ke samyak pAlana ke lie bahuzruta honA Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI zramaNa ko amuka amuka prakAra kI bhASA na bolane kA bhI nirdeza hai| chaThA adhyayana 'ArdrakIya' hai| isameM anArya deza meM utpanna rAjakumAra Ardaka ke jaina muni banane kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt unake dvArA gozAlaka, hastI tApasa Adi ke matoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'nAlandIya' hai / isa adhyayana meM gaNadhara gautama kA pAzrvApatyika per3hAla putra ke sAtha madhura saMvAda hai| per3hAla putra cAturyAma dharma ko chor3akara paMcayAma dharma svIkAra kara lete haiN| isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM mahattvapUrNa dArzanika carcAe~ huI haiN| sAtha hI AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM r3hAlane evaM anya matoM kA parityAga kara zuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane kI preraNA bhI dI gaI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kisa-kisa koTi kI paramparAe~ usa samaya vidyamAna thI ? unake dhArmika upAdAna kyA the? ityAdi bAtoM para
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________________ 110 . jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kucha aisI sUcanAeM haiM jo zodhArthiyoM ko vizeSa dRSTi pradAna kara sakatI haiN| bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI isa Agama kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ata: aitihAsika, dArzanika evaM dhArmika sabhI dRSTiyoM se yaha Agama vilakSaNa vizeSatA rakhatA hai| -prAdhyApaka. jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma-darzana vibhAga jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM (rAja.)