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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM cAturmAsa kI sArthaka paramparA 0 pro. DaoN rAjArAma jaina zramaNa-paraMparA meM cAturmAsa kI sAdhanA kA vizeSa mahatva hai| prAcIna kAla se hI jaina zramaNa va zramaNiyAM cAturmAsa ke cAra mahInoM taka eka hI sthAna para rahate Aye haiM ataH yaha kAla dharma kI sAdhanA evaM usake prasAra-pracAra kA uttama avasara hai| prAcIna kAla meM zramaNoM va zramaNiyoM ne aneka hastalikhita grantha isI kAla meM likhe va saMpAdita kiye| jinavANI kA pracAra, jJAna kI sAdhanA, sAhitya kA prasAra tathA samAja vikAsa kI aneka yojanAe~ Aja bhI isI kAlAvadhi meM hI paripUrNa hotI hai| vartamAna kAla meM cAturmAsa ko sArthaka banAne ke sujhAva de rahe haiM - DaoN. zrI rAjArAma jain| - saMpAdaka sArthakatA : cAturmAsa kI zramaNa-paramparA kI surakSA evaM vikAsa meM cAturmAsoM , kA vizeSa mahatva hai| usakA saMvidhAna sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie to hai hI, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke lie bhI usakA vizeSa mahatva hai| cAhe dharma-pracAra athavA pravacana karanA ho. cAhe dharma-pravacana-heta Atma-vizvAsa jAgata karanA ho, cAhe ekAnta-svAdhyAya karanA ho, cAhe Atma-cintana karanA ho, cAhe gambhIra-lekhana-kArya karanA ho, cAhe prAcIna- zAstroM kA pratilipi kArya karanA ho, aura cAhe unakA ekAgramana se sampAdana evaM saMzodhana-kArya karanA ho athavA saMgha, dharma, jinavANI evaM samAja ke saMrakSaNa tathA unakI vikAsa-sambandhI vistRta yojanAe~ banAnI ho, ina sabhI ke lie cAturmAsa-kAla apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai| zrAvakazrAvikAoM kI bhale hI apanI gArhasthika sImAe~ hoM, phira bhI ve ukta sabhI kAyoM meM svayaM tathA ukta kAryoM ke saMyojakoM/sUtradhAroM ko bhI yathAzakti sakriya yogadAna dekara cAturmAsa ko sArthaka banA sakate haiN| cAturmAsa : anukUla samaya cAturmAsa kA samaya bhAratIya Rtu-vibhAjana ke anusAra varSA ke cAra mahInoM taka mAnA gayA hai| cUMki jAr3e evaM grISNa kI RtuoM meM sUrya evaM candra kI sampUrNa kiraNe pRthvI-maNDala ko milatI rahatI haiN| unake prabhAva ke kAraNa samUcchana jAvA kA utpAtta eva utpAda nagaNya hI hotA hai, ataH ina dinoM meM na to sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke gamanAgamana meM kaThinAI hotI hai aura na zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke lie dharmAcAra evaM gRhasthAcAra ke pAlana meM kaThinAI hotI hai| ina donoM RtuoM meM vyakti kA svAsthya bhI anukUla rahatA hai| inhIM kAraNoM se samAja ke vyasthApakAcAryoM ne gRhasthoM ke lie vyApAra kA prArambha tathA unake parivartana kI yojanAoM, zAdI-vivAha ke AyojanoM, tIrthayAtrAoM ke Ayojana, vedI-pratiSThA, mandira evaM bhavana-nirmANa Adi ke kArya prAyaH ina do RtuoM meM vizeSarUpa se vihita btlaae| ___ varSA kA samaya vizeSa asuvidhApUrNa hone ke kAraNa zrAvakoM ko bAharI ArambhoM ko chor3akara ghara meM hI rahanA par3atA hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie bhI barasAta ke samaya gamanAgamana meM aneka dharmAcAra-virodhI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa eka hI sthAna para rahakara dharmasAdhanA karane kA vidhAna banAyA gyaa| sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikA jaba cAra mAha taka apane-apane AvAsoM meM sthira raheMge, to ekAgratA pUrvaka Atma-vikAsa, dharmapracAra tathA navIna pIr3hI ke lie jAgRta, prabodhita evaM prabhAvita karane ke lie unheM paryApta samaya | 12 zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM cAturmAsa kI sArthaka paramparA |
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________________ milatA hai | zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke lie isa samaya gharagRhasthI evaM vyApAra ke jaTila kAryoM se tanAvamukta rahane ke avasara milate haiM, ataH ve sAdhu- saMgha ke sAnnidhya meM samaya vyatIta karane kI bhUmikA hI taiyAra nahIM karate, balki apane santulita jIvana se apane baccoM ke/parivAra ke anya sadasyoM tathA par3osiyoM ke mana meM bhI eka prabhAvaka dhArmika chApa chor3ate haiM / varSAvAsa : sAhitya - vikAsa kI yAtrA mujhe madhyakAlIna hastalikhita prakAzita kucha pANDulipiyoM ke adhyayana kA avasara milA hai| unakI prazastiyoM evaM puSpikAoM meM samakAlIna AzrayadAtAoM, pratilipikartAoM evaM nagara zreSThiyoM kI carcAe~ AtI hai / unake anusAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM ke Adeza - upadeza se aneka truTita athavA jIrNa-zIrNa pothiyoM kA pratilipi - kArya yA to svayaM karate athavA vizeSajJoM dvArA karavAte rahate the| aisI pothiyoM ke pratilipi-kArya kA prArambha athavA pUrNatA prAyaH cAturmAsa ke samaya hI hotA thA / sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie bhI cAturmAsa kAla meM gamanAgamana na karane ke kAraNa apanI dainika-caryA ke atirikta bhI paryApta samaya milatA hai / ve prAyaH mandiroM kI parikramAoM athavA upAzrayoM ke zAnta, ekAnta evaM nirAkula AzrayasthaloM meM rahate haiN| purAkAla meM to ve svatantra cintana athavA grantha-lekhana kA kArya karate athavA karavAte the, yA phira prAcIna upalabdha zAstroM kA svAdhyAya, paThana-pAThana, manana evaM cintana kiyA karate the| yahI nahIM, ina zAstroM meM se jo atyanta mahatva kA hotA thA, usakI Aja se saikar3oM varSa pUrva mudraNAlayoM kA AviSkAra na hone ke kAraNa anekAneka pratilipiyoM ko karavAkara ve unheM dUradUra ke mandiroM athavA zAstra bhaNDAroM meM bhijavAne kI preraNA bhI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko dete rahate the / yadi kisI grantha kA koI aMza cUhe yA dImaka khA jAte the, to sAdhugaNa utane aMza kA svayaM praNayana kara use sampUrNa kara zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM cAturmAsa kI sArthaka paramparA jaina saMskRti kA Aloka diyA karate the aura usakI aneka pratilipiyA~ karavAkara unheM deza ke kone-kone meM bhijavA dene preraNA dete the / prAcIna granthoM kI prazastiyoM evaM puSpikAoM meM isake aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / madhyakAla meM bhArata meM jaba rAjanaitika asthiratA yahA~ kA eka svAbhAvika krama bana gayI thI tathA sAmpradAyika madAndhatA ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya evaM usakI purAtAtvika sAmagrI kI vinAzalIlA kI gaI thI, taba bhI kahIM na kahIM hamArA sAhitya surakSita raha gayA thaa| usakA mUla kAraNa - cAturmAsoM meM saMghastha hamAre mahAmahima sAdhaka muniyoM, AcAryoM, yatiyoM, sAdhviyoM evaM bhakta zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI vahI sajagatA evaM jAgarUkatA / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM thA - hamAre AcArya - saMghoM ne nirantara hI dUradRSTi se sampanna hokara yaha kArya kiyA / cAturmAsoM ke samaya ina munisaMghoM ke sAnnidhya meM pichale varSoM kI sAmAjika, sAhityika evaM naitika pragati evaM vikAsa athavA avanati sambandhI kAryoM kA siMhAvalokana kiyA jAtA thA / usI AdhAra para agale varSa kI pragati kI rUparekhAe~ taiyAra kI jAtI thI / sAdhu-sAdhvI apane samAja ke bhaviSya ke nirmANa tathA vikAsa ke lie mArgadarzana dete the aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ unheM yathAzakti kAryarUpa dene kA prayatna karate the / yadi aisA na hotA to sahasroM jainagranthoM, mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM ke naSTa ho jAne ke bAda bhI Aja itanA vizAla sAhitya, mUrtiyA~ evaM mandira kaise upalabdha ho sake ? eka jaina sAhitya- saMrakSaka evaM pratilipikartA kI mAnasika pIr3A evaM kaSTa - sahiSNutA tathA zAstra - surakSA ke prati unakI samarpitavRtti kA anumAna nimna padya se lagAyA jA sakatA hai| mahAkavi idhi-kRta zaurasenI prAkRta meM gAthA - baddha "siddhAntArthasAra" (adyAvadhi aprakAzita) kA pratilipikAra kahatA hai bhagnapRSThi - kaTi-grIvA, UrdhvadRSTiradhomukhaH / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena paripAlayet / / " 13
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni arthAt isa grantha kI pratilipi karate-karate gardana kundakunda, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda kSamAzramaNa, jhuka gaI hai, kamara evaM pITha TUTa gaI hai, nIcA mukha karake jinasena raviSeNa, haribhadra, akalaMka, amRtacandra, vidyAnandi, nirantara likhate rahane ke kAraNa merI daSTi kamajora ho gaI yazovijaya Adi ne jo itanA vizAla evaM gauravaparNa hai| bhUkha-pyAsa sahakara atyanta kaThinAI pUrvaka maiMne isa amara sAhitya likhA, use unhoMne kaba likhA hogA? mere grantha-zAstra ko likhakara dImaka evaM cUhoM se surakSita rakhA vicAra se unakA adhikAMza bhAga cAturmAsoM ke ekAntavAsa hai| ataH aba Apa jaise sajjanoM kA yaha kartavya hai ki meM hI likhA/likhAyA gayA hogaa| pUrva madhyakAlIna karnATaka Apa use atyanta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka surakSita rkheN| ke talakATa evaM gujarAta ke vATanagara evaM vallabhI jaise zramaNa-vidyA ke ucca kendra isake lie atyanta prasiddha rahe cAturmAsa kA itihAsa saMjoye ye khaMDahara haiM, jahA~ adhikAMza jaina sAhitya, purANa, nyAya, jyotiSa, prAcIna bhAratIya bhUgola ke adhyayana krama meM yadi gaNita, Ayurveda tathA SaTakhaNDAgama-sAhitya evaM ardhamAgadhI grAmoM evaM nagaroM ke nAmoM para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAya to Agama sAhitya evaM una para vistRta TIkAe~ likhI giiN| cAturmAsoM ke mahatva ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| bihAra evaM ataH vartamAnakAlIna cAturmAsa ke pAvanakAla meM sacamuca rAjasthAna ke causA evaM cAivAsA tathA caumUM jaise aitihAsika hI una cintaka lekhaka mahAmanISiyoM tathA unake saubhAgyazAlI nagara ke nAma Aja khaNDahara ke rUpa meM apanA jIvana agaNita sevaka/zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM tathA vidvAnoM kA smaraNa vyatIta kara rahe haiN| kintu sAMskRtika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se kara unase preraNA lene tathA usa paramparA ko Age bar3hAne unakA adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai| ukta grAmoM kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| ke nAma-zabda Aja bhI prAkRtabhASA kA bAnA dhAraNa kie ___Thosa rUparekhA banAyeM hue haiN| ve nizcita rUpa se kinhIM jaina-saMghoM ke cAturmAsa yaha tathya hai ki jinavANI-sevA, sAhitya-surakSA, kA itihAsa apane antastala meM saMjoe hue haiN| ukta mUrti-mandira-nirmANa tathA samAja-vikAsa ke kArya kabhI pUrNa prathama evaM tRtIya zabda cAturmAsoM ke hI paravartI saMkSiptarUpa nahIM hote| unakA cakra nirantara calatA rahatA hai aura yaha hai - jaise causA = causA-cummAsA-cAturmAsaH / isI prakAra gati kisI bhI samAja kI samunnati evaM vikAsa kI caumUM-caumA-caummAsA-cAturmAsaH tathA cAivAsA-tyAgI-muni dyotaka mAnI gaI hai| sAmAjika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha vAsaH / pratIta hotA hai ki ina sthaloM meM kabhI kisI yuga dravya-kSetra-kAla evaM bhAva ke anusAra sAhityika evaM meM vizAla sAdhu-saMghoM ne cAturmAsa kiye hoMge aura vahA~ usa purAtAtvika nita navIna AvazyakatAe~ bhI bar3hatI jAtI kAla meM unhoMne viziSTa saMracanAtmaka kArya bhI sampanna kie ___ haiN| ataH unakI Thosa rUparekhAe~ caturvidha saMghoM ko cAturmAsoM hoMge, jinakI smRti meM unheM cAturmAsa athavA tyAgIvAsa ke samaya hI paryApta samaya milane para pArasparika vicAranagara jaise nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hogA, jo Aja vimarza ke bAda taiyAra kI jA sakatI haiM aura vikAsa kAryoM ukta saMkSipta nAmoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| ukta causA ko avizrAnta gati pradAna kI jA sakatI hai| badale hue grAma meM to utkhanana karane para vIM 6vIM sadI kI prAcIna sandarbho meM Aja jina bAtoM kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava sundara aneka jaina dhAtu pratimAe~ bhI upalabdha huI haiM, jinheM kiyA jA rahA hai, ve saMkSepa meM nimnaprakAra hai - purAtAtvikoM ne prAcInatama evaM anupama mAnA hai tathA ve paTanA evaM kalakattA ke saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita haiN| 1. jahA~ bhI AcArya/muni saMgha virAjamAna hoM, usa sthala kA nAma "cAturmAsa sthala" ghoSita kiyA jAya aura paramparA ko Age bar3hAye vahA~ jainAjaina vidvAnoM kI caritra-nirmANa sambandhI Akhira meM AcArya bhUtabali puSpadanta, guNadhara, bhASaNa-mAlAe~ karAI jaaveN| |14 zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM cAturmAsa kI sArthaka paramparA |
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka 2. niyamita Avazyaka dinacaryA ke atirikta pratidina saMghastha muniyoM evaM AcAryoM ke pravacanoM ke kAryakrama rakheM jaaveN| usameM kucha samaya praznoM ke uttaroM ke lie bhI nirdhArita rhe| 3. pravacanoM meM tAttvika carcA ke atirikta caritra-nirmANa sambandhI rocaka evaM sarala kathAe~ bhI prastuta kI jAveM, tAki navIna pIr3hI tathA bacce bhI una pravacanoM ko sunane ke lie lAlAyita, AkarSita aura prabhAvita hoN| 4. AcArya evaM muni-saMgha ke nidezana meM sthAnIya mandiroM evaM upAzrayoM meM surakSita hastalikhita-granthoM kI sAja- samhAla evaM unakA sUcIkaraNa kiyA jAya, jisameM vidvAnoM tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA yathAzakti pUrNa sahayoga rhe| tatpazcAta jaina-patroM meM usa sUcI ko prakAzita karA diyA jAya jisase samasta zikSA jagat ko usakI jAnakArI mila ske| 5. cAturmAsa kI smRti ko sthAyI banAe rakhane ke lie eka-eka hastalikhita grantha kA prakAzana pratyeka nagara kI jaina samAja tathA sAhityika saMsthAoM ke Arthika sahayoga se avazya kiyA jaay| 6. cAturmAsa kI smRti ko sthAyI banAe rakhane ke lie pratyeka zrAvaka-zrAvikA ko kama se kama navInatama prakAzita eka jaina-grantha avazya kharIdanA caahie| 7. zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko pratidina muni-darzana evaM svAdhyAya kI pratijJA karanA caahie| 8. pUjya AcAryoM, mahAmuniyoM evaM sAdhviyoM se bhI vinamra prArthanA hai ki ve apane cAturmAsakAla meM kama se kama eka navIna adyAvadhi aprakAzita grantha kA svAdhyAya, uddhAra, sampAdana, anuvAda evaM tulanAtmaka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tathA prakAzana avazya hI karane kI kRpA kreN| yaha kArya vyaktigata rUpa se bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai athavA saMghastha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sahayoga se bhI taiyAra karAyA jA sakatA hai| yadi hamAre AcArya/muni isa dizA meM kArya karane/ karAne kI mahatI kRpA kara sakeM, to jaina-vidyA kI surakSA evaM pragati meM tIvragAmI paMkha laga jAveMge aura hama loga yahI anubhava kareMge ki eka bAra punaH hamAre jIvana meM prArambhika sadiyoM kA vaha aitihAsika kAla A gayA hai, jaba eka hI sAtha aneka AcArya evaM muni, samAja kI AvazyakatAnusAra vividha-viSayaka sAhitya kA saMrakSaNasampAdana, praNayana, lekhana-kArya kara rahe the aura jo paravartI kAloM meM sabhI ke lie prakAza-stambha kA kArya karatA rhaa| nityaprati badalate sandarbho meM aba yaha samaya vizeSarUpa se jAgRta hone tathA jainetara samAjoM kI sabhI prakAra kI pragatiyoM aura mAnasikatAoM ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| pArasparika tulanA karate hue yaha bhI dekhanA hai ki vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM hamArI vartamAna sAmAjika sthiti aura isI sthiti meM rahate hue agale 50 varSoM meM usake kyA pariNAma hoMge ? ... pro. DaoN. zrI rAjArAma jaina 'jaina vidyA' ke zreSTha vidvAn haiN| Apako prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI Adi aneka bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA vizeSa jJAna hai| Apane apanA sampUrNa jIvana jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta ke adhyApana meM lagAyA tathA aneka granthoM kA prayaNana tathA saMpAdana kiyaa| sevA nivRtta hone ke bAda bhI ApakI sAhitya sRjana va zodha kArya kI pravRttiyA~ niraMtara gatizIla haiN| saMpAdaka | zramaNa saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM cAturmAsa kI sArthaka paramparA