Sheelni Sampada

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Gurjar Sahitya Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034435/1

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zIlanI saMpadA kumArapALa desAI

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zIlanI saMpadA lekhaka kumArapALa desAI gUrjara ejansI ratanapoLa nAkA pAse, gAMdhIroDa, amadAvAda-380 001

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kumArapALa desAI AvRtti : prathama, 2016 kiMmata : arpaNa AgavI kAryadakSatA ane avirata karmazIlatA samAjanA kAje ghasAIne UjaLA thavAnI bhAvanA dharAvanAra sneha, saujanya ane sabhAvanI preraNAmUrti zrI pI. ke. laherI pRSTha saMkhyA : 160 nakala zrImatI nIlAbahena laherIne arpaNa prakAzaka mudraka

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+ 9 = = $ $ jIvanadRSTinuM pAtheya gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTe 'vizvaraMga' nAmanuM eka mukhapatra pragaTa karyuM. e samaye saMsthAnA preraka ane mArgadarzaka evA DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkare 16 pRSThanA nAnakaDA 'vizvaraMgamAM dareka vakhate eka videzI mahAnubhAvanA jIvanano mArmika prasaMga ApavAno Agraha sevyo. e paraMparA e pachI 'vizvavihAra mAM paNa jaLavAtI rahI ane ene kAraNe Aje A traNa pustako 'mananI mirAta', 'jIvananuM javAhira ' ane 'zIlanI saMpadA' pragaTa thaI rahyAM che. AvA videzI mahAnubhAvonA prasaMgonAM aMgrejImAM paNa bahu jUja pustako maLe che ane tethI A prasaMgono aMgrejI anuvAda karavAnuM paNa vicAravAmAM AvyuM. mAnavajIvananAM mUlyo Aje drAvaNapAtramAM AvIne Tharyo che. bAhya paribaLo karatAMya vizeSa ene enA bhItaranAM paribaLo sAthe saMgharSa kheDavo paDe che. upayogitAvAdI saMskRti ane bhautikatAnuM AkarSaNa enA vicAro, mUlyo, siddhAMtone kasoTInI eraNe caDAve che. A saMdarbhamAM ahIM 'zIlanI saMpadAmAM videzanA vicArako, vijJAnIo, sarja ko, citrakAro ane lokasevakonA evA jIvanaprasaMgo AlekhyA che ke jemaNe jIvananI kaTokaTInI paLe aneka paDakAro hovA chatAM satya ke zubhane choDyuM nathI. A prasaMgonI sAthosAtha e vyaktinI thoDI jIvanarekhA paNa AlekhI che, jethI enA vyaktitvanI jhAMkhI thaI zake. A pustakanA prakAzana mATe zrI manubhAI zAhe khuba jahemata uThAvI che. A prasaMgomAMthI vAcakone jagatanI pratibhAonA jIvananI mArmika ghaTanAmAMthI navIna jIvanadRSTi ane maulika abhigama prApta thaze evI AzA rAkhuM chuM. 13-6-2016 kumArapALa desAI amadAvAda 1. paropakAranA zvAsa satkAryanI paraMparA AbhAranI abhivyakti mAnavatAno belI pustakanI preraNA caNavA mATenuM lelu bhItaranI preraNA 8. kartavyanuM saMgIta 9, pramANikatAno prabhAva 10. saMzodhana mATe doDa 11. sainikano gusso 12. zizu samAM che puSpo 13. sevA konI? 14. sUkSma avalokanadRSTi 15. kadI hArIza nahIM 16. dasamI vyaktinI ciMtA 17. rAja gurunuM sthAna 18. moTAIno mada 19. saMzodhananAM phaLa 20. zaramajanaka zaraNAgati 21. lAghavano mahimA koThAsUjhanI jarUra 23. hala hAusa anugAmInA pagale 25. hakIkata pharaze nahIM ! 26. kavinI pratibhA 27. hatAzAne parAjaya 28. hRdayanuM audArya anukrama jena eDamsa benjAmina phrenkalina sisero jyorja sTIphansana varnara hAijhanabarga vornara vulphageMga mojhArTa jyorja harbarTa abrAhama liMkana TerI phoksa kaijhara viliyama bIjo jyorja barnArDa zo rAjA cArlsa pAMcamA cArlsa DArvina vinsTana carcila AlbarTa svAijhara Demosthinisa jyorja vaoNziMgTana cArlsa guDaiyara vinsTana carcila abrAhama liMkana rAlpha vAlDo emarsana jeina eDamsa benjAmina phrenkalina gelilI gaeNliliyo yuthe harbarTa jyorja velsa Aijheka nyUTana 22.

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29. 30. 31. 32. 33. mAtAnI ramUjI vAto AtmamugdhatAne pAra sevAnuM RNa bhasmIbhUta bhUlo DhIMgalIne badale baMdUka eka ja lakSya 34. 35. yuvAnanI oLakhANa 36. ukaLATano artha 37. Tvenano uttara 38. saMpUrNatAno mArga 39. moTo upakAra 40. sarvazreSTha bheTa 41. kavine inAma 42. jIvananI jANakArI 43. saMgItakAranuM audArya 44. 45. dezanetAnuM kartavya 4. navoditone taka 47. kamANIno nazo 48. lekhakano dharma 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. adamya abhyAsavRtti prasannatAnuM rahasya hiMmata hAravI nahIM pIDA ane ullAsa kalAkAranI javAbadArI vastrone nimaMtraNa dIvAvALI devI mArka Tvena nepoliyana bonApArTa mAikala eNnjelo thomasa AlvA eDisana eNDaoNlpha hiTalara krisTophara kolaMbasa liyo TaoNlsTaoNya abrAhama liMkana mArka Tvena mAikala eNnjelo thaoNmasa para DeviDa Aijhanahovara eDamanDa spensara sAMkreTisa harbarTa hUvara jyorja vaoNziMgTana lenina Tarnara samaraseTa maoNma viliyama phaoNkanara viliyama varDjhavartha sTIva jobsa renvA brAhmasa jyorja barnArDa zaoN phlorensa nAiTiMgela 65 67 69 31 33 35 37 9 81 83 85 83 91 93 95 97 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 55. kheDUtano vizvAsa 5. prAraMbhe prayoga 57. sainikanI jiMdagI 58. sarjakanuM sAhasa 59. 6. 61. 62. 63. mATIno mAnavI vahevuM e ja jIvana suvarNanuM bhojana mahAnatAnAM bIja adbhuta abhivAdana paNa tethI zuM ? sArAM kAma karaje kIcaDamAM AnaMda 8. hatAzA cAle nahIM 69. puruSArthanI pratibhA 70. Dare te bIjA 31. 7ra. 33. 64. 65. 66. 67. mAnavajAtanI sevA 74. 75. 76. Izvarano vizvAsa lAgaNIno sparza bagIco ke jaMgala eTalI ja prArthanA huM rahI na zakuM kesano ukela e. je. kronina mAikala pheraDe haoNreziyo nelsana liyo TaoNlsTaoNya lUI pAzcara vaoNrana bapheTa ho-cI minha sikaMdara abrAhama liMkana jimI pUrAMTa henrI phorDa liyo TaoNlsTaoNya 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147 149 abrAhama liMkana 151 saeNmyuala Telara kolarija 153 jekvelina keneDI 155 157 159 cyAMgatsu thomasa AlvA eDisana lUI pAzcara vUDro vilsana cArlsa enDrujha 117 119 121 123 125 127 129 131 thomasa jepharasana abrAhama liMkana

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je na eDamsano zvAsa hato paropakAra ane ucchavAsa hato sevA. paropakAranA bIjAne mATe kaMIka karI chUTavAnI bhAvanA satata A yuvatInA hRdayamAM guMjatI hatI. zvAsa, kaoNlejano abhyAsa pUrNa thatAM eNe sevAzrama sthApavAno vicAra karyo. A vicAra hajI AkAra dhAraNa kare te pUrve jena eDamsanA jIvanamAM jhaMjhAvAta Avyo. enI zArIrika asvasthatAnI tapAsa karatAM DaoNkTaroe kahyuM ke jena eDamsane evo jIvaleNa roga lAgu paDyo che ke tenuM AyuSya vadhumAM vadhu cha mahinAnuM gaNAya! jena eDamsa vicAravA lAgI ke khera, cha mahinAnuM AyuSya to maLyuM che ne ! sevAnAM svapnane sAkAra karavAnI ane jiMdagIne sArthaka karavAnI taka to hajI UbhI ja che ne ! eNe vikalAMga bALako mATe kAryarata evI saMsthAmAM rAtadivasa kAma karavA mAMDyuM. bALakone bhojana karAve, abhyAsa karAve, emanI sAthe jAta-jAtanI ramato rame ane rAtre bALakone rasabharapUra bALavArtAo kahe. vikalAMga bALakone jana eDamsa vinA eka paLa paNa zIlanI saMpadA kumArapALa desAI zIlanI saMpadA 9

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kaparI lAgavA mAMDI. bIjI bAju jena eDamsa Izvara pAse thoDuM vadhu jIvana mAgatI ke jethI A bALakone vizeSa prema ApI zake, e svAvalaMbI banIne samAjamAM Arthika rIte sanmAnabhera jIvI zake. | vikalAMga bALako jena eDamsane bhAvabharI bheTa ApatAM, paNa te kaMI svIkAratI nahIM. samaya jatAM eDamsa AyuSyanA zeSa mahinAonI gaNatarI paNa choDI dIdhI. mAtra eTalo ja niradhAra karyo ke jiMdagInI paLepaLano vikalAMga bALakonA AnaMda kAje upayoga karavo. jena eDamsa eMzI varSa sudhI jIvyAM ane Aje paNa emanI smRtimAM anAtha ane vikalAMga bALakono sevAzrama cAle che. kAramI garIbAI ane apAra muzkelIo sAthe benjAmina phrenkalinanuM satkAryanI bALapaNa vItyuM. enA pitA sAbu ane | mINabattI banAvatA hatA. pitAnuM e paraMparA. dasamuM saMtAna hatA. emanA pitAne kula sattara saMtAna hatAM. bArame varSe abhyAsa choDIne prinTiMga presamAM eprenTIsa tarIke joDAyA. emaNe 'pensilaveniyA gaeNjheTa' nAmanuM dainika zarU karyuM. paMcAMga chApavA lAgyA. A mathAmaNanA divasomAM benjAmina phrenkaline eka mitra pAsethI 20 DaoNlara uchInA lIdhA. zarata karI hatI ke jevI thoDI kamANI thaze ke tarata A rakama pAchI vALI deze. thoDA samaye 20 DaoNlara bhegA thatAM benjAmina phrenkalina emane e rakama pAchI ApavA gayA. emanA mitrae eno asvIkAra karatAM kahyuM, tamane khare vakhate A 20 DaoNlaranI madada karI e ja rIte tame A 20 DaoNlarathI koI jarUriyAtavALAne madadarUpa thajo. e vyakti jyAre e rakama pAchI ApavA Ave tyAre meM janma : 6 sapTembara, 1860, keDaravile, ilinoisa, amerikA avasAna : 21 me, 193pa, zikAgo, ilinoisa, amerikA 10 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 11

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tamane kahyuM ema ja kahejo.' benjAmina phrenkalinane A vAta sAMbhaLIne Azcarya thayuM. eNe kahyuM, "tame AvuM zA mATe kaho cho ? tamArI vAtano marma zo che?" pelI vyaktie uttara Apyo, "mArI vAtano marma e ke A rIte mArI A rakama jarUriyAtavALAne maLatI rahe ane e jarUriyAtavALI vyakti samaya jatAM e rakamathI bIjAne sahAyarUpa thAya." 12 benjAmina phrenkaline mitranI vAta svIkArI lIdhI. A vIsa DaoNlara keTalAya lokone sahAyarUpa banyA. janma 1 17 jAnyuArI, 1706, bosTana, amerikA avasAna : 17 eprila, 1390, philADelphiyA, pensilaveniyA, apeAi. zIlanI saMpadA romana sAmrAjyanA prasiddha rAjapuruSa ane tethIya vadhu ati samartha AbhAranI vaktA sisero. emanA vidyArthIgaNamAM abhivyakti apAra cAhanA dharAvatA zikSaka hatA. vaLI sAmrAjyanA ucca vargamAM AdarapAtra vyakti tarIke jANItA hatA. emanI samAraMbhomAM upasthiti ati AnaMdadAyI banI rahetI hatI, tethI emane bhojananAM satata nimaMtraNo maLatAM rahetAM hatAM. eka vAra siseronA atyaMta priya vidyArthIe bhojanasamAraMbha yojyo. sAmAnya rIte sisero potAnA vidyArthIone tyAM yojAtA bhojanasamAraMbhamAM jatA nahIM, paraMtu apavAda rUpe potAnA A mAnItA vidyArthIne tyAM gayA. e vidyArthI ane enA samagra parivAranA AnaMdanI sImA na rahI, kAraNa ke sisero jevI vikhyAta vyakti emanuM nimaMtraNa svIkArIne emane ghera AvI hatI. A badhAe siserone vikhyAta ciMtako, sAmAjika agraNIo ane sAmrAjyanA adhikArIo sAthe joyA hatA. zIlanI saMpadA 13

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emaNe siserone chaTAdAra zailImAM prabhAvazALI vaktavya ApatA sAMbhaLyA hatA ane enAthI teo maMtramugdha thayA hatA. gharanA nokara-cAkara paNa A viziSTa vyaktinI upasthitithI prabhAvita thayA hatA. bhojanasamAraMbha bAda siseroe gharanI dareka mahattvanI vyaktine bolAvIne emano AdarapUrvaka AbhAra mAnyo. e pachI teo bhojanakhaMDa tarapha gayA ane rasoiyAne maLI enI sAthe hastadhUnana karatAM kahyuM, "tamAro khUba AbhAra. tame banAvelI vAnagIo svAdiSTa hatI. ane je premathI tame e pIsI tethI e ati svAdiSTa lAgI." gulAma jevA rasoiyAnI AMkhamAMthI AMsu sarI paDyAM, kAraNa ke Aja sudhI koIe kyAreya eno AvI rIte AbhAra mAnyo nahoto. 14 janma avasAna - 3 jAnyuArI, 106 bI.sI., romana ripablika - 7 Disembara, 43 bI.sI., phorminA, romana ripablika zIlanI saMpadA mAnavatAno belI jyorja sTIphansane zodhelA khANo mATenA surakSA laeNmpe aneka khANiyAonAM vana bacAvyAM. bIjAnuM jIvana bacAvavA mATe jyorja sTIphansane potAnuM jIvana hoDamAM mUkyuM hatuM. emaNe khANamAM UtarIne jvalanazIla vAyu vacce laeNmpa rAkhIne svayaM eno prayoga karavAno niradhAra karyo. mitroe A saMzodhakane AvuM jokhamI kAma karavA jatAM vAryo, paraMtu sTIphansana enA nizcayamAM dRDha rahyo. koIe ema kahyuM paNa kharuM ke A khANamAM ghaNo gaeNsa bharelo che ane jo e enA prayogamAM niSphaLa jaze to nizcitapaNe saLagI jaIne mRtyu pAmaze. khANa e ja emanI aMtima kSaNanI aganapathArI banaze. maravo jyorja sTIphansana laeNmpanuM parIkSaNa karavA khANamAM nIce javA lAgyo, tyAre enA bIjA sAthIo khANamAMthI pAchA AvyA ane surakSita sthAne UbhA rahyA. jyorja sTIphansana khANanI aMdara gayo. khUba nIce pahoMcyo zIlanI saMpadA 15

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ane jvalanazIla gesa vacce eNe potAno lempa mUkyo. dhairyathI potAnA prayoganA pariNAmanI pratIkSA karavA lAgyo. prAraMbhamAM to e laeNmpanI jyota bhaDakAnI mAphaka khUba vadhI gaI, pachI e bhaDakAmAM dhImuM dhImuM kaMpana zarU thayuM ane pachI dhIre dhIre kSINa thaIne e bujhAI gaI. khANanA gesamAM koI vikRti AvI nahIM ke Aga phATI nIkaLI nahIM. jyorja sTIphansanane potAnA prayogamAM saphaLatA maLI ane saphaLatAnI sAthosAtha khANiyAo mATe sauprathama surakSA lempa sarjanAra tarIkenuM A sAhasika saMzodhakane gaurava sAMpaDyuM. ogaNIsa varSano jarmana yuvAna varnara hAijha nabarga nizALanA cokIdAra pustakanI tarIke kAma karato hato. ene vAMcavAno bhAre zokha. preraNA e ka vAra A cokIdAra hAijhanabargane vikhyAta tattvajJAnI pleTonuM 'TAimapusa" nAmanuM saMvAdAtmaka pustaka maLyuM. A pustakamAM prAcIna grIsanA paramANusiddhAMtanI carcA karavAmAM AvI hatI. yuvAna cokIdArane AmAM khUba rasa paDyo. emAMthI bhautika vijJAnanA viSayamAM enI rUci jAgI. eNe A vize satata vAMcavA mAMDyuM ane manamAM A kSetramAM AgaLa AvavAno nirdhAra karyo. trevIsa varSano thayo, tyAM sudhImAM to bhautika vijJAnanAM enAM saMzodhanothI sarvatra jANIto banI gayo ane goTiMjana yunivarsiTImAM pro. maeNksa plAnkanA sahAyakapade enI niyukti thaI. nizALano cokIdAra yunivarsiTInA adhyApaka banyo. e pachI satata bhautika vijJAnamAM saMzodhana karato rahyo ane eka janma : 9 jUna, 1381, vAlama, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 12 oNgasTa, 1848, TepaTane hAusa, cesTaphiDa, iMglenDa 16 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 17

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pachI eka navA zikharo sara karavA lAgyo. chavvIsa varSa to lipajhika yunivarsiTImAM prophesaranuM pada meLavyuM. enAM saMzodhano deza-videzamAM khyAti arjita karatAM rahyAM ane batrIsa varSanI uMmare pahoMcatA sudhImAM to agAunAM cha-sAta varSanA saMzodhanone AdhAre bhautika vijJAnamAM asAdhAraNa pradAna karavA mATe 1932nuM nobela pAritoSika enAyata karavAmAM AvyuM. Ama eka pustakanI preraNAe sAmAnya cokIdArane nobela pAritoSika-vijetA ane samartha bhautikazAstrI banAvyA. lelu phrAMsa krAMtinA sarjakomAM vottera | mokhare rahyo. vottera tIkSNa buddhizakti caNavA mATenuM dharAvato hato ane AMjI nAMkhe evI vAkachaTA enI pAse hatI. potAno kakko sAco karI batAvavAmAM e nipuNa hato. vakhata Avye potAnI khoTI vAtane paNa evI tarkajALathI rajU karato ke sAmI vyaktine e sAcI lAgatI. sacoTa dalIlo karIne e potAnI khoTI vAtane paNa sAcI TheravI zakato. AvA vorlarane TaoNmasa kArlAilano meLApa thayo. TaoNmasa kArlAila iMglenDanA vikhyAta tattvaciMtaka, nibaMdhakAra ane itihAsakAra hatA. voltaranI vANImAM Aga hatI, to kArlAilanI vANImAM mITho chAMyaDo hato. voltare eka vakhata kArlAilanI samakSa duniyAnI tamAma bAbato vize baLabaLatI zailImAM AkarI TIkAo karI, badhuM ja jamInadosta karIne dhvaMsa karavAnI jarUra hovAnuM eNe ugra ane AkrozapUrNa bhASAmAM varNavyuM. voltaranI saghaLI TIkAo sAMbhaLIne kArlAile ene sAva sIdhI-sAdI vANImAM kahyuM, zIlanI saMpadA 19 janma : pa bira, 101, varjhabarga, jarmanI avasAna : 1 phebruArI, 1936. myunika, jarmanI 18 zIlanI saMpadA

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"tamArI pAse bhAMgIne bhukko karI nAkhavA mATe hathoDo che, caNavA mATenuM lelu tame rAkhatA ja nathI." buddhizALI ane vAcatura volTera kArlAilanA sIdhA-sAdA savAlano javAba ApI zakyA nahIM. 20 janma : 21 navembara, 1994, paeNrisa, phransa avasAna : 30, 1778, paeNrisa, phrAnsa zIlanI saMpadA pazcimI jagatanA mahAna saMgItaniyojaka (kaMpojhara) vulphageMga bhItaranI emiDiyasa mojhArTa saMgItanI janmajAta pratibhA dharAvato hato. preraNA enA pitA loyopolDa putranI A ruci pahelethI pArakhI gayA. emaNe pitA ane gurunuM bevaDuM kAma karyuM. mojhArTanI pratibhA eTalI jhaDapathI pAMgarI ke e pAMca varSano thayo, tyAre eNe saMgItaniyojananuM kArya zarU karyuM ane traNa varSamAM to enI saMgItaracanAo pragaTa karavA mAMDI. ATha varSanI vayano mojhArTa pitAnI AMgaLI pakaDIne yuropanI yAtrAe gayo ane yuropanAM rAjadarabAromAM ane mahAnagaromAM eNe potAnI kalAthI sahunAM hRdaya jItI lIdhAM. mAtra cauda varSanI vaye vulphageMga mojhArTane sAljhabarganA darabAranA vAdakavRMdamAM nokarI maLI. AvA mojhArTa pAse suMdara rIte piyAno vagADato bAra varSano bALaka Avyo. eNe kahyuM, "huM keTalIka saMgItaracanAo karavA mAguM chuM, to kaI rIte eno prAraMbha karuM ?" mojhArTe kahyuM, "A mATe utAvaLa na kara. abhyAsa cAlu zIlanI saMpadA 21

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rAkha. saMgItasarjana karavA mATe tAre thoDI rAha jovI paDaze." chokarAe kahyuM, "mArI uMmara bAra varSanI che. Ape kAma zarU karyuM tyAre ApanI uMmara pAMca varSanI hatI, to huM kema atyAre saMgItaracanA na karI zakuM ?" vizvakhyAta vulphageMga mojhArTe kahyuM, "tArI vAta sAcI che ke meM pAMcamA varSe saMgItaniyojanano prAraMbha karyo hato, paraMtu meM A aMge koInI salAha lIdhI nahotI. jyAre aMdarathI preraNA thaI ane enA vagara rahI zakyo nahIM, tyAre saMgItaracanA karI hatI. evI preraNAnI rAha jo." 22 janma - 27 jAnyuArI, 1756, sAljhabarga, osTriyA - 5 Disembara, 1791, viyenA, osTriyA avasAna zIlanI saMpadA vikhyAta saMgItakAra jyorja harbarTanI khyAti eTalI badhI prasarelI kartavyanuM hatI ke emanA saMgItanA kAryakrmanI saMgIta TikiTo meLavavI muzkela hatI. zrotAo keTalAya divaso pUrve A kAryakrmanI TikiTo meLavI letA ane A mahAna saMgItakAranuM saMgIta sAMbhaLavA sadaiva utsuka rahetA. eka divasa saMgItakAra jyorja harbarTa sarasa majAno, kiMmatI zUTa paherIne kAryakrmanA sthaLe javA nIkaLyA. rastAmAM emaNe joyuM to eka moTuM ToLuM ekaThuM thayeluM hatuM. rastA para khullA rahI gayelA gaTaranA DhAMkaNAmAM eka ghoDAgADIvALAnA ghoDAnA baMne paga phasAI gayA hatA. ghoDAgADIvALo ghoDAnA paga bahAra kADhavA mATe ekalo, khUba mahenata karato hato, paraMtu e paga bahAra kADhI zakato nahoto. AsapAsa lokonuM ToLuM ekaThuM thayuM hatuM, paraMtu koI ghoDAgADIvALAne madada karavA mATe taiyAra na hatA. sahune potAnAM kapaDAMnI ciMtA hatI, kAraNa ke ghoDAno paga kADhavA jatAM kAdavakIcaDa UchaLe tema hatuM. saMgItakAra jyorja harbarTe A dazya joyuM. e tarata potAnA zIlanI saMpadA 23

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vAhanamAMthI UtaryA, koTa kADhIne ghoDAgADImAM mUkyo ane khamIsanI baMne bAMyo caDAvIne gADIvALAne madada karavA lAgI gayA. khUba mahenata pachI ghoDAnA baMne paga bahAra kADhavA eTale A saMgItakAra potAno koTa laIne kAryakramanA sabhAgRha tarapha cAlI nIkaLyo. ghoDAgADIvALAnI icchA emano AbhAra mAnavAnI hatI, paraMtu jyorja harbarTa jhaDapathI cAlyA gayA. kAdavathI kharaDAyelAM kapaDAM sAthe saMgItakAra jyorja harbarTa sTeja para AvyA. hajI paDado UMcakAyo nahoto. emanA sahAyake kahyuM, "jyorja harbarTa, Aje to tamArA saMgItanI sAthe tamArAM vastro paNa sahunA AkarSaNanuM kendra banaze. zrotAo A kAdavakIcaDathI melAM kapaDAM joIne zuM vicAraze ? emane kAryakramamAM majA Avaze kharI ?" jyorja harbarTa AkhI ghaTanA kahI ane kahyuM, "jo meM ghoDAnA paga bahAra kADhyA na hota, to Aje mArA haiyAmAMthI surIluM saMgIta nIkaLI zakata nahIM. mAruM besUruM saMgIta sAMbhaLIne zrotAjanone AghAta thayo hota. jyAre atyAre mArA hRdayamAM abola prANIne sahAya karavAnuM mAruM kartavya pUrNa karavAno evo to AnaMda ane ullAsa che ke mArI saMgItanI sUrAvalIo sahu koIne mugdha karI deze." e divase jyorja harbarTe ApeluM saMgIta sahu zrotAone mATe avismaraNIya banI rahyuM. 1837nI 15mI eprila abrAhama liMkane spriMgaphilDamAM jaIne pramANikatAno vakIlAta karavAno nirdhAra karyo. nyU sAlemamAM vasato abrAhama liMkana jyAre prabhAva giphilDathI nIkaLyo, tyAre tene mAthe 1 100 DaoNlaranuM devuM hatuM. khissAmAM gaNIne 7 DaoNlaranI rokaDa rakama hatI. eka thelImAM samAya eTalI enI mAlamattA hatI. mitranI pAsethI mAgIne ANelA ghoDA para besIne liMkana spriMgaphilDa javA nIkaLyo. spriMgaphilDanI bajAramAM eka dukAnamAM beThelA spIDa nAmanA yuvAna pAse liMkane rahevA mATenI gharavakharInI mAgaNI karI. spIDe spaSTapaNe kahyuM ke eka eka khATalo ane gAdalAM-cAdaranI kula kiMmata sattara DaoNlara thaze. abrAhamanA gajavAmAM to mAtra sAta DaoNlara hatA. sattare DaoNlara lAvavA kyAMthI ? garIbIthI gherAyelA liMkane hiMmata ekaThI karIne spIDane kahyuM, "huM spriMgaphilDa zaheramAM vakIlAta karavA Avyo chuM. nAtAla sudhI mane khATalo, gAdaluM ane cAdara udhAra Apo. eTalA samayamAM huM tamArA paisA jarUra cUkavI daIza." spIDane sahaja rIte sahAnubhUti thaI ane eNe kahyuM, zIlanI saMpadA 25 janma : 3 eprila, 1pa3, monTagomarI, veba bemaraTona, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 1 mArca, 133, baeNna, iMglaeNnDa 24 zIlanI saMpadA

Page #15
"juo, ATalI rakama na hoya to eka bIjo rasto batAvuM. mArI A dukAnanA mALa paranA oraDAmAM be mANasa sUI zake tevo moTo khATalo che. ApaNe baMne e khATalAmAM suI jaIzuM, AthI tamAre koI kharca karavo nahIM paDe." Ama, 28 varSanA abrAhama liMkanane spIDanI dukAnanA mALa para rahevAnuM maLyuM. ahIM samI sAMje pragatizIla yuvAno bhegA thaIne rAja kAraNa, samAja ane sAhitya vize carcAo karatA. e pachI pacIseka varSa bAda liMkana amerikAnA pramukha banatAM spriMgaphilDa choDyuM, paraMtu spIDa sAthenI enI maitrI jIvanaparyata TakI rahI. MARATHO 1977mAM keneDAnI haoNspiTalamAM bAvIsa varSano TerI phoksa jIvaleNa saMzodhana mATe kensarano bhoga banyo. kensarane vadhatuM aTakAvavA mATe | oNparezana karIne TerI phoksano paga kApI nAkhavAmAM Avyo ane kapAyelA paganI jagAe kRtrima paga lagADavAmAM Avyo. TerI phokse jAyuM ke kaeNnsara asAdhya roga che ane nANAMnA abhAve ene vize joIe teTaluM saMzodhana thatuM nathI. AthI TerI phoksa eka paganA sahAre keneDAnA samagra dariyAkinArAne ghUmI vaLavAnuM nakkI karyuM. potAnI A doDa dvArA e kaeNnsaranA saMzodhana mATe phALo ekatrita karavA mAgato hato. enI A doDa te 'eka paganI doDa" tarIke keneDAmAM jANItI thaI ane ene kensaranA saMzodhana mATe dasa lAkha DaoNlara maLyA. enI A doDamAM aDadhe pahoMcyo tyAre kensaranA roga ene gherI lIdho. TerI phoksa eka page 3,339 mAIlanuM aMtara pasAra karyuM hatuM. janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hojenavile, kendrakI rAjaya, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 183pa, voziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA 26 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 27

Page #16
akhabAra, reDiyo ane Telivijhane 'TerI phoksa kaeNnsara phaMDamAM phALo ApavAnI jehAda jagAvI. AnA pariNAme A phaMDamAM be karoDa DaoNlara rakama ekaThI thaI je kensaranA saMzodhana mATe vAparavAmAM AvI keneDAnA gavarnara janarale TerI phoksane "keneDAno sauthI mahAna nAgarika" tarIkenuM sanmAna ApyuM. Aje prati varSa 19hmI sapTembare keneDAmAM TerI phoksanI smRtimAM doDanuM Ayojana thAya che. AmAM bhAga lenArA loko kensaranA roga paranA saMzodhana mATe Ajeya phALo ekatrita kare che. gusso. jarmanIno samrATa kaeNjhara viliyama bIjo ugra rASTravAda ane prakhara sainikano sAmrAjyavAdano puraskartA hato. jarmanInA A samrATe lazkarI tAkAta vadhArI, naukAdaLane majabUta karyuM, emano irAdo eziyA ane AphrikAnA dezomAM jarmana saMsthAno sthApavAno hato. AnuM eka kAraNa e hatuM ke jarmanIe apratima audyogika vikAsa sAdhyo hato. te udyogane mATe kAcA mAlanI jarUra paDe. AthI bIjA dezo para vijaya meLavIne tyAMthI kAco mAla lAvavo, jethI jarmanInI dyogika pragati jaLavAI rahe. kaeNjhare barlinathI bagadAda sudhInI relave lAinanI eka yojanA paNa banAvI hatI, paraMtu iMglenDa ane phrAMsano virodha thatAM e yojanA sAkAra na thaI. prathama vizvayuddhamAM jhaMpalAvyuM te pahelAM kejhara sviTjharlenDanI mulAkAte gayo hato. sviTjharlenDanA adhikArIoe emane lazkarI killA batAvyA. enA kasAyelA sainikonI kavAyata batAvI. A samaye kaijhare sviTjharlenDanA eka sainikane pUchayuM, "tame janma : 28 julAI 1958, vinipega, manITobA, keneDA avasAna : 28 jUna 1981, briTiza kolaMbiyA 28 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 29

Page #17
pAMca lAkha sainiko cho ane dhAryuM nizAna sAdho cho paNa ame daza lAkha mANaso laIne tamArA deza para AkramaNa karIe to tame zuM karo ?" to amArAmAMthI pratyeka sainikane baMdUkamAMthI ekane badale be goLI choDavI paDe." sainikanA A javAbe svitjharlenDanA jussAno paricaya Apyo. Ane pariNAme prathama vizvayuddha mATe kejhara sviTjharlenDanA raste javAne badale potAnI senAne beljiyamanA mArge laI gayo hato. prasiddha aMgreja nATyakAra jyorja barnArDa zaoN emanA cAturya mATe sarvatra zizu samAM | prasiddha hatA. emanuM hRdaya umadA mAnavIya bhAvothI bhareluM hatuM. che puSpo e jamAnAmAM briTanavAsIone phUladAnIno AMdhaLo zokha jAgyo hato. gharanI sajAvaTamAM phUladAnInuM ghaNuM mahattva hatuM. koI paNa gharamAM pravezo eTale Thera Thera judAM judAM phUlonI gUMthaNI karIne taiyAra karelI phUladAnIo jovA maLatI. jyorja barnArDa zaoNno eka mitra emane maLavA Avyo. ne gharamAM pravezatAM eNe joyuM to koI puSpa-sajAvaTe nahotI. dAnInI vAta to dUra rahI, paraMtu kyAMya koI phUla paNa najare caDatuM na hatuM. AgaMtuke AzcaryathI pUchayuM, huM to ema mAnato hato ke Apa phUlane khUba cAho cho, tethI ApanuM ghara raMgaberaMgI phUladAnIothI suzobhita haze, paraMtu mAre mATe AzcaryanI vAta e che ke ApanA gharamAM phUladAnI to zuM, paNa eka nAnuM sarakhuM gulAba paNa jovA maLatuM nathI." janma 27 jAnyuArI 1859, krAuna prinsa paeNlesa, barlina, parsiyA, jarmanI avasAna : 4 jUna 1941, luisa dUrna, dUrna, nedharalaeNnDa 30 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 31

Page #18
jyorja barnArDa zaoNe kahyuM, "ApanI vAta sAcI che. huM phUlone puSkaLa cAhuM chuM, paNa mAro prema anokho che." AgaMtukane jijJAsA thaI ke A anokho eTale zuM ? badhAM phUlone cAhatA hoya che, emAM vaLI kayA prakAranuM judApaNuM ? jyorja barnArDa zaoNe kahyuM, "mAre mana A phUlo eTale nAnAM kumaLAM bALako. huM jeTalAM bALakone cAhuM chuM, eTalAM A phUlone cAhuM chuM. nAnakaDA nirdoSa zizune joIne ApaNane keTaluM badhuM vahAla thAya che! paNa e vahAlane ApaNe toDI-macaDIne vyakta karatA nathI. basa, A ja rIte suMdara raMgaberaMgI puSpone toDIne enAthI phUladAnI sajAvavAnI gustAkhI huM karI zakuM nahIM." 32 janma : 26 julAI, 1856, blina, AyarlenDa avasAna - 2 navembara, 1950, eMyoTa seMTa laoNrensa, iMglaeNnDa zIlanI saMpadA eka divase iMglaeNnDanA rAjA cArlsa pAMcamAe potAnA aMgata sacivane kahyuM sevA konI? ke enA darabArI vartuLano mahattvano aMgata sabhya ane eno vaphAdAra mitra bImAra che. enA svAsthyanI sthiti jANIne emane jANa kare. aMgata sacive tapAsa karIne rAjAne kahyuM ke emanA vaphAdAra darabArInI sthiti atyaMta gaMbhIra che. A sAMbhaLatAM ja rAjA cArlsa enA ghera doDI gayA. darabArInA khaMDamAM gayA, enA svAsthya aMge pRcchA karI. rAjAe enI sAthe ekAMtamAM vAtacIta karavAnI icchA pragaTa karatAM badhA e khaMDanI bahAra nIkaLI gayA. rAjAe darabArIne ekAMtamAM atyaMta gaLagaLA, lAgaNIbharyA avAje pUchyuM, "mArA parama sAthI, kema che tArI tabiyata ?" darabArI mAMDa mAMDa bolI zakato hato. eNe dhImA avAje kahyuM, "zahenazAha, mArI tabiyata ghaNI kharAba che." rAjAe AzvAsana ApatAM kahyuM, "nA, tuM jarUra svastha zIlanI saMpadA 33

Page #19
thaI jaIza. Ama hiMmata hArIza nahIM. kahe, huM tAre mATe zuM karuM ?" vaphAdAra darabArIe dhImA truTaka avAje kahyuM, "mane... eka divasa... vadhu jivADo." rAjAe kahyuM, "oha ! emAM mAruM na cAle. e to IzvaranA hAthanI vAta." aMtima zvAsa letAM darabArIe kahyuM, "oha ! AnA badale meM IzvaranI sevA karI hota to vadhu sAruM thAta !" e chokarAne na bhaNavuM game, na ramavuM game. enA jIvanamAM basa eka ja sukSma vAta ane te - ene kudaratanA khoLe rAta-divasa rahevuM game. avalokanadRSTi pitA A chokarAne DaoNkTara banAvavA mATe saghaLA prayatna karI chUTyA, paraMtu A chokaro vo ke UMDA abhyAsane badale taka ke rajA maLatAM kudaratanA Lei jaIne besI jAya. pitAne lAgyuM ke dIkaro koI paNa saMjogomAM DaoNkTara thAya + nathI, tethI nirupAye ene pAdarI banAvavA mATenI skUlamAM ratI karyo. A chokarAe pAdarI thavAnI padavI ane yogyatA meLavI, paraMtu enuM mana to dharma-darzananA badale kudarata-darzanamAM DUbeluM hatuM. Ane mATe eNe pazupakSIonAM avalokano karyA. paththaro ke khaDaka, vana ke vanaspati ane mAnavI ke prANIonA jarUrI namUnAo ekaThA karyA. enI bArIkAIthI tapAsa karIne noMdha lakhI. e noMdha para paNa UMDuM manana karyuM. janma : 21 jAnyuArI, 1338, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 16 sapTembara, 1387, iMglaeNnDa 34 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA rUpa

Page #20
evAmAM pAMca varSanI lAMbI saphara karavAnI taka maLI. pachI to pUchavuM ja zuM ? A chokarAe potAnA anubhavonuM pustaka lakhavA mAMDyuM. emAM eNe utkrAMtivAdanI vicAraNA ApI. A pustaka jagatanI vicAradhArAnI sikala palaTI nAkhI. pustaka ghaNuM moMghu hovA chatAM doDha mahinAmAM to enI badhI nakala vecAI gaI. enI bIjI AvRtti thaI. A chokaro utkrAMtivAdanA puraskartA cArlsa robina DArvina tarIke jagatamAM jANIto thayo. AThamA dhoraNamAM bhaNato vinsTana carcila aMgrejI viSayamAM ghaNo nabaLo kadI hArIza hato. Ane kAraNe ene AThamA dhoraNamAM traNa varSa karavAM paDyAM. A ja carcilane nahIM keTalAMka varSa bAda oNksapharDa yunivarsiTIe pravacana mATe bolAvyA. potAnI rojiMdI chaTA pramANe mukhamAM sigAra, hAthamAM lA DI ane UMcI haMTa sAthe carcila sabhAkhaMDamAM AvyA. teo vaktavya ApavA UbhA thayA tyAre zrotAoe ziSTAcAra mujaba vaktAnuM tAlIonA gaDagaDATathI abhivAdana karyuM. potAnI AgavI TathI carcile zrotAsamUhane besavAnuM kahyuM ane pote poDiyama e jaIne UbhA rahyA. sigArane bAjue mUkI. poDiyama para saMbhALapUrvaka UMcI iMTa mUkI ane potAnA cAhako samakSa AtmavizvAsapUrvaka UbhA rahyA. carcilanuM A paheluM mahattvanuM pravacana hatuM. emaNe janamedanI tarapha dRSTipAta karyo. carcilanA kAnamAM koI kahI gayuM, 'navara giva apa.' arthAt hatAza thayA vinA kAryasiddhi meLavaje. janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, dha mAunTa, zrobarI, iMglenDa avasAna : 19 eprila, 1882, phAuna, ilaeNnDa 36 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 37

Page #21
emanA karNapaTala para A avAjo athaDAyA. janamedanImAM nIrava zAMti hatI. carcile emanuM prAraMbhika pravacana ApyuM. tALIono dhvani gAjI UDyo. carcila haMTa laIne UbhA thayA. lAkaDI laIne sabhAmaMca choDI gayA. vizvayuddhamAM iMglenDane saphaLa netRtva pUruM pADanAra sara vinsTana carcilanI adbhuta vAchaTAthI sahu koI maMtramugdha thaI jatA hatA. emanAM pravacanoe vizvayuddhanA kaparA samayamAM iMglenDanuM khamIra TakAvI rAkhyuM. mahAna mAnavatAvAdI AlbarTa svAinjhara ghaNA lAMbA samaya bAda dasamI amerikAnI mulAkAte AvyA hatA. vyaktinI ciMtA AphrikAnAM ghanaghora jaMgalomAM e samayanA aNaghaDa ane evA AphrikanonI sevAnuM kArya karanAra A DaoNkTaranI nAmanA sarvatra phelAyelI hatI. DaoN. AlbarTa svAinjharanA Agamana aMge AnaMda vyakta karavA mATe emanA nikaTanA keTalAka mitro ane zubhecchakoe eka samAraMbhanuM Ayojana karyuM. A samAraMbha hoTalamAM rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato ane hoTalane zaNagAravAmAM AvI hatI. vaLI prasaMgane anurUpa sAdAIpUrNa kiMtu suMdara lAge tevuM eka Tebala khAsa zaNagAreluM hatuM. AlbarTa svAinjharanuM Agamana thayuM ane sahue TUMkA pravacanothI emane AvakAra Apyo. enA Ayoja ke AlbarTa svAinjharanI AdarapUrvaka oLakhavidhi karAvI. sahue tAlIonA harSadhvanithI AlbarTa svAinjharane vadhAvI lIdhA. janma : 30 navembara, 1834, 3DasToka, iMglenDa avasAna : 24 jAnyuArI, 1965, hAiDa pArka geTa, iMglaeNnDa 38 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 39

Page #22
bhojananA prAraMbhe eka kaMka lAvavAmAM AvI ane tene suzobhita Tebala para mUkIne AlbarTa svAinjharane kaika kApavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM. svAijhare caLakatuM caDuM hAthamAM lIdhuM ane potAnA sahita kula keTalI vyaktio che tenI gaNatarI karI. kula nava vyaktio hatI. svAinkare barAbara dhyAnathI kaMkanA dasa TukaDA karyA. sahune Azcarya thayuM. vyakti nava ane dasa TukaDA kema ? svAijhare kahyuM, "ApaNe nava chIe, paNa A dasamo TukaDo e sanmAnanIya nArI mATe che je A bhojanasamAraMbha daramiyAna ApaNane sahune bhojana pIrasavAnI che." lokazAhInA cAhaka ane mahAna vaktA De mAMsthinisa eNthensanA rAjaguranuM rAjanItijJa puruSa tarIke moTI nAmanA sthAna dharAvatA hatA. grIsanA vizvavijetA sikaMdaranA pitA philipanI sAme e nirbhayatAthI pravacano ApatA hatA. rAjA philipane lokazAhI virodhI sAmrAjyavAdI ane krUra vijetA tarIke oLakhAvatA hatA. trIsa trIsa varSa sudhI rAjA philipanI johukamIno virodha ranAra Demosthinise eNthensanA lokonI AgevAnI laIne moTI laData ApI. eka rAjAe emane rAja gurunuM pada svIkAravA nimaMtraNa mokalyuM. mahAna vidvAna ane vicAraka Demosthinisa pAse rAjasevaka Avyo ane kahyuM, "rAjA svaye Apane bolAve che. tvarAthI cAlo. Apane mATe ratha paNa mokalyo che. cAlo, rAjA rAha jue che." Demosthinise rAjasevakane jarA dhIro pADatAM kahyuM, "bhAI, koNa che tArA rAjA ? emanuM nAma kahIza mane ? mAruM emane zuM kAma paDyuM che ?" zIlanI saMpadA 41 janma : 14 mArca, 1835, kesarabarga, jarmanI avasAna : 6 sapTembara, 196pa, lebarene, AphrikA 4) zIlanI saMpadA

Page #23
rAjasevake utsAhabhera kahyuM, "rAjA Apane rAjagurunA siMhAsane sthApavA mAge che. hamaNAM ja hAlanA rAjagurunuM avasAna thayuM che, e sthAna mATe Apane pasaMda karyA che. keTaluM mahAbhAgya ApanuM!" Demosthinise kahyuM, "bhAI, mAre e sthAna nathI joItuM. pachI rAjasevaka pAcho Avyo ane rAjAne samagra ghaTanAthI vAkepha karyA. rAjAe rAjagurunA pade bIjA vidvAnane nImyo. navA nimAyelA rAjaguru Demosthinisane maLavA AvyA. emaNe emanA gharanI kaMgAliyata joI. Demosthinisa vAsaNa mAMjatA hatA. emanAM vastro melAMghelAM ane phATelAM hatAM. rAjagurue kahyuM, "jo tame rAja gurunuM sthAna svIkAryuM hota to AvI durdazA thAta nahIM. tamArAM vastro ATalAM malina hota nahIM." svamAnI Demosthinise kahyuM, "bhAI, mArAM kapaDAM gaMdAM haze, paNa mAruM mukha meluM nathI. jyAre tame to rAjAnI satata prazaMsA karIne tamArA mukhane malina karyuM che." jyorja voziMgTananA netRtva heThaLa amerikA svAtaMtryaprApti mATe yuddha khelatuM moTAIno hatuM. lazkaranA cIpha kamAnDara jyorja vaoNziMgTana virodhIone parAsta karavAnI mada yuddharacanA ghaDatA hatA ane sainyane yogya doravaNI ApatA hatA. eka vAra jyorja voziMgTana sAdA nAgarika pozAkamAM nIkaLyA hatA. emaNe joyuM to eka korporala potAnI mIna TukaDI sAthe atyaMta uddhatAIthI vartato hato. lazkaramAM rathI paNa nIcalI pAyarIno hodo dharAvanAra A korporala majAjI ane ghamaMDI hato. lazkaranI TukaDI khUba vajanadAra vastune upADIne bIje mUkavA koziza karatI hatI. AvI rIte eka-be vAra prayatna karyo, paNa e vajanadAra vastu AsAnIthI khase tema nahotI. bIjI bAju korporalano pitto phATI rahyo hato. e bUmo pADato hato, apazabdo bolato hato. mahenata karanArA lokono utsAha vadhAravAne badale emane hatotsAha karato hato. sAdA pozAkamAM ghUmatA jyorja vaoNziMgTane A dRzya joyuM. janma : I. pU. 384, ethensa, grIsa avasAna : 12 okTobara I. pU. 322, kelorimA, grIsA 42 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 43

Page #24
emaNe korporalane kahyuM ke, "ATalI badhI vajanadAra vastu khaseDavA mATe mahenata karatA sainikone tame thoDI madada karo to kevuM sAruM ! emane emanA kAmamAM Teko rahe ane vastu khaseDI zake !" pelA amaladAre mijAja gumAvatAM kahyuM, "juo, huM korporala chuM! samajyA ? A AkhI lazkarI TukaDIno huM uparI chuM. huM emanuM kAma kaI rIte karI zakuM ?" bhale tyAre, sAheba !" Ama kahIne jyorja vozigTane potAno ovarakoTa utAryo ane sainikone sahAya karavA lAgyA. Akhare pelI vajanadAra vastu khaseDAI. kAma pUruM thayA pachI jyorja vaoNziMgTane tuMDamijAjI korporezane kahyuM, juo, jyAre tamArI pAse pUratA mANaso na hoya ane madadanI jarUra hoya tyAre tame lazkaranA cIpha kamAnDarane bolAvI lejo. teo AvAM kAma mATe AvatAM ane temAM madadarUpa thatAM AnaMdita thaze." koparala stabdha thaI gayo. ene samajAyuM ke A sAdA pozAkamAM bIjuM koI nahIM, paNa svayaM lazkaranA cIpha kamAnDara jyorja vaoNziMgTana amerikAno cArlsa guDaiyara dAruNa garIbI vacce jIvato hato. eNe saMzodhananAM 1838mAM akasmAte eka aitihAsika zodha karI. hIviyA vRkSanA thaDamAMthI phaLa jharatA dUdha jevA apariSkRta rasamAMthI rabara banAvavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. e rabara. amerikAmAM jANItuM thayuM hatuM. 1820mAM cArlsa maeNkinTose A rabarano eka reinakoTa banAvIne bajAramAM mUkyo hato, paraMtu e samaye muzkelI e hatI ke A rabaramAMthI banAvelI cIjavastuo sAmAnya tApamAnamAM paNa cIkaNI banI jatI, coMTI jatI, garamImAM ogaLI jatI. e ogaLe pachI rabaramAMthI evI durgadha pedA thatI ke amerikAmAM AvA rabarane jamInamAM dATI devAmAM AvatuM. Ave samaye cArlsa guDaiyare rabara ane gaMdhakane eka sAthe garama karIne eka evo padArtha saryo ke jene pariNAme 70 DigrI. se. tApamAna upara sthitisthApakatA gumAvatuM rabara tApamAnanA moTA pheraphAra khamavAnI kSamatA dharAvatuM banyuM. vaLI, ghasArA sAme pratikAra paNa karavA lAgyuM. garIbI ane devAnA DuMgara nIce dabAyelA cArlsa guDaiyare zIlanI saMpadA 45 janma : 22 phebruArI, 1332, vesTamoralaeNnDa, varjiniyA, amerikSa avasAna : 14 Disembara, 199, mAunTa veranona, varjiniyA, amerikA 44 zIlanI saMpadA

Page #25
sAmAnya tApamAne cIkaNo, coMTI jAya tevo ane ThaMDImAM kaDaka ane baraDa thaI jatA rabaramAM gaMdhakanA umaraNathI navuM parivartana ANyuM. eNe akasmAte karelA A saMzodhanane valkanIkaraNa (varlDanAijhezana) kahevAmAM AvyuM. A rIte banAvAyelI nIpajamAMthI bUTa, TAyaro vagere banAvavAmAM AvyAM. A saMzodhane rabara udyogamAM kaMti sarjI. guDaiyaranA saMzodhanano lAbha meLavIne rabarano udyoga khIlyo, paNa cArlsa guDaiyara to devA heThaLa ja dabAyelo rahyo. ene eno sahejeya aphasosa nahoto ke potAnA saMzodhananAM phaLa koI anya bhogavI rahyuM che. e kaheto ke mANase aphasosa to tyAre ja karavAno hoya ke e koI zodha-saMzodhana kare ane enAM phaLa koIne ya na maLe. guDaiyaranA saMzodhane rabaranA udyoganI bAbatamAM jhaMti sarjI ane enA avasAna pachI keTalAMya varSo bAda enuM nAma dharAvatI kaMpanI sthapAI, je jagaprasiddha banI. bhArata para aMgreja sarakAranuM rAja hatuM, te samaye briTananI eka zerImAM zaramajanaka bALako pakaDadAva khelI rahyAM hatAM. eka | bALaka 'bhAratIya bahAravaTiyo' banyo zaraNAgati hato ane bIjAM bALako ene pakaDavA nIkaLelA polIsa banyA hatA. bahAravaTiyo banelo bALake polIsane thApa ApIne kyAMka jato hato. bALako ene pakaDavA pAchaLa paDatAM. saMtAyelA ya bahAravaTiyAne bIjAM bALako joI gayAM. teoe kaDavA mATe doTa lagAvI. pelo bALaka pula para caDI gayo. polIsa banelAM bALakoe ne bAjuethI barobara gherI lIdho. bhAratIya bahAravaTiyAne zaraNe AvavuM paDe evI sthiti hatI, paraMtu e bALake AvI zaraNAgati svIkAravAne badale prANanI paravA karyA vinA pula parathI nIce nadImAM kUdako mAryo. ene pakaDavA AvelAM bALako A sAhasathI stabdha banI gayAM. kUdako mAranAro bALaka pANImAM paDyo ane bezuddha banI gayo. bIjA lokonI sahAyathI e bezuddha bALakane bahAra kADhavAmAM janma : 29 Disembara, 1800, nyU hevana, kanekTikaTa avasAna : 1 julAI, 1860 46 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 47

Page #26
Avyo. thoDI vAre ene bhAna AvyuM, tyAre enA sAthIoe ene pUchavuM, "are ! te pula parathI nadImAM bhUsako zA mATe mAryo ? kadAca marI gayo hota to ?" bALake kahyuM, "huM bhAratIya bahAravaTiyAno veza bhajavato hato. huM jANuM chuM ke bhAratanA bahAravaTiyA kadI zaraNAgati svIkAratA nathI. ene badale e mRtyune vadhu pasaMda kare che. meM zaraNAgati svIkArI hota to mAro veza lajavAta ane sAthosAtha bhAratIya bahAravaTiyAonI Ana-zAna jALavavAmAM huM niSphaLa gaNAta, AthI mArA mATe pula parathI bhUsako mAravA sivAya bIjo koI vikalpa nahoto." polIsa banelAM bALako A bALakanI sAhasikatA ane nirbhIkatA para prasanna thayAM. A bALaka ne dvitIya vizvayuddhamAM nirbhayatA, kAbeliyata ane sAhasikatAthI mitradezane vijaya apAvanAra vinsTana carcila. bALapaNamAM bhAratIya bahAravaTiyo banelA mahAmutsadI carcila briTananA vaDApradhAna banyA. amerikAnA mAnavatAvAdI pramukha abrAhama liMkananA samayamAM AMtaravigraha lAghavano phATI nIkaLyo hato. amerikAnA soLamAM pramukha sAme vikaTa samasyA UbhI thaI. mahimA. - dakSiNa amerikAnAM rAjyoe yuniyanamAM rahevAno inkAra karyo ane yuddhanI ghoSaNA karI. AvA AMtaravigraha samaye taddana navA prakAranI baMdUkanI zodha thaI. amerikAnA pramukha abrAhama liMkana samakSa AvI tAjetaramAM zodhAyelI baMdUka lAvavAmAM AvI. abrAhama liMkane A mATe vizeSajJonI samiti racI ane emane A navI baMdUkanI vizeSatAnI UMDI tapAsa karIne ahevAla ApavAnuM jaNAvyuM. vizeSajJonI samitie keTalIya beThako karI. ghaNo UMDo vicAra karyo. sahunA abhiprAyo noMdhIne keTalAMya pRSThono vistRta ahevAla taiyAra karyo. abrAhama liMkane daLadAra ahevAla joyo. emane Azcarya thayuM ke navI baMdUkanI vizeSatA darzAvavA mATe ATalo badho moTo ahevAla ? abrAhama liMkane ahevAla pAcho Apyo ane janma : 30 navembara, 1874, guDasToka, oNksapharDazAyara, laMDana, IMglenDa avasAna H 25 jAnyuArI, 19pa, laMDana, iMglenDa, 48 zIlanI saMpadA - zIlanI saMpadA 49

Page #27
vizeSajJone kahyuM, "Apano ahevAla AraMbhathI aMta sudhI vAMcuM to ochAmAM ocho eka divasa thAya. mane to mAtra saMkSepamAM ja samajAvo." vizeSajJoe adabapUrvaka kahyuM, "ApanI vAta ame samajI zakatA nathI." abrAhama liMkane kahyuM, "jo tamane huM ghoDA kharIdavAnuM kAma soMpuM ane tame enI vizeSatAo ane maryAdAo batAvo eTaluM pUratuM che paraMtu e ghoDAnA pUMchaDAmAM keTalA vALa che enI saMkhyA batAvavAnuM kAma karo, te saheje jarUrI nathI." pitA ane putra baMne kuzaLa sAhityasarjake, amerikAnA vikhyAta koThAsUjhanI ciMtaka rAlpha vAlDo emarsanane pitAno sAhityika vAraso maLyo hato. jarUra rAlpha vAlDo emarsana samagra amerikAmAM ciMtaka, kavi ane nibaMdhakAra tarIke vikhyAta hatA. eka divasa rAtre pitA ane putra sAhityasarjanamAM lIna EktA. evAmAM emanI gauzALAmAMthI eka vAcharaDuM doraDuM toDIne bahAra bhAgI nIkaLyuM. | pitA ane putra baMne sAhityasarjananuM kArya bAjue mUkIne bahAra doDyA. baMnee vAcharaDAne pakaDyuM, ene vADamAM laI javA mAMDyA, paraMtu vAcharaDuM evuM aDiyala ke eka DagaluM paNa AgaLa cAle nahIM. pitA-putrae vicAryuM ke A aDiyala vAcharaDAne gauzALAmAM pAchuM bAMdhavA mATe koI paNa bhoge aMdara laI javuM paDaze. A mATe jora jamAvavuM paDaze. vAcharaDAne kaI rIte dhakko mArIne aMdara laI javuM, tenI pitA-putrae majabUta vyuharacanA karI. putra AgaLathI enA be kAna kheMce ane pitA ene pAchaLathI janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hojenavile, kendrakI rAjaya, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 186pa, vaoNziMgTana .sI., amerikA pa0 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA pa1

Page #28
dhakko mAre. baMne jora ajamAvatA hatA, paNa vAcharaDuM saheje khasatuM nahotuM. evAmAM emarsananA gharamAM kAma karatI nokara strI AvI. eNe pitA-putrano pracaMDa paNa viphaLa 'puruSArtha' joyo. nokara strI vAcharaDAnI pAse AvI. ene thoDuM thapathapAvyuM eTale vAcharaDuM gauzALA bhaNI cAlavA lAgyuM. nokara strIe saraLatAthI vAcharaDAne pAchuM bAMdhI dIdhuM. rAlpha vAlDo emarsana ane enA pitA vicAramAM DUbI gayA. emarsanane lAgyuM ke kAma nAnuM hoya ke moTuM - paraMtu e kAma karavAnI tarakIba jANavI joIe. mAtra AMdhaLI majUrI karavAthI kazuM vaLatuM nathI. koI paNa kAma sUjha ane anubhava mAMge che. mAtra parizrama karIe eTaluM ja pUratuM nathI. vyaktimAM kAryakauzala hovuM joIe. 1931nuM zAMtinuM nobela pAritoSika meLavanAra je ina eDamsa hala. (1860thI 1935) amerikAnI meDikala kaoNlejamAM abhyAsa karatI hatI. nAdurasta hAusa jeina eDamsane enuM svAthya sudhAravA mATe DaoNkTaroe havAphera mATe iMglenDa bhavAnuM sUcana karyuM. jeina iMglenDa AvI. eka vAra rAtanA samaye basamAM besIne e iMglenDanI omAMthI pasAra thatI hatI. enI basa vAre vAre thobhI jatI che, kAraNa ke rastA para AvelI saDelI ane vAsI zAkabhAjInI na para kharIdanArAonAM ToLeToLAM UmaTyAM hatAM. jeina eDamsane Azcarya thayuM ke AvI vAsI zAkabhAjI kharIdavA mATe ATalI badhI bhIDa ! zAkabhAjI kharIdavA mATe loko aMdaroaMdara dhakkama karatA hatA. ekabIjAne gALo bhAMDatA hatA. hADapiMjara jevA ardhanagna garIba mANaso A gaMdhAtI zAkabhAjI meLavavA mATe maraNiyo prayAsa karatA hatA. e divase meDikala vidyAzAkhAnI vidyArthinI jeina eDamsane garIbAI eTale zuM eno khyAla Avyo. A dRzya joIne eNe manomana nakkI karyuM ke mAre jIvanamAM AvA garIbonI sevA karavI zIlanI saMpadA janma : 25 me, 1803, bosTana, amerikA avasAna : 27 eprila, 1882, konkorDa, mesecUseTsa, amerikA para zIlanI saMpadA pa3

Page #29
che. majUrone madada karavI che. kacaDAyelA habasIonA hitanI vAta karavI che. amerikA AvIne zikAgomAM 'hala hAusa" nAmanI saMsthAnI sthApanA karI. enA A 'hala hAusa' dvArA garIbo ane majUrone emanA hakke apAvavA mATe athAga mahenata karI. bALako mATenI adAlata, strIo mATe divasanA ATha kalAkanI majUrI, kArakhAnAnI tapAsa ane kArIgaro mATe vaLatara vagere sudhArAo karAvyA. strIonA matAdhikAra mATe jhuMbeza calAvI. habasI lokonI hAlata vize ane amerikAmAM sthaLAMtara karIne AvelAonI sAmAjika-Arthika sthiti vize saMzodhano karAvyAM ane emane nyAya maLe te mATe satata prayatno karyA. A 'hala hAusa' taraphathI bALagRha ane bALamaMdiro calAvavAmAM AvatAM. vRddhAzramo ane sadAvrato zarU karyo. raMgadveSa, hiMsA ane verajheranI sAme svastha samAja sarjavAmAM 'hala hAusa' kAraNabhUta banyuM. je ina eDamsa sthApeluM 'hala hAusa' yuropa ane amerikAmAM keTalIya saMsthAonA sarjana mATe prerakabaLa banyuM. aDhAramI sadInA smaraNIya mahAmAnavo tarIke beMjAmina phreMkalina anugAmInA sadAya yAda raheze. ne pagale samagra vizva ene vIjaLInA mahAna vaijJAnika, saMzodhaka vaijJAnika tarIke oLakhe che, paraMtu e uparAMta beMjAmina phreMkalina umadA rAjapuruSa kuzaLa lekhaka paNa hatA. mAtra vaijJAnika tarIke emane vyApI khyAti maLI. paraMtu sAthosAtha beMjAmina phreMkalina | maka, mudraka ane rAja kIya vicAraka paNa hatA. eka vyakti keTalAM bhinna bhinna kSetromAM sAmarthya dAkhavI anA dRSTAMta tarIke sahu beMjAmina phreMkalinanuM nAma letA amerikAe potAnA rAjadUta tarIke beMjAmina phreMkalinane phrAnsa mokalyA ane lAMbA samaya sudhI phrAnsamAM rAjadUta tarIkenI saphaLa kAmagIrI bajAvIne beMjAmina phreMkalina nivRtta thayA. e pachI phrAnsanA rAjadUta tarIke thaoNmasa jepharasananI nimaNuka thaI. A thaoNmasa je pharasana tyArabAda satata be vakhata amerikAnA janma 1 Disembara, 1830, kAvile, ilinoisa, amerikA avasAna : 21 me, 1935, zikAgo, ilinoisa, amerikA 54 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA papa

Page #30
pramukha tarIke cUMTAyA ane amerikAnA samartha pramukhomAM emanI kAryakuzaLatAthI sthAna pAmyA. I. sa. 1784mAM thaoNmasa je pharasana amerikAnA rAjadUta tarIke phrAnsa gayA, tyAre phrAnsanA vaDApradhAne emanuM umaLakAbhera svAgata karyuM. phrAnsanA vaDApradhAne kahyuM, "Avo, padhAro thaoNmasa jepharasana. mane kahevAyuM che ke tame DaoN. beMjAmina phreMkalinanuM sthAna levA AvyA cho." thomasa jepharasane namratAthI kahyuM, "nA jI. huM to emanA pachI Avyo chuM. koI paNa vyakti DaoN. beMjAmina phreMkalinanA sthAne AvI zake nahIM." thomasa jepharasananI A namratA joIne phrAnsanA vaDApradhAna stabdha thaI gayA. paMcotera varSanA bImAra ane vayovRddha vijJAnI gelilI geliliyoe hakIkata dIrgha samaya sudhI saMzodhana karyA bAda jAhera karyuM ke pRthvI sUryanI AsapAsa bhramaNa pharaze nahIM ! kare che. dharmazAstroe lokonA manamAM ThasAvyuM hatuM ke sUrya pRthvInI parikramA Ao, gaeNliliyonA saMzodhane eka navuM rahasya pragaTa karyuM. thAo (carca) akaLAI UThI. emanI varSo jUnI mAnyatAo thI thaI jatI lAgI. AthI dharmaguruoe gaeNliliyone hAjara thavA pharamAna ka paddha, bImAra ane jIvananAM aMtima varSo pasAra karato kayo dharmaguru sAme Ubho rahyo. dharmaguruoe kahyuM ke "dharmagraMtha kahe che ke sUrya pRthvInI AsapAsa phare che ane e ja sAcuM che. emAM koI tarka-vitarka cAlI zake nahIM." dharmaguruoe gaeNliliyone cetavaNI ApatAM kahyuM ke, "kAM to tuM tArI vAta badalI nAkha, nahIM to tane motanI sajA maLaze." gaeNliliyoe kahyuM, "mane mAravAnuM kaSTa levAnI jarUra nathI. huM to have jiMdagInA Are AvI cUkelo chuM. mRtyunAM dvAra zIlanI saMpadA janma : 17 jAnyuArI, 1706, bosTana, mesecUse, amerikA avasAna : 17 eprila, 1790, philADelphiyA, pensilaveniyA, rakama 56 zIlanI saMpadA pa7

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AgaLa Ubho chuM. pustakamAM rajU karelo mAro vicAra badalavo hoya to te badalavA huM taiyAra chuM." carcane lAgyuM ke emano vijaya thayo, paraMtu gaeNliliyoe kahyuM, juo, mArA pustakamAM huM hakIkta badalI nAMkhIza ethI pRthvI badalAvAnI nathI ane sUraja paNa badalAvAno nathI." carce pUchayuM, "tame AvuM kema kahI zako ?" gaeNliliyoe kahyuM, "juo, pRthvI kaMI mAruM pustaka vAMcatI nathI. emAM kareluM parivartana jovAnI nathI. e to sUryanI parikramA karatI ja raheze." gaeNliliyoe pustakamAMthI e saMzodhana kADhI nAkhyuM, kAraNa ke e jANato hato ke enAthI vAstavikatAmAM kazo pharaka paDavAno nathI. hakIkata to e ja raheze ! phrAnsanA samrATa ane samagra vizvane dhrujAvanAra nepoliyane jarmana mahAkavi kavinI. gyuthene kAnamAM dhImA sAde vinaMtI karI, *Apa mAruM eka kAma karI Apazo, to huM pratibhA Apano kRtajJa rahIza. vaLI e kAryanA badalAmAM Apane ghaNA dezomAM kIrti maLaze ane aDhaLaka saMpatti prApta thaze.' mahAkavi gRthee pUchyuM, 'rAjavI, mAre karavAnuM che zuM?" 'tamAre bIjuM kazuM nathI karavAnuM, mAtra raziyAnA samrATa jhAra vize mArmika ane hRdayasparzI prazastikAvya lakhavAnuM che." 'juo, teo mArI jamaNI bAju beThA che ane tame mArI DAbI bAjue cho. basa, lakhI nAkho eka zIghra kavitA ane mane ApI do. Aje sAMje samrATa jhAranA sanmAnamAM Ayojita bhojana-nRtya samArohamAM Ape racelI kavitA ane vAMcavA mAgIe chIe.' mahAkavi gRthee kahyuM, 'rAjavI ! mane kSamA karajo. AvI rIte huM kavitA lakhI zakuM tema nathI. A bAbatamAM tamAre mane mApha karavo paDaze.' janma : 15 phebruArI, 1pa64, pIjhA, iTAlI avasAna : 8 jAnyuArI, 194ra, phlorensa najIka, arzelI, iTAlI 58 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA pa9

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phrAnsanA samrATa nepoliyane kahyuM, "oha ! kevI vicitra vAta ! amArA rASTramAM to dareka rAjavI vize kavio AvAM prazastikAvya lakhe che ane enAthI kavio saMpattithI lAbhAnvita thAya che. are ! rAjA lUI caudamA vize lakhelA kAvyane pariNAme keTalAya kavio ghaNA saMpattizALI ane samRddha banyA che." gRthee asvIkAramAM khabho halAvatAM kahyuM, 'bhale banyA hoya, paraMtu e kavionA manamAM to cokkasa ema thayuM haze ke teo emanI preraNAne dago daI rahyA che. mAnavI sAmAnya hoya ke asAdhAraNa hoya, raste rakhaDato garIba hoya ke dhanamAM ALoTato amIra hoya, kiMtu pratibhAzALI kavi kyAreya jIvaMta mAnavInuM prasaMzAgAna nahIM race.' sAyaMkAle bhojana-nRtya samArohanuM 'ivaniMga bola'nuM Ayojana thayuM. A samaye phrAnsanA samrATa nepoliyane raziyAnA samrATa jhArane gyuthenI oLakhANa ApatAM kahyuM, 'samrATa ! A che jarmanInA mahAna kavi. temanuM nAma che cuthe. teo siddhAMtaniSTha ane Atmagaurava dharAvatA mAnavI che. AvA kavio emanA rASTrane mATe samRddhirUpa ane saMpattirUpa hoya che.' laMDananA eka sTorsamAM harbarTa jyorja velsane kArakuna tarIke nokarI maLI, paNa hatAzAne kAma to jhADu lagAvavAthI mAMDIne kArakunI parAjaya sudhInuM badhuM ja karavAnuM hatuM. savAre pAMca vAge UThIne eca. jI. velsa sTorsamAM jhADu lagAvato, sAphasUphI karato, potAM lagAvato. cauda kalAka sudhI ene AkarI mahenata karavI paDatI, chatAM sAva ochuM mahenatANuM maLatuM. eca. jI. velsa A bhayAnaka yAtanAthI trAhimAm trAhimAma. pokArI gayo. eka divasa vahelI savAre mAtAne maLavA mATe doDI gayo. eNe nAsto paNa nahoto karyo. satata paMdara mAIla cAlyo ane mAne yAtanAbharI gulAmInI vAta karI. eca. jI. veze ema kahyuM paNa kharuM ke have jo tame mane dhakko mArIne A rIte kALI majUrI mATe mokalazo to huM rastAmAM AtmahatyA karIza. eca. jI. velsanA pitA sAmAnya dukAnadAra hatA. mAtA lokonAM gharakAma karatI hatI. 14mA varSe rojI-roTI raLavA eca. jI. velsane bhaNavAnuM janma : 15 ogasTa, 1739, ejesIo, korsikA, phrAnsa avasAna : 2 me, 1821, seMTa helenA TApu, iMglenDa 60 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 91

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choDavuM paDyuM. eNe potAnA zikSakane jIvananI karuNa kathanI jaNAvI. to zikSake A vidyArthIne kahyuM ke, "tArA jevI buddhizALI vyaktie Ama hatAza thavAnI jarUra nathI. tane tamAma sahAya karIza ane zikSaka banAvIza." sAva bhAMgI paDelA eca. jI. velsamAM chupAyeluM sAmarthya pragaTa thavA mAMDyuM. ene skaoNlarazipa maLI ane cAra varSa bAda eca. jI. velse vijJAnanI vidyAzAkhAmAM abhyAsano puna: prAraMbha karyo. samaya jatAM kaoNmika novela ane sAyansa phikzananA lekhanamAM eca. jI. velse vizvavyApI nAmanA meLavI. 1895thI 1920nA samayagALAmAM eca. jI. velsanA abhiprAyonI jagatabharamAM carcA thatI. aMgrejI sAhityanA samartha sarjaka eca. jI. velse sitterathI vadhu graMtho lakhyA. 62 janma avasAna : 21 sapTembara, 1863, bromalI kenTa, iMglaeNnDa 3 13 oNgasTa, 1949, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa zIlanI saMpadA hRdayanuM audArya ekAvana varSanI vayanA mahAna vaijJAnika Aijheka nyUTana TriniTI kaoNlejamAM adhyApanakArya karI rahyA hatA. teo emanAM varSonAM saMzodhanonA paripAka rUpe eka graMtha lakhI rahyA hatA. rAta-divasanI avirata sAdhanA ane aneka prayogonAM tAraNa meLavIne taiyAra karelI vigatonuM lekhanakArya cAlatuM hatuM. eka vakhata savAre teo prArthanA karavA mATe carcamAM gayA. tAnA saMzodhanAtmaka pustaknI hastaprata Tebala para ema ne ma paDI rahI. Aijheka nyUTane eka kUtaro pALyo hato. e mAlikanI ekeeka AjJAnuM pUrNa pAlana karato hato. A kUtaro Aijheka nyUTananA Tebala pAse beTho hato. evAmAM eka uMdaraDo pharato pharato Tebala para Avyo ane nyUTananI hastapratanA kAgaLo kApavA lAgyo. vaphAdAra DAyamaMDe A joyuM. mAlikanI gerahAjarImAM uMdaraDAnuM duSkRtya tenAthI sahana na thayuM. potAnA mAlikanA kAgaLo uMdaraDo A rIte kAtare te kaI rIte cAle ? eNe uMdaraDA para paganA zIlanI saMpadA 63

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paMjAthI jhApaTa lagAvI. Ama karavA jatAM meja para mUkelI saLagatI mINabattI paDI gaI ane nyUTananA graMthanI hastaprata bhaDabhaDa saLagI gaI. mahAna vaijJAnika Aijheka nyUTana pAcho Avyo. eNe joyuM to enI varSonI sAdhanA baLIne khAkha thaI gaI hatI. jiMdagInI saghaLI mahenata, enI varSonI sAdhanA para pANI pharI vaLyuM hatuM. sAmAnya mAnavI hota to A kUtarAne lAkaDIe ne lAkaDIe mAre ne potAno gusso ogALe. paNa A to yugapuruSa Aijheka nyUTana hatA. emaNe mAtra eTaluM ja kahyuM : "o DAyamaMDa ! tane khabara nathI ke te keTaluM moTuM nukasAna pahoMcADyuM che ?" Ama kahI nyUTana potAnA saMzodhanakAryamAM DUbI gayA. amerikAnA sarvazreSTha hAsyalekhaka mArka TrenanuM bALapaNa ghaNuM garIbImAM mAtAnI vItyuM. misisipI nadIne kAMThe haeNnibAlamAM emanuM bALapaNa vItyuM hatuM. nadImAM naukA ramUjI vAto laIne ghUmavAnI mArkane khuba majA Ave. e pachI nyUyaoNrka, philADelphiyA ane vaoNziMgTana vistAramAM mudraka tarIke kAma karyuM. pazcimI kinArAnA dezomAM cAMdInI khANo zodhavAmAM ghaNo prayatna karyo, paNa saghaLuM niSphaLa gayuM. mudraka pachI prakAzaka ane aMte lekhaka banyA. pitA jahaoNnanAM pAMca saMtAnomAM teo emanA trIjA putra hatA. mArka bAra varSanA hatA ane pitAnuM mRtyu thayuM. Arthika hAlata sAva sAmAnya hatI, te have kathaLI gaI. gharamAM satata rojiMdI cIjavastuono abhAva jovA maLato. vAta ATalethI aTakI nahotI. bALaka mArka TrenanuM svAthya ghaNuM nabaLuM rahetuM. mAtApitAne satata ciMtA rahetI ke A nabaLo chokaro kaI rIte jiMdagI pasAra karaze. mArka TrenanI mAtA jena khuba AnaMdI hatI. e mArka Trenane rojeroja ramUjI vAto kahetI. bALaka mArka khuzakhuzAla thaI jato. mAtAnI ramUjI vAto kahevAnI rIta paNa evI ke janma : 25 Disembara, 1946 avasAna : 20 mArca, 1723, vulsavorSa, lekezAyara, iMglenDa 64 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 95

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pote saheje hasyA vinA nirAMte AnaMdabharI vAta karI zake. mAnI ramUja ane mAnI rIta e baMne mArka TrenanA citta para prabhAva pADI gayA, eNe svayaM potAnI jiMdagI AnaMdabharI rAkhavA mAMDI. A AnaMdane kAraNe enI bImArI cAlI gaI. bIjI bAju A ja hAsya-vinodane eNe potAnA jIvanamAM apanAvyAM. samaya evo Avyo ke hAsyalekhaka tarIke mArka Trena prakhyAta thayo, paNa sAthosAtha eNe keTalAya kAryakramo karyA, jemAM eNe ramUjI ane AnaMdabharI vAtothI zrotAone hasAvyA. mArka Tvenano kAryakrama sAMbhaLavA mATe zrotAo TikiTa laIne paNa jatA hatA. ene lokapriyatA eTalI badhI maLI ke zaheramAM paNa mArka TrenanA zrotAono samAveza thAya tevo moTo haoNla maLato nahoto. jiMdagIne AnaMdathI jonAra mArka Trena samagra dezamAM jANItA thayA. mAtAnA eka sAmAnya guNe jagatane asAmAnya hAsyasarjaka Apyo. phrAMsanA samrATa nepoliyana bonApArTa vilApriya kuTuMbamAM janmyo hato AtmamugdhatAne ane enA pitA kArgo banApArTa vyavasAye dhArAzAstrI hatA. nepoliyane pAra briyenanI lazkarI zALAmAM pAMca varSa sudhI abhyAsa karyo ane te pachI eka varSa paeNrisanI kaoNlejamAM zikSaNa lIdhuM. enI lazkarI kArakirdI zarU thaI te pUrve nepoliyana enI yuvAvasthAmAM adhyayana ane lekhanamAM UMDo rasa dharAvato hato ane vakhatovakhata judA judA viSayo para lekha lakhato hato. eka vAra lIyeMsa nagaramAM lekha-spardhAnuM Ayojana thayuM ane emAM nepoliyanano lekha sarvazreSTha ghoSita thayo. e pachI samaya jatAM lazkarI hoddAo ane rASTranI dhurA saMbhALatA nepoliyanane mATe vAcana ane lekhana ghaNuM ochuM thaI gayuM. e eno lekha bhUlI gayo hato, paraMtu enA eka maMtrI TelIrAttane jANa thaI ke samrATa nepoliyane eka lekha mATe puraskAra prApta thayo hato. tethI teNe e lekhanI mULa prata maMgAvI ane samrATane ApatAM hasatAM hasatAM pUchayuM, "tame A lekhanA lekhakane jANo cho ?" janma : 30 navembara, 1835, phloriDA, misUrI, amerikA avasAna : 21 eprila, 1910, kanikrikeTa, amerikA 66 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 97

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lekhane joIne nepoliyana kSaNabhara vicAramAM paDI gayo. TelIrAtta samrATanI mukhamudrA joto hato ane vicArato hato ke samrATa enA para prasanna thaze ane ene puraskAra Apaze thoDIka kSaNo sudhI nepoliyane e lekha ekITase joyo ane pachI enA khaMDamAM rahelI sagaDIomAM saLagatA kolasA vacce phADIne pheMkI dIdho. TelIrAnanA Azcaryano pAra na rahyo. teNe kahyuM, "tame Avo mahattvapUrNa lekha zA mATe saLagAvI dIdho ?" nepoliyane uttara Apyo, "huM Ane saheje mahattvano mAnato nathI. eka samaye cokkasa mAre mana e ati mahattvano hato, paraMtu Aje emAM vyakta karelA vicArothI huM ghaNo AgaLa nIkaLI gayo chuM. koI jUnI cIjane pakaDI rAkhavI te AtmamugdhatA che. Aje A viSaya para lakhuM to taddana judI ja rIte lakhuM. to pachI Ano moha zA mATe rAkhavo ? mane lAge che ke samayanI sAthe potAnA vicArane paNa navuM svarUpa ApatA rahevuM joIe." chellAM chavvIsa varSathI mAikala enjalonI sevA karanAra ArabIno sevAnuM bImAra paDyo. bImArI ghaNI vasamI hatI ane ArabInone lAgyuM ke have mota RNa. bAraNe AvIne UbhuM che. eNe vizvanA mahAna citrakAra mAikala eNjelone kahyuM, khalika ! mArA AyuSyano aMta sAva najIka lAge che." mAikala eMjeloe ene sAMtvana ApatAM kahyuM, "nA arabIno, A to bImArInI nabaLAI kahevAya, tAre to hajI jIvavAnuM che. thoDo ArAma le, eTale pharI sAjo thaI za. ArabInoe kahyuM, "are, paNa mArI bImArImAM tame mArI ATalI badhI sArasaMbhALa rAkho cho. rAta-divasa mArI sevA-suzruSA karo cho." mAikala enjaloe kahyuM, "are, ArabIno chellAM chavvIsa varSathI te mArI keTalI badhI sevA karI che, te huM kyAreya nahIM bhUlI zakuM." ArabInonI AMkhamAMthI AMsunI dhArA vahevA lAgI ane janma : 15 oNgasTa, 1769, ejesIo, korsikA, phrAnsa avasAna : 5 me 1821, seMTa helenA TApuiMglenDa 68 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 99

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te bolyo, "paNa mAlika, tame atyAre AvI bImArImAM mArI je sevA karo cho enuM RNa huM kaI rIte cUkavI zakIza ?" citrakAranA caherA para hAsya AvyuM ane eNe kahyuM, "pUrato ArAma laI ane pharI sAjA thaIne." ArabInonI bImArI vadhatI jatI hatI. enI bacavAnI AzA ghaTatI jatI hatI. mAikala eNnjelo potAnA A sevakanI bImArIthI vyathita banI gayo ane kalA mAraphate potAnI lAgaNI vyakta karavA lAgyo. eNe ArabInonA aMtima divasonuM citra doravAnuM zarU karyuM. e citra maraNapathArIe paDelA ArabInone batAvyuM. ati nirbaLa banI gayelA ArabInoe e joyuM. jemAM mAikala eNnjelonI sArasaMbhALa leto ArabIno batAvavAmAM Avyo hato. thoDA samaya pahelAM ArabInoe vidAya lIdhI paraMtu jagatane eka mahAna kalAkRti maLI. 70 janma - 6 mArca, 1475, erijho pAse, tuskenI avasAna H 18 phebruArI, 1574, roma zIlanI saMpadA vikhyAta vaijJAnika thomasa AlvA eDisananI laeNboreTarImAM ekAeka Aga bhasmIbhUta phATI nIkaLI. 1914nA DisembaranI bhUlo e rAta hatI, jyAre thoDI kSaNomAM eDisananA jIvananI saghaLI mahenata bhasmIbhUta thaI gaI. AgathI tUTIne nIce paDelA bhaMgAranI vacce dhumADAomAM hAtha vIMjhato eDisanano sa varSano putra cArlsa pitAne zodhato hato. eNe joyuM to eDisana zAMtithI saLagatI Agane jotA emanI AMkhamAM camaka hatI ane pavananA susavATAmAM nA zveta vALa ahIMtahIM UDatA hatA. cArlsa AgathI atyaMta vyathita hato. vIsa lAkha DaoNlarathI paNa vadhu nukasAna thayuM hatuM. vImo mAtra be lAkha ane ADatrIsa hajArano hato. vaLI vicArato hato ke enA pitA eDisana saDasaTha varSanA thayA che. yuvAna hota to vAta judI hatI, paNa A uMmare je AgamAM homAI gayuM te pharI kyAMthI sarjI zakaze ? udAsIna vicAro karatA cArlsane pitA eDisanano avAja saMbhaLAyo, "are cArlsa, kyAM che tArI mAtA ?" zIlanI saMpadA 1

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cArlse kahyuM ke ene khabara nathI ke atyAre enI mAtA kyAM che. thomasa AlvA eDisane kahyuM, "are zodhI lAva ene ! laI Ava ahIMyAM ! jiMdagImAM kyAreya ene AvuM dRzya pharI jovA nahIM maLe." bIje divase eDisana enI bhasmIbhUta thayelI laeNboreTarIne joIne bolyo, "A vinAza paNa mUlyavAna che. ApaNI badhI bhUlo emAM baLIne khAkha thaI gaI. Izvarano AbhAra ke have badhuM navesarathI zarU thaze." bhISaNa Aga pachI traNa aThavADiyAM bAda eDisane jagatane grAmophonanA zarUAtanA svarUpa samo phonogrAma zodhIne Apyo. 32 janma - 11 phebruArI, 1847, milAna, ohAyo, amerikA avasAnaH 18 oNkTobara, 1931, vaeNsTa oNrenja, nyUjarsI, amerikA zIlanI saMpadA DhIMgalIne jarmanIno prathama vizvayuddhamAM parAjaya thayo ane 1919mAM nAjhI pakSa sthApIne hiTalare jarmanInA rAjakIya phalaka para praveza meLavyo. eNe jarmanInI badale baMdUka prajAne enI prAcIna garimA punaH saMpAdita karavAnuM vacana ApyuM ane eka hajAra varSa sudhI jarmana sAmrAjyanI ekacakrI ANa phelAya evuM svapna ApyuM. enA tejAbI zabdo ane caLakatI AkarSaka bhUrI AMkhoe zrotAjanone maMtramugdha karyA. jarmano ene mitra, rakSaka ane tAraNahAra mAnavA lAgyA ane enAM jozIlAM pravacano pachI janamedanI 'heIla hiTalara' kahIne enuM gaganabhedI avAje abhivAdana karatI hatI. 1933mAM hiTalara jarmanIno saramukhatyAra banyo. enI icchAo amaryAda hatI ane sAmrAjya phelAvavA mATe eNe enA sainikone emanuM kartavya darzAvatAM kahyuM, "dilamAM dayAno chAMTo na rAkhazo, krUratA Acarazo." saramukhatyAra banelA hiTalare sauprathama kArya bALakonAM ramakaDAM badalavAnuM karyuM. nizALo ane haoNspiTalomAM bALako zIlanI saMpadA 73

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mATenAM DhIMgalA-DhIMgalI ke pazu-pakSInAM ramakaDAM pheMkI devAno hukama karyo. eNe bALako mATe navAM taiyAra karAvelAM baMdUka ane topanAM ramakaDAM pracAramAM mUkyAM. ene khyAla hato ke bALaka bALapaNamAM DhIMgalA-DhIMgalI athavA to pazu-pakSI joze, to moTo thaze tyAre A ja enI cittasRSTimAM haze. bALapaNamAM phUTatI baMdUko ane ghUmatI topanAM ramakaDAMthI ramyo haze, to moTI vaye eNe joI haze ane enAthI baMdUka ke topa calAvavAnuM enAmAM svapna jAgaze. hiTalarane ja gata para Arya rAjya sthApavuM hatuM. ene mATe sudRDha lazkarI tAkAta UbhI karavI hatI. hiTalara Adhunika itihAsano sauthI mahAna hatyAro gaNAyo ane enA lazkare lAkhkho mANasone jIvatA raheMsI nAkhyA ane keTalAyane kArAvAsanI kALI koTaDImAM goMdhI rAkhyA. prajAmAM krUratA jagAvavAnA prathama caraNa rUpe bALakonAM ramakaDAMmAM parivartana karIne emanuM mAnasa badalavAnuM kAma karyuM. vaNakara pitAnA putra krisTophara kolaMbase mAtra cauda varSanI uMmare dariyAI eka ja saphara zarU karI. lakSya A sAhasavIra amerikAnA zodhaka tarIke vizeSa jANIto thayo, paraMtu eNe potAnA AkhA jIvanamAM cAra mahattvanI saphara kheDI. aneka no AvI tema chatAM emaNe emanI yojanA pAra pADavA athAga prayatno cAlu rAkhyA. pazcima tarapha saphara karavAnI emanI yojanAmAM madada karavA iMglenDa ane phrAMsanA rAjAoe cokhkhI nA pADI, | mananA pharDinAnDa ane ijhAbelAe A sapharamAM emane sApa karI. traNa jahAjamAM 88 mANasone laIne e nIkaLyA. traNamAMthI eka jahAja gumAvyuM, paNa A sapharane pariNAme kyubA ane hAitI jevA dezo zodhI lAvyA. e pachI pharI vAra paMdaraso mANasono kAphalo laIne vesTainDijha gayA ane jamaikA ane bIjA TApuonI khoja karI. hajI dariyAI sapharanAM svapna krisTopharane AvatAM hatAM. ja 20 eprila, 28 mAphiyA raMgerI avasAna : 30 eprila, 1945 barlina, jarmanI 74 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 7pa

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emaNe trIjI saphara zarU karI ane dakSiNa amerikA sudhI pahoMcyA. e daramiyAna emanA para geravahIvaTano Aropa mUkIne emane spenamAM keda paNa karavAmAM AvyA, paraMtu pharI vAra emaNe cothI saphara kheDI ane hoMDurasa, kosTArikA ane panAmAM sudhI pahoMcyA. A dariyAI sapharo daramiyAna nAvikoe emanI sAme sAmUhika baLavo karyo. divasonA divaso sudhI koI jamIna na dekhAtAM pAchA pharavA mATe Agraha karyo. A badhA vacce kolaMbasa aDaga rahyo. sAthI nAvikoe ene mArI nAkhavAnI paNa dhamakI ApI. Ama chatAM e AgaLa vadhato gayo. enI AMkho sAme eka ja lakSa hatuM ane te potAnI khoja pUrI karavI, AthI badhI ja muzkelIono sAmano karIne kolaMbasa saphaLatA hAMsala karI zakyo. - 1992mAM enI dariyAI sapharanI pAMcasomI jayaMtI duniyAbharamAM UjavAI ane sahue A sAgarasapharInA dRDha manobaLane aMjali ApI. raziyAnA vikhyAta navalakathAkAra kAunTa liyo TolsToyane emanA mitra yuvAnanI akaLAyelA avAje phariyAda karI, "are! tame to kevA cho ? tamArI oNphisamAM oLakhANa tamAre eka madadanIza joIto hato, e mATe meM eka yuvAnane mArI bhalAmaNa ciThThI sAthe mokalyo hato, paNa meM jANyuM ke tame ene nApasaMda karyo. mitra thaIne tame ATaluMya kAma na karo to dostIno artha zo ?" TaoNlsTaoNye mitranI sAme haLavuM hAsya veryuM, paNa uttara na Apyo. akaLAyelA mitrae haiyAvarALa ThAlavatAM kahyuM, "tamArI pasaMdagI paNa kevI ? kazIya pahecAna vinAnA ajANyA yuvAnane pasaMda karyo ! AvI ajANI vyaktine pasaMda karavAne badale pelI paricita vyaktine pasaMda karo to tamane keTalo lAbha thAya !" Akhare liyo TolsToye kahyuM, "tamArI vAta sAcI che. jene pasaMda karyo e mArA koI paricitanI ciThThI lAvyo nahoto. enI pAse koInI bhalAmaNa nahotI, Ama chatAM enI pAse eka mahattvanI oLakha-ciThThI hatI kharI." TaoNlsTaoNyano javAba sAMbhaLIne vimAsaNamAM paDI gayelA zIlanI saMpadA 77 janma : 14pa1 gonA, ripablika ophagonA avasAna : 20 me, 1pa03, vakvADoliDa, krAuna kerala 76 zIlanI saMpadA

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emanA mitre pUchyuM, "evI kaI mahattvanI oLakha-ciThThI enI pAse hatI ?" TaoNlsTaoNye kahyuM, "to oLakha ApuM e oLakha-ciThThInI. juo, eNe rUmamAM pravezatA pUrve mArI paravAnagI mAMgI. e pachI pagaluchaNiyA 52 eNe enA bUTa sApha karyA. tyAra bAda e mArI pAse Avyo ane mArI khurazI AgaLa Ubho rahyo. jyAM sudhI meM ene besavAnuM kahyuM nahIM tyAM sudhI e Ubho rahyo. e pachI pUrNa AtmavizvAsa sAthe eNe mArA prazno ane mArI badhI pUchaparachano spaSTa javAba Apyo. mulAkAta pUrI thaI tyAre pharI eNe javA mATe mArI paravAnagI mAMgI ane paravAnagI lIdhA bAda e kaeNbinamAMthI bahAra nIkaLyo. mane lAgyuM ke e mANasa A sthAna mATe pUrepUro yogya che." TaoNlsTaoNyano A uttara sAMbhaLIne emano mitra cUpa thaI gayo. e janma - 9 sapTembara, 1828, yAsnAyA poliyAnA, raziyA avasAna - 20 navembara, 1910, AsTApovA, raziyA zIlanI saMpadA abrAhama liMkana ane enI patnI merI vacce Abha-jamInanuM aMtara hatuM. ukaLATano abrAhama liMkana mAyALu, paropakArI ane artha milanasAra hatA, jyAre emanI patnI merI jhaghaDALu, svArthI ane kaMkAsa karanArI nArI hatI. eka vAra eka vakIla vakIlAta karatA liMkanane ghera koI kAma aMge AvyA. baMne vacce gaMbhIra carcA-vicAraNA cAlatI hatI. Ave samaye ekAeka rasoDAnuM bAraNuM khulyuM. aMdarathI merI dhasI AvI. e khUba krodhamAM dhUMvAMpUvAM thayelI hatI. eNe liMkanane pUchyuM, "peluM kAma tamane soMpyuM hatuM te karyuM che ke nathI karyuM ? jarA bolazo kharA ?" vakIla to merInI bolavAnI AvI rIta-bhAta joIne stabdha ja thaI gayo. abrAhama liMkane khUba zAMtithI merIne uttara vALyo, "tame mane soMpeluM kAma yAda che, paNa eka mahattvanA kAmamAM rokAyelo hato tethI e karI zakyo nathI. have vahelAmAM vahelI take e karI daIza." zIlanI saMpadA 39

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liMkananA A zabdo sAMbhaLatAM ja merInA krodhano jvALAmukhI phATI nIkaLyo. lAvArasa jevA enA zabdo moTA barADA rUpe bahAra nIkaLavA lAgyA. eNe liMkanane vaDhI nAkhyo. ene bephAma bolatI joI vakIla to cakita thaI gayo. merI rasoDAmAM pAchI gaI tyAre vakIla to stabdha banIne liMkana sAme joI rahyo. liMkane jANe kazuM banyuM na hoya tema hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, mitra, huM merIno svabhAva barAbara oLakhuM chuM. A rIte gusso karIne ukaLATa kADhavAmAM ane bephAma bolavAmAM ene khuba AnaMda Ave che. tame jo ene oLakhatA hota to tamane AvuM Azcarya na thAta, balka e eno ukaLATa ThAlavI rahI che te joIne AnaMda thAta.' nano prasiddha amerikana hAsyalekhaka mArka na(1835thI 1910)nuM mULa nAma semyuala leMgahArna klemansa hatuM, paraMtu eNe vahANavaTAnI paribhASAmAM uttara : pANInI sahIsalAmata sapATI darzAvato ugAra mArka venane potAnA takhallusa tarIke pasaMda karyo. mudraka, AtmakathAlekhake, khabarapatrI ane saphaLa vaktA tarIke mArka ne ghaNI khyAti meLavI. eNe amerikana vasAhatIomAM cAlI AvatI ToLaTappAMnI paraMparA dvArA vinodI lakhANo karyo. 'dha eTvencarsa oNv TaoNma sAMyara' ane 'vencarsa AMkhyu hakalabarI phina' jevI kizora kathAoe mArka Trenane khyAti apAvI. taLapadI lokabolInuM prAdhAnya dharAvatI mArka TrenanI haLavI ane sAdagIpUrNa zailI e enA lekhananI ane vaktavyanI vizeSatA banI rahI. amerikana lekhaka mArka Tvena eka vAra iMglenDanA pravAse gayA hatA. laMDanamAM keTalAka lokoe A prasiddha hAsyalekhakane sakaMjAmAM levA yukti karI. janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, hojenavile, kendrakI rAjaya, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 1865, vaoNziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA 80 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 81

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e samaye iMglaeNnDamAM zeksapiyaranAM nATakonA katRtva aMge ghaNo moTo vivAda cAlato hato. eka mata evo hato ke zeksapiyaranAM nATako zeksapiyarane badale bekane lakhelAM che. A aMge bekananA eka samarthake mArka Tvenane prazna karyo, "zuM tame ema mAno cho ke zeksapiyaranAM nATaka bekana dvArA lakhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ?" mArka Tvene kahyuM, "bhAI, eno uttara to huM svargamAM jaIne svayaM zeksapiyarane pUchIne ja ApI zakuM." praznakartAe kahyuM, "mane ema lAge che ke tamane svargamAM zeksapiyara nahIM maLe." "to pachI narakamAM to mAtra Apa ja emane pUchI zakazo, kharuM ne?" mArka Tvene uttara Apyo. janma avasAna - 30 navembara, 1835, phloriDA, misUrI, amerikA : 21 eprila, 1910, kanikTikaTa, amerikA zIlanI saMpadA prasiddha zilpakAra mAikala anjelono eka mitra emane maLavA saMpUrNatAno AvyAM. mAIkala eMnjelAMnI mArga kalAkRtioe kalAjagatamAM navI kSitijo ughADI ApI hatI. zilpakalAnI pUrNatA emAM pragaTa thatI. vyaktinI nAnAmAM nAnI rekhAo e paththaramAM upasAvato ane tene nakhazikha pUrNatA ApavA prayatna karato hato. mitrae mAikala eNnjelone enI kalAkRti darzAvavA kahyuM. mAikala anjelo e samaye je kalAkRti taiyAra karI rahyA hatA, ne batAvI. mitrae te joI. banyuM evuM ke aThavADiyA bAda e mitra kAmasara mAikala eNnjelone maLavA AvyA. pharI vAra ene e kalAkRti jovAnuM mana thayuM. mAikala eNnjeloe e zilpa batAvyuM. mitrae kahyuM, "eNnjelo, ApaNe maLyAne AkhuM aThavADiyuM vItI gayuM, e daramiyAna tame khAsa kaMI kAma karyuM hoya tema lAgatuM nathI." mAikala eNnjeloe hasIne kahyuM, "nA, mitra evuM nathI. AkhuM aThavADiyuM satata kAma karato rahyo chuM. AnI pAchaLa sakhata mahenata karI che." zIlanI saMpadA 83

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mitrae kahyuM, "zI mahenata karI ?" anjelo bolyo, "juo, enA kapALa para thoDI UMDI karacalI hatI, tethI e karacalI jarA vadhAre UMDI karI. caherA para navI rekhAo karI ane ene vadhu hUbahU banAvavA mATe prayatna karyo. AMkhanAM bhavAM barAbara thayAM na hatAM, AthI te bhavAM badalI nAkhyAM. A badhAnI pAchaLa AkhuM aThavADiyuM gayuM." "oha ! AvA jhINavaTabharyA pheraphAra karavAnI zI jarUra ? tamArI kalAkRtio to jagaprasiddha che. ATalI mahenata lIdhI na hota to paNa cAlata." na mAikala eNnjeloe hasatAM hasatAM kahyuM, "jagaprasiddha che enuM kAraNa ja A cIvaTa ane jhINavaTa che. AvI cIvaTathI ja kalAkRtinI saMpUrNatA sAdhI zakAya." 24 janma - 6 mArca, 1475, erijho pAse, tuskenI avasAna : 18 phebruArI, 1564, roma zIlanI saMpadA DaoN. thaoNmasa kUpara nAmanA vidvAna zabdakoza taiyAra karatA hatA. zabdakozanuM kAma ghaNuM lAMbuM cAlanAruM ane atyaMta parizramabharyuM gaNAya. AnI pAchaLa DaoN. thaoNmasa kUparanAM varSonAM varSo vItatAM gayAM. ATheka varSa sudhI kAma karyA bAda DaoN. thaoNmasa kUpara bImAra paDyA. manamAM to eka ja laganI ane te zabdakoza racavAnI. palaMgamAM sUtAM sUtAM A ja vicAra cAle. moTo upakAra DaoN. thaoNmasa kUparanI laganI joIne emanAM patnI khijAyAM. eka vAra emano gusso kAbUmAM na rahyo eTale DaoN. thaoNmasa kUpare zabdakoza mATe karelI noMdhonA kAgaLa bALI nAkhavA lAgyAM. evAmAM DaoN. thaoNmasa kUpara AvI caDyA. emaNe joyuM to gussAmAM ne gussAmAM emanAM patnI emanI noMdhanA kAgaLa bALI rahyAM che. emaNe pUchyuM, 'zuM bALI rahyAM cho tame ?' thaoNmasa kUparanI patnIe kahyuM, 'gharamAM rakhaDatI nakAmI pastI.' DaoN. thaoNmasa kUpare zAMtithI kahyuM, "e nakAmI pastI nathI, paraMtu zabdakoza aMge mArA kAmanA kAgaLo che.' zIlanI saMpadA 85

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DaoN. thaoNmasa kuparanI patnIe kahyuM, 'hA, mane khabara che A tamArA zabdakozanA kAgaLo che. tame enI lapamAMthI chUTo, mATe bALI rahI DaoN. thomasa kUpare kahyuM, 'kAgaLone tuM bALI zakIza, paNa mArI abhyAsavRttine kyAMthI bALI zakavAnI che ? vaLI AvuM karIne to teM mArA para moTo upakAra karyo che.' 'kayo ?" thaoNmasa kUpare kahyuM, 'teM mArI jiMdagInAM kAma karavAnAM ATha varSo vadhArI ApyAM.' kAbela sainikamAMthI sarvocca senApati ane paMcatAraka janarala banelA sarvazreSTha vAiTa DeviDa Aijhanahovara (1890 1969) amerikAnA 34mAM pramukha bheTa banyA. amerikAnA ripablikana pakSa taraphathI UbhA rahIne cUMTAI nA Aijhanahovare 'zAMti mATe aNu'nI vAta karIne rASTrIya aNupaMcanI sthApanA karI. pramukha tarIke Aijhanahovara cUMTAI AvyA tyAre emanA zabharamAMthI abhinaMdananI varSA thaI ane emane aneka bheTasogAdo maLI. A bheTasogAdamAM atyaMta kImatI AbhUSaNathI mAMDIne keTalIye moMghI cIjavastuo hatI. pramukhapade birAjelA Aijhanahovara prajApremanA pratIkarUpa A upahAra joIne prasanna thatA hatA. emane maLelI badhI bheTamAM eka sAmAnya jhADu paNa bheTa rUpe maLyuM hatuM. amerikAnA pramukhane AvI bheTa joIne Azcarya thayuM. mokalanAre enI sAthe abhinaMdanapatra paNa pAThavyo hato ane temAM lakhyuM hatuM, janma : 22 okTobara, 17pa9, vaMsTaminisTara, iMglenDa avasAna : 11 me, 1840, kolaMbiyA 86 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 83

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mAnanIya pramukhazrI, tamArA bhavya vijaya badala A bheTa mokalI rahyo chuM. e kadAca tamane vicitra ke aNagamatI lAgaze, paraMtu huM mAnuM chuM ke A AjanA divasanI sauthI yogya bheTa che. tame cUMTaNI samaye tamArAM bhASaNomAM ghoSaNA karI hatI ke jo huM amerikAnA pramukha thaIza, to mAruM paheluM kAma rAja vyavasthAmAM phelAyelI gaMdakI dUra karavAnuM che. A jhADunI bheTa tamane haMmezAM prajAne ApelA vacananI yAda Apaze." thoDA samaya pachI pramukhane maLelI bheTasogAdonuM pradarzana yojavAmAM AvyuM. emAM rASTrapati Aijhanahovare pelA jhADune uThAvIne kahyuM, mane maLelI A sarvazreSTha bheTa che. enA dvArA dezanA AtmAe mArI sAthe pratyakSa vAtacIta karI che." iMglenDanA elijhAbethana yuganA kavi eDamanDa sensare iMglenDanI kavine mahArANI vize prazastikAvya lakhyuM. A kAvyamAM kavi eDamanDa spensare arla oNpha inAma sAuthampaTananA guNonAM vakhANa karyA hatAM. emanI kAvyarasikatA ane mahAnatAne biradAvI hatI. arla oNpha sAuthampaTana kavitAnA cAhaka hovAnI sAthosAtha kavionA mitra ane madadagAra paNa hatA. prazasti-kAvya laIne eDamanDa spensara arvanA nivAsasthAne pahoMcyA. emaNe svaracita kAvyano kAgaLa arlanA nokarane Apyo ane pachI dIvAnakhaMDamAM besIne rAha jovA lAgyA. kAvyarasika arle kAgaLa kholIne kavitA vAMcavA mAMDI. kAvyano prAraMbha emane khUba gamI gayo eTale tarata ja nokarane hukama karyo, "o kavi mahAzayane vIsa pAunDa bheTa Apo." nokara arbanA hukamano amala karavA Ubho thayo. evAmAM arthe kAvyanI thoDI vadhu paMktio vAMcI ane bolI UThyA, "are o ! sAMbhaLa. emane bIjA vadhu vIsa pAunDa Apaje." janma : 14 oNkTobara, 18eo, Denisana, TeksAsa, amerikA avasAna : 28 mArca, 1999, voziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA 88 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 89

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nokara eTalI rakama ApavA mATe Ubho thayo ke vaLI pAcho arlano avAja gAjI UThyo, "are ! thobhI jA ! AvA kavinuM yogya sanmAna thavuM joIe. emane vIsa vadhu pAunDa Apaje." nokara e hukamano amala karavA AgaLa vadhyo. evAmAM arle samagra kAvyanuM paThana karI lIdhuM ane emano avAja AkhA khaMDamAM gAjI UThyo. emaNe kahyuM, "are ! pelA kavine tatkALa ahIMthI hAMkI kADhaje. kAvyamAM emaNe karelI atiprazaMsA patananuM kAraNa banI jAya tevI che." 90 janma avasAna - 1552, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa - 13 jAnyuArI, 159, laMDana, iMglaeNnDa zIlanI saMpadA prAcIna grIsanA prasiddha ethensa nagaramAM prativarSa eka spardhA yojAtI jIvananI hatI. A spardhA nagaranA sauthI vadhu buddhizALI vidyArthIne zodhavAnI. A jANakArI spardhAnA nirNAyako tarIke atyaMta vicakSaNa buddhi ane vizALa anubhava dharAvatI sAta vyaktionI samiti kArya karatI hatI. emanI parIkSAmAM je sauthI vadhu saphaLa thAya tene samagra dezanA sauthI vadhu buddhizALI vidyArthI tarIke jAhera karavAmAM Avato hato. ethensa nagarano vidyArthI sAMkreTisa A spardhAmAM bhAga lenAro sarvaprathama vidyArthI hato. e spardhA pUrve khUba taiyArI karato hato. asaMkhya graMtho vAMcI nAkhato. keTalAya vicAro vAgoLato, jIvana vize UMDuM ne gahana ciMtana karato hato. jagatanI pravartamAna samasyAono kaI kaI rIte ukela lAvI zake, te vizenA vikalpo zodhato hato. spardhAnA divase to saoNkreTisa rojanA samaya karatAM vahelo UThI jato. pANIthI moDhuM dhoIne tarata ja taiyArI karavA lAgI jato. manomana keTalIya samasyAo vize vicArato, enA uttaro ane ukelo taiyAra karato. saMpUrNa sajjatA ane taiyArI sAthe zIlanI saMpadA 91

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sAta sabhyonI samiti samakSa inTaravyu mATe hAjara thato hato. ene pahelo prazna pUchavAmAM Avato, "zuM tame atyaMta buddhizALI vidyArthI cho ? tamArI pAse jIvana vizenuM saghaLuM jJAna che ?" saoNkreTisa eno uttara Apato, "hA. huM jIvana vize saghaLuM jJAna dharAvuM chuM." nirNAyaka samiti AvA vidvAna vidyArthIne ene bIjo prazna pUchatI nahIM. eno A eka ja uttara sAMbhaLIne ene vidAya ApI detI hatI. banyuM evuM ke eka vAra saoNkreTisa A parIkSAmAM upasthita rahI zakyo nahIM, AthI eNe nirNAyaka samitine kAgaLa lakhyo ane sAthe haMmezAM puchAtA e praznanA uttaramAM lakhyuM ke e jIvana vize kazuM jANato nathI ! e divase nirNAyaka samitie saoNkreTisane zreSTha vidyArthI tarIke jAhera karyo. kaeN liphaoNrniyA yunivarsiTImAM abhyAsa karatA harbarTa hUvaranI Arthika saMgItakAranuM sthiti atyaMta nabaLI hatI. utkRSTa audArya ' gaNAtI yunivarsiTInI UMcI phI bharavAnI paNa bhAre muzkelI paDatI hatI. A samaye polenDano vikhyAta saMgItakAra pelphI TibaoNrniyAmAM saMgItanA kAryakramo Apato hato. kaoNlejiyana | hUvarane thayuM ke A mahAna saMgItakArano eka kAryakrama mu ane emAMthI je kaMI napho maLe e dvArA phI bharavAnI ra meLavI levI. 13 kuvAna harbarTa hUvare be hajAra DaoNlara ApavAnI zarate nA saMgItakArano kAryakrama yojyo, paraMtu harbarTanuM durbhAgya e ke dhAryA pramANe TikiTa vecAI nahIM ane pariNAme naphAne badale khoTano dhaMdho thayo ! saMgItakAra peDrIne nizcita rakama kaI rIte cUkavI zakAze eno savAla Ubho thayo. kAryakramanI Avaka laIne A yuvAna vidyArthI saMgItakAra pAse Avyo ane saghaLI vAta karI. saMgItakAre kahyuM ke, "je kaMI Avaka thaI hoya, temAMthI tamAro kharca bAda karIne je kaMI rakama vadhe e mane Apajo." janma : I. pU. 46940, ensa, grIsa avasAna : I. pR. 399, aMdhensa, grIsa 92 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 93

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yuvAna harbarTanA caherA para AnaMda chalakAI UThyo. saMgItakAranuM audArya joI khuzakhuzAla thayo. eNe haoNlanuM bhADuM, vIjaLInuM bila, nAstAno kharca, chapAmaNInuM bila tathA anya kharcA bAda karIne bAkInI 2kama saMgItakArane ApI. A ghaTanAne be-cAra divasa vItI gayA. eka divasa e saMgItakAra svayaM yuvAna vidyArthI harbarTane maLavA Avyo ane ene kahyuM, "tame ghaNI AzA sAthe mAro kAryakrama rAkhyo hato. mArAthI tamane nirAza na karAya. tame napho meLavIne abhyAsa AgaLa vadhAravA cAhatA hatA, to mArI A rakama svIkAro." yuvAna harbarTa saMgItakAranI mahAnatA joIne hRdayathI upakArabhAva anubhavI rahyA. samaya jatAM A harbarTa hUvara amerikAnA pramukha banyA, paNa pelA polaeNnDanA mahAna saMgItakAranuM audArya jIvanabhara yAda karatA rahyA. 94 janma : 10 oNgasTa 1874, avasAna : 20 oNkTobara, 1964 zIlanI saMpadA jyorja vaoNziMgTana (I. sa. 1732 - I. sa. 1799) agiyAra adamya varSanA hatA tyAre emanA pitAnuM avasAna thayuM. teo oramAna bhAI abhyAsavRtti sAthe mAunTa varanonanI potAnI jAgIra para vasavA AvyA. bALaka jyorja vaoNziMgTanane dariyAkAMThe sahelagAhe javAnI tIvra utkaMThA hatI, enI mAtA ene haMmezAM hatotsAha karatI hatI. bALapaNamAM abhyAsa mATe phI meLavavAnAM emane phAMphAM hatAM. oramAna mAtA ke oramAna bhAI kazuM ApatA nahIM, raMtu A bALakamAM abhyAsanI dhagaza eTalI ke koI ne koI zodhato raheto. eka divasa e najIkanI nizALanA AcArya pAse gayo. gabharATa vagara emanI pAse pahoMcIne potAnI Arthika sthitinI vAta karI. AnI sAthosAtha bhaNavAnI laganIno paNa khyAla Apyo. nizALanA AcArye kahyuM, "tArI vikaTa Arthika sthitine kAraNe huM tAre mATe niHzulka zikSaNanI vyavasthA karuM, paraMtu enA badalAmAM tAre kaMIka kAma karavuM paDaze." zIlanI saMpadA 95

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bALaka jyorja vaoNziMgTane kahyuM, "Apa kaho te kAma karavA huM rAjI chuM. mane bhaNavAnuM maLe to koI paNa kAma karavAnI mArI taiyArI che." AcArye kahyuM, "paNa tuM kayuM kAma karI zake ? tane kaMI khyAla Ave che kharo ?' jyorja vaoNziMgTane kahyuM, "sara, huM roja savAra-sAMja skUlanI saphAI karIza ane enA badalAmAM tame mane niHzulka abhyAsanI sagavaDa karI Apajo." vAta pAkI thaI. bIjA divasathI ja jyorja vaoNziMgTane dila daIne nizALanuM saphAIkAma zarU karyuM ane eno abhyAsa AgaLa cAlavA lAgyo. samaya jatAM A jyorja vaoNziMgTana jamInamApaNInA adhikRta adhikArI banyA. e pachI varjiniyA rAjyanA nAgarika-lazkaranA senApati thayA. mAunTa varanona khAte eka agraNI ane vagadAra pherapheksa kuTuMbanA mArthA sAthe emanAM lagna thayAM ane samaya jatAM amerikAnI aMti daramiyAna lazkaranA sarasenAdhipati, lokacAhanA dharAvatA rASTrapati ane amerikAnA prathama pramukha banyA. 96 janma avasAna : 22 phebruArI, 1732, vesTamoralaeNnDa, varjiniyA, amerikA = 14 Disembara, 1799, mAunTa veranona, varjiniyA, amerikA zIlanI saMpadA vlAdimira ilica iliyAnaoNva lenina (1870thI 1924) mahAna dezanetAnuM kraMtikArI ane zramajIvIonA rAhabara kartavya hatA, paraMtu enI sAthosAtha catura rAjakAraNI, vilakSaNa vyUharacanAkAra ane vyavahArakuzaLa netA paNa hatA. mArksavAdI vicArasaraNIne varelA vizvanA A krAMtikArI netA para duzmanoe sazastra humalo karyo hato. Ane pariNAme emanA zarIra para aneka jagAe ghA vAgyA hatA. emane haoNspiTalamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvyA hatA. evAmAM ativRSTine kAraNe dhorI relave mArga tUTI jatAM Trena-vyavahAra aniyamita thaI gayo hato. Ano raziyAmAM cAlatI zastrakrati para duSprabhAva paDe tema hatuM, kAraNa ke jo rastAnA samArakAmamAM vilaMba thAya to tikArIone samayasara pahoMcavuM muzkela bane tema hatuM. rastAnuM samArakAma karavA mATe majUro kAme lAgyA, paraMtu emane kyAMthI AnI utAvaLa hoya ? AthI lenine rASTrabhaktone kahyuM ke tame A majUronI sAthe kAme joDAI jAva. aneka zIlanI saMpadA 93

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dezabhakto rastAnA samArakAma mATe athAga parizrama karo. eka dezabhakta bImAra hato. enA mAthAnA vALa vadhI gayA hatA. dADhI UgI gaI hatI, paraMtu e paNa bIjA majUronI sAthe haroLamAM rahIne divasonA divaso sudhI sakhata majUrI karato rahyo. eka vAra majUronI haroLamAM beThelo A dezabhakta oLakhAI gayo. sahue kahyuM, "are, birAdara lenina ! tame taMdurastInI kALajI levAne badale ATalA badhA divasa sudhI Avo ati zrama lIdho ? ame badhAM AvAM kAma karIe, paNa ApanA jevA mahAna dezanetAe AvAM kAmo karavAnAM na hoya. tamAre to mahAna kArya karavAnAM hoya." A vAta sAMbhaLIne lenine kahyuM, "birAdaro, jo dezane mATe huM ATaluM kAma na karuM to kaI rIte mahAna kAma karI zakuM ? bhale mArI tabiyata nAdurasta hoya, paraMtu mAre paNa dezavAsI tarIke zrama karavo joIe. dezanetAnuM A prathama kartavya che." vikhyAta citrakAra Tarnara iMglenDanI raoNyala akAdamImAM yojAyelA vizvabharanA navoditone citrakAronA pradarzanane AkharI opa ApavA AvI pahoMcyA. taka vaizvika dhoraNe yojAyelA A citrapradarzanamAM aneka kalAkAroe bhAga lIdho hato ane AmAM pAmIne kalAkAra dhanyatA anubhavato hato. A raoNyala ekeDemInuM mAnada sabhyapada dharAvatA Tarnara citranI goThavaNIne dhyAnapUrvaka nihALatA hatA. emaNe joyuM to eka citra dIvAlanI bAjumAM mUkavAmAM ' hatuM. e aMge pRcchA karatAM Ayojakoe jaNAvyuM, "A citra mukavAnI koI jagA nathI. navodita kalAkAranuM A suMdara citra ApaNe pradarzanamAM mUkIzuM nahIM tethI enuM dila dubhAze, paraMtu ApaNI pAse e sivAya bIjo koI upAya nathI." citrakAra Tarnare e citra joyuM to khyAla Avyo ke UgatA kalAkAranI suMdara kalAkRti hatI. manamAM vicAryuM ke AvI suMdara kalAkRtine keTalo moTo anyAya thaI jaze. janma : 22 eprila 1830, ziyana empAyara, raziyA avasAna : 21 jAnyuArI, 1924, gopha, raziyA 98 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 99

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Tarnare vizva citra-pradarzananA Ayojakone kahyuM ke Ane mATe tamAre aphasosa karavAnI jarUra nathI. mArI pAse Ano upAya che. Ama kahIne Tarnare dIvAla para TAMgeluM potAnuM citra utArI lIdhuM ane navodita citrakAranuM citra mUkyuM. Ayoja koe kahyuM, "citra-pradarzanamAM ApanuM citra na hoya te kema cAle ?" Tarnare javAba Apyo, "nAmAMkita kalAkAroe khasI jatAM paNa zIkhavuM joIe. navodita kalAkAronI kalAne pragaTa thavAno avakAza Apavo joIe." vikhyAta phrenca sarjaka samaraseTa mome (1874-1995) navalakathA, nATaka, kamANIno navalikA jevAM sAhityasvarUpomAM yazasvI pradAna karyuM. phrAMsamAM samaraseTa momanuM aneka nazo. kalAkRtiothI sajAveluM suMdara ane vaibhavazALI nivAsasthAna jovA mATe vizvaprasiddha vyaktio AvatI hatI. teNe monTe kAryo ane nAisa vacce AvelA kepa pherATa vistAramAM vaibhavazALI 'vilA moreska" kharIdI hatI. enA nivAsasthAne aneka jagaprasiddha kalAkRtio hatI. uttama pharnicara hatuM. kImatI cIjavastuo hatI ane A badhAnI vacce pANInA kuMjA pAse eka tirADavALo kAcano pyAlo hato. samaraseTa maoNmanA nivAsasthAne AvelA patrakAroe pANInA kuMjA pAse paDelo kAcano tirADavALo pyAlo joIne vizvakhyAta sarjakane kahyuM, "tamArA A vaibhavazALI sthaLe Avo pyAlo ? kImatI ane mUlyavAna vastuothI zobhatA gharamAM Avo tirADavALo pyAlo AMkhane kaThe che." samasaseTa mome kahyuM, "A pyAlo e to mArA bhUtakALanuM smaraNa che." zIlanI saMpadA 101 janma : 23 eprila, 1775, konvenTa gArDana, laMDana, iMglenDa avasAna 19 Disembara, 1851, cAinA vAMka, eNlsiyA, laMDana, IMglenDa 10) zIlanI saMpadA

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'eTale ?" "jIvananA prAraMbhakALe evA paNa divaso hatA ke jyAre sAMjanA bhojananAM paNa phAMphAM hatAM. e samaye A tirADavALA glAsamAM huM pANI pIto. Aje huM khUba kamAuM , sarvatra mArI prazaMsA thAya che. kyAreka magajamAM eno nazo paNa caDe che, Ave samaye A kuMjAmAMthI tirADavALA glAsamAM pANI nAkhIne dhIre dhIre ghUMTaDA bharuM chuM. bhUtakALane vAgoLuM chuM. sAthe vicAruM chuM ke Aje bhale huM phrenca riverA vistAranA A vaibhavazALI makAnamAM raheto houM, mane mArI navalakathAomAMthI aDhaLaka kamANI thaI hoya, paraMtu e garIbInA divaso kevA hatA ! manamAM ATaluM gumAna zAne?" amerikAnA prasiddha navalakathAkAra viliyama phAMkanAre potAnI kRtiomAM lekhakano . Arthika sthiti, sAmAjika parivartana ane naitika jIvananuM darzana karAvyuM. enI dharma kRtiomAM viSayavastu, kalA-kasaba ane manobhAvono vyApaka vistAra Alekhyo. 49mAM emane nobela pAritoSika maLyuM. 1955mAM 'phebala ke emane pulinjhara pAritoSika maLyuM. A kRtimAM A sarjaka ma vizvayuddhanA sainikanA anubhava varNavyA che. emanI ghaNI kRtimAM hiMsAnuM varNana maLe che. teoe kahyuM mi, anukaMpA ane svArpaNa jevAM sanAtana mUlyonA pratipAdana ke emaNe AvAM virodhI tattvonuM darzana karAvyuM che. viliyama kanara kahetA ke vAcakone A paristhiti vize jAgrata karavA te lekhakano dharma che. be vizvayuddho pUrNa thayAM. bhaya ane saMhArathI AkhuM vizva dhrujI UThayuM. mAnavInI sattAlAlasAe mAnavIne ja mAnavabhakSI banAvyo. A samaye viliyama phAMkanAre trIjA vizvayuddha pachInA vizvanI noMdha lIdhI. emaNe lakhyuM, trIjuM vizvayuddha samApta thayuM. vinAzanA tAMDavamAM saMpUrNa zIlanI saMpadA 103 janma : 24 jAnyuArI, 1874, paeNrisa, phrAnsa avasAna : 16 Disembara, 19pa, nisa, phrAnsa 10ra zIlanI saMpadA

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mAnavajAta bharakhAI gaI. A samaye UMDI guphAmAMthI eka vAnara bahAra Avyo. e vAnare cotarapha dRSTi pheravI, to sarvatra tabAhI ane barabAdI jovA maLI. vAnara dhrUjI UThyo. enuM mAthuM bhamavA lAgyuM. citta stabdha thaI gayuM. ati saMtapta thaIne najIkamAM AvelA parvatanI Toca para caDIne AtmahatyA karavAnI e vAnara taiyArI karato hato. nIce UMDI khINamAM paDIne jIvanano aMta ANavo hato. tyAM ja pAchaLathI eka avAja Avyo. e avAja vAnare tatpaNa oLakhI kADhayo. bIjI guphAmAMthI nIkaLelI vAMdarIe ene bUma pADI. aMte A guphAvAsI vAnara AtmahatyAno khyAla choDIne vAnarakanyA pAse Avyo. vAnare pUchyuM, "tame vizvadahanamAMthI bacI gayA lAgo cho." vAMdarIe kahyuM, "hA, UMDI guphAmAM hovAne kAraNe." vAnare khUba parezAnI sAthe kahyuM, "o bhagavAna ! zuM have amAre pharIthI suSTinI racanA karavI paDaze ?" vikhyAta kavi viliyama varDjhavarthanA jIvanano sUrya astAcaLa tarapha DhaLato prasanatAnuM hato, chatAM mukha para apUrva prasannatA hatI. mRtyu dhIre dhIre emanI samIpa rahasya AvatuM hovA chatAM vajhavarthanAM saMtoSa ane svasthatA anupama hatAM. eka kavi-mitra varDjhavarthane maLavA mATe rAtanA samaye AvyA. varDjhavarthanA svajano sahu vIkharAI gayA hatA. tyAre A kavimitre vaDjhavarthane pUchyuM, kavi, mArA cittamAM keTalAya divasathI ApanA vize eka prazna ghoLAto hovAthI bhAre ajaMpo anubhavato hato. aMgata vAta pUchavAnI hovAthI Apa ekalA ho tevo samaya zodhato hato. Aje anAyAse ekAMtamAM maLavAno suyoga sAMpaDyo." iMglenDanA mahAkavi vajhavarthe pUchyuM, "evo te mArA vizeno kayo prazna che, je tamane ati becena banAvI mUke che ? mAruM jIvana to khullI kitAba jevuM che. tamArA mananI jijJAsA niHsaMkoca kaho." janma : 25 sapTembara, 1897, nyu AlbanI, misisipI, amerikSa avasAna : 6 julAI, 1912, bAyatheliyA, misisipI, amerikA 104 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 105

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kavi-mitrae kahyuM, "manamAM eka ja vAta mUMjhave che ke Apa AvI gaMbhIra mAMdagImAM paNa jIvana vize kevo parama saMtoSa dAkhavo cho ? Azcaryajanaka lAge tevuM parama jIvanasArthakya anubhavo cho ! ApanI vANImAM paNa e ja prasannatAno dhodha pragaTa thAya che. AnuM kAraNa zuM?" 44 kavi varDjhavarthe kahyuM, "koI paNa sarjaka enA zabdothI jIvato rahe che. enA vicAro e enA hRdayano dhabakAra hoya che. enI vANI e prajAne apAyelo saMskAravAraso hoya che. Aje maraNapathArIe vicAruM chuM ke meM je kAvyo ApyAM, je vicAro AlekhyA, je bhAvapUrNa racanA karI, e badhAMne A jagatamAMthI vidAya lIdhA pachI paNa jagata yAda karaze. mArA koI vicAra ke bhAva kazAya aMgata svArtha mATe ke navo sAhityika vAda Ubho karavA AlekhyA nathI. mArAM sarjanomAM kyAreya mAnavajAtane anarthakArI athavA to vikArayukta vAta maLaze nahIM. Ane kAraNe ja mArA jIvanakArya aMge parama saMtoSa anubhavuM chuM. A ja che mArI prasannatAnuM rahasya !" 106 janma - 7 eprila, 1770, kokaramAutha, iMglaeNnDa avasAnaH 23 eprila, 1850, kembaralaeNnDa, iMglaeNnDa zIlanI saMpadA apAra jijJAsAvRttine kAraNe cIlAcAlu abhyAsa-paddhatimAMthI mukta hiMmata hAravI banIne potAne je viSayomAM rasa paDato nahIM hato, tevA vargomAM sTIva jobsa abhyAsa karavA lAgyA. A samaye haoNsTelamAM emanI pAse rahevA mATe alAyado rUma nahoto. potAnA mitronI rUmamAM jamIna para sUI rahetA hatA. kokAkolAnI khAlI bATalIo pAchI ApIne emAMthI maLatI 2kamamAMthI thoDuMka khAI letA hatA. dara ravivAre sAteka mAIla cAlIne hare rAma maMdiramAM jatA, jethI peTa bharIne bhojana karavA maLe. jijJAsAvRttine kAraNe e kaeNligrAphI zIkhavA lAgyA. emAM judA judA prakAranA akSaro, AMkhane gamI jAya tevA akSaranA maroDa, be akSara vacce choDavI paDatI khAlI jagA, akSaro vacce aMtara rAkhIne enI suMdara goThavaNa - e badhuM karatAM sTIva jobsane AnaMdano anubhava thayo. vijJAna samajAvI na zake evA sauMdarya ane kalAtmakatAno sparza anubhavyo. Ama to kalpanA paNa nahotI ke kaeNligrAphI emane bhaviSyamAM upayogamAM Avaze, paraMtu dasa varSa bAda mekinTosa kampyUTaranI DijhAinamAM sTIva jobse enA A jJAnano upayoga karyo. suMdara akSaronI zIlanI saMpadA 107

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sagavaDa dharAvatuM e paheluM kamyuTara hatuM. jo emaNe sulekhanano abhyAsa na karyo hota to kamyuTaramAM jAtajAtanA suMdara akSaronI sagavaDa maLI na hota, kAraNa ke vinDojha e A mekinTojha kamyuTaranI ja nakala che. vIsa varSanI uMmare sTIva vojhaneTanI sAthe potAnA gharanA bhaMDakiyAmAM eNe epala kamyuTara banAvyuM ane mAtra dasa varSamAM to bhaMDakiyAmAMthI zarU thayelo A prayatna epala kaMpanImAM parivartita thayo. be abaja DaoNlara ane cAra hajAra karmacArIo dharAvatI epala kaMpanImAM mekinTosa kamyuTara banAvyuM, paNa trIsa varSanI vaye matabhedo thatAM sTIva jobsane pote sthApelI kaMpanImAMthI pANIcuM maLyuM. duniyA AkhIe eka tamAzAnI mAphaka A ghaTanA joI, paNa sTIva jobsa vicAryuM ke bhale mArI avagaNanA thaI hoya, chatAM kAryo pratyeno mAro prema to eTalo ja sAbUta ne majabUta che. eNe navesarathI zarUAta karI. pachInAM pAMca varSa eNe potAnI kaMpanI 'neksTa' sthApavAmAM pasAra karyA. e pachI bIjI kaMpanI 'piksala' sthApI ane e kaMpanIe 'Toya sTorIjha' nAmanI pahelI kamyuTara enimeTeDa philma banAvI. A prayAsoe sTIva jobsane duniyAbharamAM khyAti apAvI. sTIva jobsano enimezana TuDiyo abhUtapUrva saphaLatAne pAmyo. ghaTanAo evI banatI gaI ke epala kaMpanIe pharI sTIva jobsane bolAvyo. sTIva jobsa 'neksTa'mAM je TekanolojI vikasAvI hatI, te pharI epalanA punarutthAnanuM kAraNa banI. e mAnavA lAgyo ke epalamAMthI maLelI rUkhasada AzIrvAdarUpa banI, kAraNa ke jo epalamAMthI enI hakAlapaTTI thaI na hota, to TeknolaoNjInA AvA vizALa kSetranI khoja karavAnI enI sarjanazIlatAne taka sAMpaDI na hota. phrAMsano prabhAvavAdI citrakAra piyare-AgurUM renvAe citrakalAne pIDA ane praziSTa ane prAcIna vaLagaNonA bhArathI | mukta karI navI tAjagI ane maulikatA ullAsA ApI. aitihAsika, dhArmika ke paurANika viSayone tilAMjali ApIne eNe citrakalAmAM jivAtA jIvanano dhabakAra rajU karyo. enAM citronI mohakatA ane AkarSakatA anokhI rahI. 1892mAM renvAnI tabiyata kathaLI. 1899mAM dakSiNa phrAnsanA keinsamAM moTI jAgIra kharIdIne kAyamI vasavATa karyo.. 1910 pachI e cAlI zakato nahoto. pathArImAM paDyA paDyA A kalAsAdhake kSaNekSaNa potAnI kalA-ArAdhanAmAM vitAvI. dhIre dhIre enI AMkhonuM teja ochuM thavA lAgyuM. hAtha dhrujavA lAgyA. thoDI vAra bese ane zarIra thAkIne lothapotha thaI jatuM. dhrujatI AMgaLIothI mAMDa mAMDa pIMchI pakaDI zakato. mRtyu enA AyuSyanI nikaTa AvI UbhuM hatuM, Ama chatAM dhrujate hAthe revA pIMchI pakaDato ane dhIre dhIre potAnuM sarjana karato hato. janma : 24 phebruArI, 1955, sAna phrAnsisko, kaeNliphorniyA, amerikA avasAna : 5 okaTobara, 2011, polo alTo, kaeNliphorniyA, amerikA 108 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 109

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renvAnA svAsthyanI khabara pUchavA AvelA enA mitrae A kalAkArane kahyuM, "dosta, have to rahevA de. AkhI jiMdagI teM citrakalAnI anupama upAsanA karI. have jiMdagInA aMte thoDo to vizrAma kara. AMkhe ochuM dekhAya che ane AMgaLIo dhrUje che. AkharI kSaNo to ArAmamAM vitAva." renvAe dhImA tUTatA avAje kahyuM, "dosta ! citro e ja mAro vizrAma che ane enI sAdhanA sAthe ja ciravizrAma meLavavo che. A citro doratAM mane pIDA thAya che kharI, paraMtu citra-AlekhananA AnaMda samakSa mArI pIDA osarI jAya che. kahe, Avo vizrAma ane Avo ullAsa bIjI koI rIte maLe kharo ?" renvAno mitra citrakalAnA A parama upAsakane manomana vaMdI rahyo. 110 janma : 25 phebruArI, 1841, bIpogesa, phrAnsa avasAna - 3 Disembara, 1919, phrAMsa zIlanI saMpadA haMgerImAM vikhyAta saMgItakAra brAhmasanA 'kaoNnsarTa'no kAryakrama yojAyo kalAkAranI hato. enI sAthe eno sAthI ane javAbadArI vikhyAta vAyolinavAdaka joAkIma hato. haMgerInA pravAsamAM sArI evI saphaLatA maLaze evI dhAraNAthI baMne utsAhita hatA. kaoNnsarTanA kAryakramamAM saMgItacAhako UmaTI paDaze evI AzA hatI, paraMtu emanA pahelA kAryakramamAM mAtra eka ja vyakti AvI hatI. A paristhiti joIne joAkIma nirAza thayo ane eNe udAsIna svare brAhmasane kahyuM, "huM mAnuM chuM ke paNe Ajano kAryakrama rada karavo joIe." brAhmase savAla karyo, "zA mATe ? ApaNe kAryakrama ApavA mATe to ahIM AvyA chIe." joAkIme kahyuM, "tArI vAta sAcI che, paNa ApaNI hAlata to jo ! mAtra eka ja vyakti TikiTa kharcIne AvI che." brAhmase kahyuM, "emAM zuM ? ApaNe ene mATe kAryakrama rajU karIzuM." joAkIme Azcarya pragaTa karatAM kahyuM, " eka mANasa zIlanI saMpadA 111

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mATe traNa kalAkano ATalo moTo kAryakrama rajU karavo e narI mUrkhatA kahevAya." brAhmaNe kahyuM, "jarA vicAra to kara. A prekSaka je sthaLe raheto haze tyAMthI khAsa A kAryakramane mATe ane ApaNane sAMbhaLavA mATe cheka ahIM sudhI Avyo che. AthI priya jokIma, ApaNe ene nA pADI zakIe nahIM." joAkIme kahyuM, "are ! nA pADIe to kaMI AkAza tUTI paDavAnuM nathI. paisA to pAchA ApIe chIe ne !" brAhmaNe kahyuM, "tArI vAta sAcI che, paraMtu kalA ane vyavasAya pratye ApaNI paNa kaMI javAbadArI che ane ethIya vadhu ApaNe ApaNI jAtane javAba ApavAno hoya che, AthI huM kAryakrama rajU karIza." kAryakrama rajU karavAnI anicchA pragaTa karIne joAkIma bahAra nIkaLI gayo. thoDI ja vAramAM brAhmase eka vyaktinA 'oDiyansa' samakSa potAno kAryakrama zarU karyo. sAthIone eNe kahyuM hatuM ke game teTalA prekSako hoya, paNa kAryakrama pUro traNa kalAkano ja rajU thavo joIe. e rIte mahAna saMgItakAra brAhmase mAtra eka vyaktinI sanmukha traNa kalAkano kAryakrama Apyo. iMglenDanA prasiddha nATyakAra jyorja barnArDa zone pArTImAM AvavA mATe vastrone emanI paricita yuvatIe khUba Agraha karyo. barnArDa zo atyaMta vyasta hatA. nimaMtraNa vaLI pArTInA samaye eka anya vyakti sAthe emanI mulAkAta nizcita thaI hatI, Ama chatAM, yuvatIe jIde caDIne briTananI A mahAna sarjaka pratibhAne Agraha karyo. mazkarA jyorja barnArDa zoe pahelAM to yuvatInI vAtane hasI kADhI, paraMtu yuvatI TasathI masa thaI nahIM. Akhare barnArDa | namatuM jokhavuM paDyuM. sAMje barnArDa zaoN oNphisethI sIdhesIdhA mAM pahoMcyA. yuvatIe pahelAM to A mahAna lekhakane kALakAbhera AvakAra Apyo, paraMtu emanAM melAMghelAM kapaDAM joIne akaLAI gaI. yuvatIe kahyuM, 'misTara barnArDa zaoN, Apa to iMglenDanI eNTikeTathI vAkepha cho. pArTImAM AvAM kapaDAM paherIne koI Ave kharuM ?" janma : 3 me, 1833, barga, haMgerI avasAna : 3 eprila, 1897, viyenA barnArDa zaoNe saMkoca sAthe potAnI bhUla svIkAratAM kahyuM, "mApha karajo. huM ziSTAcAra cUkI gayo. mArI bhUla thaI gaI. huM zIlanI saMpadA 113 112 zIlanI saMpadA

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hamaNAM navAM vastro paherIne AvuM chuM." jyorja barnArDa zaoN khUba jhaDapathI ghera pahoMcyA ane navAM kapaDAM paherIne pArTImAM hAjara thayA. pelI yuvatIe emano umaLakAbhera satkAra karyo ane emanA pozAka aMge AnaMda vyakta karyo. pArTIno raMga barAbara jAmyo hato. paraspara ToLaTappAM thatAM hatAM ane AisakrIma khAtA khAtA moja-mastI cAlatI hatI. barnArDa zaoNe eka camacI AisakrIma laIne potAnAM kapaDAM sAme dharIne kahyuM, "mArAM mAnavaMtAM vastro ! tame A AisakrImane nyAya Apo. mArA suMdara istrIvALA koTa ! A AisakrImanA hakkadAra tame ne tame ja cho. teno svIkAra karo." pArTImAM upasthita sahune Azcarya thayuM. koIe jyorja barnArDa zone pUchyuM paNa kharuM ke "tame vastrone AisakrIma khavaDAvavAnI vAta kema karo cho ?" barnArDa zaoNe kahyuM, "juo, A pArTImAM vastrone nimaMtraNa hatuM. jyorja barnArDa zo to AvIne pAcho gayo. A vastrone pArTImAM praveza ane Adara-satkAra maLyA che, mATe A AIsakrIma mArAM vastrone khavaDAvuM chuM." barnArDa zaoNnI vAta sAMbhaLIne pelI yuvatI to akaLAI gaI. eNe gussAmAM barnArDa zaoN sAme joyuM. barnArDa zaoN eka paNa akSara bolyA vinA e yuvatIne 'Avajo" karIne samAraMbhanI bahAra nIkaLI gayA. 1820nI 12mI mee iTAlInA phlorensa zaheramAM janmelI nAnI bALakI dIvAvALI phlorensa gAmanA pAdarI sAthe ghoDA para | besIne pharavA nIkaLI hatI. pAdarIne devI rastAmAM rojara nAmano bharavADa maLyo. pAdarI rojarathI paricita hatA. A rojara jyAre jyAre gharanI bahAra nIkaLato, tyAre enI sAthe acUka eno kaMpa nAmano vaphAdAra kUtaro hoya ja. pAdarIe joyuM to Aje rojana sAthe kaMpa nahoto, tethI svAbhAvika rIte pUchavuM, "roja2, tAro kaeNpa kyAM gayo ? meM to tane kyAreya kaMpa vinA joyo nathI." rojare duHkhI avAje kahyuM, "keTalAka tophAnI chokarAoe rojarane paththara mAryA. eno Akho paga sUjI gayo. e jamIna para paga mAMDIne cAlI paNa zakato nathI. apAra pIDA thAya che. tene '' pAdarIe kahyuM, "enI pIDA dUra karavA mATe tuM kyA upacAra kare che ?" rojare kahyuM, ""upacAra ? enI dazA evI che ke have koI upacAra kAragata nIvaDe tema nathI. bIjI bAju enI pIDA paNa janma : 23 julAI, 1856, klina, AyarlenDa avasAna : 2 navembara, 1950, harTaphorDazAyara, iMglenDa 114 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 115

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huM joI zakato nathI, AthI meM vicAra karyo che ke ene gaLe doraDuM bhIMsIne ene mArI nAkhuM, jethI enI saghaLI pIDAno to aMta Ave rojaranI A vAta sAMbhaLatAM ja nAnakaDI phlorensa chaLI UThI. eNe kahyuM, "are ! AvI rIte vaphAdAra kUtarAne mArI nAkhavAno vicAra karatAM tamAro jIva kema cAle che ?" rojara kahe, "dIkarI, tane khabara nathI. e kUtaro keTalI badhI pIDA sahana kare che. e paLe paLe vedanA anubhave che. AvI pIDA karatAM to mota ene mATe vadhu vahAluM gaNAya !" phlorensa kahe, "evuM te hotuM haze ? cAla, huM tArI sAthe AvuM chuM. huM enI saMbhALa rAkhIza." nAnakaDI phlorensa rojarane ghera gaI ane kaMpane lAgelo ghA sApha karyA. enA paga para zeka karyo. thoDA samaye kaeNpanA pagano sojo dUra thayo ane kaMpa pharI harato pharato thayo. nAnakaDI phlorensanA upacAra kaMpane navajIvana ApyuM. e samaye A nAnakaDI phlorensa nakkI karyuM ke mAruM samagra jIvana ghAyalonI sevAmAM pasAra karIza. eNe yuddhapIDitonI saMbhALa laIne vizvabharamAM phlorensa nAiTiMgala tarIke nAmanA meLavI. 1854-57nA kimiyAnA yuddhamAM enI kAmagIrIe betAlIsa TakA yuddha sainikonA mRtyudarane be TakA jeTalo karI dIdho. rAtre DaoNkTaro sUI jatA tyAre A "dIvAvALI devI" dIvo laIne ghAyalonI zuzruSA karatAM hatAM. emaNe nasiMgane navo sAmAjika mobho Apyo ane 1907mAM "briTiza oNrDara oNva maeNriTa"no khitAba meLavanAra prathama sannArI banyAM. iMglenDanA vikhyAta navala kathAkAra e. je. kronina vyavasAye DaoNkTara hatA, kheDUtano paraMtu bImAra paDatAM eka pahADI vistAramAM havAphera mATe gayA. A samaye vizvAsa, emanA manamAM navalakathA lakhavAno vicAra spharyo. hAthamAM pena lIdhI. kalAko sudhI beThA; paraMtu kAgaLa para eka zabda utArI zakyA nahIM. mana makkama rAkhIne pharI vAra lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM ane kalama vegapUrvaka cAlavA mAMDI. pachI to navalakathA lakhatA jAya, emAM sudhAro karatA jAya ane thoDuM 2da paNa kare. lakhANamAM kyAMka sudhAro hoya, kyAMka rada karyuM hoya. ATalI badhI eNkacAka joIne aMte e badhA kAgaLo phADI nAkhe. vaLI pharI navesarathI lakhavAnuM zarU Ama karatAM keTalAya mahinAo vItI gayA. aMte navalakathAnuM sarjana karyuM kharuM, paraMtu punaH paThana karatAM vaLI ema thayuM ke saghaLI mahenata vyartha ! A navalakathA to vAcakane saheje AkarSe evI nathI. pArAvAra nirAzAmAM DUbelA ne akaLAyelA konine navalakathAnA e kAgaLo gharanI bahAra paDelA kacarAnA DabbAmAM pheMkI dIdhA. mana haLavuM karavA mATe laTAra mAravA janma : 12 me, 1820, phlorensa, skenI avasAna : 13 ogasTa, 1910, pArka lena, laMDana, iMglenDa 116 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 117

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nIkaLyA. rastAmAM eka kheDUtane retALa jamIna para khetI mATe khodakAma karatA joyo eTale DaoNkTara konine pUchayuM, "are bhAI ! tuM je jamIna khetI mATe khodI rahyo che, te to sAva ujjaDa che. emAM kazuM Uge tema nathI, to pachI ATalI badhI mahenata zuM kAma kare che ?" kheDUte kahyuM, "Apa sAcuM kaho cho. mArA pitA paNa Avo ja vicAra dharAve che, paraMtu huM khetI karyA vinA rahI zakato nathI, kAraNa ke mane pUro vizvAsa che ke koIka divasa to huM A verAna jamInane jarUra phaLadrupa banAvIza." kheDUtanI vAta sAMbhaLIne DaoN. e. je. kronina vicAramAM paDyA ane manomana bolyA, "eka nirakSara kheDUtane ATalo badho vizvAsa che, to huM ATaluM bhaNya-gaNyo hovA chatAM ATalo jaladI nirAza thaIne kema hAra mAnI lauM chuM." kronina ghera AvyA. pharI navalakathA lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM ane enuM nAma rAkhyuM 'heTarsa kesala'. 1931mAM pragaTa thayelI A navalakathA vizvaprasiddha banI ane enA parathI philmanuM paNa nirmANa thayuM. vikhyAta bhautikazAstrI ane rasAyaNavid mAikala pheraDe (1791prAraMbhe. 1867)e emanA jIvanano prAraMbha buka bAinDara tarIke karyo hato. 21 varSanI prayoga uMmare suvikhyAta aMgreja rasAyaNazAstrI sara hamphI DevInA madadanIza tarIke emanI nimaNUka thaI. ahIM mAikala pheraDee vidyuta cuMbakIya preraNAnA prayoganuM eka pradarzana yojyuM hatuM. emano A prayoga jovA mATe dezavidezathI aneka loko AvyA hatA. A darzakomAM eka mahilA paNa sAmela hatI. e potAnA nAnA bALakane laIne A prayoga jovA mATe AvI hatI. 1821mAM mAikala pherIe vidyuta moTaranA siddhAMtanI zodha karI hatI. e pachI be varSa bAda klorina vAyunuM pravAhI karaNa karanAra e prathama vijJAnI banyA. tyArabAda emaNe vidyuta ane cuMbakatva vacce AMtarasaMbaMdha rahelo che e hakIkata sthApita karI. keTalAMka prAraMbhika nirIkSaNa karyA ane 1931mAM vidyuta-cuMbakIya preraNanI ghaTanA zodhI kADhI, jemAM cuMbakIya tIvratAmAM pheraphAra thatAM vidyutapravAha udbhavato hoya che ane A rIte emaNe vidyuta cuMbakIya preraNa mATenA niyamo paNa ApyA. janma 19 julAI, 186, phasa, ala, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 6 jAnyuArI, 1981, menTarUA, sviTjharlaeNnDa 118 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 119

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emanA A prAraMbhika prayogane joIne e strI atyaMta gusse thaI ane mAikala pheraDe pAse pahoMcI gaI. eNe kahyuM, "tame AvA prayogo karo cho eno artha zo ? A pradarzanomAM lokone bhegA karIne tame sahune bevakUpha banAvo cho." mAikala pheraDee svasthatAthI pelI strIe keDe teDelA bALakane batAvIne kahyuM, "juo, jema ApanuM A bALaka atyAre nAnuM che, ema mAro prayoga paNa atyAre eka nAnA bALaka jevo che. Aje Apane ApanuM bALaka kazA upayogamAM AvatuM na hoya tevuM bane. ema Aje tamane mAro A prayoga sAmAnya lAge tema bane, paraMtu bhaviSyamAM A prayoga atyaMta mahattvapUrNa siddha thaI zake che ane emAMthI koI mahAna zodha sarjAI zake che." mAikala pheraDeno javAba sAMbhaLIne pelI strI mauna thaI gaI ane hakIkatamAM samaya jatAM mAikala pheraDeno A prayoga aneka zodhonuM kAraNa banyo. eNe sauprathama DAyanemo banAvyo ane vIja-vighaTananA mULabhUta siddhAMtone vyAkhyAyita paNa karyA. 120 janma - 22 sapTembara, 1791 nyUiMgaTana, sare, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 25 oNgasTa, 1867 hempaTana korTa, sare, iMglaeNnDa zIlanI saMpadA greTa briTananA naukAdaLanA vaDA haoNreziyo nelsana (1758-1805) sainikanI potAnA vizALa naukAkAphalA sAthe dariyAi saphara kheDI rahyA hatA. mAtra jiMdagI 12 varSanI vaye iMglaeNnDano naukAsainika bananAra nelsana vIsa varSanI vaye yuddhajahAjano kaptAna banyo. e pachI samaya jatAM nepoliyana bonApArTa sAthenAM dariyAI yuddhomAM briTananA naukAkAphalAnI saphaLa AgevAnI saMbhALanAra naukAdhipati banyo. eka vAra potAnA naukAkAphalA sAthe nelsana dariyAI saphara kheDato hato, tyAre ekAeka sAmethI duzmananAM be jahAjo emanA tarapha dhasI AvatAM dekhAyAM. e jahAjo atyaMta vegathI AvI rahyAM hatAM, tethI nelsane enA yuddhajahAjane ati jhaDape AgaLa vadhavA hukama karyo. A samaye nelsanano eka sainika jahAjamAMthI dariyAmAM gabaDI paDyo. e jIva bacAvavA koziza karato hato. hAtha vIMjhIne jahAja tarapha AvavAnA maraNiyA prayAso karato hato, paraMtu jahAjanI gati rokI zakAya tema nahotI, kAraNa ke sAmethI duzmananAM jahAjo tvarAthI sAme AvI rahyAM hatAM. zIlanI saMpadA 121

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naukAdhipati nelsanane A ghaTanAnI jANa karavAmAM AvI eTale eNe tatkALa Adeza karyo ke jahAja pAchuM laIne DUbatA sainikane koI paNa bhoge bacAvo. jahAja paranA enA sAthIoe kahyuM ke Ama karIzuM to duzmananAM jahAjo ApaNane gherI vaLaze ane eka sainikane bacAvavA jatAM ApaNe badhA dariyAI samAdhi pAmIzuM. nelsane samajAvyuM ke ene mATe pratyeka sainikanuM jIvana ati mUlyavAna che ane tethI ene Ama dariyAmAM jalasamAdhi leto, maraNane havAle choDI zakAya nahIM. jahAja pAchuM lAvavAmAM AvyuM ane sainikane bacAvavAmAM Avyo. AthI banyuM evuM ke duzmanoe mAnyuM ke iMglaeNnDanuM jahAja emanI tarapha e mATe AvI rahyuM che ke enI madade iMglaeNnDanAM bIjAM jahAjo AvI rahyAM che, AthI duzmanoe emanAM jahAjo pAchAM vALyAM ane sahune eka sainikanI jiMdagI bacAvanAra haoNreziyo nelsananI dilerIno paricaya thayo. 122 janma : 29 sapTembara, 1758, burranAma corpa, iMglaeNnDa avasAna : 21 oNkTobara, 1805, kaeNpa TrAphlagara, spena zIlanI saMpadA prasiddha navalakathAkAra, ciMtaka ane nATyakAra liyo TaoNlsToya (1828thI sarjakanuM 1910) kuTuMbanI vizALa milakata sAhasa saMbhALatA hatA ane samRddha jAgIradAra tarIke jIvana jIvatA hatA. emanA vaibhavI jIvanamAM evuM parivartana AvyuM ke ekatrIsa varSanI vaye potAnAM khetaromAM kAma karatAM majUranAM bALako mATe nizALa kholavAno saMkalpa karyo. emane samajAyuM ke bIjAnA zrama para jIvavuM e parAdhInatA ane zoSaNarUpa che. emaNe saMpUrNa svAvalaMbana svIkAryuM. 1890mAM raziyAmAM kAramo duSkALa paDyo. sarakAre A duSkALa rAhatanA kAma mATe sArI evI rakama judI phALavI. judI judI yojanAo karI, paraMtu e rakama duSkALapIDito sudhI pahoMcI nahIM. lAMcakhAu amaladAroe enAthI potAnAM gajavAM bharyAM. TaoNlsToye A paristhiti joI ane eNe vicAryuM ke sarakAranA saghaLA prayatno duSkALapIDitanI vedanA ochI karI zakyA nathI. have mAtra sarakAra para madAra rAkhIne besI rahevAthI kazuM vaLaze nahIM ema mAnIne liyo TaoNlsToye duSkALa pIDitone mATe pote svataMtra yojanA ghaDI. Ane mATe ghaNuM moTuM bhaMDoLa zIlanI saMpadA 123

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jarUrI hatuM, eTale emaNe potAnI aMgata oLakhANano upayoga karIne sArI evI rakama ekatrita karI. duSkALagrasta vistAromAM rasoDAM UbhAM karyo ane lokone mATe rAhatakAryo zarU karyo. satata AMtaramaMthana anubhavatA A dayALu, saMvedanazIla sarjaka duSkALamAM garIbonI paristhiti joIne UMDA vicAramAM paDI gayA ane emane lAgyuM ke duSkALapIDitonI avadazA e jamInadAronA pApanuM phaLa che. eno kAyamI aMta lAvavo hoya to amIra ane garIba vaccenI pracaMDa dIvAlo bhedavI paDe. vaLI samAnatAnA dhoraNe samAjaracanA nahIM thAya to raziyA kadI sukhanA divaso joI zakaze nahIM. A sarjaka manomana vicAramaMthana karIne potAnAM tejAbI lakhANo dvArA potAnuM hRdagata pragaTa karIne aTakI janArA nahotA. emaNe svajIvanamAM Ano sarvaprathama prayoga karyo. emaNe nirNaya karyo ke potAnAM pustakono kaoNpIrAiTa rAkhavo nahIM, lekhaka tarIkenA kazA hakka dharAvavA nahIM. e samaye liyo TaoNlsToyanuM gharakharca emanAM pustakonI Avaka parathI nabhatuM hatuM, AthI emanI sAhityarasika patnI sanyAe virodha karyo. e kaoNpIrAiTa laIne soyAe pote prakAzana-saMsthA sthApIne TaoNlsToyanAM pustakonI viziSTa AvRtti bahAra pADIne aDhaLaka kamANI karI, paraMtu AvI ghaTanAoe TaoNlsToyanA jIvanamAM UMDo AghAta jagAvyo. emaNe potAnAM pustakonA hakke soniyAne soMpyA, paraMtu enI sAthosAtha keTalAMka pustakonI Avaka lokakalyANa mATe vAparavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane ema karyuM paNa kharuM. sevA prasiddha vijJAnI lUI pAzcaramAM vijJAnanI adbhuta AMtarasUjha sAthe mAnavajatanI viziSTa evI prAyogika nipuNatA hatI. [ A baMne virala bAbatono emanAmAM samanvaya hovAthI lUI pAzcare mAnavajAta ane udyogo mATe ghaNAM mahattvanAM -inodhano karyA. A saMzodhanonI pAchaLa emanI jijJAsAvRtti :NabhUta hatI. koI paNa vAtane ema ne ema svIkArI levAne le cheka enA mULamAM jaIne ene vize vicAra karatA ane nI mULabhUta pAyAnI vicAraNA dvArA emaNe keTalIya upayogI vo karI. e samaye phrAMsano rezama-udyoga samagra yuropamAM prasiddha hato, paraMtu e samagra udyoga bhayamAM AvI paDyo. 1862mAM rezamanA tAMtaNA utpanna karatA kIDAo koI rogane kAraNe marI javA lAgyA. Ane pariNAme Akho ughoga mRtaprAya thAya ane hajAro loko berojagAra thAya evo bhaya Ubho thayo. A samaye phrAMsanA vikhyAta navalakathAkAra eNlekajhAnDara DUmAe A vijJAnIne vinaMtI karI. emaNe kahyuM ke rezamanA kIDAne thatA roganuM Apa kAraNa zodhI Apo ane udyogane bacAvIne rASTranA arthataMtrane sahAyarUpa bano. zIlanI saMpadA 125 janma 9 sapTembara, 28, thAranAtha, polivAnA, raziyA avasAna = 20 navembara, 10, asApora, raziyA 124 zIlanI saMpadA

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samartha sarjakanI A snehabharI vinaMtI kuzaLa vijJAnIe svIkArI lIdhI. Ane mATe lUI pAzcara paeNrisa nagarI choDIne lAisamAM gayA. ahIM emaNe saMzodhana zarU karyuM. A cepI roga mATe atyaMta sukSmAtisUkSma jaMtuo kAraNabhUta hatAM. Avo roga janmAvatA be jIvANuone lUI pAzcare zodhI kADhyA. pariNAme emaNe rezamanA kIDAone rogamukta karyA. e pachI luI pAzcare maraghAnAM baccAMne thatA cIkana kaoNlerA nAmanA rogano abhyAsa karIne pratikAraka rasI zodhI. e pachI Dhorane thatA enTeksa nAmanA rogano abhyAsa karI enA nivAraNa mATenI rasI paNa taiyAra karI ane chelle mAnavI ane prANIone thatA haDakavA upara saMzodhana karIne haDakavA sAmenI rasI taiyAra karI. emaNe e zodhyuM ke sAmAnya sUkSmadarzaka yaMtrathI na dekhAtA viSANu (vAyarasa)ne lIdhe A roga thAya che ane tethI e vAyarasano nAza karatI rasI taiyAra karI. sUkSmAtisUkSma jaMtuone jijJAsAthI jonArA lUI pAzcara mAnava ane prANInAM jIvana mATe mahattvanI zodha karI. nAnI vayathI ja vorana bapheTamAM vepAra karavAnI ane maLelI rakamanuM mATIno invesTamenTa karavAnI tIvra icchA rahI, AthI emaNe emanuM paheluM vepArI sAhasa mAnavI. yuiMgama ane kokAkolA vecavAnuM tathA ghera ghera aThavADika patra pahoMcADavAnuM karyuM. vepAramAM rasa eTalo ke potAnA dAdAnI kariyANAnI dukAnamAM paNa eNe kAma karyuM. nizALamAM hatA, tyAre akhabAro vecIne ke pachI golphanA daDA ke sTempa vecIne emaNe kamANI karavAno prayatna karyo. 1930mAM janmelA vaoNrana bapheTe agiyAra varSanI uMmare pahelo zera kharIdyo ane 14mA varSe to emaNe emanuM paheluM inkamaTaeNksa riTarna bharyuM. vaLI akhabAra vecavAnA rastA para potAnI bAisikala calAvIne e pAMtrIsa DaoNlara bAda meLavatA hatA. Ama nAnapaNathI ja vepAravRtti ane zera levAnI dilacaspI dharAvanAra vorana bapheTa samaya jatAM vIsamI sadInA sauthI vadhu saphaLa invesTara banyA ane barkazAyara hethave kaMpanInA sauthI moTA zeraholDara ane ceramena banyA. 1947mAM vuDro vilsana hAIskUlamAMthI vorana bapheTa grejyueTa thayA, tyAre enI vArSikImAM emanA phoTA sAthe evI noMdha hatI ke ene 'gaNita khUba game che ane bhaviSyamAM zIlanI saMpadA 127 janma : 23 Disembara, 1822, Dole, zUnya avasAna : 28 sapTembara, 185, senTa klAuDa, paeNrisa najIka, zansa 126 zIlanI saMpadA

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moTo zerabrokara banaze." ane e vAta paNa sAcI paDI ke hAIskUlamAM gaNitamAM kuzaLa evA vorana bapheTa capaTI vagADatAM gaNitanA javAbo ApI zaktA, eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa jyAre kaMpanInA naphA ke nukasAnanI vAta karavAnI Ave, tyAre phaTAphaTa AMkaDA bolIne sahune stabdha karI zake che. naphA ane nukasAnanI vigatonI rajUAta karavI hoya to sauthI pahelAM sahu koI vorena bapheTa tarapha najara kare. jIvanamAM eka pachI eka nANAkIya rokANo karatA gayA ane naphAno silasilo satata cAlu rahyo. 2008mAM vorena bapheTanI kula saMpatti 62 abaja DaoNlara hatI. phorbsa ene duniyAnI sauthI vadhu amIra vyakti jAhera karyo, paNa vaoNrena bapheTane potAnI saphaLatA ke saMpatti mATe saheje gumAna na hatuM. e kyAreya prAiveTa jeTa vimAnanI yAtrA karatA nahotA ane aDhaLaka dhana hovA chatAM 1958mAM mAtra 31500 DaoNlaramAM omAhAmAM traNa beDarUmavALuM eka sAmAnya makAna kharIduM. vorena bapheTane dekhADo karavo saheje pasaMda nathI. e koI paNa prakAranA dhanavaibhavanA pradarzanathI dUra rahe che. e kahe che ke 'bhInI mATI para maMda maMda samIra vaheto hoya tyAre khullA page cAlatAM jeTalo AnaMda Ave che, eTalo AnaMda kImatI moTara ane moMghA kapaDAMthI Avato nathI.' viyeTanAmanA rASTranAyaka ho-cI minha bALapaNamAM atyaMta sAmAnya vahevuM e ja vidyArthI hatA. goThiyAo A ThoTha nizALiyAnI khUba majAka karatA ane jIvana zikSako vargamAM ene vAraMvAra Thapako ApatA. A badhAne pariNAme ho-cI mitvane khUba duHkha ane AghAta thatA. eka samaya evo Avyo ke nizALanuM nAma paDatAM bhayathI kAMpavA lAgyo. pote bIjAonI majAka banI gayo che e vAta enAthI sahana thaI zakatI nahotI ane ene kAraNe ene abhyAsa tarapha bhAre aNagamo jAgyo. eka samaye eno jIvanarasa evo to UDI gayo ke ene bhojanamAM paNa ruci rahI nahIM. Akho divasa sunamuna besI rahe. kazuM kare nahIM. enAM mAtA-pitAne paNa ciMtA thaI ane emaNe ene samajAvyuM paNa kharuM ke "parIkSAmAM ekAda vAra niSphaLatA maLe, to tethI zuM thayuM? evuM to ghaNAnA jIvanamAM banatuM hoya che. enAthI abhyAsane tilAMjalI apAya nahIM. nApAsa thayo e vAta bhUlI jA ane bhaviSyano vicAra kara." mAtA-pitA sAMtvanA ApatAM hovA chatAM ho-cI minDane nirAzA ane mAnasika azAMtine kAraNe kazuM sUjhatuM nahotuM. A zIlanI saMpadA 129 janma : 30 ogasTa, 1930, omAhI, nebarAskA, amerikA 128 zIlanI saMpadA

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gamagInImAMthI chuTakAro meLavavo kaI rIte ? aMte eNe AtmahatyA karavAno vicAra karyo. aMdhArI rAtre ho-cI minha bauddha maTha pAsethI pasAra thato hato tyAre eNe maThamAMthI AvatA avAja sAMbhaLyA. utsukatApUrvaka e zuM kahe che e sAMbhaLavA mATe ho-cI milka maThanI aMdara gayo, to eka bauddha bhikhu potAnA sAthIone kahetA hatA, pANI meluM ke gaMduM thatuM nathI, enuM kAraNa e che ke e satata vahetuM hoya che. vahetA pANInA mArgamAM paNa aneka avarodho AvatA hoya che. ema chatAM e vahetuM rahe che ane ene pariNAme eka biMdumAMthI jharaNAMmAM, jharaNAMmAMthI nadImAM, nadImAMthI mahAnadImAM ane mahAnadImAMthI e samudramAM samAya che. A rIte vyaktinuM jIvana paNa vahetuM rahevuM joIe. aTako nahIM, vahetA raho." vidyArthI ho-cI minDa A sAMbhaLIne vicAramAM paDyo. tyAM vaLI e bhikhkhano avAja saMbhaLAyo, "pANI jema avarodhone oLaMgIne AgaLa dhape che, e rIte tamAre paNa avarodhone oLaMgIne AgaLa vadhavuM joIe. vahevuM ane cAlavuM e jIvana che. koI avarodha Ave ane aTakI jAya to zuM thAya ? tame jANo cho ke eka jagAe sthira thaI jatuM baMdhiyAra pANI lIla ane sevALathI saDIne ati malina banI jAya che." ho-cI mihanA cittamAM A zabdo guMjavA lAgyA. eNe gumAvelo AtmavizvAsa pAcho meLavyo ane nakkI karyuM ke have game teTalI niSphaLatAo Ave, to paNa nirAza thavuM nathI ane AgaLa vadhavuM che. Ama vicArIne te ghera pAcho pharyo ane samaya jatAM dezanuM netRtva saMbhALIne uttara viyeTanAmanA samartha pramukha thayA ane mahAna krAMtikArI netA tarIke vizvabharamAM emanI pratiSThA thaI. suvarNanuM bhojana jagavijetA thavA nIkaLelA sikaMdare nAnI vayathI ja vizvavijetA thavAnAM svapno jovAnI Teva keLavI hatI. enA | pitA ane mesiDoniyAnA rAjA philipa(bIjA)nI yuddhapratibhA, mutsaddIgIrI ane vyavahAru buddhi sikaMdarane vArasAmAM maLyAM hatAM, to e sAthe mAtAnA garviSTha ane Avezamaya svabhAvanuM tenAmAM mizraNa thayuM hatuM. AvA sikaMdare virATa sainya sAthe eka nagara para vijaya meLavavA caDAI karI, tyAre enA Azcaryano pAra rahyo nahIM. A nagaramAMthI koI rAjA, senApati ke sainiko enI sAme laDavA AvyA nahIM. enA guptacaroe tapAsa karIne kahyuM ke A nagaramAM eke puruSa jovA maLato nathI. mAtra strIo ja najare paDe che. samrATa sikaMdarane savAla jAgyo ke AvI niHzastra strIo sAthe yuddha kaI rIte laDI zakAya ? have karavuM zuM ? e UMDA vicAramAM DUbI gayo. thoDA samaye sikaMdarane bhUkha lAgI eTale eNe A mahilA samudAyanI agraNI mahilAne kahyuM, mane sUjhatuM nathI, mAre zuM karavuM ? tamArI sAthe laDavuM kaI rIte ? tamArI sAthe koI zastro paNa nathI ! paraMtu hAla to janma : 19 me, 1890, kIma leina, viyeTanAma avasAna : 2 sapTembara, 1939, hanoI, viyeTanAma 130 zIlanI saMpadA ( zIlanI saMpadA 131

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mane khUba bhUkha lAgI che. thoDuM bhojana Apo. thoDA ja samayamAM keTalIka strIo thALIo laIne AvI ane enA para kapaDuM DhAMkyuM hatuM. bhUkhyo sikaMdara bhojana mATe Atura hato eTale eNe tarata ja e thALI paranuM kapaDuM haTAvI dIdhuM, to Azcaryacakita thaI gayo. e thALImAM mAtra suvarNanA alaMkAro hatA." bhUkhathI vyAkuLa sikaMdare kahyuM, are, A suvarNanA alaMkAronuM huM zuM karuM ? enAthI mArI bhUkha maTaze kharI ? atyAre to mAre roTI joIe." A sAMbhaLIne agraNI mahilAe uttara Apyo, "zuM tame sonuM nathI khAtA ? suvarNanA alaMkAronuM bhojana nathI karatA ? jo tame mAtra roTI ja khAtA ho, to tame bIjAnI roTI chInavI levA mATe nIkaLyA na hota." A sAMbhaLIne sikaMdara ekAeka Ubho thaI gayo. sainyane kuca karavAno Adeza Apyo. ane e nagaranA dvAra para tattvajJAnI eNrisToTalanA ziSya sikaMdare eka zilAlekha lakhAvaDAvyo, "A nagaranI mahAna strIoe ajJAnI sikaMdarane khUba sAro bodhapATha Apyo che." amerikAnA prakhara mAnavatAvAdI pramukha ane gulAmonA muktidAtA evA mahAnatAnAM abrAhama liMkananuM bALapaNa atyaMta bIjA garIbImAM vyatIta thayuM. kuTuMbanI achatabharI sthitimAM abrAhama liMkanano uchera thayo ane emane samagra parivAra sAthe Thera Thera rajhaLapATa karavo paDyo. bALapaNamAM abrAhama liMkana eka paracUraNa cIja-vastunI dukAnamAM nokarI karatA hatA. tyAre eka strI cA kharIdavA AvI. abrAhama liMkane ene cA ApI; paraMtu rAtre jyAre e hisAba-kitAba karavA beTho, tyAre khyAla Avyo ke emaNe e strIe mAgI hatI, enA karatAM aDadhI cA ApI che ane paisA pUrepUrA lIdhA che. have karavuM zuM ? liMkanane gabharAmaNa thaI. pahelAM thayuM ke e strI bIje divase phariyAda karavA Avaze, tyAre ene bAkInI cA ApI daIza, vaLI manamAM vicAra jAgyo ke e strI na AvI to zuM? kadAca chetarAI hovAthI e pharI enI dukAnamAM AvavAnuM icche nahIM, tevuM paNa bane. janma : julAI, I. sa. pUrve 3pa6, kliA , grIsa avasAna : jUna, I. sa. pUrve 323, bebilona, irAke 132 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 133

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e strIthI likana paricita hovAthI tarata ja phAnasa laIne enA ghara tarapha nIkaLI paDyo. enuM ghara traNa mAIla dUra hatuM. eNe enA ghare jaIne enA bAraNe TakorA mAryA. e strIe daravAjo kholyo, tyAre bALaka abrAhama liMkane kahyuM, mane mApha karajo. bhUlathI meM tamane je cA ApI, te aDadhI ApI hatI. A bAkInI cA tame laI lo. utAvaLamAM mArAthI A bhUla thaI gaI che." bALakanI pramANikatA joIne e mahilA Azcarya sAthe AnaMda pAmI. eNe bALaka liMkanane zAbAzI ApatAM kahyuM, "beTA, tuM moTo thaIne jarUra eka mahAna mAnavI banIza." sTezana AIlenDa vora haoNspiTalamAM vikhyAta kaoNmeDiyana jimI DUrAMTa yuddhamAM adabhuta ghAyala thayelA sainikothI khIcokhIca | bharelA khaMDamAM potAno kAryakrama ApatA abhivAdana hatA. komeDiyana jimI pUrAMTa e samaye yuddhanA morace athavA to yuddhanA IjAgrastonI haoNspiTalamAM jaIne hAsya-kAryakramo Apato hato. jimI pUrAMTanI A kalA para sainiko vArI jatA hatA. keTalAya divasothI yuddhanA vAtAvaraNamAM rahelA sainikonuM visarAyeluM hAsya pharI pAchuM AvyuM. bImAra, IjAgrasta ke vedanAgrasta sainiko saghaLI yAtanA visArIne khaDakhaDATa hasatA hatA ane ene mANatA hatA. jimI DUrAMTanA kAryakramano samaya pUro thavA Avyo. jimI rAMTa enI chellI ramUja kaheto hato. e ramuja pUrI thavA AvI eTale eNe sainikonI vidAya levA mATe hAtha UMco karyo. evAmAM lAkaDAnI ghoDInA TekA para eka sainika Ubho thayo. yuddhamAM enA baMne paga kapAI gayA hatA, eNe jimI tUrAMTane kahyuM, "ame amArA jIvanamAM kadI Avo AnaMda mANyo zIlanI saMpadA 135 janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, bAna kAunTI, kekI, amerikA avasAna 15 eprila, 186pa, vaoNziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA 134 zIlanI saMpadA

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nathI.amArI ekalavAyI, vedanAgrasta jIvanadazAmAM tame sUryaprakAza laIne AvyA cho, to thoDo vadhu kAryakrama Apo evI amArI mAgaNI ane vinaMtI che." bIjA sainikoe paNa tAlIo ane protsAhaka avAjo karIne kAryakrama hajI AgaLa laMbAvavA kahyuM. A samaye jimI nUrAMTa sAthe rahelA emanA mitrae pUrAMTane najIka AvIne kAnamAM kahyuM ke nyUyorka reDiyo mATenA be progrAmanuM tamAruM rekorDiMga hajI bAkI che. e rekorDiMga Aje rAte karavuM paDe tema che. te mATe nyUyorka pahoMcavuM jarUrI che. vaLI, nyUyorka jatuM jahAja ahIMthI thoDI ja miniTomAM ravAnA thaze. - jimI pUrAMTe potAnA mitrane kahyuM ke tame nyUyorka reDiyone nA pADI do. mitrae kahyuM, "nA kahIzuM to ghaNI moTI rakama gumAvavI paDaze, eno tane khyAla to che ne ?" jimI DerAMTe kahyuM, 'rakama bhale gumAvavI paDe, paNa AvA rasika zrotAo jiMdagImAM kyAM pharI maLavAnA che ?" Ama kahIne jimI DUrAMTe yuddhamAM IjAgrasta be sainikone batAvyA. A baMne sainikono eka eka hAtha kapAI gayo hato. eka sainika eka hAthathI ane bIjo tenA hAthathI ema baMne bhegA thaIne tAlI pADatA hatA ane AnaMda mANatA hatA. jimI DUrAMTe kahyuM, "jo , mArI jiMdagImAM kyAreya meM mArI kalAnuM AvuM abhivAdana joyuM nathI." ane pachI AkhI rAta A vikhyAta kaoNmeDiyane IjAgrasta ghAyala sainikone potAnI ramUjathI hasAvyA. vizvanA prAraMbhakALanA agraNI moTara utpAdaka ane audyogika krAMtinA paNa tethI praNetA henrI phaoNrDa (1863-1947) emanA "esenlI lAina' plAnTa mATe | zuM? vizvabharamAM jANItA banyA. moTara ke skUTaramAM ja nahIM, paNa ghaDiyALa, reDiyo, Telivijhana, rephrijareTaranA jaththAbaMdha utpAdana mATe henrI phorDano siddhAMta svIkArAyo. AgavI sUjha dharAvanAra udyogavIra tarIke samagra vizvamAM emanuM nAma jANItuM hatuM. pratyeka zukravAre sAMje ghera pAchA phare tyAre phUlavALAnI dukAnethI phUla kharIde. vRddha phUlavALo A udyogapatine Adara Ape. thoDuM smita vere ane pachI emanA hAthamAM puSpo Ape. henrI phaoNrDane A vRddha mAnavIno vinaya, ziSTAcAra khUba pasaMda paDato hato. teo acUka zukravAranI sAMje ene tyAM phUla levA jatA. eka divasa mahattvAkAMkSI hejhI phaoNrDane vicAra Avyo ke A phUlavALAe enI AvaDatano sAco ane pUrNa upayoga karavo joIe. eNe manamAM mahattvAkAMkSA sevavI joIe. Thera Thera phUlanI dukAno kholIne aDhaLaka kamANI karavI joIe. zIlanI saMpadA 137 janma : 10 phebruArI, 1893, menahaTana, nyUyorka siTI, nyUyaoNrka, amerikA avasAna H 29 jAnyuArI, 1980, sAMtA monikA, kaeNliphorniyA, amerikA 136 zIlanI saMpadA

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eka zukravAre sAMje phUlo kharIdyA pachI henrI phaoNrDa e vRddha mAnavIne preraNA ane protsAhana ApatA hoya te Dhabe kahyuM, ApanI dukAna khUba suMdara che. phUlonI sajAvaTa paNa benamUna che. ATalI sArI dukAna cAle che to tamAre enI bIjI brAMca kholavI joIe." phUlavALAe namrabhAve kahyuM, "sAheba, jarUra kholuM. paNa tethI zuM?" henrI phaoNrTe satata pragatizIla Adhunika udyogapatinA aMdAjamAM kahyuM, "are ! pachI to A AkhA DeTroITa vistAramAM tamArI bolabAlA thaI jAya. tamane aDhaLaka kamANI thAya. ethI vadhu zuM joIe ?" phUlavALAe vaLI prazna karyo, "paNa A badhuM karyA pachI zuM?" "are ! pachI AgaLa jatAM samagra amerikAmAM tamAruM nAma gAjatuM thaI jaze. phUlanI vAta Avaze eTale loko tamane yAda karaze." phUlavALAe pUchayuM, "e pachI ?" are ! e pachI tame ArAmathI jIvI zakazo. ThAThamAThathI rahI zakazo." "e to huM Aje paNa karuM chuM ane ArAmathI jIvuM chuM. kaho, have mAre zuM karavuM?" phUlavALAno javAba sAMbhaLIne henrI phaoNrDa mauna thaI gayA. prasiddha raziyana navalakathAkAra, nATakakAra ane ciMtaka liyo sArAM kAma nikolAyavica maeNsTaoNye (I. sa. 1828thI 1910) jIvananI aDadhI karaje ! sadI pUrI karI hovA chatAM satata jenI zodha karatA hatA te jIvananuM lakSya maLatuM nahatuM. emanA jIvanamAM bhautika dRSTie badhuM ja hatuM, kiMtu bhItaramAM sAva khAlIpo hato. emanuM zarIra svastha ane majabUta hatuM. Arthika rIte sadhdhara hatA, saMtAnasukha paNa hatuM ane samagra yuropamAM sarjaka tarIke emanI kIrti chavAyelI hatI. A badhuM hovA chatAM jIvanalakyanA abhAve citanazIla liyo TaoNlsTaoNyane ema lAgatuM ke pote dizAzUnya jIvana gALe che. jANe paga nIcethI dharatI sarakI gaI hoya ane pote adhdhara laTaktA hoya tevuM anubhavatA ! liyo TaoNye taTasthaSTie jIvanano marma zodhavAno prayAsa karyo. Ane mATe khristI, hiMdu, muslima, bauddha dharmazAstronuM vAcana karyuM. AmAMthI eka navIna prakAzanI jhAMkhI thaI. satyanA e prakAzane potAnA jIvanamAM sArthaka banAvavA koziza karavA lAgyA. apAra samRddhimAM ALoTanAra jAgIradAra janma 3 30 julAI, 1833, grInaphilDa TArkanazipa, mizigana, amerikA avasAna : 3 eprila, 1943, ra lena, Darbana, mizigana, amerikA 138 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 139

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liyo TaoNlsTaoNye jarUriyAto ghaTADIne svAvalaMbI jIvana svIkAryuM. vRttio ane vAsanA para niyaMtraNa rAkhyuM. dhUmrapAna ane mAMsAhAra tyajyA. aMgata milakata ane jAgIrane choDavAnuM vicAravA lAgyA. lokonI vedanA jANavA mATe lAsanAyAthI maoNsko zahera sudhIno 130 mAIlano pagapALA pravAsa karyo. eka samaye lokothI alipta rahenArA dhanavAna liyo TaoNlsTaoNya lokonI vacce jIvavA lAgyA. emanI 'vora eNnDa pIsa' tathA 'eNnA kaeNreninA' jevI navalakathAoe samagra vizva para kAmaNa pAtharyuM, paraMtu have liyo TaoNlsTaoNyane ema lAgyuM ke emanI lekhanazaktino upayoga janatAno avAja rajU karavA mATe karavo joIe. liyo TaoNlsTaoNye A mATe hetulakSI nATako lakhavAM zarU karyAM. 1882mAM 'kanphezana' lakhyuM, jemAM emanI sabhAnakalA ane kalAtmaka prabhutva baMne pragaTa thayA. 1989mAM 'voTa ijha ArTa'mAM kalA khAtara kalAne jAkAro Apyo. emaNe upadezapradhAna ane sattvapradhAna mAnavakathAo lakhI. 'dha pAvara oNv DArkanesa' ane 'dha phrUTsa v enalAiTanamenTa' jevAM nATako lakhyAM. maoNskonA raMgamaMca para e nATako saphaLatAthI bhajavAyAM, paNa e joIne sarakArI amaladAronI AMkha phATI gaI. AvAM nATako aMge raziyAno jhAra khUba krodhe bharAyo, paraMtu liyo TaoNlsTaoNyanI pratiSThA eTalI badhI hatI ke rAjA jevo rAjA paNa kaMI karI zakyo nahIM. A samaye liyo TaoNlsTaoNya sahune kahetA, "zarIra AvatIkAle paDI jaze ema mAnI bane teTalAM sArAM kAma Aje ja karI levAM joIe." 140 janma - 9 sapTembara, 1828, dhAsnAyA, poliyAnA, raziyA avasAna - 20 navembara, 1910, asTApova, raziyA zIlanI saMpadA kIcaDamAM AnaMda cInano yuvarAja ekahaththuM zAsanamAM mAnato hato. ene prajAno avAja gUMgaLAvI nAkhavAno zokha hato. sattAnA madamAM DUbelo yuvarAja potAnA rAjakartavyane vIsarIne prajA para julama gujArato hato. A yuvarAje cInanA prasiddha dArzanika cyAMgatsunI dIrghadruSTi ane vicakSaNa buddhinI ghaNI vAto sAMbhaLI hatI. yuvarAjane manomana thayuM ke cyAMgatsune rAjadhAnImAM bolAvIne zAsanakArya soMpIe to enI buddhino ghaNo lAbha maLe. yuvarAjano saMdezavAhaka dArzanika cyAMgatsu pAse pahoMcyo, tyAre e dArzanika sarovaranA svaccha jaLamAM ramatI mAchalIone nihALI rahyo hato. saMdezavAhake yuvarAjano saMdezo Apyo ane potAnI sAthe rAjadhAnImAM AvavA kahyuM. cyAMgatsu to ema ne ema besI rahyo ane ramatiyALa mAchalIo nihALato rahyo. saMdezavAhakanI dhAraNA hatI ke enI pAsethI AvA mahattvapUrNa samAcAra sAMbhaLI cyAMgatsu AnaMdathI kUdI paDaze, paraMtu ahIM to AvA moTA samAcAra sAMbhaLavA chatAM gatyunA caherAnI eka rekhA paNa na zIlanI saMpadA 141

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badalAI. saMdezavAhake pharI vAra kahyuM, to pharI vAra paNa e ja pratikriyA. ogasUe saMdezavAhakane kahyuM, "meM sAMbhaLyuM che ke tArA rAjyamAM eka pavitra kAcabAnA mRta zarIrane hajAro varSathI rAjyamaMdiranI vedI para rAkhIne pUjA karavAmAM Ave che. hA, to mane kahe ke e kAcabAne marI jaIne potAnI pUjA jovI game ke pachI jIvita rahIne kIcaDamAM paDyA rahevuM ne haravuM pharavuM game ?" saMdezavAhake kahyuM, "kIcaDamAM haravuM-pharavuM vadhu game." galsa bolyo : "to tame have sidhAvo. huM paNa mArA kIcaDamAM harato-pharato rahIza. je sattAmAM prajAnA pratinidhio hoya nahIM. je rAjA potAnI sattAnA madamAM prajAkalyANa vize kazuM vicArato na hoya ane sadaiva rAja kartavyanI upekSA karato hoya tenI sAthe huM kaI rIte kAma karI zakuM ?" vikhyAta vaijJAnika thomasa AlvA eDisana grAmophona hatAzA cAle banAvavAmAM vyasta hatA. emanI prayogazALA membo pArka (nyUjarsI)mAM nahIM hatI. AmAM teo madada mATe ijanero ane bhautikazAstranA jANakArone nokarIe rAkhatA hatA. evAmAM vaLI eka muzkelI UbhI emanI icchA saMgItane ghera ghera pahoMcADavAnI hatI. paNa eka mazIna banAvyuM hatuM emAMthI haLavA ane bhAre nIkaLatA hatA, paraMtu AmAM eka TaeNnikala muzkelI ! thatAM tene ukelavAnuM kAma eDisane potAnA sahAyaka Ine soMpyuM. be varSa sudhI jyorje prayogazALAmAM A guMca ukelavAno prayAsa karyo. rAta-divasa macyo, paNa saphaLatA na maLI. nirAza jyorja eDisana pAse Avyo ane bolyo, "mArAthI A kAma nahIM thAya. AnI pAchaLa tamArA hajAra DaoNlara ane mArI jiMdagInAM be varSa pRthya ane chatAM kazuM hAtha lAgyuM nahIM. mazInane barAbara banAvI zakyo nathI. mArI niSphaLatA mane korI khAya che. koI bIjAne A kAma soMpyuM janma : I. sa. pUrve 330, meMgaseMga kAunTI, boyo, cIna avasAna : I. sa. pUrve 287 142 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 143

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hota to eNe saMzodhanathI eno ukela zodhI Apyo hota. ApanA sahAyaka tarIke mAruM rAjInAmuM ApavA mAguM chuM." Ama kahIne thomasa AlvA eDisananA Tebala para jyorje potAnuM rAjInAmuM mUkyuM. eDisane e rAjInAmAno kAgaLa phADI nAkhatAM kahyuM, "tamAruM rAjInAmuM nAmaMjUra karuM chuM." jyorje kahyuM, "huM niSphaLa puravAra thayo chuM, tema chatAM Apa zA mATe mAruM rAjInAmuM svIkAratA nathI ? be be varSanI mathAmaNa chatAM huM A samasyA ukelI zakyo nathI te dIvA jevI vAta che." thomasa AlvA eDisane kahyuM, "jyorja, huM mAnuM chuM ke Izvara ApaNane je koI samasyA Ape che eno ukela enI pAse hoya che. kadAca Aje ApaNe e ukela na meLavI zakIe, paraMtu eka divasa evo Ave che ke jyAre eno ukela koI ne koI zodhI kADhe che. mATe tame prayogazALAmAM pAchA jAva ane eno ukela zodhavA thoDo vadhu samaya mahenata karo." puruSArthanI. vizvanA prasiddha rasAyaNavid ane sUkSma jIvANuzAstrI lUI pAzcare (I. sa. 1822thI 1895) evAM keTalAMya saMzodhano karyA ke jeNe AgavI AMtarasUjha pratibhA ane prAyogika nipuNatA dharAvatA vaijJAnika tarIke emane khyAti apAvI. -.panAM saMzodhanonI pAchaLa mAnavakalyANano umadA Azaya hato. vijJAnI lUI pAzcara 1863mAM lila yunivarsiTInA tAna vidyAzAkhAnA DIna banyA. 1898mAM lUI pAzcara para ghiAtano humalo thayo. anekavidha upakAraka saMzodhano karanAra pAzcara have zuM karaze ? kaI rIte emanI prayogazALAmAM ogo karI zakaze ? emano DAbo hAtha ane DAbo paga haMmeza mATe nikti ane nirupayogI thaI gayA hatA. mAtra eka hAtha ane eka pagathI emaNe rojiMdAM kAryo karavAnAM hatAM. emAM paNa pArAvAra muzkelI paDatI hovAthI ghaNAe ema mAnyuM ke lUI pAzcara have vaijJAnika saMzodhano karI zakaze nahIM. koIe to evo aphasosa paNa vyakta karyo ke AvI mahAna pratibhAnI zakti cheMtAlIsa varSanI uMmare vilIna thaI gaI. paraMtu lUI pAzcara ema hAra svIkAre tevA nahotA. emaNe janma : 11 phebruArI, 1847, milAna, ohAyo, amerikA avasAna : 18 oNkTobara, 1931, vaMsTa reja, nyUjarsI, amerikA 144 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 145.

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thoDo samaya ArAma laIne punaH saMzodhanakArya zarU karyuM ane naveka varSamAM to pharI navA saMzodhano laIne mAnavajAtane upayogI banI rahyA. emaNe mAnavI ane prANIne thatA aneka rogonuM pRthakkaraNa karyuM. maraghAnAM baccAMne thato cikana kaoNlerA nAmanA rogano UMDo abhyAsa karIne 1880mAM enA upAya rUpe rasInI zodha karI. 1881mAM prANIne thatA enTeksa nAmanA roganAM kAraNono UMDANapUrvaka tAga meLavIne enA nivAraNanI rasI taiyAra karI ane 1885nI chaThThI julAIe haDakavA sAme jagatanA seMkaDo mAnavIone jIvatadAna ApatI rasI taiyAra karI, emanI A siddhi mAnavajAtane mATe kalyANakArI banI. Ama pakSAghAta pachInAM vIsa varSamAM jamaNA hAtha ane jamaNA paganI sahAyathI A mahAna vijJAnIe abhuta zodho karI. hakIkata e che ke emanA jIvananuM sarvottama saMzodhanakArya emaNe A vikalAMga avasthAmAM karyuM. amerikAnA 28mA pramukha vUDo vilsanane emanA salAhakAre kahyuM ke Dare te. 'amerikAnA naukAdaLe bhavya parAkrama karIne yazasvI vijaya meLavyo che.' bIjA vikhyAta baMdara dharAvatA meksikonA zahera verA kUjha para amerikAnA naukAdaLe yazasvI vijaya meLavyo che. have amerikAnA lazkarane mATe meksiko zaherane nizAna banAvIne dhvaMsa karavAnuM saraLa banyuM hatuM. cotarapha amerikAnA vijayanI prazaMsA thatI hatI. ghaNA sainikonI kurabAnInI IMTa para vijayanI imArata racAya che, e rIte amerikAnA naukAdaLanA ghaNA yuvAna sainika A yuddhamAM mAryA gayA ane emanA mRtadehone nyUyorka lAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. nyUyaoNrkamAM emanI rASTrasanmAna sAthe moTA pAye aMtima yAtrA yojI hatI. amerikAnA pramukha vaDo vilsane AmAM mukhya zoka pradarzaka tarIke bhAga levAnuM nakkI karyuM. pramukhanA salAhakAre ema kahyuM ke cotarapha vijayanuM vAtAvaraNa che, tyAre tame zA mATe aMtima vidhi zokagrasta kAryakramamAM jAva cho ? amerikAnA pramukha vUDo vilsane jaNAvyuM, "A koI zIlanI saMpadA 147 jUnma : 27 Disembara 1822, Dole, nyA avasAna : 28 sapTembara 1895, senTa klAuDa, paeNrisa najIka 146 zIlanI saMpadA

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zokagrasta kArya nathI. balke prajAnI cetanA ane rASTrabhaktinI parAkASThA darzAvanAro kAryakrama che." pramukhanA salAhakAre mukhya vAta para AvatAM kahyuM ke amerikA ane meksiko vacce ghaNA lAMbA vakhatathI yuddha cAle che ! e baMne pakSone khUba thakavanAruM banyuM che. emAM evI paNa vAto cAle che ke amerikana pramukhanI hatyA karavA mATe ghaNAM kAvatarAMo yojAyAM che. A sAMbhaLIne vUDro vilsane kahyuM ke mArI sAme kAvatarAMo ghaDAya che e mAtra aphavA paNa hoI zake. eka vyaktie kahyuM, "zrImAna pramukhazrI, tame vaoNziMgTana DI.sI. na jAo to sAruM." bIjAe kahyuM, "have nyUyaoNrka salAmata rahyuM nathI." jyAre patrakAra tarIke AvelI trIjI vyaktie kahyuM, "amerikA enA pramukhane gumAve te posAya tema nathI." pramukha vUDro vilsane javAba Apyo, "amerikAne pramukha vagara cAlaze, paNa bIkaNa ke bAyalo pramukha nahIM posAya." ane vUDro vilsane hakIkatamAM nyUyaoNrka jaIne pramukha tarIke sainikonI aMtima vidhimAM AgevAnI saMbhALI. 148 janma - 28 Disembara, 1853, sTenTana, varjiniyA, amerikA avasAna - 3 phebruArI, 1924, vaoNziMgTana DI.sI., amerikA zIlanI saMpadA Izvarano vizvAsa kahyuM, cArlsa enDrujhe kaoNlejano abhyAsa pUro karIne potAnA sevAnA kSetra tarIke iMglaeNnDanA gunAkhorIthI bharelA vistArane pasaMda karyo. A cArlsa enDrujhane bhArate 'dInabaMdhu' evuM upanAma ApyuM hatuM. AvA 'dInabaMdhu' cArlsa enDrujha tophAnI, vyasanI ane aneka aniSTa pravRttiothI badanAma evA A vistAramAMthI pasAra thatA hatA, tyAre eka dArUDiyo emane athaDAyo. dArU pIne chAkaTA banIne DolatA e yuvAnane cArlsa enDrujhe "are bhAI ! AvI bUrI hAlata thAya che, to pachI dArU zuM kAma pIe che ? dArU pIvAnuM choDI de." dArUDiyAe emanI vAtano upahAsa karatAM kahyuM, "zA mATe? enuM koI kAraNa kharuM ?" cArlsa enDrujha bolyA, "A dArU to mAnavane dAnava banAve che. e tAre mATe, tArA kuTuMba mATe vinAzaka banI raheze." ATaluM kahIne dInabaMdhu enDrujhe prabhuprArthanA karI - "he jisasa ! tuM Ane mApha karaje ane ene tArA AzIrvAda Apaje." zIlanI saMpadA 149

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cArlsa enDrujhanI A haMmezanI rIta hatI. pahelAM teo lokone vyasana ke durAcAra choDavAnuM kahetA ane pachI evI vyaktine mATe prabhune prArthanA karatA. bhAna gumAvI beThelA dArUDiyAe barADA pADatAM kahyuM, "eya ! tuM taddana bevakUpha che. tame kaI rIte ema vicAro cho ke e Izvara mane mApha karaze." ATaluM bolyA pachI dArUDiyAe gussAbhera kahyuM, "juo ! enI mAphI-bAphI ke AzIrvAdamAM mane saheje rasa nathI. khAlI mAthAkUTa choDI do. mane enAmAM (IzvaramAM) lezamAtra vizvAsa nathI." apAra anukaMpA sAthe dInabaMdhu enDajhe kahyuM, "mArA mitra ! mArA bhAI ! tane prabhumAM vizvAsa haze ke nahIM hoya, paraMtu ene tArAmAM pUrNa vizvAsa che. eka divasa evo jarUra Avaze ke jyAre tuM dArU tyajI daIza." dArUDiyAe AzcaryapUrvaka pazcAttApa sahita pUchyuM, "zuM Izvarane mArAmAM vizvAsa che kharo ?" dInabaMdhu enDrujhe kahyuM, "jarUra. huM tane enI khAtarI ApuM chuM." ane e divasathI e dArUDiyAe dArU pIvAnuM choDI dIdhuM. mAnavatAvAdI mahApuruSa abrAhama liMkana zaheranA agraNIonI sabhAmAM lAgaNIno rAja kAraNanA viSayonI chaNAvaTa karatuM | potAnuM sarvaprathama pravacana ApI rahyA sparza hatA. zaheranA prabuddha zrotAjano abrAhama liMkananA rAja kIya vicAro AdarapUrvaka ekAgratAthI sAMbhaLI rahyA hatA. evAmAM ekAeka liMkananA purANA vaDIla mitra ane cAhaka evA eka vRddha sabhAmAM dhasI AvyA. e vayovRddha potAnA nAnakaDA gAmaDAmAMthI khyAti meLavanArA abrAhama liMkanane maLavA AvyA hatA. sabhAjanone koNI mArI-mArIne khaseDatA A vRddha cheka maMcanI najIka AvyA. maMca pAse UbhA rahIne eNe liMkana sAthe hastadhanUna karavA mATe hAtha lAMbA karyA ane jorathI bolyA, kema che ! ebI ?" gAmaDAnA vRddhajane liMkanane enA TUMkA nAme bolAvyo ane e eTalA jorathI bolAvyo ke liMkananA rAjakIya viSaya paranA vaktavyanA zabdo dabAI gayA. liMkane potAnuM bhASaNa aTakAvIne tathA maMca AgaLa AvIne zIlanI saMpadA 151 janma : 12 phebruArI, 1871, IMglenDa avasAna : pa eprila, 1940, kaMlakAtA, bhArata 150 zIlanI saMpadA

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namIne, pelA vRddhajanane kahyuM, "tame kema cho ? aMkala jimI," Ama kahIne liMkana e vahAlabhara maLavA AvelA vRddhajanane maMca para lAvyo ane pote je khurazImAM beThA hatA, e khurazImAM emane besADyA. liMkananI khurazInI baMne bAju jillAnA agraNI netAo beThA hatA. vRddha grAmajane e baMne vacce sthAna lIdhuM ane liMkane potAnuM pravacana AgaLa calAvyuM. gAmaDAmAMthI AvelA jimIne pravacana zuM hoya che enI kaMI khabara nahotI, sabhA kone kahevAya enI kazI samaja nahotI. ene to AsapAsa badhuM citravicitra lAgatuM hatuM. thoDI vAramAM e akaLAI Ubho thayo. ane liMkana pAse jaIne ekAeka pUchyuM, "are, ebI. mApha karaje. huM tane e pUchavAnuM to bhUlI gayo ke merI kema che ? tArAM saMtAnonA paNa khuzIkhabara meM pUchaLyA nahIM." saheje akaLAyA vinA abrAhama liMkane kahyuM, e badhA AnaMdamAM che, aMkala jimI." ATaluM kahIne likane saheja hasIne potAnuM vaktavya AgaLa cAlu rAkhyuM. e pachInA liMkananA vaktavyanA zabdomAM ane avAjamAM mAnavahRdayane sparzavAnI vadhu kSamatA pragaTa thaI ! pratikULa paristhitimAM svastha rahenAra mAnavIo virala hoya che, paraMtu emanI e svasthatA emanA jIvananI eka vizeSa UMcAIne pragaTa karatI hoya che. aMgrejI bhASAnA eka uttama kavi, vivecaka ane philasUpha eNmyuala bagIco ke Telara kolarija (I. sa. 177rathI 1834)nA pitA devaLanA pAdarI hatA. jaMgala aMgreja kaviomAM A layalubdha kavinI racanAo lokakaMThe guMjatI hatI. kavi kolarijanI mulAkAte AvelA mitrae kahyuM ke teo bALakone mUlyalakSI ane dhArmika zikSaNa ApavAnI prathAnA prakhara virodhI che. eka samaye pAdarI banavAnA udde zathI I. sa. 1791mAM kembrijanI jisasa kaoNlejamAM dAkhala thanAra kolarije pUchayuM, bALakone mUlyalakSI ane dhArmika zikSaNa nahIM ApavuM joIe enI pAchaLa tamAro tarka zo che ?" mitrae kahyuM, "AmAM kyAM koI tarka ke laoNjikanI vAta che? A to sAmAnya buddhinI vAta che. bALakonI buddhi paripakva hotI nathI. evAM bALako para dhArmika vicAro lAdavAmAM Ave to teo sArA-narasAno bheda karI zakatA nathI. paripakva buddhivALA chokarAo ja dhArmika zikSaNane yogya rIte samajI janma : 12 phebruArI, 1809, kojenavile, kendra rAjapa, amerikA avasAna : 15 eprila, 186pa, voziMgTana .sI., amerikA upara zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 153

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zakaze." kolarija kahe, "bALakone AvuM zikSaNa ApIne enuM jIvanaghaDatara karavAmAM tamane vAMdho zo che ?" mitrae kahyuM, "A to bALakonI svataMtratA para tarApa mArI gaNAya. Ane huM eka prakAranI mAnasika johukamI mAnuM chuM, samajyA?" korija pratyuttara ApavAne badale mitrane bagIcAmAM laI gayA. emano mitra behAla bagIcAne joIne bUma pADI UThyo, "are, A to bagIco che ke jaMgala ? keTalAM badhAM jhADIjhAMkharAM paDyAM che. keTalA nakAmA choDa UgyA che. Ane tame bagIco kaho cho?" kolarIje kahyuM, "juo, huM bagIcAnI svataMtratAmAM mAnuM chuM. enA para kazuM AkramaNa karato nathI. vRkSa, vela ke ghAsane jyAM ane jema UgavuM hoya tema UgavA dauM chuM. ene pariNAme A bagIco tamane jaMgala jevo lAgyo. svataMtratAnuM pariNAma joyuM ne !" pelA mitrane satya samajAyuM ane bolI UThyo, "sAcI vAta, mUlyalakSI zikSaNathI bALakonuM jIvanaghaDatara karavuM joIe, jethI A jagatanA bAgamAM sarasa rIte aMkurita thaIne teo UgI zake ane manaprasanna thAya tema phUlI-phAlI zake." bosTana zaheramAM eka virala samAroha yojAyo hato. bhUtapUrva "pharsTa eTalI ja leDI oNpha amerikA" jekvelina keneDI bosTananI jhona keneDI lAibrerImAM prArthanA upasthita hatI. samAraMbha hato nyUjarsInA gavarnara jima phloriyA pramukha jhona keneDInI smRtimAM apAto "prophAila Ina kare ja' eNvaoNrDa ApavAno. jhona keneDInA avasAna pachI grIka mAletujAra onAsisane paraNelI ane vaidhavya pAmelI jekvelina A samaye atyaMta vyathita hatI. vahetI thayelI vAta sAcI hoya to enuM korI khAtuM ekalavAyApaNuM ene mATe kensaranA jIvaleNa rogamAM pariNamyuM A prasaMge jekvelina keneDI ane eno putra hona keneDI (juniyara) ekabIjAnI bAjumAM beThA hatA. jekvalIna sAthe enA putrae eka zabda pUrato paNa vArtAlApa karyo nahIM. jekveline ene sAme cAlIne bolAvavA koziza karI, to jahone potAnuM mukha pheravI lIdhuM. putra potAnI sAthe bolavAno inkAra kare ane putrI maLavAno inakAra kare e anubhave A samAraMbhamAM ja janma : 21 okTobara, 1772, orI, seMTa merI, iMglenDa avasAna : 25 julAI, 1834, hAigeTa, iMglenDa 154 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 155

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jekvelina keneDI bhAMgI paDI. dhrusake dhrusake raDatAM e bolI UThI, hA. AmAM vAMka mAro ja che. meM AMkha mIMcIne dhana ane moja zokha pAchaLa AMdhaLI doTa mUkI hatI. paiso hoya to jagata jakha mAre che ema mAnIne vRddha nAsisane paraNI. nAsise jara-jhaverAta ane samRddhino varasAda varasAvyo, paNa e samRddhithI to huM saMtuSTa thavAne badale satata saLagatI rahI. mane khabara paDI ke A to jhAMjhavAnAM nIra karatAMya vadhAre bhrAmaka ane chetarAmaNuM che." A jekvelina nAsIse potAnI sakhI emIlI TuarTanane lakhelA patramAM potAnI hRdaya vedanA ThAlavatAM lakhyuM, "atyAre huM sAva nirAza, hatAza ane vyathAthI bharapUra chuM. mArA putra ke mArAM potIkAM jano mAro nathI. huM lAMbA vakhata sudhI mAthuM pakaDIne besI rahuM chuM ane vicAruM chuM huM zuM pAmI ? "he sakhI ! mArA vatI prabhune prArthanA kare to eTaluM kaheje ke dhanakubera banavA cAhatI huM sAva khAlI hAthe tArI pAse AvI chuM. he karuNAnA sAgara ! teno tuM svIkAra karaje . koI paNa meka-apa vagara, koI paNa ThATha vagara, patrakAro, prasiddhi ke tasavIrakAronA kAphalA vagara tArI samIpa AvI chuM. Aje jevI che tevI mane tuM apanAvaje ." amerikAnA vikhyAta upapramukha thomasa je pharasana lAMbI musApharI bAda hai rahI na thAkelA ane melAMghelAM sAmAnya vastro sAthe bAlTImora zaheranI eka vikhyAta zakuM hoTalamAM pravezyA. lAMbA pravAsane kAraNe emanAM kapaDAM asvaccha thayAM hatAM ane emano dekhAva koI melA-ghelA gAmaDiyA jevo lAgato hato. bAlTImora zaheranI hoTalamAM AvIne thomasa je pharasane hoTalanA mAlikane pUchyuM, "bhAI ! tame mArA mATe koI UtaravAnI sagavaDa karI zakazo kharA ? hoTalano koI kamaro khAlI che ke jethI tame mane ApI zako ?" melAghelAM vastro joIne hoTalanA mAlike pravAsIonuM patraka jovAne badale thomasa je pharasanane sIdhesIdhI nA ja pADI dIdhI ane kahyuM, "hoTalamAM kyAMya eke ya kamaro khAlI nathI." thomasa jepharasane pharI vinaMtI karI tyAre pitto gumAvIne hoTalanA mAlike kahyuM, 'tamane eka vAra to kahyuM ke ahIM tamAre mATe koI jagA nathI. barAbara sAMbhaLI lo. tamArA jevA melAghelA gAmaDiyA mATe A hoTalamAM koI sthAna nathI.' janma 28 julAI, 1929, sAuthana, napUryA, amerikA avasAna : 19 ke, 14, enaTana, nyUyAMka siTI, nyUyorka, amerikA 156 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 157

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amerikAnA upapramukha thomasa jepharasane zAMtithI vidAya lIdhI. thoDI vAre e hoTalamAM hoTala-mAlikano mitra dAkhala thayo ane hoTala mAlikane kahyuM, "are dosta ! pelA melAghelA dekhAtA ghoDesavArane oLakhyo kharo ? je hamaNAM ja ahIMthI nIkaLIne bahAra gayA." hoTalamAlike kahyuM, "AvA gAmaDiyAonI huM paravA karato nathI. koNa hato e ?" "are ! e bIjA koI nahIM, paNa amerikAnA upapramukha thomasa je pharasana hatA." A sAMbhaLatAM ja hoTalano mAlika enI khurazImAMthI Ubho thaIne doDyo. tatkALa emanI zodha mATe bahAra nIkaLyo. eka anya hoTalamAM thomasa je pharasane utAro lIdho hato. hoTalamAlike kahyuM, "sAheba ! mane mApha karo. mArAthI akSamya bhUla thaI gaI che. Apa pAchA cAlo. mArI hoTalano sArAmAM sAro sUTa Apane ApIza." thomasa je pharasane kahyuM, "nA bhAI, have e zakya nathI." hoTalamAlike kahyuM, "sAheba ! Apane mATe zuM azakya hoya ? cAlo, cAlo, mArI bhUlane daragujara karIne cAlo." thomasa je pharasane kahyuM, "jo, je hoTalamAM melAghelA gAmaDiyAne sthAna na hoya, e hoTalamAM amerikAnA upapramukha rahI zake nahIM." amerikAnA mAnavatAvAdI pramukha abrAhama liMkane emanI kArakirdIno kesano. prAraMbha vakIlAtanA vyavasAyathI karyo hato. eka vAra vakIla liMkana pAse eka vyakti ukelA dhUMvAMpUvAM thatI AvI ane eNe kahyuM, mAre eka vyakti sAme kesa mAMDavo che. ene sIdho dora karI nAkhavo che. mArI pAsethI uchInAM lIdhelAM nANAM e parata Apato nathI.' liMkane vAtane spaSTa karatAM kahyuM, 'tame ema kahevA mAgo cho ke tame ene amuka rakama lona rUpe ApI hatI ane have e pAchI vALato nathI. kharu ne ?" pelI vyaktie utsAhabhera UchaLatAM kahyuM, 'basa, A ja vAta che. kesano muddo paNa ATalo ja che." likane jarA gaMbhIra banIne pUchyuM, 'tame ene keTalI rakama lona rUpe ApI che ? pAMcaso ke hajAra DaoNlara ApyA che ?" dAvo dAkhala karavA AvelI vyakti thoDI acakAI. eNe thoDA dabAtA avAje kahyuM, 'juo, 2kama bahu mahattvanI nathI. janma 13 eprila, 1343, ghaMDavela, varjiniyA, amerikA avasAna : 4 julAI, 1823, cArloTsa vile, varjiniyA, amerikA 158 zIlanI saMpadA zIlanI saMpadA 159

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paNa lona eTale lona. ApelI samayamaryAdAmAM pAchI vALavI joIe abrAhama liMkane pharI keTalI rakama ApI che te pUchavuM, tyAre pelI vyaktie kahyuM, 'juo, rakama to mAtra aDhI DaoNlaranI che. paNa game teTalI ochI rakamanI lona hoya, paNa e lona pAchI vALavI te kartavya gaNAya. kharuM ne ? rakamanuM mahattva nathI, paNa ene barAbara padArthapATha Apavo te agatyanuM che.' abrAhama liMkane kahyuM, 'tamane e to khyAla che ne ke mArI phI dasa DaoNlara che. tamAre A kesa mATe eTalI phI ApavI paDaze.' 'hA, tamArI phI ApavA taiyAra chuM. kaMIka evuM karo ke jiMdagIbhara ene barAbara sabaka maLI jAya.' abrAhama liMkane pelI vyakti pAsethI dasa DaoNlaranI phI lIdhI. jenA para dAvo dAkhala karavAno hato ane pAMca DaoNlara mokalyA. sAthe jaNAvyuM ke AmAMthI aDhI DaoNlara uchInA lIdhA che ene cUkavI deje ane bAkInA aDhI DaoNlara tArI pAse rAkhaje. bAkInA pAMca DaoNlara abrAhama liMkane potAnI phI peTe rAkhyA. A rIte liMkane baMne pakSane saMtuSTa karyA. janma : 12 hebukhArI, 1809, hojenavile, kekI rAjaya, amerikA avasAna H 15 eprila, 1865, vAMziraTena sI., amerikA 160 zIlanI saMpadA