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________________ zikSA aura chAtra manovijJAna DDaoN0 jI0sI0 rAya (AcArya, manovijJAna vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura) Adhunika yuga ko pragatizIla banAne meM zikSA kA mahattva sarvopari hai| zikSA vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika parivartana kA zilAdhAra hai| zikSA ke dvArA chAtroM ke jJAna meM vRddhi hotI hai aura unakI manovRtti kA vikAsa bhI hotA hai / AcAra-vicAra banate haiN| jIvana ko lakSya kI ora le jAne meM zikSA kI bhUmikA pramukha hai| __ bhArata meM svatantratA-prApti ke bAda taitIsa varSa se adhika ho cuke haiN| parantu hamane zikSA kI ora samucita dhyAna nahIM diyA aura na usakA artha hI spaSTa rUpa se samajhA hai| aneka loga abhI bhI zikSA kA artha pAThazAlA meM adhyApana se lagAte haiM aura zikSA kA kSetra vidyAlaya kI cAradIvArI taka hI sImita rakhate haiN| tadanusAra zikSA kA saMkucita uddezya chAtroM ko parIkSA meM uttIrNa karAne tathA upAdhi vitarita karane taka hI hai| zikSA kA vAstavika artha vidyAlaya kI zikSA se kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| zikSA kA tAtparya chAtroM kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa karanA hai| hamAre rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI ne kahA hai : "By education, I mean all round drawing out the best in child and man--body, mind and spirit." isa prakAra zikSA ke bRhat svarUpa ke antargata chAtra kA zArIrika, mAnasika tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karanA hai| zikSA kA uddezya na kevala chAtroM ko upAdhiyA~ denA hai balki unheM apane bhAvI jIvana ba samAja meM samAyojita hone meM sahAyatA denA bhI hai| zikSA ke kSetra meM Aja kA yuga chAtra-yuga kahA jAtA hai / yaha Adhunika zikSA kI vyApakatA kA dyotaka hai / aba zikSA adhyApaka kendrita na hokara chAtra-kendrita hai / Adhunika zikSA, chAtroM kI ruciyoM, kSamatAoM, AvazyakatAoM tathA lakSyoM ke anurUpa dI jAtI hai, na ki adhyApaka kI icchAnusAra / isa taraha Aja kI zikSA lokatAntrika (Democratic) siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra chAtroM ko zikSA prApta karane kI samAna suvidhA (Equality of opportunity) milanA Avazyaka hai| parantu isa suvidhA kA manovaijJAnika pakSa samajhanA Avazyaka hai / samAna suvidhA kA artha sabhI chAtroM ko eka samAna yA eka prakAra kI zikSA milane se nahIM hai balki unakI yogyatA ke anusAra hI zikSA prApta karane kA maukA denA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, yadi chAtra meM ucca yogyatAe~ hoMgI tabhI use ucca zikSA prApta karane kI suvidhA denA ucita hai anyathA ucca zikSA meM vaha vyakti apanI mAnasika zakti ko naSTa hI karegA / phira, sabhI chAtroM ko vijJAna kakSAoM meM praveza denA (jisakI ki aksara mAMga hotI hai), unake lie suvidhAjanaka nahIM hogA kyoMki vibhinna chAtroM meM vibhinna prakAra kI abhikSamatAeM hotI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie, kisI chAtra meM vijJAna kI, kisI meM kalA kI, kisI meM vANijyazAstra kii| vaijJAnika abhikSamatA vAle chAtra ko vijJAna meM, kalA-abhikSamatA vAle chAtra ko kalA meM tathA vANijya-abhikSamatA vAle chAtra ko vANijya meM praveza denA hI samAna suvidhA denA hai|
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________________ -O wr +8+8+ karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa / samAja manovijJAna kI dRSTi se zikSA eka aisI prakriza hai jo ki lika tathA chAtra ke bIca hotI hai| pramukha vizeSajJa eDamsa ne zikSAko vi-akriyA (Bipolar Process) kahA hai zikSA-kama meM adhyApaka tathA chAtra ke bIca jo antarkriyA ( Inter-action) hotI hai usameM chAtra kA pakSa utanA hI mahattvapUrNa hotA hai jitanA ki adhyApaka kaa| adhyApaka jJAna prasArita karatA hai tathA chAtra bhI apanI prakriyAoM ko dekara apanI kaThinAiyoM ko batAkara va apane sujhAvoM ko dekara pATha ke vistAra meM satata sahayoga detA hai| chAtra dvArA dI gayI pratipuSTi (Feedback ) se zikSaka eka dizA pAtA hai aura adhyApana meM adhika saphalatA pA sakatA hai| phlaiNDarsa ( Flanders) nAmaka pramukha zikSA zAstrI ne zikSA meM isa prakAra kI pratipuSTi ko atyanta Avazyaka batAyA hai / hamAre bhAratIya samAja meM zaikSika, Arthika, vyAvasAyika tathA anya prakAra kI kamiyA~ haiM, jinake kAraNa zikSA-kama kA samucita DhaMga se calAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai| aisI kaThina sthiti meM zikSA kArya karane meM paryApta dhairya, utsAha va sahAnubhUti kI AvazyakatA hai| mere vicAra se chAtra- manovijJAna kA mukhya tattva hai chAtroM ke prati sahAnubhUti kA dRSTikoNa rkhnaa| yadi adhyApaka mAtA-pitA tathA zaikSika adhikArI chAtroM kI tathA unakI samasyAoM kI ora sahAnubhUti rakheM to chAtra zikSA prApta karane meM ruci lete haiM aura kaThinAiyoM kA saharSa sAmanA kara lete haiN| chAtroM ko sneha denA eka dIpaka meM tela dene ke samAna hai jisake AdhAra para vaha prajvalita tathA prakAzita hotA hai / Ajakala ke chAtra bar3e saMvedanazIla (Sensitive) hote haiN| yadi adhyApakaraNa unheM sAmAjika va vidyAlaya kI kaThinAiyoM aura kamiyoM kA samucita pratyakSaNa karA deM to chAtra una kamiyoM ke bAvajUda bhI saharSa kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karate hue bhI zikSAkrama meM lIna raha sakate haiN| astu, chAtroM ko prastuta kaThinAiyoM kI anubhUti karAnA Avazyaka hai / isake viparIta yadi unheM suvidhA na dene kA TheTha javAba diyA jAya yA kArya na karane ke lie unakA tiraskAra kiyA jAya to unheM Thesa pahu~cegI tathA unakI bhAvanAoM kA damana hogA aura phAyaDa ke anusAra isa prakAra kA damana bAlaka ke vyaktitva ke samucita vikAsa meM avarodha utpanna karegA / Aja hamAre vidyAlayoM meM chAtra adhyApaka TakarAva rahatA hai| bahuta se chAtra mana lagAkara nahIM par3hate haiM, balki vidhvaMsAtmaka kAryavAhiyoM meM bhAga lete haiM jisase ki vidyAlaya meM sucArU rUpa se zivAzrama nahIM cala pAtA hai| zikSA ke kSetra meM yaha pramukha samasyA hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie manovaijJAnika upAgama (Psychological approach) Avazyaka hai / usI ke AdhAra para prastuta lekhaka ke nimnalikhita sujhAva haiM: 1. chAtra sampUrNa zikSAkrama ke kendravindu hai| astu, zikSA unakI ruciyoM va kSamatAoM ke AdhAra para dI jAya to zikSA kAryakrama sucArU rUpa se calegA / 2. chAtroM ko zikSA krama meM prerita karane ke lie pAritoSaka Adi dene ke atirikta adhyApaka apane AdarzajIvana se bhI unheM prerita kareM to preraNA adhika prabhAvazAlI hotI / 3. Adhunika manovaijJAnika zikSaNa vidhiyoM ( Teaching Methods ), jaise - Demonstration Method, Project Method, Field-trip Method, Audio Visual Method Adi kA upayoga karane se chAtra tIvratA va kuzalatA se zikSA prApta kara sakate haiM / 4. adhyApana kI zikSaNa vidhiyoM se bhI adhika Avazyaka chAtroM kI adhigama vidhiyAM (Learning Methods ) hai, kyoMki adhyApaka acchI vidhi se zikSaNa de, phira bhI yadi chAtra samucita vidhi se na sIkheM to adhyApaka kA kArya viphala ho jAtA hai| astu pAThya sAmagrI chAtroM kI adhigama yogyatA Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara unheM Whole Method, Part Method, Mass Method, Space Method, Fro rammed Learning Method Adi se sIkhane ke lie samucita kAryakrama banAnA Avazyaka hai| 5. chAtroM kI samasyAoM tathA kaThinAiyoM para sahAnubhUti se tathA viziSTa vAtAvaraNa meM vicAra karane ke lie Joint Consultative Machinery kA Ayojana ho jinameM chAtra adhyApaka, adhikArI varga tathA abhibhAvaka bhAga leN| isase samasyAoM ko sulajhAne va unakA hala nikAlane meM suvidhA hogI / .
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________________ zikSA aura chAtra manovijJAna 6. vidyAlaya meM pAThyakrama ke atirikta Co-curricular Activities jaise khela kUda, sAMskRtika kAryakrama, sAhityika kAryakrama Adi kA Ayojana honA cAhie aura hara eka chAtra ko inameM se kama se kama kisI eka meM bhAga lenA Avazyaka ho| isase unake sarvAMgINa vikAsa meM sahAyatA milegI / 11 7. chAtroM ko sAmAjika kAryoM meM, jaise saphAI, sAkSaratA, khAna-pAna, kRSi tathA naI takanIka kA jJAna karAne kA kAryakrama (vizeSakara gA~voM meM ) calAnA Avazyaka hai| isase chAtroM ko samAja ke logoM ke vAstavika jIvana tathA kaThinAiyoM kA svayaM jJAna karane tathA anubhava karane kA maukA milegA aura tadanusAra vidyAlaya zikSA prApti ke bAda unheM samAja meM kArya karane tathA samAja se samAyojita hone meM AsAnI hogii| 8. chAtroM ko varSa meM kama se kama eka bAra zaikSika paryaTana ( Educational Tour ) meM bhAga lene kI suvidhA avazya dI jAya jisase ki ve dUsare acche vidyAlayoM, samasyAoM Adi kA svayaM nirIkSaNa kara sakeM aura una samasyAoM, kAryakramoM tathA anubhavoM se phAyadA uThAkara apane vidyAlaya meM bhI sudhAra lAne kA prayatna kareM / 6. chAtroM kI zaikSika, vyAvasAyika tathA vyaktigata samasyAoM ko hala karane ke lie vidyAlaya meM eka nirdezana kendra (Guidance Centre) honA Avazyaka hai jisameM eka manovaijJAnika ho aura vaha chAtroM kI mAnasika tathA vaiyaktika jAMca karake upayukta mArga nirdezana kre| / 10. adhikatara vidyAlaya kevala sAmAnya bAlakoM kI zikSA-dIkSA tathA sambandhita samasyAoM para hI dhyAna dete haiM / para ve asAmAnya, pichar3e, aparAdhI bAlakoM para dhyAna nahIM dete / pariNAmasvarUpa kakSA kA tathA vidyAlaya kA kArya sucAru rUpa se nahIM cala paataa| isalie yaha Avazyaka hai ki manovaijJAnika tathA manocikitsaka asAmAnya bAlakoM kA zIghrAtizIghra parIkSaNa karake unakI asAmAnyatA ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kare / vidyAlaya meM pratyeka mAsa meM kama se kama eka bAra manocikitsaka Akara aise chAtroM kI jAMca kare aura cikitsA ke lie sujhAva de / 11. chAtroM ko apanI zikSA prApta karane ke bAda usake anukUla rojagAra kI gAraNTI honI cAhie jisase ki ve mana lagAkara par3heMge aura parIkSA meM acche aMka lAne kA adhika prayAsa kareMge kyoMki unheM acche vyavasAya meM jAne kI preraNA milegI aura isase chAtroM meM anuzAsanahInatA kI bhI kamI hogI kyoMki ve idhara-udhara kI tor3aphor3a kI kAryavAhI meM bhAga na lekara apanA samaya adhyayana kI ora hI adhika lgaayeNge| " 12. chAtroM ko pAThya pustakoM ke atiti anya viSayoM kA jJAna (jinheM unhoMne nahIM liyA ho, jaise-sAmAnya jJAna, rAjanItizAstra, darzanazAstra, sAmAnya vijJAna, manovijJAna, zarIra - vijJAna Adi kA bhI Avazyaka hai / isase unake jJAna kA bhaMDAra bar3hatA hai tathA Synoptic Vision kI bhI vRddhi hotI hai / astu, pAThya viSaya kI pustakoM ke atirikta uparyukta prakAra kI pustakeM vidyAlaya ke vAcanAlaya se chAtroM ko svAdhyAya ke lie milanI caahie| isa prakAra ke svAdhyAya para bhI parIkSA meM aMka denA Avazyaka hai, isase ve svAdhyAya karane ke lie adhika prerita hoNge| 13. pratyeka chAtra ke lie naitika zikSA kA viSaya anivArya honA caahie| isase unheM vibhinna dharmo kA naitikatA ke niyamoM tathA siddhAntoM kA jJAna hogA aura ve naitika va parizvAna banane ke lie prerita hoNge| unheM deza-videzoM ke vIroM kI mahAna AtmAoM kI tathA adhyavasAyI zikSakoM tathA chAtroM kI gAvAeM bhI batAI jaayeN| isase chAtra apane jIvana meM unake Adarza ko dhAraNa karane ke lie prerita hoNge| .
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________________ 12 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa ..................-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-...-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. 14. zikSA ke mUlyAMkana ke pakSa para bhI dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| Ajakala hamAre vidyAlayoM meM parIkSAoM meM aMka dene meM pakSapAtavAda kI zikAyateM AtI haiN| astu, navIna parIkSaNa praNAlI kA upayoga hamAre vidyAlayoM kI parIkSAoM meM Avazyaka hai| isase chAtra prAptAMkoM se saMtuSTa raheMge aura pakSapAta kA unakA saMzaya dUra hogA aura ve parIkSaNa meM adhika ruci se bhAga leMge aura parIkSA-bahiSkAra bhI kama hoNge| uparyukta diye gaye kucha sujhAvoM para yadi chAtra, adhyApaka, abhibhAvaka tathA zikSA adhikArI vicAra kareM aura pAlana kareM to chAtroM meM zikSA ke prati ghanAtmaka manovRtti banegI tathA ve zikSA kAryakramoM meM rucipUrvaka bhAga leNge| isase hamAre chAtroM ke vyaktitva kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa hogA aura ve deza ke bhAvI karNadhAra banakara deza tathA samAja kI samucita sevA kara skeNge| xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx mAteva kA yA sukhadA ? suvidyA ! -mAtA ke samAna sukha dene vAlI kyA hai ? suvidyA kimedhate dAnavazAt ? suvidyA -dAna dene se bar3hane vAlI vastu kyA hai ? suvidyA ! -zaMkara praznottarI 25 Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - 0