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________________ T 29 zreSThIvarya zrI karaturabhAI lAlabhAI mahAjanonI paraMparA : kasturabhAInI dasamI peDhIe thayelA zAMtidAsa jhaverIne zahenazAha akabaranA pharamAnathI amadAvAdanuM nagarazeThapaNuM maLyuM hatuM. zAhI sanmAna, saMpatti ane dharmaprema mATe teo eka ajoDa puruSa hatA, e hakIkata temaNe zAhajahAMne mayUrAsana banAvavA mATe Apela moTI rakamanA aitihAsika purAvA parathI saheje jANI zakAya che. A paraMparAmAM zeTha hemAbhAInA moTA bhAI motIcaMda thayA jemanA pautranA pautra zeTha lAlabhAI thayA, je zrI kasturabhAInA pitAzrI thAya. zeTha lAlabhAIe I. sa. 1896 mAM rAyapura milanI sthApanA karI. A rIte kasturabhAIne gaLathuthImAMthI ja kApaDaudyoganA saMskAra prApta thayelA. zeTha zrI lAlabhAIe potAnA pa7 varSanA TUMkA AyuSyamAM paNa AkhA kuTuMbanI cAhanA meLavI hatI ane gharanA nAnAmoTA badhA ja sabhyo temanI AmanyA rAkhatA. vinaya, viveka, vyavasthA ane zistapAlananA teo khAsa himAyatI hatA. zeThazrI lAlabhAInA ghera, mohinIbAnI kUkhe tA. 19-12-1894 nA roja amadAvAdamAM kasturabhAIno janma thayo hato. bALapaNa ane zikSaNa : kasturabhAIne be bhAIo ane cAra baheno hatAM. nAnA bhAI narottamabhAI sAthe teo pataMga, krikeTa vagere ramato ramatA. Ara. sI. 205
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________________ 206, arvAcIna jaina jyotirdharo hAIskUlamAM abhyAsa karI I. sa. 1911mAM teo meTrika pAsa thayA. A hAIskUlamAM sva. balubhAI ThAkora ane jIvaNalAla dIvAna jevA rASTrIya raMge raMgAyelA uttama zikSako hatA. temanI asara vidyArthIo para paNa paDI. Ama nAnapaNathI ja temanAmAM rASTrapremanAM bIja ropAyAM hatAM. gharamAM dharmaparaMparAnA saMskAro sudaDha hatA. eTale kasturabhAI potAnAM bA ane bhAIbaheno sAthe devadarzana-tIrthayAtrA vagere karatA, jemAM Abu, pAlitANA ane sametazikharano paNa samAveza thayo hato. Ama zikSaNa, saMskAra, zista, rASTrIyatA Adi guNonuM saMvardhana thatuM hatuM tyAre ekAeka temanA pitA lAlabhAInuM I. sa. 1912mAM mRtyu thayuM. A samaye kasturabhAI gujarAta kaoNlejamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA. pitAzrIe Ubho karela moTo vahIvaTa ane moTA kuTuMbanA suvyavasthita pAlana mATe kuTuMbIjanonI salAha laIne kasturabhAIe 18 varSanI uMmare udyogadhaMdhAmAM jhaMpalAvyuM. jo ke khAnagI zikSaNa laIne temaNe aMgrejI bhASA sArI rIte zIkhI lIdhI hatI, jethI videzapravAsamAM ane udyogavikAsamAM te sahAyaka thaI zake. kAryakuzaLatA ane gRhasthAzrama praveza : dhaMdhAmAM prathama TAimakIpara ane pachIthI sTArsanuM kAma saMbhALavAnuM temanA bhAge AvyuM. sTorsamAM te vakhate rUnI jAta ane tenI guNavattA oLakhavI e khUba agatyanuM kAma hatuM. A kAmamAM yuvAna kasturabhAI jAtamahenata ane khaMta dvArA judAM judAM gAma ane jillAomAM pharIne niSaNAta banyA ane thoDA ja varSamAM dezanA agragaNya rU pArakhu niSaNAnomAM teo gaNAvA lAgyA. I. sa. 1914 mAM paheluM vizvayuddha phATI nIkaLyuM, jethI kApaDa udyogane khUba uttejana maLyuM. rAyapura milamAM ucca kakSAnuM kApaDa banavA lAgyuM. teoe keTalAka pAyAnA siddhAMto nakkI karyA hatA; jema ke (1) mAlanI guNavattA uccatama rAkhavI. (2) lAMbA gALAno lAbha thAya te rIte Ayojana karavuM. (3) rU vagere kAco mAla zreSTha jAtano vAparavo. (4) je-te vibhAganuM saMcAlana niSNAtone soMpI temane svataMtrapaNe kArya karavA devuM. (5) dalAlo, vepArIo, paeNraholDaro ane madadanIzone yogya vaLatara maLe, temanI sAtheno vyavahAra saumya ane maitrIpUrNa rahe tenI kALajI rAkhavI. Ama thoDA ja varSomAM rAyapura mila bhAratanI eka zreSTha mila tarIke khyAti pAmI. A arasAmAM I. sa. 1915 nA me mAsamAM temanAM lagna amadAvAdanA agragaNya jhaverI zrI cImanalAla vADIlAlanI suputrI zAradAbahena sAthe thayAM. sAdAIthI ujavAyelA A lagnaprasaMga dvArA kasturabhAIe gRhasthAzramamAM praveza karyo. netAono saMparka : mahAtmA gAMdhIjI, saradAra paTela, dAdA mAvalaMkara, dIvAna jIvaNalAla vagere netAonA saMparkamAM AvavAnA A samaye mukhya traNa banAvo banyA : (1) 1918nI milamajUronI haDatALa (2) gujarAtamAM duSkALanI paristhiti (3) 1921nuM koMgresa adhivezana.
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________________ koSThIvarya zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAI 207 A traNeya prasaMgomAM kasturabhAIe potAnI vyavahArakuzaLatA, khaMta, prAmANikatA, udAratA, dIrdhadaSTi ane niSThAthI kArya karavAnI zaktino saune paricaya karAvyo. haju 27 varSanI uMmare mAMDa pahoMcelA A yuvAna udyogapatinI hoziyArIthI sI prabhAvita thayA. kasturabhAIne potAne paNa potAnI kAryazaktimAM vizvAsa Avyo, jethI AgaLanAM kAryo mATenA sAhasanI preraNA maLI. phaLarUpe temaNe rU. bAra lAkhanI mUDIthI azoka mila cAlu karI. prAraMbhika muzkelIone pAra karIne mila sthira thaI, je Aje ucca kakSAnA kApaDanuM utpAdana kare che. vaLI, koMgresanA adhivezanamAM zrI motIlAla neharu vagere netAoe kasturabhAIne tyAM ja utAro rAkhyo hato. AthI kasturabhAIne temanA sAMnidhyano lAbha maLyo. A netAonI dinacaryA joIne kasturabhAIe temAMthI potAnA jIvanane mahAna banAvavAno saMkalpa karyo ane sAthe sAthe rASTrapremanA saMskArone daDha karyA. I. sa. 1921mAM vallabhabhAI paTela amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA pramukha banyA. temaNe prAthamika zikSaNanA vikAsa mATe nAkhelI TahelamAM lAlabhAI kuTuMba taraphathI rU. 50000 (pacAsa hajAra)nuM dAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. Ama rASTrapremanI vRddhi, dAnazIlatAno prAraMbha ane dakSa vahIvaTa dvArA udyogane sthira ane sadhdhara karavAnI kasturabhAInI kSamatAno ApaNane A vaSomAM anubhava thAya che. dhArAsabhya ane viSTikAra tarIkeH I. sa. 1922mAM saradAra vallabhabhAIe temanuM nAma dilhInI vaDI dhArAsabhAmAM milamAlika maMDaLanA pratinidhi tarIke sUcavyuM ane aneka prayatno dvArA kasturabhAI cUMTaNImAM vijayI nIvaDayA. A hoddAnI rUe temane pArlamenTanI kAryavAhIno sAro evo anubhava maLyo. briTiza sarakAra taraphathI teo udyogo, rUnI kharIdI ke kApaDanI nIti aMgenI kAryavAhI karatI vividha kamiTIomAM nimAyA. AjhAdI pachI paNa zrI. javAharalAla neharunI sUcanAthI udyoga, beMkiMga, jAhera sarakArI sAhaso ane rijharva benkane lagatI aneka bAbatomAM kasturabhAIe vividha hodAo para rahIne sArI kAmagIrI bajAvI. A samasta kAryavAhI daramiyAna temanuM dIrdhadaSTipaNuM, prAmANikatA ane rASTrahitane lakSamAM rAkhIne kAma karavAnI paddhatithI sarvatra temano yaza vistarato gayo. rUnI kharIdI tathA kApaDanIti ghaDavAnI bAbatamAM to temano mukAbalo karI zake tevo bhAratabharamAM te samaye bhAgye ja bIjo koI puruSa haze, ema tajajJonuM mAnavuM hatuM. navA udyoga bhaNIH pitAnA mRtyu bAda 1912 thI bhAratane svataMtratA prApta thaI tyAM sudhI kasturabhAIe TesTAila udyoga pUranI ja potAnI Arthika pravRtti sImita rAkhI hatI. have moTA kuTuMbanA sabhyone eka ja udyogamAM samAvavAnI temaja bhAratanA udyogIkaraNanI dRSTie vaividhyIkaraNanI jarUriyAta UbhI thaI hatI. 1937 thI kAMjInA udyoga pratye teonuM dhyAna hatuM paNa 1946mAM jyAre temane amerikA javAnuM thayuM
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________________ 208 arvAcIna jaina jyotirdharo tyArathI amerikAnI sAyanemAiDa kaMpanI sAthe temaNe sahayoganI vATAghATo cAlu karI hatI. AgaLa jatAM valasADa pAse I. sa. 1949mAM atula praoNDakasanA nAmathI 800 ekara jamIna meLavavAmAM AvI ane potAnA khAsa vizvAsu zrI bI. ke. majamudArane tenA Ayojana ane vikAsanuM kAma soMpyuM, je zrI majamudAre kharekhara atyaMta prazaMsanIya rIte pAra pADyuM. tA. 17-3-195ranA roja vaDA pradhAna javAharalAla neharunA hAthe A uttama namUnedAra udyogasaMkulanuM udghATana thayuM. dhIme dhIme teno sAro vikAsa thato gayo. I. sa. 1956mAM bhArata sarakAranI rU. traNa karoDanI lona maLatAM teno khUba jhaDapathI vikAsa thavA lAgyo. atyAre to tenA karoDo rUpiyAnA mAlanI videzomAM nikAsa thAya che. tenA sTApha mATe agiyAraso pacAsa (1150) makAna bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM che. AjabAjunA dasa liomITara aMtarathI AvatA lagabhaga 5500 mANasone kAyamI rojI maLe che. ahIM ekabIjA sAthe saMkaLAyela davAo, rasAyaNa ane aneka jAtanA raMgonuM vipula pramANamAM utpAdana thAya che. A vAta to tenA aMgata vikAsanI che paNa anule" je mahAna sAmAjika kArya karyuM che te zaikSaNika, sAMskRtika ane samUhakalyANanI daSTie khAsa dhyAna kheMcanAruM che. kenTinamAMthI sastA dare maLanuM bhojana, opanaera thiyeTara, ramatagamata ane manoraMjana mATenI phalabo, jJAna, saMskAra ane kaLAnI pravRttio, be hajArathI vadhu zizuo ane vidyArthIonA zikSaNanI suMdara vyavasthA temaja Arogya suvidhAo-A badhI tenI khAsa vizeSatAo che. ATaluM ja nahIM zrI majamudAra, zrI siddhArthabhAI ane temanAM dharmapatnI zrImatI vimaLAbahena, samasta valasADa jillAnA ane khAsa karIne AjubAjunA AdivAsIonA sarvatomukhI vikAsamAM je rIte dattacitta rahyAM che te kharekhara prazaMsanIya ane anukaraNIya che. Ama, "atula'ne karabhAInI kArakIrdinuM sAkAra thayeluM sarvocca svapna gaNI zakAya rASTrIyatAnA raMge H cheka 1921 nI sAlathI rASTrIyatAnA raMge raMgAyelA aneka netAono kasturabhAIne paricaya thato rahelo. pachI te majUro ane mAlikonI maDAgAMThanA saMdarbhamAM hoya, duSkALa ke pUranI rAhatanA saMdarbhamAM hoya, kaoNMgresanA adhivezananA saMdarbhamAM hoya ke udyogone lagatA vivAdAspada muddA bAbatamAM hoya. saunA hitane khyAlamAM rAkhavAnI vRtti hovA chatAM rASTranuM hita teonA haiye sarvocca sthAne hatuM. A kAryane siddha karavA mATe teo potAno aMgata lAbha paNa jato karatA. eTaluM ja nahI paNa pote nukasAna sahana karavA paNa taiyAra rahetA. majUronuM, sTAphanuM ane zeraholDaronuM hita jaLavAya te jovA teo haMmezAM Atura rahetA. saunI sAthe temanA sukhadukhanA prasaMgoe hAjara rahI evI AtmIyatA keLavI hatI ke majUro ane sTAphanA sabhyo temanuM yogya sanmAna karanA. svadezI vastunuM utpAdana ane vaparAza vadhAravA mATe, saMkaTarAhatanA koI paNa kArya mATe, rASTrIya netAo sAthe ghaniSTa ane AmIya saMbaMdho sahita mahAtmA gAMdhIjI, saradAra paTela ane motIlAla neharu jevA netAo pratye pUjyabhAva rAkhavA bAbate ane rASTrIya caLavaLane sarva prakAre saphaLa banAvavA mATe teo haMmezAM utsuka ane udyamI rahetA.
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________________ zreSThIvarya zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAI 29 kaMDalAne mahAbaMdara tarIke vikasAvavA mATenI athathI iti sudhInI sarva kAryavAhImAM teo kendrasthAne hatA. gAMdhI smAraka nidhi mATe udyogagRho pAsethI pAMca karoDa rUpiyA bhegA karI ApavAnI mukhya javAbadArI teoe svIkArI hatI ane ghaNAM varSo sudhI tenA TrasTI tarIke sevAo ApI hatI. nAnImoTI aneka Arthika yojanAmAM teo salAhakAra hatA. I. sa. 1954mAM soviyeTa yuniyana (raziyA) mokalavAmAM AvelA audyogika pratinidhi maMDaLanuM netRtva temaNe saMbhALyuM hatuM. A uparAMta amerikA, jApAna ane pazcima yuropanA dezomAM bharAyelI aneka pariSadomAM paNa teoe atithivizeSa tarIke bhAratanuM pratinidhitva karyuM hatuM. jIvananuM dhyeya ane tenI siddhi : temanAM chellAM varSomAM temaNe kaheluM ke mArI cAra bhAvanAo che : (1) jaina maMdirano jIrNoddhAra. (2) premAbhAI haoNla(amadAvAda)nuM AdhunikIkaraNa. (3) amadAvAdamAM enjiniyariMga kaoNlejanI sthApanA. (4) zAstronI jUnI pratonI surakSA ane temanuM saMzodhana. temanI hayAtimAM ja A cAreya jIvanadhyeyonI pUrti thaI tethI temanA jIvananI kRtakRtyatAno anubhava thayo ema kahI zakAya. teoe rU. 25 lAkhanuM dAna ApyuM tethI I. sa. 1945mAM amadAvAdamAM ela. DI. eMjiniyariMga kolejanI sthApanA thaI zakI. jenonI prasiddha peDhI ANaMdajI kalyANajIno ghaNAM varSo sudhI teoe pramukha rahIne vahIvaTa saMbhALyo hato. te daramyAna temaNe ghaNAM agatyanAM kAryo karyA. harijanono jaina maMdiromAM pravezano prazna, tAraMgAnA vivAdano prazna temaja aitihAsika kahI zakAya tevA rANakapura, delavADA, zetruMjya ane tAraMgAnAM jaina tIrthonA uddhArano prazna-A badhA prazno temaNe sArI rIte ukelyA. temAM paNa pote aMgata rasa laIne, je prakAre tIrthonuM adyatana deSTithI, kalAtmaka rIte jIrNodvAranuM kArya karAvyuM te kharekhara abhuta ane temanI viziSTa koThAsUjhanuM dyotaka che. delavADAnAM maMdiro mATe aMgata rasa laIne teoe dAMtAnI khANomAMthI Arasa meLavyo hato. tAraMgAnAM maMdironI kaLA, uparathI DhAMkI devAmAM AvI hatI; te khAsa kArIgarone rokIne temaNe khUba kALajIpUrvaka mULa svarUpamAM pragaTa karAvI temaja samucaya dRSTie tIrthanI kaLAnI uThAva Ave te mATe jarUrI aneka nAnAmoTA pheraphAro karAvyA te temanI kaLAdeSTine AbhArI che. A uparAMta giranAra, kuMbhAriyA, dhaMdhukA ane amadAvAdanI zAMtinAthanI poLanA derAsaranA jIrNoddhAranuM kArya paNa temaNe potAnI AgavI sUjha ane dIrdhadaSTithI karAvyuM. ANaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhI dvArA jaina maMdirono svaccha ane Adarza vahIvaTa thato joIne dhArmika TrasTonI tapAsa mATenI samitinA adhyakSa sara zrI sI. pI. rAmasvAmIe anya hiMdu TrasToe paNa A prakAranI vyavasthA karavAnuM vicAravuM joIe tevo riporTa potAnI bhalAmaNomAM karyo hato.
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________________ 210 arvAcIna jaina jyotirdharo bhAratIya prAcyavidyAnA vikAsa mATe ane jaina zAstronI janI pratonA saMzodhanaprakAzana mATe teoe gujarAta yunivarsiTInI sAme "lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira' nAmanI eka viziSTa saMsthAnI sthApanA munizrI puNyavijayajInA sahayogathI karI. A saMsthAnI sthApanA I. sa. 1955mAM thaI hatI ane tenuM uddhATana 1963mAM javAharalAla neharue karyuM hatuM. temAM atyAre 45000 hastaprato che ane pazcima bhAratanI vividha saMsthAo ane vyaktioe bheTamAM ApelI kalAtmaka kRtionuM suMdara saMgrahAlaya che. tenA navA makAnanuM I. sa. 1985 mAM udghATana thayuM che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA abhyAsIo, vidvAno ane saMzodhako mATe A eka khUba ja upayogI ane preraNAdAyaka saMsthA che. temAM DaoN. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA jevA prazasta vidyAupAsaka niyAmaka tarIke nimAyA pachI to pIeca. DI. (Ph. D.) abhyAsa mATe gujarAta yunivarsiTIe A saMsthAne mAnya karI. kula bAvIsa lAkhano kharca te samaye A saMsthA mATe thayo hato. A rakama kasturabhAI lAlabhAIe potAnAM TrasTa taraphathI ApIne prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti pratyenI potAnI abhiruci ane niSThA vyakta karyA che, je kharekhara prazaMsanIya che. amadAvAdanA premAbhAI haoNlanA navasaMskaraNanuM kArya sAta-ATha varSa cAlyuM ane tenI pAchaLa rU. 55,70,000no kharca thayo. zrI bAlakRSNa dozIe potAnI sthapatikaLAne ahIM mUrtimAna karIne 975 beThakovALA Adhunika haoNlanuM nirmANa karyuM. temAM rUpiyA 32,15,000nuM dAna lAlabhAI cupanA udyogagRhoe ApyuM che. Adhunika zikSaNanA puraskartA : navA jamAnAne anurUpa zikSaNa novijJAna ane TekanolaoNjInuM zikSaNa che. paraMtu prAraMbhamAM I. sa. 1929mAM ArTasa kaoNleja mATe teoe rU. be lAkhanuM dAna ApeluM. tyAra pachI I. sa. 1935mAM amadAvAda ejayukezana sosAyaTInI sthApanA karI. tenA adhyakSa AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva ane saMcAlana samitinA pramukha zrI kasturabhAI hatA. A samitinA prayatnathI ja gujarAta yunivarsiTInI sthApanA thaI. A mATe prathama 100 ekara ane pachIthI pare5 ekara ema kula 625 ekara jamIna ekaMdare rU. 70 lAkhanI kiMmate kharIdavAmAM AvI. tyAra pachI yunivarsiTInAM makAno, zodhasaMsthAo vagerenA nirmANamAM kasturabhAIno phALo khUba ja agatyano rahyo che. AMtararASTrIya khyAtinI amadAvAdanI nIce jaNAvelI anya saMsthAonI sthApanAmAM temanuM sakriya yogadAna che : (1) aTIrA (Ahmedabad Textile Industries Research Association) : A zodha-saMsthA mukhyapaNe TesTAila udyogane lagatuM saMzodhanakArya kare che. I. sa. 1947mAM tenI sthApanA thaI hatI. DaoN. vikrama sArAbhAI tenA mAnArha niyAmaka rahyA hatA. tenuM bhavya bhavana 1954mAM baMdhAyuM hatuM. A saMsthAnuM saMcAlana vaijJAniko pote ja kare che.
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________________ zreSThIvarya zrI nurabhAI lAlabhAI 211 (2) pI. Ara. ela. (Physical Research Laboratory) : DaoN. vikrama sArAbhAIe A saMsthAnI sthApanA I. sa. 1948mAM karI. temAM zrI kasturabhAIe dareka prakArano sahayoga Apyo hato. (3) InDiyana InsTiTyUTa opha menejamenTa (4) skUla oNpha ArkiTekacara (5) nezanala insTiTyUTa oNpha DijhAIna (6) vikrama sArAbhAI sAyansa senTara tA. 9-2-1950 nA roja temanAM dharmapatnIne ekAeka peTamAM dukhAvo UpaDayo. temane hospiTalamAM dAkhala karyA, oNparezana karyuM, paNa tA. 14-2-50 nA roja temanuM avasAna thayuM. kasturabhAIne Ano bhAre AghAta lAgyo. tyAra pachI teo divALI amadAvAdamAM UjavatA nahIM paNa koI tIrthakSetramAM jaI zAMti mATe ciMtana karatA. aMtima vidAma: 86 varSanI paripakava avasthAe kasturabhAIne bolavAmAM takalIpha thaI ane tA. 20-1-1980nA roja amadAvAda mukAme temanuM avasAna thayuM. temanA mRtyunA samAcAra vIjaLIvege sarvatra prasarI gayA. sAdI dhonI, cAdara oDhADIne temanA aMtima saMskAra karavAmAM AvyA ane sadgatanA mAnamAM bIjI badhI milo baMdha rahI paNa temanI potAnI milo, temanI icchA pramANe baMdha nA rahI ! dezaparadezathI hajAronI saMkhyAmAM lokoe A bahulakSI vyaktitvanA dhaNI, ArSadraSTA, udAracetA, zikSaNasaMskAranA mahAna himAyatI, apratima udyogapati ane kaniSTha mahApuruSa upara potAnI zraddhAMjaliono dhodha varasAvyo. kuTuMba, nagara, prAMta, rASTra ane samasta mAnavajAtine eka mahAna hitecchunA mahApramANe nAnAmoTA saune dilagIra karI mUkyA. temanA vyaktitvanA aMgabhUta banI gayelA sadguNo ApaNane ane anya sau koIne paNa potAnuM jIvana uttama banAvavA mATe sadAya preraNA ApatA raheze.