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________________ 398 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 / / 40. amataM santi nivvANa padamaccutaM-suttanipAta-pArAyaNa vagga, anu0 48. udAna, anu0 jagadIza kazyapa, 8/1 / bhikSu dharmaratna, prakA0, mahAbodhisabhA, banArasa 1950 / / 49. mUla pAlI meM, yahA~ pAThAntara hai-tIna pATha milate haiM 1. anattaM 2. 41. padaM santaM saMkhArUpasamaM sukhaM-dhammapada, anu0 paM0rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, anata 3. anntN| hamane yahA~ "ananta" zabda kA artha grahaNa kiyA 368 / hai| AdaraNIya kAzyapajI ne anata (anAtma) pATha ko adhika upayukta 42. ittivuttaka, dharmarakSita, prakA0, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha buddhAbda, mAnA hai lekina aTThakathA meM donoM hI artha lie gae haiN| 2499, 2/2/6 / 50. udAna, anu0 jagadIza kazyapa, 8/3 / / 43. vizuddhimagga, anu0 bhikSudharmarakSita, prakA0, mahAbodhisabhA, vArANasI 51. yattha Apo na paThavI tejo vAyo na gaadhti| 1956, pariccheda 16, bhAga 2, pR0 119-121 (hindI anu0 na tattha sukkA jotanti Adicco nappakAsati / / - vhii,1/10| bhikSu dharmarakSita) na tattha candimA bhAti tamo tattha na vijjti| 44. udAna, anu0, jagadIza kazyapa, prakA0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha tulanA kIjie-na tadbhAsayate sUryo na zazAMko na paavkH| vArANasI, pATaligrAma varga 8/10 / yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / / 45. vahI, 8/9 / - gItA, vahI, 1/10 tathA gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi0saM0 46. vizuddhimagga, anu0 bhikSudharmarakSita, pariccheda 8 evaM 16 / 2018, 15/6 / 47. bauddha dharma darzana, pR0 294 para uddhRt| strI, anyatairthika evaM savastra kI mukti kA prazna yApanIya paramparA ke viziSTa siddhAntoM meM strImukti, sagranthamukti paramparA meM bhI uttarAdhyayana kI mAnyatA thI aura usake adhyayana-adhyApana (gRhasthamukti) aura anyatairthikamukti aisI avadhAraNAe~ haiM, jo use kI paramparA usameM lagabhaga navIM zatI taka jIvita rahI hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA se pRthak karatI haiN| eka aura yApanIya saMgha acelakatva aparAjita ne apanI bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA meM uttarAdhyayana se aneka (digambaratva) kA samarthaka hai, to dUsarI ora vaha strImukti, sagrantha gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM, jo kvacit pAThabheda ke sAtha vartamAna uttarAdhyayana (gRhastha) mukti, anyatairthika (anyaliMga) mukti Adi kA bhI samarthaka meM bhI upalabdha haiN| samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM hai| yahI bAta use zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA ke samIpa khar3A kara meM aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM, tattvArthabhASya ke sAtha-sAtha tattvArthasUtra kI digambara detI hai| yadyapi strImukti kI avadhAraNA to zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna TIkAoM meM evaM SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bhI prakIrNaka grantha Agama sAhitya uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathA Adi meM bhI upasthita rahI ke rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM hai, phira bhI tArkika rUpa se isakA samarthana sarvaprathama yApanIyoM ne hI ne uttarAdhyayana ko I0pU0 tRtIya se I0pU0 prathama zatI ke madhya kI kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki strImukti niSedha ke svara sarvaprathama pA~cavIM- racanA mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA kiMcit paravartI zvetAmbara mAnya chaThI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM hI mukhara hue aura cU~ki yahA~ Agamika Agama jJAtAdharmakathA (I0pU0 prathama zatI) meM malli nAmaka adhyAya paramparA ko mAnya karane vAlA yApanIya saMgha upasthita thA, ata: use (I0 san prathama zatI) meM tathA antakRddazAMga ke aneka adhyayanoM meM hI usakA pratyuttara denA pdd'aa| strImukti ke ullekha haiN| Agamika vyAkhyA AvazyakacUrNi (sAtavIM zvetAmbaroM ko strImukti sambandhI vivAda kI jAnakArI yApanIyoM zatI) meM bhI marudevI kI mukti kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isake se prApta huii| zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra (AThavIM zatI) ne sarvaprathama atirikta digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya yApanIya grantha kaSAyaprAbhRta evaM isa carcA ko apane grantha lalitavistarA meM yApanIya tantra ke ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama bhI strImukti ke samarthaka haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ke sAtha uThAyA hai| isake pUrva, bhASya aura cUrNi sAhitya meM yaha carcA ki IsvI san kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina paramparA meM kahIM anupalabdha hai| ata: sarvaprathama to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki isa tArkika bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thaa| strImukti evaM sagrantha (savastra) kI carcA ke pahale strImukti se samarthaka aura niSedhaka nirdeza kina granthoM mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM kiyA meM milate haiN| sarvaprathama hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke antima adhyayana (I0 hai| yadyapi yApanIya grantha SaTkhaNDAgama bhI suttapAhuDa kA hI samakAlIna pU0 dvitIya-prathama zatI) meM strI kI tadbhava mukti kA spaSTa ullekha grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI usameM strImukti kA niSedha nahIM hai, prApta hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke atirikta yApanIya apitu mUla granthoM meM to paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM caudaha guNasthAnoM
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________________ strI anyatairthika evaM savastra kI mukti kA prazna kI sambhAvanA svIkAra kara prakArAntara se usakI tadbhava mukti svIkAra kI gaI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki strImukti ke nirdeza hameM IsvI pUrva ke Agamika granthoM se lekara IsA kI sAtavIM zatI taka kI Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM milate haiN| phira bhI unameM kahIM bhI strImukti kI tArkika siddhi kA kahIM koI prayatna nahIM dekhA jaataa| isakI tArkika siddhi kI AvazyakatA to taba hotI, jaba kisI ne usakA niSedha kiyA hotaa| strImukti kA niSedha kundakunda ke pUrva kisI bhI AcArya ne kiyA ho, aisA eka bhI pramANa nahIM hai| yadyapi yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai ki suttapAhuDa kundakunda kI racanA hai yA nahIM phira bhI eka bAra yadi hama yaha mAna bhI leM ki suttapAhuDa kundakunda kI hI racanA hai, to bhI usa grantha evaM usake karttA kA kAla chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA to nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kundakunda kI racanAoM meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI avadhAraNAe~ spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai jo lagabhaga pA~cavIchaThI zatI meM astitva meM A cukI thIM ema0 e0 DhAkI ne kundakunda ke samaya para pUrva mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karate hue vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai aura ve unheM chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA kisI bhI sthiti meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN|" tattvArthabhASya (lagabhaga caturtha zatI) meM siddhoM ke anuyogadvAra kI carcA karate hue liMgAnuyogadvAra kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 6 bhASya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha liMga zabda para usake donoM arthoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai apane prathama artha meM liMga kA tAtparya hai - puruSa, strI yA napuMsaka rUpa zArIrika rcnaaeN| liMga ke isa prathama artha kI dRSTi se usameM uttarAdhyayana ke samAna hI strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka tInoM liMgoM se mukti kA ullekha hai sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki pratyutpannabhAva arthAt vartamAna meM kAma vAsanA kI upasthiti kI dRSTi se aveda arthAt kAma vAsanA se rahita vyakti kI hI mukti hotI hai| kintu pUrva bhava kI apekSA se to tInoM vedoM se siddhi hotI hai| sAtha hI usameM liMga kA artha veza karate hue kahA gayA hai pratyutpanna bhava arthAt vartamAna bhava kI apekSA se to aliMga arthAt liMga ke prati mamatva se rahita vyakti hI siddha hote haiM, kintu pUrva bhava-liMga kI apekSA se sva-liMga hI siddha hote hai punaH dravya liMga arthAt bAhya veza kI apekSA se sva-liMga, anya liMga aura gRha-liMga tInoM hI vikalpa se siddha hote haiN| tattvArthabhASya ke pazcAt tattvArtha kI digambara paramparA kI TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki veda kI dRSTi se tInoM vedoM ke abhAva meM hI siddhi hotI hai / dravya liMga arthAt zArIrika saMracanA kI dRSTi se pulliMga hI siddha hote haiM kintu bhUtapUrva naya kI apekSA se to sagranthaliMga se bhI siddhi hotI hai|" isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki mukti puruSa liMga se hI prApta ho sakatI hai| usake pazcAt rAjavArtikakAra akalaMka bhI sarvArthasiddhi ke ullekha kA hI samarthana karake raha jAte haiN| usase adhika ve bhI kucha nahIM kahate haiN|" zvetAmbara paramparA meM AvazyakamUlabhASya (pA~cavIM zatI), 399 vizeSAvazyakabhASya (chaThIM zatI) aura AvazyakacUrNi (sAtavIM zatI) meM hameM acelakatva aura sacelakatva ke prazna ko lekara Arya zivabhUti aura Arya kRSNa ke madhya hue vivAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa ke vividha tarkoM kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu cUrNi ke kAla taka arthAt sAtavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka hameM eka bhI saMketa aisA nahIM milatA, jisameM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne strImukti kA tArkika samarthana kiyA ho / isase aisA lagatA hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdI taka unheM isa tathya kI jAnakArI bhI nahIM thI ki strImukti ke sandarbha meM koI pratipakSa bhI hai| strI kI pravrajyA (mahAvratAropaNa) aura strImukti kA niSedha sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda ne lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM kiyA aura usa sambandha meM apane kucha tarka bhI diye| pUjyapAda ne strImukti kA niSedha to kiyA, phira bhI unhoMne strImukti ke khaNDana ke sandarbha meM koI tarka prastuta nahIM kiyaa| AcArya kundakunda ne hI sarvaprathama suttapAhuDa meM yaha kahA hai ki jina mArga meM savastra kI mukti nahIM ho sakatI cAhe vaha tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na ho?" savastra kI mukti ke niSedha meM strImukti kA niSedha garbhita hai, kyoMki strI nirvastra nahIM ho sakatI hai| strI ko mahAvratAropaNa arthAt pravrajyA kyoM nahIM ho sakatI isake sandarbha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki isake kukSi (garbhAzaya), nAbhi aura stana meM sUkSma jIva hote haiM, isalie usakI pravrajyA kaise ho sakatI hai?" punaH yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki usameM mana kI pavitratA nahIM hotI, ve asthiramanA hotI haiM tathA unameM rajasrAva hotA hai isaliye unakA dhyAna cintArahita nahIM ho sktaa| " 11 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama kundakunda ke suttapAhuDa meM hI strImukti kA tArtika khaNDana upalabdha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM digambara paramparA meM strImukti kA tArkika niSedha chaThIM zatAbdI se prArambha huaa| isake pUrva isa paramparA meM isa sambandha meM kyA mAnyatA thI, yaha jAnane kA hamAre pAsa koI srota nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAtavIM zatAbdI taka strImukti ke isa tArkika niSedha kA kahIM koI khaNDana kiyA gayA ho, aisI sUcanA bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI / sambhavataH sAtavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara AcArya kisI aisI paramparA se avagata hI nahIM the jo strImukti kA niSedha karatI thI / strImukti ke niSedhaka tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara zvetAmbaroM ne nahIM, apitu acelakatva kI samarthaka yApanIya paramparA ne hI diyaa| cUMki kundakunda dakSiNa meM hue the aura yApanIya bhI dakSiNa meM hI upasthita the, ataH pahalI coTa bhI unhIM para huI thI aura pahalA pratyuttara bhI unheM hI denA par3A thaa| isa prakAra sarvaprathama lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI meM vApanIyoM ne isakA pratyuttara diyA thA yApanIya sampradAya ke ina tarkoM kA anusaraNa paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI kiyaa| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM sarvaprathama haribhadra ne AThavIM zatI meM lalitavistarA meM strImukti kA samarthana kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne bhI apanI ora se koI tarka na dekara isa sambandha meM yApanIyatantra nAmaka (vartamAna meM anupalabdha) kisI yApanIya prAkRta grantha ko uddhRta mAtra kiyA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki kundakunda ne lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM strImukti ke niSedha ke sandarbha meM jo tarka diye the, usakA .
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________________ 400 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 khaNDana yApanIyoM ne lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kiyA aura yApanIyoM gii| acela paramparA meM bhI kundakunda ke pUrva striyA~ dIkSita hotI thIM ke tarkoM ko gRhIta karake hI AThavIM zatAbdI se zvetAmbara paramparA meM aura unako mahAvrata bhI pradAna kiye jAte the| digambara paramparA meM kundakunda bhI strImukti niSedha digambara paramparA kA khaNDana kiyA jAne lgaa| hI aise prathama AcArya pratIta hote haiM jinhoMne spaSTa rUpa se strI kI yApanIyatantra ke pazcAt strImukti ke samarthana meM sarvaprathama yApanIya AcArya pravrajyA kA niSedha kiyA thA aura yaha tarka diyA thA ki striyA~ svabhAva zAkaTAyana ne lagabhaga navIM zatI meM 'strI-nirvANa-prakaraNa' nAmaka svatantra se hI zithila pariNAma vAlI hotI haiM, isaliye unake citta kI vizaddhi grantha kI racanA kI aura usa para svopajJavRtti bhI likhii| isake bAda sambhava nahIM hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA ki striyA~ mAsika dharma donoM hI paramparAoM meM strImukti ke pakSa evaM vipakSa meM likhA jAne vAlI hotI haiM, ata: striyoM meM ni:zaMkA dhyAna sambhava nahIM hai| yaha lgaa| strImukti ke pakSa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra (AThavIM zatI) satya hai ki zArIrika tathA sAmAjika kAraNoM meM pUrNa nagnatA strI ke ke pazcAt abhayadeva (I0 san 1000), zAntisUri (I0 san 1120), liye sambhava nahIM hai aura jaba savastra kI pravrajyA evaM mukti kA niSedha malayagiri (I0 san 1150), hemacandra (I0 san 1160), vAdideva kara diyA gayA to strImukti kA niSedha to usakA anivArya pariNAma (I0 san 1170), ratnaprabha (I0 san 1250), guNaratna (I0 san thA hii| puna: AcArya kundakunda ne aparigraha ke sAtha-sAtha strI ke dvArA 1400), yazovijaya (I0 san 1660), meghavijaya (I0 san ahiMsA kA pUrNata: pAlana bhI asambhava maanaa| unakA tarka hai ki striyoM 1700) ne apanI kalama claaii| dUsarI ora strImukti ke vipakSa meM ke stanoM ke andara meM, nAbhi evaM kukSi (garbhAzaya) meM sUkSmakAya jIva digambara paramparA meM vIrasena (lagabhaga I0 san 800), devasena (I0 hote haiN| isaliye unakI pravrajyA kaise ho sakatI hai|16 yahA~ yaha smaraNIya san 980), nemicanda (I0 san 1050), prabhAcanda (I0 san 980- hai ki kundakunda ne jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM ve vastuta: strI kI pravrajyA 1065), jayasena (I 0 san 1150), bhAvasena (I0 san 1275) / ke niSedha ke liye haiN| strImukti kA niSedha to usakA anivArya phalita Adi ne apanI lekhanI claaii|12 yahA~ hamAre liye una sabakI vistRta avazya hai kyoMki jaba acelatA hI ekamAtra mokSa-mArga hai aura strI carcA karanA sambhava nahIM hai| isa sandarbha meM hama yApanIya AcAryoM ke ke liye acelatA sambhava nahIM hai to phira usake liye na to pravrajyA kucha pramukha toM kA ullekha karake isa viSaya ko virAma deNge| jo sambhava hogI aura na hI mukti| pAThaka isa sambandha meM vizeSa jAnane ko icchuka hoM, unheM pro0 padmanAbha hama dekhate haiM ki kundakunda ke ina tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara sambhavata: jainI ke grantha (Gender Salvation) ko dekhanA caahiye| yApanIya paramparA ke 'yApanIyatantra' (yApanIya-Agama) nAmaka grantha meM jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai, zvetAmbara mAnya Agama diyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM yaha grantha anupalabdha hai kintu isakA sAhitya meM strImukti ke ullekha to milate haiM kintu unameM kahIM bhI vaha aMza jisameM strImukti kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, haribhadra ke usakA tArkika samarthana nahIM huA hai| digambara paramparA meM strImukti kA lalitavistarA meM uddhRta hone se surakSita hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama tArkika khaNDana kundakunda ke granthoM meM milatA hai| kundakunda strI ajIva nahIM hai, na vaha abhavya hai, na samyagdarzana ke ayogya hai, ne isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to yahI tarka diyA thA ki jinazAsana na amanuSya hai, na anAryakSetra meM utpanna hai, na asaMkhyAta AyaSyavAlI meM vastradhArI siddha nahIM ho sakatA cAhe vaha tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na ho? 13 hai, na vaha atikrUramati hai, na upazAnta-moha hai, na azuddhAcArI hai, isase aisA lagatA hai ki strImukti ke niSedha kI AvazyakatA tabhI na azuddhazarIrA hai, na vaha varjita vyavasAyavAlI hai, na apUrvakaraNa huI jaba acelatA ko hI eka mAtra mokSamArga mAna liyA gyaa| hameM kI virodhI hai, na naveM guNasthAna se rahita hai, na labdhi se rahita hai yahAM kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hai ki acelatA ke ekAnta Agraha ne hI aura na akalyANa bhAjana hai to phira vaha uttama dharma arthAt mokSa kI isa avadhAraNA ko janma diyA, kyoki zArIrika AvazyakatA evaM ArAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakatI? 17 / sAmAjika maryAdA ke kAraNa strI nagna nahIM raha sktii| nagna hue binA AcArya haribhadra ne ukta yApanIya sandarbha kI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI mukti nahIM hotI, isaliye strI mukta nahIM ho sktii| isI Agraha ke kI hai| ve likhate haiM-jIva hI sarvottama dharma, mokSa kI sAdhanA kara kAraNa gRhasthaliMgasiddha aura anyaliMgasiddha (sagrantha-mukti) kI Agamika sakatA hai aura strI jIva hai, isaliye vaha sarvottama dharma kI ArAdhaka avadhAraNA kA niSedha bhI Avazyaka ho gyaa| Age calakara jaba strI kyoM nahIM ho sakatI? yadi yaha kahA jAya ki sabhI jIva to mukti ko pravrajyA ke ayogya batAne ke liye tarka Avazyaka hue, to yaha ke adhikArI nahIM hai jaise abhavya, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI kahA gayA ki yadi strI, darzana se zuddha tathA mokSamArga se mukta hokara striyA~ to abhavya bhI nahIM hotii| puna: yaha tarka bhI diyA jA sakatA ghora cAritra kA pAlana kara rahI ho, to bhI use pravrajyA nahIM dI jA hai ki sabhI bhavya bhI to mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM hai| jaise-mithyaadRssttisktii| 14 vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaba pravrajyA ko acelatA se bhI bhavyajIva, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ to samyak darzana jor3a diyA gayA taba yaha kahanA Avazyaka ho gayA ki strI paMcamahAvrata ke ayogya bhI nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi isa para yaha kahA jAya rUpa dIkSA kI adhikAriNI nahIM hai| yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA ki strI ke samyagdRSTi hone se kyA hotA hai, pazu bhI samyagdRSTi ho ki jo savastraliMga hai vaha zrAvakoM kA hai| ata: kSullaka evaM ailaka sakatA hai, kintu vaha to mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hotA hai| isa para ke sAtha-sAtha AryikA kI gaNanA bhI zrAvaka/zrAvikA ke varga meM kI yApanIyoM kA pratyuttara yaha hai ki strI pazu nahIM, manuSya hai| puna: yaha
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________________ strI anyatairthika evaM savatra kI mukti kA prazna Apatti uThAI jA sakatI hai ki sabhI manuSya bhI to siddha nahIM hote, jaise anArya kSetra meM yA bhogabhUmi meM utpanna manuSya / isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki striyA~ Arya deza meM bhI to utpanna hotI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki Arya deza meM utpanna hokara bhI asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle arthAt yogalika mukti ke yogya nahIM hote, to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAlI bhI nahIM hotiiN| punaH yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle hokara bhI jo atikrUramati hoM, ve bhI mukti ke pAtra nahIM hote to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ atikrUramati bhI nahIM hotIM kyoMki striyoM meM to saptama naraka kI AyuSya bA~dhane yogya tIvra raudradhyAna kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha usameM atikrUratA ke abhAva kA tathA usake karuNAmaya svabhAva kA pramANa hai aura isaliye usameM mukti ke yogya prakRSTa zubhabhAva kA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki svabhAva se karuNAmaya hokara bhI jo moha ko upazAnta karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, vaha bhI mukti kA adhikArI nahIM hotA, to aisA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki kucha striyoM moha kA upazamana karatI huI dekhI jAtI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki moha kA upazAnta karane para bhI yadi koI vyakti azuddhAcArI hai, to vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatA to isake nirAkaraNa ke liye kahA gayA hai ki sabhI striyA~ azuddhAcArI (durAcArI) nahIM hotiiN| isa para yadi koI tarka kare ki zuddha AcAra vAlI hokara bhI striyA~ zuddha zarIra vAlI nahIM hotI, isaliye ve mokSa kI adhikAriNI nahIM haiM, to isake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki sabhI striyA~ to azuddha zarIra vAlI nahIM hotIM pUrva karmoM ke kAraNa kucha striyoM kI kukSi, stana- pradeza Adi azuci se rahita bhI hote haiN| yaha tarka kundakunda kI avadhAraNA kA spaSTa pratyuttara hai punaH zuddha zarIra vAlI hokara bhI yadi strI paraloka hitakArI pravRtti se rahita ho to mokSa kI adhikAriNI nahIM ho sakatI, parantu aisA bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| kucha striyA~ paraloka sudhArane ke liye prayatnazIla bhI dekhI jAtI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki paraloka hitArtha pravRtti karane vAlI strI bhI yadi apUrvakaraNa Adi se rahita ho, to mukti ke yogya nahIM haiN| kintu zAstra meM strI bhAva ke sAtha apUrvakaraNa kA bhI koI virodha nahIM dikhalAyA gayA hai| isake viparIta zAstra meM strI meM bhI apUrvakaraNa kA sadbhAva pratipAdita hai| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki apUrvakaraNa se yukta hokara bhI yadi koI strI navama guNasthAna ko prApta karane meM ayogya ho to vaha mukti kI adhikAriNI nahIM ho sktii| kintu Agama meM strI meM navama guNasthAna kA bhI sadbhAva pratipAdita hai| punaH yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki navama guNasthAna ko prApta karane meM samartha hone para bhI yadi strI meM labdhi prApta karane kI yogyatA nahIM hai to vaha kaivalya Adi ko prApta nahIM kara pAtI hai| isake pratyuttara meM kahA gayA hai ki vartamAna meM bhI triyoM meM AmarSa-labdhi arthAt zarIra ke maloM kA auSadhi rUpa meM parivartita ho jAnA Adi labdhi spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jAtI hai| ataH vaha labdhi se rahita bhI nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strI labdhi yogya hone para bhI kalyANa - bhAjana na ho to vaha mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara skegii| 401 isake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki striyA~ kalyANa-bhAjana hotI haiM, kyoMki ve to tIrthadUroM ko janma detI haiN| ataH strI uttama dharma arthAt mokSa kI adhikAriNI ho sakatI hai| haribhadra ne isake atirikta siddhoM ke pandraha bhedoM kI carcA karate hue siddhaprAbhRta kA bhI eka sandarbha prastuta kiyA hai| siddhaprAbhRta meM kahA gayA hai ki sabase kama strI tIrthaGgara (tIrthaGkarI) siddha hotI haiN| 18 unakI apekSA strI tIrthaGkara ke tIrtha meM nau tIrthaGkara siddha asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika hote haiN| unakI apekSA strI tIrthaGkara ke tIrtha meM nau tIrthaGkarI siddha (strI zarIra se siddha) asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika hote haiN| siddhaprAbhRta (siddhapAhuDa) eka paryApta prAcIna grantha hai, jisameM siddhoM ke vibhinna anuyogadvAroM kI carcA huI hai| jJAtavya hai ki haribhadra ke samakAlIna siddhasenamaNi ne apane tatvArthabhASya kI vRtti meM siddhaprAbhRta kA eka sandarbha diyA hai|" yaha grantha anumAnataH nandIsUtra ke pazcAt lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI meM nirmita huA hogaa| isa prakAra yApanIya paramparA meM hI sarvaprathama strImukti kA tArkika samarthana karane kA prayAsa huA hai| yaha hama pUrva meM hI kaha cuke haiM ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne strImukti ke samarthana me jo tarka diye haiM ve mukhyataH yApanIyoM kA hI anusaraNa haiN| lalitavistarA meM apanI ora se eka bhI nayA tarka nahIM diyA gayA hai, mAtra yApanIyatantra ke kathana kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zvetAmbaroM ko strImukti niSedhaka paramparA kA jJAna yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI huA, kyoMki kundakunda kI strImukti nivedhaka paramparA sudUra dakSiNa meM hI prasthApita huI thI / ataH usakA uttara bhI dakSiNa meM apane paira jamA rahI yApanIya paramparA ko hI denA pdd'aa| yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ne to strI nirvANa prakaraNa nAmaka svatantra grantha kI hI racanA kI hai| ve apane grantha ke prArambha me hI kahate haiM ki zakti aura mukti ke pradAtA nirmala arhat ke dharma ko praNAma karake maiM saMkSepa meM strI nirvANa aura kevalI bhukti ko khuuNgaa|" isI grantha meM zAkaTAyana kahate haiM ki ratnatraya kI sampadA se yukta hone ke kAraNa puruSa ke samAna hI strI kA bhI nirvANa sambhava hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strItva, ratnatraya kI upalabdhi meM vaise hI bAdhaka hai, jaise devatva Adi, to yaha tumhArA apanA kathana ho sakatA hai| Agama meM aura anya granthoM meM isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| eka sAdhvI jina vacanoM ko samajhatI hai, una para zraddhA rakhatI hai aura unakA nirdoSa rUpa se pAlana karatI hai, isaliye ratnatraya kI sAdhanA kA strItva se koI bhI virodha nahIM hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ratnatraya kI sAdhanA strItva ke liye azakya hai tathA jo adRSTa arthAt azakya hai usake sAtha asaMgati batAne kA to koI artha hI nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strI meM sAtaveM naraka meM jAne kI yogyatA kA abhAva hai, isaliye vaha nirvANa prApti ke yogya nahIM hai| kintu aisA avinAbhAva yA vyApti sambandha dvArA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jo sAtaveM naraka meM nahIM jA sakatA vaha nirvANa ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| carama zarIrI jIva tadbhava meM bhI sAtaveM naraka meM nahIM jA sakate, kintu tadbhava mokSa jAte haiM punaH aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki jo jitanA nimra .
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________________ 402 jaina vidyA ke gati meM jA sakatA hai, utanA hI ucca gati meM jA sakatA hai| kucha prANI aise haiM jo nimna gati meM bahuta nimna sthiti taka nahIM jAte, kintu ve sabhI ucca gati meM bhI samAna rUpa se jAte haiM, jaise sammUrcchima jIva prathama naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, parisarpa Adi dvitIya naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, pakSI tRtIya naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, catuSpada caturtha naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, sarpa paMcama naraka se Age nahIM jA skte| isa prakAra nimna gati meM jAne se ina saba meM bhinnatA hai, kintu uccagati meM ye sabhI sahasrAra svarga taka binA kisI bhedabhAva ke jA sakate haiN| isaliye yaha kahanA ki jo jitanI nimna gati taka jAne meM sakSama hotA hai, vaha utanI hI ucca gati taka jAne meM sakSama hotA hai, tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / adhogati meM jAne kI ayogyatA se ucca gati meM jAne kI ayogyatA siddha nahIM hotii| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vAda Adi kI labdhi se rahita, dRSTivAda ke adhyayana se vaMcita, jinakalpa ko dhAraNa karane meM asamartha aura mana:paryaya jJAna ko prApta na kara pAne ke kAraNa strI kI mukti nahIM ho sakatI, to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki jisa prakAra Agama meM jambUsvAmI pazcAt ina jina bAtoM ke viccheda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra strI ke liye mokSa ke viccheda kA bhI ullekha honA cAhiye thaa| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki zrI dIkSA kI adhikAriNI na hone ke kAraNa mokSa kI adhikAriNI nahIM hai, to phira AgamoM meM dIkSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM kI sUcI meM jisa prakAra zizu ko dudha pilAne vAlI strI tathA garbhiNI strI Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA, usI prakAra sAmAnya strI kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAnA cAhiye thaa| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa strI mokSa prApti kI adhikAriNI nahIM hai athavA dUsare zabdoM meM vastrarUpI parigraha hI usakI mukti meM bAdhaka hai to phira pratilekhana kA grahaNa Adi bhI mukti meM bAdhaka kyoM nahIM hoMge? yadi pratilekhana kA grahaNa, usakA saMyama upakaraNa hone ke kAraNa parigraha ke antargata nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to strI ke liye vastra bhI jinopadiSTa saMyamopakaraNa hai, ataH use parigraha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? yadyapi vastra parigraha hai, phira bhI bhagavAn ne sAdhviyoM ke liye saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM usako grahaNa karane kI anumati dI hai, kyoMki vastra ke abhAva meM unake liye sampUrNa cAritra kA hI niSedha ho jAyegA, ataH vastra dhAraNa karane meM alpa doSa hote hue bhI saMyama pAlana hetu usakI anumati dI gaI hai| jo saMyama ke pAlana meM upakArI hotA hai, vaha dharmopakaraNa yA saMyamopakaraNa kahA jAtA hai, parigraha nhiiN| ataH nirmanthI kA vastra saMyamopakaraNa hai, parigraha nahIM / AgamoM meM sAdhvI ke liye nirgranthI zabda kA prayoga sarvatra huA hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki vastra grahaNa parigraha hI hai to phira Agama meM usake liye isa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhiye thA, kyoMki nirgrantha kA artha hai parigraha se rahita yadi saMyamopakaraNa parigraha hai to phira koI muni bhI nirgrantha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi eka vyakti vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se susajjita bhI hai kintu usake mana meM unake AyAma khaNDa - 6 prati koI mamatva nahIM ho to vaha aparigrahI kahA jaayegaa| isake viparIta eka vyakti jo nagna rahatA hai kintu usameM mamatva aura mUrcchA kA bhAva hai to vaha acela hokara bhI parigrahI hI kahA jaayegaa| sAdhvI isaliye vastra dhAraNa nahIM karatI hai ki usameM vastra ke prati koI mamatva hai apitu vaha vastra ko jinAjJA mAnakara hI dhAraNa karatI hai punaH vastra usake liye usI prakAra parigraha nahIM hai, jisa prakAra yadi kisI dhyAnastha nagnamuni ke zarIra para upasarga ke nimitta se DAlA gayA vastra usa muni ke liye parigraha nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta eka nagna vyakti bhI yadi apane zarIra ke prati mamatva bhAva rakhatA hai to vaha parigrahI hI kahA jAyegA aura aisA vyakti nagna hokara bhI mokSa prApti ke ayogya hI hotA hai| jabaki vaha vyakti jisameM mamatvabhAva kA pUrNataH abhAva hai, zarIra dhAraNa karate hue bhI aparigraha hI kahA jaaygaa| ataH jinAzA / ke kAraNa saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra dhAraNa karate hue bhI niyamavAna strI aparigrahI hI hai aura mokSa kI adhikAriNI bhii| jisa prakAra jantuoM se vyApta isa loka meM muni ke dvArA dravyahiMsA hotI rahane para bhI kaSAya ke abhAva meM vaha ahiMsaka hI mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vastra ke sadbhAva meM bhI nirmamatva ke kAraNa sAdhvI aparigrahI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadi hama hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA bAhya ghaTanAoM arthAt dravya hiMsA (jIvaghAta) ke AdhAra para na karake vyakti ke manobhAvoM arthAt kaSAyoM kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para karate haiM, to phira parigraha ke liye bhI yahI kasauTI mAnanI hogii| yadi hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hone para bhI kaSAya evaM pramAda kA abhAva hone se muni ahiMsaka hI rahatA hai, to phira vastra ke hote hue bhI mUrcchA ke abhAva meM sAdhvI aparigrahI kyoM nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| strI kA cAritra vastra ke binA nahIM hotA aisA arhat ne kahA hai| to phira sthavirakalpI Adi ke samAna usakI mukti kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ? jJAtavya hai ki sthavirakalpI muni bhI jinAjJA ke anurUpa vastra pAtra Adi grahaNa karate haiN| punaH arza, bhagandara Adi rogoM meM jinakalpI acela muni ko bhI vastra grahaNa karanA hotA hai ataH unakI bhI mukti sambhava nahIM ho sktii| punaH acelakatva utsarga-mArga hai, yaha bAta jaba taka siddha nahIM hogI taba taka sacela mArga ko apavAda mArga nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| utsarga bhI apavAda sApekSa hai / apavAda ke abhAva meM utsarga, utsarga nahIM raha jaataa| yadi acelatA utsarga-mArga hai to sacelatA bhI apavAdamArga hai, donoM hI mArga haiM, amArga koI bhI nahIM haiM ataH donoM se hI mukti mAnanI hogii| punaH jisa taraha AgamoM meM ATha varSa ke bAlaka Adi kI dIkSA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra AgamoM meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti tIsa varSa kI Ayu ko pAra kara cukA ho aura jisakI dIkSA ko unnIsa varSa vyatIta ho gaye hoM, vahI jinakalpa kI dIkSA kA adhikArI hai| yadi mukti ke liye jinakalpa arthAt nagnatA Avazyaka hotI, to yaha bhI kahA jAnA cAhie thA ki tIsa varSa me kama umra kA vyakti mukti ke ayogya hai| kintu sabhI paramparAe~ eka mata se .
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________________ 403 strI, anyatairthika evaM savastra kI mukti kA prazna yaha mAnatI haiM ki mukti ke liye tIsa varSa kI Ayu honA Avazyaka bhI siddha-kSetra ullikhita nahIM hai to yaha bAta aneka puruSoM ke sambandha nahIM hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isakA artha huA ki jinakalpa arthAt nagnatA meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| sabhI puruSoM ke siddha-kSetra to prasiddha ke binA bhI mukti sambhava hai, ataH strImukti sambhava hai| nahIM haiN| AgamoM meM saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu rUpa bahuta prakAra kI tapa yadi yaha tarka prastuta kiyA jAya ki striyoM meM puruSArtha kI kamI vidhiyoM kA nirdeza hai| jisa prakAra yoga aura cikitsA kI aneka hotI hai isaliye ve mukti kI adhikAriNI nahIM hai, kintu hama dekhate vidhiyA~ hotI haiM aura vyakti kI apanI prakRti ke anusAra unameM se haiM ki AgamoM meM brAhmI, sundarI, rAjImati, candanA Adi aneka striyoM koI eka hI vidhi upakArI siddha hotI hai, sabake liye eka hI vidhi ke ullekha haiM jo puruSArtha aura sAdhanA meM puruSoM se kama nahIM thiiN| upakArI siddha nahIM hotI; usI prakAra AcAra meM bhI koI jinakalpa ata: yaha tarka bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kI sAdhanA ke yogya hotA hai to koI sthavirakalpa kI sAdhanA ke| puna: eka tarka yaha bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki jo vyakti bahuta isaliye vastra kA tyAga hone se strI ke liye mokSa kA abhAva nahIM pApI.aura mithyAdRSTikoNa se yukta hotA hai vahI strI ke rUpa meM janma hai, kyoMki mokSa ke liye to ratnatraya ke atirikta anya koI bhI bAta letA hai| samyagdRSTi prANI strI ke rUpa meM janma hI nahIM letaa| tAtparya Avazyaka nahIM hai| yaha hai ki strI-zarIra kA grahaNa pApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hotA hai isaliye puna: strI kI nanadIkSA kA niSedha kara dene kA artha bhI usakI strI-zarIra mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| sAtha hI digambara paramparA yaha bhI mukti kI yogyatA kA niSedha nahIM hai, kyoMki jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA mAnatI hai ki eka samyagdRSTi vyakti strI, pazu-strI, prathama naraka ke ke liye una vyaktiyoM kI pravrajyA kA niSedha bhI kiyA jAtA hai jo bAda ke naraka, bhUta-pizAca Adi aura devI ke rUpa meM janma nahIM letaa| ratnatraya ke pAlana meM sakSama hote haiN| tAtparya hai ki kisI ke acela pApI AtmA hI ina zarIroM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ata: strI-zarIra mukti dIkSA ke niSedha se usakI mukti kA niSedha siddha nahIM hotA hai| ke yogya nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM yApanIyoM kA kathana hai ki digambara yadi yaha kahA jAya ki striyA~ isaliye siddha nahIM ho sakatI paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA pramANarahita hai| dUsare jaba samyagdarzana kA udaya haiM kyoMki ve muniyoM ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM hotI, jaisA ki Agama hotA hai, taba sabhI karma mAtra eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI sthiti meM kahA gayA hai ki sau varSa kI dIkSitA sAdhvI bhI eka dina ke nava ke raha jAte haiM, 69 koTAkoTi sAgaropama sthiti ke karma to mithyAdRSTi dIkSita muni ko vandana kre| isake pratyuttara meM zAkaTAyana kahate haiM vyakti bhI samApta kara sakatA hai| ata: samyagdarzana kA udaya hone ki muni ke dvArA vandanIya na hone se unheM mokSa ke ayogya mAnoge para striyA~ avaziSTa mAtra eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama ke karmoM ko kyoM to phira yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki arhat (tIrthaGkara) ke dvArA vandanIya kSaya nahIM kara sakatI? phira bhI strI meM karma-kSaya karane kI zakti kA na hone se koI bhI vyakti mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hogA kyoMki arhat abhAva mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| to kisI ko bhI vandana nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra sthavirakalpI muni, punaH AgamoM meM strImukti ke ullekha bhI haiN| mathurAgama meM kahA jinakalpI muni ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM haiM, ata: yaha bhI mAnanA hogA gayA hai ki eka samaya meM adhikatama 108 puruSa, 20 striyA~ aura ki sthavirakalpI muni bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| isI prakAra jina, 10 napuMsaka siddha ho sakate haiN|21 jJAtavya hai ki yaha ullekha gaNadhara ko vandana nahIM karate haiM, ata: gaNadhara bhI mokSa ke adhikArI uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA hai, jisakI mAthurIvAcanA yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya nahIM haiN| yaha laukika vyavahAra mukti kA kAraNa nahIM hai| mukti kA kAraNa thii| isake atirikta Agama meM strI ke 14 guNasthAna kahe gaye haiN| to vrata-pAlana hai aura vrata-pAlana meM strI-puruSa samAna hI mAne sambhavataH zAkaTAyana kA yaha nirdeza SaTkhaNDAgama ke prasaMga meM hai| gae haiN| jJAtavya hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama digambaroM ko bhI mAnya hai| isa vacana ke sabhI sAMsArika viSayoM meM to striyA~ puruSoM se nimna hI mAnI prati digambara paramparA kA yaha kahanA hai ki yahA~ strI se tAtparya bhAvastrI jAtI haiN| ata: mokSa ke sambandha meM bhI unheM nimna hI kyoM nahIM mAnA (strIvedI jIva) arthAt usa puruSa se hai jisakA svabhAva straiNa ho| isa jAnA cAhie? tIrthaGkara pada bhI to kevala puruSa ko hI prApta hotA sambandha meM zAkaTAyana kA pratyuttara yaha hai ki kisI zabda kA dUsarA hai isalie puruSa hI mukti kA adhikArI hai| isake pratyuttara meM yApanIyoM gauNa artha hote hue bhI, jaba taka usa sandarbha meM usakA prathama artha kA tarka yaha hai ki tIrthaGkara to kevala kSatriya hote haiM, brAhmaNa, zUdra, upayukta ho taba taka dUsarA gauNa artha nahIM liyA jA sktaa| pratyeka vaizya to tIrthaGkara nahIM hote, to phira kyA yaha mAnA jAya ki brAhmaNa, zabda kA apanA eka nizcita rUr3ha artha hotA hai aura binA paryApta zUdra, vaizya mukti ke adhikArI nahIM hote? puna: siddha na to strI hai, kAraNa ke usa nizcita rUr3ha artha kA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| na puruss| ata: siddha kA liMga se koI sambandha hI nahIM hai| punaH jaba taka vyutpattilabhya artha yA rUr3ha artha grAhya hai, taba taka dUsarA yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki striyA~ kapaTavRtti vAlI yA mAyAvI artha lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| strI zabda strIzarIradhArI arthAt hotI haiM to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki vyavahAra meM to puruSa bhI mAyAvI stana, garbhAzaya Adi se yukta prANI ke liye hI prayukta hotA hai| yahA~ dekhe jAte haiN| (SaTkhaNDAgama ke prastuta prasaMga meM) strI zabda kA anya koI artha usI punaH yAda yaha kahA jAya ki puruSa ke samAna striyoM kA koI prakAra nirarthaka hai jaise koI agniputra nAmaka vyakti kA artha agni se
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________________ 404 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 utpanna putra kre| punaH jaba AgamoM meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki strI chaThe jaina paramparA meM veda aura liMga alaga-alaga zabda rahe haiN| liMga kA naraka se Age nahIM jAtI, vahA~ Apa strI zabda ko usake mukhya artha tAtparya zArIrika saMracanA athavA bAhya cihnoM se hotA hai jabaki veda meM leM aura Age jaba Agama meM yaha kahA jAye ki strI meM caudaha guNasthAna kA tAtparya kAmavAsanA sambandhI manobhAvoM se hotA hai| hote haiM to vahA~ strI ko usake gauNa artha arthAt bhAvastrI ke rUpa meM sAmAnyatayA jaisI zarIra-racanA hotI hai, tadrUpa hI veda arthAt leM, yaha ucita nahIM hai| zAkaTAyana yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se vIrasena ke kAma-vAsanA kA udaya hotA hai| yadi kisI vyakti meM apanI zarIraSaTakhaNDAgama ke satprarUpaNAkhaNDa ke 93veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA para kaTAkSa racanA se bhinna prakAra kI kAmavAsanA pAI jAtI hai to yaha mAnanA hogA karate hue pratIta hote haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM satprarupaNA kI gatimArgaNA ki usa vyakti meM puruSa aura strI arthAt donoM prakAra kI kAmavAsanA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki paryApta manuSyanI meM saMyatAsaMyata, saMyata Adi hai| parantu Agama kI dRSTi se aisA vyakti napuMsakaliMgI kahA gayA hai| guNasthAna hote haiN| vIrasena ne yahA~ manuSyanI zabda kI bhAva-strI yA jaina-paramparA meM napuMsaka zabda kA tAtparya puruSatva se hIna arthAt strI strI-vedI puruSa aisI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha zAkaTAyana ko svIkArya kA bhoga karane meM asamartha vyakti, aisA nahIM hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra nahIM hai| zAkaTAyana kA spaSTa mata hai ki Agama (SaTkhaNDAgama) meM napuMsaka vaha hai, jisameM ubhayaliMga kI kAmavAsanAe~ upasthita ho| puna: jo manuSyanI zabda prayukta huA hai vahA~ usakA mukhya artha 'strI' hI zAkaTAyana kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki yadi kisI puruSa kA kAma-vyavahAra grAhya hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ manuSyanI kA artha strIvedI puruSa (straiNa- dUsarI strI ke sAtha puruSavat ho to yaha usakI apanI vikRta kAmavAsanA puruSa) isalie bhI grAhya nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha carcA gatimArgaNA kA hI rUpa hai| kabhI-kabhI to manuSya pazuoM se bhI apanI kAmavAsanA ke sandarbha meM hai, vedamArgaNA ke sambandha meM nahIM hai| vedamArgaNA kI kI pUrti karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| kyA aisI sthiti meM hama yaha mAneMge carcA to Age kI hI gaI hai| ata: prastuta sandarbha meM 'manuSyanI' kA ki usameM pazu sambandhI kAmavAsanA hai? vastuta: yaha usakI apanI artha strI-vedI manuSya/bhAva-strI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAmavAsanA kA hI eka vikRta rUpa hai| puna: yadi yaha kahA jAya ki puna: strIveda (kAmavAsanA) kI upasthiti meM to mukti sambhava hI Agama meM vigata veda (bhavoM) kI apekSA se strI meM caudaha guNasthAna nahIM hotI hai, veda to naveM guNasthAna meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai| kintu mAne gae haiM to phira vigata bhava kI apekSA se deva meM bhI caudaha guNasthAna strIveda zarIra kI upasthiti meM sambhava hai, kyoki zarIra to caudahaveM sambhava hoMge, kintu Agama meM unameM to caudaha guNasthAna nahIM kahe gae guNasthAna arthAta mukti ke lakSaNa taka rahatA hai| haiN| vastuta: Agama meM jo manuSyanI meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kI sambhAvanA punaH puruSa zarIra meM strIveda arthAt puruSa dvArA bhoge jAne sambandhI svIkAra kI gaI hai, vaha strIveda ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu strIliMga kAma-vAsanA athavA strI-zarIra meM puruSaveda arthAt strI kI bhogane sambandhI (strIrUpI zarIra-racanA) ke AdhAra para hI hai| Agama meM gatimArgaNA kAma-vAsanA kA udaya mAnanA bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM ke sandarbha meM manuSyanI meM paryApta guNasthAnoM kI carcA huI hai| ata: hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAyegA ki puruSa kI AMgika saMracanA meM strI rUpa manuSyanI kA artha bhAvastrI arthAt straiNa-vAsanA se yukta puruSa karanA se bhoge jAnA aura strI. kI zArIrika racanA meM puruSa rUpa se strI ko upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki bhAva yA veda kI carcA to bhinna anuyogadvAroM bhoga karanA sambhava hotA hai to phira samaliMgI vivAha-vyavasthA ko bhI meM kI gaI hai| ata: Agama (SaTakhaNDAgama) meM manuSyanI kA artha bhAvamAnanA hogaa| sAtha hI yadi puruSa meM strIveda kA udaya arthAt dUsare strI na hokara dravya-strI hI hai aura yadi AgamAnusAra manuSyanI meM caudaha puruSa ke dvArA strI rUpa meM bhoge jAne sambandhI kAmavAsanA kA udaya guNasthAna sambhava haiM to phira usakI mukti bhI sambhava hai| isa prakAra sambhava mAneMge, to phira muniyoM kA paraspara sAtha meM rahanA bhI sambhava yApanIya paramparA Agamika AdhAroM para strImukti kI samarthaka rahI hai| nahIM hogA, kyoMki kisI zramaNa meM kaba strIveda kA udaya ho jAya, yaha kahanA kaThina hogA aura strIvedI zramaNa ke sAtha puruSavedI zramaNa anyatairthika aura gRhasthamukti kA prazna kA rahanA zramaNAcAra niyamoM ke viruddha hogaa| kisI bhI vyakti meM bhinna- strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha do anya prazna bhI jur3e hue haiM, ve haiM liMgI kAmavAsanA kA udaya mAnanA sambhava nahIM hai| vyavahAra meM bAhya anyatairthika kI mukti evaM savastramukti (gRhsthmukti)| yaha spaSTa hai ki zarIra racanA ke AdhAra para hI nirNaya liye jAte haiN| samalaiMgika kAmapravRtti uttarAdhyayanasUtra jaise prAcIna jaina AgamoM se strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha yA pazu-manuSya kAmapravRtti vastuta: aprAkRtika maithuna yA vikRta anyatairthikoM (anya liMga) aura gRhasthoM kI mukti ko bhI svIkAra kiyA kAmavAsanA ke rUpa haiM. zarIra-racanA se bhinna veda (kAmavAsanA) kA gayA hai| unakI mAnyatA yaha thI ki vyakti cAhe kisI anya paramparA udaya nahIM hotA hai| ata: manuSyanI zabda kA artha stana, yoni Adi meM dIkSita huA ho yA gRhastha hI ho, yadi vaha samabhAva kI sAdhanA se yukta manuSyanI (mAnava strI) hI hai, na ki strI sambandhI kAmavAsanA meM pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai, rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara vItarAgadazA se yukta puruss| punaH isa kathana kA koI pramANa bhI nahIM hai ki puruSa ___ ko prApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha anyatairthika yA gRhastha ke veza meM bhI zarIra-racanA se straiNa kAmavAsanA kA udaya hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM mukti ko prApta ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zarIra kI apekSA yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki strI-zarIra meM bhI puruSa sambandhI kAmavAsanA se strI, puruSa evaM napuMsaka kI tathA veza kI apekSA se sva-liMga arthAt strI ko bhogane kI icchA utpanna hotI hogii| jJAtavya hai ki (nirgrantha muniveza),anya-liMga (tApasa Adi anyatairthika ke veza meM)
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________________ strI, anyatairthika evaM savastra kI mukti kA prazna 405 evaM gRhI-liMga (gRhasthaveza) se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA grantha meM strI, anyatairthika evaM gRhastha kI mukti ke spaSTa niSedha sambandhI gayA hai|22 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM nami, bAhuka, asitadevala, nArAyaNa Adi koI bhI ullekha nahIM mile haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sUtrakRtAMga aura RSiyoM ke dvArA anya paramparA ke AcAra evaM vezabhUSA kA anusaraNa uttarAdhyayana meM to spaSTa rUpa se ina tInoM kI mukti kA ullekha haA karate hue bhI siddhi prApta karane kA spaSTa ullekha hai|23 RSibhASita hai, yaha hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiN| kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ke samaya meM aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM anya zramaNa-paramparA ke RSiyoM ko arhat se hI jaina vidvAnoM meM yaha matabheda astitva meM hai| hamArI dRSTi meM kundakunda RSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA hai|24 vastuta: mukti kA sambandha bhI pUjyapAda ke samakAlIna lagabhaga chaThI zatI ke hI haiN| ata: pUjyapAda AtmA kI vizuddhi se hai| usakA bAhya veza yA strI-puruSa Adi ke ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne bhI sUtraprAbhRta28 meM 'vastradhArI' kI mukti kA niSedha zarIra se koI sambandha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AcArya ratnazekharasUri kahate kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki-"yadi tIrthaGkara bhI vastradhArI ho to vaha haiM ki vyakti cAhe zvetAmbara ho, digambara ho, bauddha yA anya kisI bhI mukta nahIM ho sakatA" isa niSedha meM strI, anyatairthika evaM gRhastha dharma-paramparA kA ho, yadi vaha samabhAva se yukta hai to mukti avazya tInoM kI mukti kA hI niSedha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ye tInoM hI vastradhArI prApta kregaa|25 cU~ki yApanIya bhI Agamika paramparA ke anuyAyI the, haiN| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM kundakunda evaM pUjyapAda ke kAla ata: yApanIya zAkaTAyana ne isa sambandha meM Agama-pramANa kA ullekha se strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika evaM gRhastha kI mukti kA bhI kiyA hai| ve strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthikamukti ke bhI samarthaka niSedha kara diyA gyaa| vastuta: koI bhI dharma paramparA jaba sAmpradAyika the| kintu jaba acelatA ko hI ekamAtra mokSa-mArga svIkAra karake mUrchAdi saMkIrNatAoM meM simaTatI jAtI hai to usameM anya paramparAoM ke prati bhAvaparigraha ke sAtha-sAtha vastra-pAtrAdi dravya-parigraha kA bhI pUrNa tyAga udAratA samApta hotI jAtI hai| anyatairthikoM evaM gRhasthoM kI mukti Avazyaka mAna liyA gayA to yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki strImukti kA niSedha isI kA pariNAma thaa| ke niSedha ke sAtha hI sAtha anyatairthika aura gRhasthoM kI mukti kA paravartI zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM meM isa sambandha meM jo bhI bhI niSedha kara diyA gayA / digambara paramparA meM cU~ki acelatA ko carcAe~ huIM, vaha mukhya rUpa se strImukti ke prazna ko lekara huiiN| gRhastha hI ekamAtra mokSa-mArga mAnA gayA thA, isaliye usane yaha mAnA ki evaM anyatairthika kI mukti kA prazna vastuta: strI ke prazna se hI jur3A anyatairthika yA gRhasthaveza meM koI bhI vyakti mukta nahIM ho sktaa| huA thaa| ata: paravartI sAhitya meM ina donoM ke sambandha meM pakSa va isake viparIta zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate vipakSa meM kucha likhA gayA ho, aisA mujhe jJAta nahIM hai| tattvArthazlokavArtika 29 rahe ki yadi vyakti kI rAgAtmakatA yA mamatvavRtti samApta ho gayI meM vidyAnanda ne ekamAtra tarka yaha diyA hai ki 'yadi sagrantha avasthA hai to bAhyarUpa se vaha cAhe gRhasthaveza dhAraNa kiye hue ho usakI meM mukti hotI hai to phira parigraha-tyAga kI kyA AvazyakatA hai?' mukti meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| tattvArthabhASya'6 meM tattvArthasUtra ke dasaveM jisa prakAra yApanIya AcArya 'zAkaTAyana' ne aura zvetAmbara AcArya adhyAya ke sAtaveM sUtra kA bhASya karate hue umAsvAti ne veza kI haribhadra Adi ne strImukti ke samarthana meM vividha tarka diye usI prakAra apekSA se dravya-liMga ke tIna bheda kiye-(1) sva-liMga, (2) gRha- ke tarka gRhastha yA anyatairthika kI mukti ke sambandha meM yApanIya evaM liMga, (3) anya-liMga aura yaha batAyA ki ina tInoM liMgoM se mukti zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne nahIM diye haiN| sambhavata: isakA kAraNa yahI rahA ho bhI sakatI hai, aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra umAsvAti ki jaba eka bAra sacela strI kI mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra kI jAtI anyatairthikoM evaM gRhasthoM kI mukti ko vikalpa se svIkAra karate haiM, hai to phira gRhastha aura anyatairthika kI mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra kintu isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM pUjyapAda sarvArthasiddhi meM dravya-liMga karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI, kyoMki gRhastha aura anyatairthika kI kI dRSTi se nirgrantha-liMga se hI siddhi mAnate haiN| yadyapi unhoMne yaha mukti kA prazna sIdhA strImukti kI samasyA ke sAtha jur3A huA thaa| mAnA hai ki bhUtapUrva naya kI apekSA se sagrantha-liMga se bhI siddhi hotI ata: usa para svatantra rUpa se pakSa va vipakSa meM adhika carcA nahIM huI hai| hai|27 kintu tattvArthasUtra ke prastuta sUtra (10/7) meM siddha jIvoM kA jahA~ taka yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai ve strImukti ke sAthakSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tIrtha Adi kI apekSA se jo vicAra kiyA sAtha gRhastha evaM anyatairthika kI mukti svIkAra karate the| yApanIya gayA hai, vaha unake mukti prApta karane ke samaya kI sthiti ke sandarbha granthoM se isa tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| AcArya hariSeNa ke meM hai| ata: bhUtapUrva naya kA yahA~ koI prayojana hI nahIM hai| kyoMki 'bRhatkathAkoza'30 meM spaSTa rUpa se gRhasthamukti kA ullekha hai| isameM yadi bhUtapUrva naya se kahanA hotA to usameM to sabhI liMga, sabhI veda, kahA gayA hai ki aNuvrata, guNavrata, zikSAvrata se anvita aura maunavrata sabhI gati, sabhI kSetra Adi se mukti mAnI jA sakatI thii| bhUtapUrva se samanvita mumukSu siddhi ko prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra harivaMza purANa naya kA kathana mAtra Agama aura apanI paramparA ke madhya saMgati biThAne (jinasena aura hariSeNa) meM bhI anyatairthika kI mukti kA ullekha kiyA hetu kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI isase yaha to phalita hotA hI hai ki gayA hai| usake bayAlIsaveM sarga meM nArada ko 'antyadeha' kahA gayA pUjyapAda ke samaya meM digambara paramparA meM anyatairthika aura gRhasthamukti hai| punaH usake paisaThaveM sarga meM to spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se A gayI thii| pUjyapAda kI ki "narazreSTha nArada ne pravrajita hokara tapasyA ke bala se bhavaparamparA sarvArthaTIkA se pahale hameM zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke kisI bhI kA kSaya karake akSaya mokSa ko prApta kiyaa|32 isake viparIta digambara
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________________ 406 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 granthoM meM nArada ko narakagAmI kahA gayA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika evaM gRhasthoM kI mukti kI sambhAvanA hai ki yApanIya paramparA, zvetAmbara paramparA kI hI taraha udAra thI aura ko bhI svIkAra karatI thii| sandarbha 1. itthI purisasiddhA ya taheva ya npuNsgaaH| saliMge anna liMge ya gihiliMge taheva ya / / saMpAdaka-sAdhvI caMdanAjI, uttarAdhyayana, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 36/49. (a) jJAtAdharmakathA, aSTama adhyayana ke anta meM malli ke tIrthaGkara evaM mukta hone kA ullekha hai| (ba) antakRddazAMga varga ATha ke sabhI adhyayanoM ke anta meM strImukti ke ullekha haiN| 3. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1. pR0 181 evaM bhAga 2, pR0 212. 4. aSTaprAbhRta suttapAhuDa, prakA0 paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, gAthA 23-26. M.A. Dhaky "The Date of Kundakundacharya", Aspects of Jainology, Vol. III, Pt. D.D. Malvania Felicitation Volume, P.V. Research Institute, 1991, p. 187. tattvArthabhASya, saMpA0 paM0 khUbacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, prakA0 zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 1932, 10/7. 7. sarvArthasiddhi, saMpA0- paM0 phUlacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955, 10/9. rAjavArtika, saMpA0- mahendra kumAra jaina, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1953, 10/9. aSTaprAbhRta suttapAhuDa, prakA0 paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, gAthA titthaNo titthasiddhA titthakarI titthe titthasiddhA titthakarI titthe titthsiddhaao| tattvArthAdhimagasUtra-svopajJabhASyeNa zrI siddhasenagaNikRta TIkAyAM ca samalaMkRtam, prakA0 jIvacaMda sAkaracaMda jhaverI, sUrata, 1930, dvitIya vibhAga 10/7, pR0 308 20. praNipatya muktimukti pramadamalaM dharmamahato dishtH| vakSye strInirvANaM kevalibhuktiM saMkSepAt / / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa, 'strImuktiprakaraNa', saMpA0- hIrAlAla jaina evaM e0ena0 upAdhye, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1971, zloka 1, pR0 121. 21. dasa ceva napuMsesu vIsaM itthiyAsu y| purisesu ya aTThasayaM samaeNegeNa sijjhaI / / uttarAdhyayana saMpA0ratanalAla dozI, zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 36/51 22. itthI purisasiddhA ya taheva ya npuNsgaa| saliMge annaliMge ya gihiliMge taheva ya / / vahI, 36/49. 23. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, saMpA0- madhukaramuni, zrI AgamaprakAzana samiti, byAvara 1982, 1/3/4/1-1. 24. devanArade arahatA isiNA buiyN| isibhAsiyAI, sampAdaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 1/1 // 25. sayaMbaro ya AsaMbaro ya buddho ya aheva anno vaa| samabhAvabhAviappA laheya mukkhaM na saMdeho / / sambodhasattarI, 2. 26. liMge punaranyo vikalpa ucyate-dravyaliMga bhAvaliMga aliNgmiti| pratyutpanna bhAvaprajJApanIya praaptsiddhyti| tattvArthabhASya, saMpA0-60 khUbacanda siddhAnta zAstrI, prakA0 zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, 1932, 10/7. 27. liMgena kena siddhi? avedatvena tribhyoM vA vedabhyaH siddhibhavito na dravyata: pulliNgenev| athavA nirgrnthliNgen| saMgrathaliMgena vA siddhirbhUtapUrva nyaapekssyaa| sarvArthasiddhi, sampAdaka phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1978, pR0 472. 28. sUtraprAbhRta, 23. 29. sAkSannigraMthAliMgena pArampattitonyata: sAkSAtsagraMthaliMgena siddhau nimranthatA vRthaa| tattvArthazlokavArtika, saMpA0- paM0 mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957, 10/9. 30. bRhatkathAkoza, saMpA0- e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI, vi0 saM0 1999, 57/562. 31. antyadehaH prakRtyaiva ni:kssaayoepysaukssitau| harivaMzapurANa, saMpA0 pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1962, 42/22. 32. vahI, 65/24. 23. 10. vahI, gAthA 24. 11. vahI, gAthA 25-26 12. Padmanabh S. Jaini, Gender and Salvation, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (P) Ltd. New Delhi, 1992, p. 4. 13. Navi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthyro| Naggo vimokkha maggo sesAummaggayA savve / / -aSTaprAbhRta, suttapAhuDa, prakAzaka paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa. gAthA 23 / 14. vahI, gAthA 25. 15. vahI, gAthA 26. 16. vahI, gAthA 24. 17. haribhadra lalitavistara, prakA0 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vi0 saM0 1990, pR0 57-59. 18. savvatthoA tityayarisiddhA tithyayarititthe, NotitthayarasiddhA asaMkhejja guNa titthayarititthe, No titthayarisiddhA asaMkhejja gunno| -siddhaprAbhRta, uddhRta lalitavistarA, pR0 56. atthititthakarasiddha titthakaratitthe, ne titthasiddhA titthakara titthe, titthasiddhA titthakaratitthe tittha siddhANo, titthakarIsiddhA titthakarI 19.