Book Title: Shabdakosh
Author(s): Ratanlal Mishr
Publisher: Literary Circle
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020693/1

JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLY
Page #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir शब्दकोश ॥ कला, इतिहास, पुरातत्त्व कोश Technical Terms of Fine Arts, Architecture, Archaeology and History रतन लाल मिश्र For Private and Personal Use Only Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir शब्दकोश कला, इतिहास, पुरातत्त्व कोश (Technical Terms of Fine Arts, Architecture - Archaeology and History) लेखक रतन लाल मिश्र लिट्रेरी सर्किल, जयपुर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir प्रकाशक लिट्रेरी सर्किल, सी-१२/१३, प्रथम तल, खण्डेलवाल गर्ल्स कॉलेज के सामने, संसार चन्द्र रोड, जयपुर - ३०२००१ Phone: 4004330, Mobile 9414054330 literarycirclejpr@yahoo.com © लेखक ISBN: 81-8182-045-2 मूल्य 495/- मात्र संस्करण : 2009 मुद्रक : शीतल प्रिन्टर्स For Private and Personal Use Only Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Preface The dictionary of technical terms of architecture, whaeology, fine arts and history provides an easy knowledge w the students and common people alike. The students feel a ; reat difficulty in knowing the meaning of these technical ...ms. It is also not easy for them to consult a voluminous " na., .s rh is beyond their means. He therefore, stands in need of a dictionary which can provide meaning of these terms in an easy and comprehensible manner and still, is not beyond their means. As the subject of architecture is exhaustive, some additional information is provided in the form of three subsections as mentioned below(A) General Architectural Terms (with meaning in English in English alphabetical order) (B) General Architectural Terms (with English meaning - Another version) (C) Temple Architectural Terms (with both Hindi and English meaning and Hindi alphabatic order) There seems to be some repeatation but as the technical words are provided in different alphabetical orders for the benefit and convenience of the readers some amount of repetation is unavoidable. The second part contains the Hindi meaning of the terms of Archaelogy and the third the terms of Fine Arts in the same way. The fourth part contains terms of History. It is hoped that the dictionary will prove useful for the students as well as for general reader. Dr. Ratanlal Mishra Jaipur For Private and Personal Use Only Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. www.kobatirth.org Contents Architecture Iconographic Terms Archaeology Fine Arts History List of Illustrations: Figures For Private and Personal Use Only Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1-82 83-89 90-119 120-141 142-197 Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architecture The art of architecture is for all man to learn, because all are concerned with it. It is really an art of organising space. According to Ruskin "All good architecture is the expression of national life and character; and it is produced by a prevalant and eager national taste or desire for beauty." The study of Architecture opens up the enjoyment of contemplating buildings with an appreciation of their purpose, meaning and charm and every structure conjures up the condition of the past ages. It is the one art with which we are all brought into daily contact for it shelters us from the elements, gives us 'home' and enshrines the sacred symbols of all religions. Architecture is the mother of sculpture and painting and is the oldest of all arts. The great rulers of this country have been patrons of this art and some of them have used architecture as the symbol of their personal power. The rulers have become the thing of the past hence, today it is the turn of the people to become the patron of the art. Every art has its technical terms which are difficult to the readers and students alike to grasp their proper meaning. Attempt has been made in this work to make these terms easily understable by giving their meaning in Hindi language. Besides, illustrations of some terms are given which will enable the readers to grasp the proper form and meaning of the term. It is earnestly hoped that the book will prove helpful to those students, scholars and readers who are interested in the art of architecture. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary Architectural Terms Abaciscus Abacus Abamurus Abat-Jour Abreavoir Abutment Aconstic tile Acanthus Aetiaiol Acropolis Ageing Adylum Acroteria Agraffe Agora Air brick Aisles Air circulation Aisles Alameda Albarium Alcove Allette Ambo Ambry Amphi-prostyle लघुफलका, कुट्टिम पाषाण फलका पुश्ता, वप्रक तिर्यक् गवाक्ष रद्दे की दराज पुश्ता ध्वनि सोख टायल एक पौधा जिसकी पत्तियों से कोरन्थियन स्तंभ शीर्ष बनता है त्रिकोण शीर्ष पट्ट शीर्ष दुर्ग स्थल काल प्रभावन, जीर्णन मंदिर का गुप्त कक्ष प्रस्तर खंड ग्राही कील, चाप शीर्ष मूर्ति खुला सभास्थल वातायनी ईंट पार्श्व विभाग वायु संचार चर्च का एक भाग निकुंज मार्ग गच, सुधा आला लघुखण्ड, द्वारशाखा चर्च का उन्नत भाग .. - पवित्र बर्तनों को रखने की आलमारी - पार्श्व भाग युक्त मंदिर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms Angevin Angle burin Angle measure Angle tower Animal figure Annexe Annulated column Annulated vault Ante-chamber Ante-cour Ante-fix Antependium Anticum Appentice Appe Apteral Acqueduct Arabesque Arabic Gum Arc Arcade Arcaded screen Arcature Araeostyle Arch Archaeological salvage Archealogical time Archealogist www.kobatirth.org आंजवे कोण लक्षणी गुनिया, कोणमापक कोण मीनार चालित आकृति उपभवन वलयित स्तंभावली वलयित गुंबद उपकक्ष, डयोढ़ी, मुखशाला प्रवेश पथ Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir शुक्रनास, अग्रालंकरण वेदी मुख अग्रद्वार मंडप द्वार बितान चर्च का गोलाकार भाग पार्श्व स्तंभविहीन मंदिर जल प्रणाल, कुल्या बेलबूटे का काम बबूल का गोंद चाप दायरा तोरणपथ, तोरण मंडप तोरणी पर्दा लघु तोरण पथ, छद्म तोरण पथ दोस्तंभों के बीच का 31/2 मीटर का भाग तोरण, मेहराब, चाप पुरातात्विक उद्धार पुरातत्वीय काल पुरातत्त्वज्ञ For Private and Personal Use Only 3 Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary Archaeology पुरातत्त्व Archaic record पुरातनिक अभिलेख Arch brick चाप इष्टका Architectonic __ - वास्तुकला सम्बन्धी Architectonics वास्तु विज्ञान Architectural decoration - वास्तु अलंकरण Architectural drawing- स्थापत्य आरेखण Architectural ornamentation - वास्तु कलात्मक अलंकरण Architecture वास्तुकला Architrave - पादांग, तोरण सज्जा Archivolt चापालंकरण, तोरणच्छादन Archlintel मेहराबी उत्तरांग, मेहराबी लिन्टल Archlintel bracket मेहराबी उत्तरांग टोडा Arch rib चाप शलाका Arch way तोरणपथ Arch Window मेहराबी खिड़की Arcuated architecture - तोरण वास्तु, बहुचापी वास्तु Arcnatum Armature ढांचा, पंजर Arris दो धरातल के संगल स्थल पर बना तीखा कोण. Astylar facade स्तंभहीन गृह मुख, स्तंभहीन सभा भवन Ashlar गढ़े हुए प्रस्तर Atelier शिल्पशाला Atlantes मानवाकृति स्तंभ Atrium प्रांगण, पुरतोभद्र Altic परछत्ती, अटारी, हर्म्य Altic base - अटारी स्तंभ पीठ, अटारी स्तंभाधार गारा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms Aurocle Autograph letters Avenue Axial passage ईसा मूर्ति के चारों ओर का प्रकाश चक्र स्वहस्त लिखित पत्र वीथि अक्षाकार मार्ग, अक्षीय मार्ग B Back band Back slab Bagwette Balconet Balconied turret Ballast Ballium Ballon framing Balnea बाह्य सज्जापट्टी पृष्ठ पट्ट लघुगोला पट्टी छोटा बारजा छज्जेदार बुर्जे, छज्जेदार कंगूरा रोड़ी पत्थर, गिट्टी गढील प्रांगण ऊर्ध्वगामी काष्ट फ्रेम सार्वजनिक स्नानागार मेखला, सोपानांतराल लघु स्तंभ, क्षुद्र स्तंभ सोपान मार्ग, लघु स्तंभ पंक्ति पट्टबंध उद्धृत पट्टिका, उभारदार पट्टिका पट्टी सजा - बुर्जी Baltens Baluster Balustrade staircase Band Course Banderole Banding Barbette Barbican Barefaced tenon Barrel Vault Bartizan Bar tracery Basal gravel Basement कोट बूंघट, प्राचीर एक मुखी चूल ढोलाकार कोष्ठ, अर्द्धगोल गुंबद कंगूरा शलाका जालांतरण आधारिक बजरी तहखाना, तलघर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary Bas-relief Bastion Bastille (Bastila) Batten door Bays Battlement Beaded pointing Bead moulding Beak head moulding - Beam Bed mould Belatage Bell arch निम्न उद्धृत बुर्ज, गरगज, बप्रबुर्जी गढ़ी पट्टीदार दरवाजा छत विभाग फसील, कंगूरा गोंठदार टीप मनका सज्जापट्टी चंचुमुंडक सज्जा पट्टी शहतीर, कड़ी अध:प्रक्षेप सज्जापट्टी मुख्यतल, मुख्य मंजिल घंटाचाप घंटाकार स्तूप घंटा बुर्ज एक मीनार घंटा बुर्ज घंटा अट्टालिका वारादरी वेदिकक्ष दबा हुआ भाग, आला वृत्ताकार अलंकरण वृत्ताकार अलंकरण द्विकोण बेलनखंड सज्जापट्टी Bell barron Bell cot Belfry Bell gabb Bell turret Belvedere Bema Benchnook Besant Bezant Bicone Billet Blinder's paste Bit Blazon Blazonary लेई नुकीला हथौड़ा, धार कुलचिन्ह कुलचिन्ह, कलात्मक चित्रण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms Bleeding of colour - रंग विसरण Blind storey - निर्गवाक्ष भवनतल Blocage (coarse masonary) - विषम चिनाई Blocking course शीर्ष चिनाई Bloom वातायन दण्ड Bloom base वातायन दंड आधार Bond चिनाई Bolster अवलंब, शहतीर Boroque अलंकरण अतिशयता Boss tool • नाभि यंत्र Boston lap - बोस्टन लैप Bottom panel निचला दिल्हा Bottom rail देहली पट्टी Bowl कटोरा, चषक Bowstring roof धनुा छत Bowtell उत्तल सज्जापट्टी Bow Window कमानदार खिड़की Bracket टोडा Bracket ornament टोडा अलंकरण Braticing जालीदार अलंकरण Break-Joints दर्जकाट चिनाई करना Breast भित्ति प्रक्षेप Breastsummer वीम, मठोठ Breast Work आवक्ष भित्ति Breezway झरोखा-अच्छादित वीथि Bretesse मोखेदार बुर्ज Brilliant cutting कांच अलंकरण Broach शिखर, छिद्रण Broken pediment खंडित त्रिकोण सज्जा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary पांडु Bronze tools कांसे के उपकरण Bubble level पनसाल Back-stay चिनाई स्तंभ, धूणी Buff Buffering agent अंतरोधी कारक Building art निर्माण कला Building block भवन खंडक, भवन इष्टका Building board तख्ता Built-up roofing बाह्यावरण Bulwark प्राचीर Bursting strength - प्रस्फोटरोधी सामर्थ्य Buttress Byzantine architecture - बाईजेन्टनी स्थापत्य (5वीं शती) पुश्ती Cabled fluting Calabaza Caldarium Camber Camber beam Candle beam Candle grease Canopy Cantoria Capital Caracole Carol Carriage Casement बलदार नालियाँ, रज्जुकार नालियाँ कलाबाजा हमामकक्ष (कड़ी का) उभार मेहराबदार शहतीर कुब्जचाप दीपाधार मोम मकबरे का आच्छादन गायन वीथि स्तंभ शीर्ष सर्पिल सोपान अध्ययन कक्ष सोपानाधार वलभि, वातायन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms Casement sash वातायन संधार Casement Window .. चौखटेवाली खिड़की Cashel - . केशल,चर्च चारदिवारी Castellated palace - गढ़ी सदृश प्रासाद Cast in situ स्थान पर ढला Catch अर्गला, बिल्ली Catch basin जलग्रह Catchment जलग्रह Cathedral glass धुंधला कांच Cat ladder खड़ी सीढ़ी Cat's head बिडाल शिर, बिलाव अलंकरण Cat walk प्राचीर, पगडंडी Cancaso Persian style - काकेशियाई पारसी वास्तु शैली Caulicoll स्तंभशीर्ष भाग Caulis कटंकी दंड (कोरथी स्तंभ) Cauterium चित्रोपकरण Cavaedium प्रांगण Cavea अर्द्धचन्द्र रंगमंडप Cavetto वृत खंडक सज्जा पट्टी Cavo relievo गहरा उद्भूत Ceil छतगेरी-अंतरछादन Ceiling छत, वितान, अंतरछद Cella गर्भगृह Cellar तलकक्ष Cellular काष्ठात्मक वास्तु Cellular brick कोशिकीय इष्टिका Cellulose acetate foil - सेलुलीज एसीटेड पन्नी Celure वितान अलंकरण Cement सीमेंट For Private and Personal Use Only Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 10 Technical Dictionary Centre piece मध्यालंकरण Cenotaph छतरी-खाली कब्र Chalcidium न्यायालय भवन Chalk खड़िया Chamfer कत्तल Chain rail मत्तवारण पट्टिका, क्षतिरोध पट्टिका Chalcidium न्यायालय भवन Chandry दीपघर Channel pipe अर्धप्रणाल Chase झिरी Checker शतरंगी अलंकरण Checker pattern शतरंजी नमूना Chequer work चौकोर पाषाण चिनाई Check throating जलरोधक नालिका Chemin-de-ronde प्राकार पथ Cheneau शिखर सज्जा Chequer motif शतरंजी नमूना Chevaux कांडवारिणी, संरक्षी शंकु Chevaron द्विरेखी सज्जा पट्टी Chevaron moulding - लहरिया सजा पट्टी China clay (Kaolin) चीनी मिट्टी Chip अपखण्ड Chip carving छीलना Chipped flint अपखण्डित चकमक Chipping अपखंडन Chisel छेनी, टांकी, तक्षणी Chute प्रवणिका Chymol चूल Cell (sill) - गवाक्ष देहली For Private and Personal Use Only Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 14 Cimborio Cimelium Circle Valley Circular window Circumferential street - Ciseau Cladding Clap board Cleaning bath Cleaning hinge Cleavage furrow Clench Clerestory Clerestory window - Clinch Clinometer Clip bond Clipped gabb Cloaca maxima Cloister garth Closure Cloud band Clowring Cluniae architecture . Coade stone Coaltar Coarse gravel Cob Cobblestone छत गवाक्ष रत्नकक्ष नरिया, गोलनाली गोल खिड़की चक्रित मार्ग, वृत्ताकार मार्ग छेनी परतचराना छज्जा शोध कुंडिका खुलता कब्जा विदरण रेख निकील उद्गत खंड अधिवातायन निकीलन प्रवणतामापी कटी चिनाई छिन्नान वलभि मुख्य मोरी वीथि प्रांगण प्राकारिका - छोटी दीवार मेघपट्टी अलंकरण पाषाणतक्षण, संगतराशी कलुनी स्थापत्य कोड प्रस्तर कोलतार, डामर बजरी गारा फर्शी पत्थर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1221 Coachleare Coke breeze Collar Collared roof Collar stone Colonial architecture Colonnade Colonnaded Columbelon Column Columnar order Columned inter-spaces Columniation Commesso Compartment ceiling Compass brick Compass roof Compo Composit Order Concave Concave scraper Concavity Concha Concrete mixer Conduit Conge Contoured plan Contrast Convex-sided - www.kobatirth.org स्तंभयुक्त जलद्रोणी स्तंभ गोल सीढीदार बुर्ज राख सीमेन्ट मसाला गोलाधार ड्रम कंठ छत ग्रेव प्रस्तर औपनिवेशिक स्थापत्य स्तंभावलि, स्तंभ श्रेणी स्तंभशैली स्तंभीय अंतराल स्तंभ रचना Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ज्यामितिक मोजेक चित्रकुट्टिम विभाजित बितान स्थानाकार ईंट अर्धवृत्त छ कांपी, चूने का मसाला सम्मिश्र स्तंभ शैल अवतल, नीचे का उल अवतल खुरचनी अवतलता अर्धगोल गुंबद कंक्रीट मेलक नाली, नलिका अवतल सज्जापट्टी परिरेखाचित्र विपर्यास, वैषम्य उत्तल किनारेवाला Technical Dictionary For Private and Personal Use Only Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms Coping Coping stone Copperas Corbel Corbel bracket Corbelled arch Corbelled brick work - Corbelled ceiling Corbic gabb Crow stepped gable. Cork tile Caro Carolitic Cornice Corona Corridor Corrugated Corsa Cortile Cosmalo work Cotloft (cockloft) Couche - Countess - Coupled column Coursed brick Courtyard Coussinet Cove Covering material उष्णीश, मुंडेर शिखर पत्थर कसीस टोडा मोरनी, टोडा टोडा मेहराब कदलिकाकृत चिनाई कदलिकायुक्त वितान सोपानयुक्त त्रिकोणिका काक वलभि कार्क टाइल गानकक्ष पत्रालंकृत निर्माण का शीर्ष भाग कपोलश्रृंग गैलेरी, गलियारा नालीदार माथा आंतरिक कोर्ट चित्रकुट्टिम शिल्प दुछती परत, स्तर काउन्टेस पट्टी युग स्तंभ स्तरित ईंट आंगन चापाधार पाषाण अवतल सज्जा पट्टी आवरण सामग्री For Private and Personal Use Only Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 14 Technical Dictionary Coving Cramp Crack Cradle roof Crenel Crenella Crepis Crescent blade Crescent base Cresting Crevice Cribble Criss-cross pattern Croft Crossbar Cross compartment Crosset Crossette Cross garnet Cross hatch Crossing Crosslet Cross staff Cross Vault Cross Window Crowde Crown Crowned member Crowning नालिका - प्रस्तर कील दरार, तरेड़ अर्धचन्द्र छत मोरण फसील पुश्ता अर्द्धचंद्र फलक चापीदार शीर्षालंकार - विदरिका, खांचा जालीदारी आड़ा तिरछा नमूना भूमिगृह तकिया, सूची - प्रतीप भवन टोडा टोडी, कमांचा कोनिया आड़ी जाली क्रूसांतराल लघुक्रूस गुनिया आडा गुम्बद आमने सामने की खिड़की भूमिगृह शिखर - चूड़ाभार्ग उत्तमांग For Private and Personal Use Only Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms Crowstep gable Crucks Crypt Cubicle Cuneus Cuniculus Cupola Curtail step Curvilinear Curvilinear gable Cyclopean Cyclostyle Cyna Dado Damascene Dais Dancette Daub Deadening (pugging) Deca style Designing tool Diagonal rib Diamicton Diathyra Die Die cutter Diffusing glass www.kobatirth.org सोपानयुक्त त्रिकोणिका अनगढ़ भूमिगृह, तहखाना लघुकक्ष दर्शक कक्ष भूमिगत नाली गुम्बद वलयित सोपान वक्ररेखी वक्ररेखी छज्जा Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir वृहत् पाषाण प्राचीर स्तंभवृत्त, स्तंभ मंडल दो विपरीत मोड वाली माउल्डिंग D पादपीठभाग धातु पच्चीकारी उन्नत पादपीठ पट्टी सज्जा प ध्वनि निरोधक दश स्तंभी भाग रूपांकन उपकरण विकर्ण शिरा, विकर्ण छतद्वार कच्ची पक्की चिनाई, अनगढ पाषाण चिनाई गलियारा, अंतराल ठप्पा, डाई, स्तंभपाद ठप्पा कटाई बिसारी कांच For Private and Personal Use Only 15 Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 16 Digging stick Dike Dipteral Direct Vision Distemper Distyle Divider Dog-legged staircase Dogtrot Dome Domed roof Domed shape Domed Vault Domestic architecture www.kobatirth.org Door buck Door check Door frame Door sill Door stop Dorian architecture Doric cyma Dormer Door jamb Dosseral Dosseret Double floor Double roof (purlin roof) Double spiral Dovetail - - - - · खनन यष्टि, खती, खननी जलवाहिका द्विपंक्तिबद्ध स्तंभ प्रत्यक्ष दृष्टिसूचक समारंजन द्विस्तंभीय विभाजक गुम्बद गुंबदीछत, कूट गुंबदाकार गुंबदी कोष्ठ खड़ी सीढ़ी, उर्ध्व सोपान आच्छादित पथ गृह स्थापत्य द्वार चौखटा Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir अडवाल चौखटा देहली Technical Dictionary द्वार गुटका डोरियन स्थापत्य डोरिक पद्म शयन कोष्ठ, शयनकक्ष वातायन द्वार स्तंभ वेदिपृष्ठ पट्ट स्तंभशीर्ष गुटका काष्ठ फर्श काष्ठ छत दोहरी सर्पिल अंतर्ग्रथन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 17 Architectural Terms Drip Drop Dovetail joint - डबचूल संधि Draftsmanship नक्शानवीसी Downward measurement - अधोमुखी माप Drawbar अर्गला Drawing - आरेखन च्यवन, चुआव ठोकर Drop arch लटकन चाप Drove कुंठित छैनी Druids' altar (dolmen) - डोलमेन, महापाषाण तुंब Drum गोलाधार, स्तूप अंड Dubbing out - स्थूल पलस्तर Duchesse डचेस पट्टी Dummy - नकली Dummy portal - नकली द्वार Eaves छज्जा Eccelesiology गिर्जा निर्माण शिल्प Echinus फलकाधार Eclectic-architecture संकलन स्थापत्य Eephora - स्तंभ उभार Edge roll कोरगोला Edifice भवन Egyptian-architecture .. मिश्री स्थापत्य Egg and anchor molding - अंडलांगल सज्जापट्टी Elaeothesium सज्जा कक्ष, प्रसाधन कक्ष Elgin marble ऐलगिन संगमरमर Embankment तटबंध For Private and Personal Use Only Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 18 Technical Dictionary Embellishment Emboss Endowment Empress Encarpa Engaged column Engagement English bond English roofing tile Engobe Engrail Entasis Entablature Entersol Entrance arch Entrance room Epi Episation Epistle side Epitithedes Equilateral arch Erisma Espagnolette Espalier Estibite Estrade Estufa Etage Elagere समालंकरण समुद्भुत चापीकरण एम्प्रेस पट्टी पुष्पफल तोरण संसिक्त स्तंभ आंबध अंग्रेजी चिनाई रूपरेल अधोलेप कटोरेदार बनाना, संतुलित बनाना - स्तंभ की उभार रेखा स्तंभों पर बना भवन शीर्ष भाग परछत्ती प्रवेश चाप प्रवेश कक्ष शिखांत स्तंभोपरिरचना गिरजा की वेदी का दक्षिणी भाग स्तंभशीर्ष सज्जा समबाहु तोरण पुश्ता अर्गालिका - लताजाल, झंझरी शुंद्रिका स्तंभ चबूतरा, मंच, चत्वर श्रम भवन, सभा भवन तल मंजिल - खुली अलमारी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 19 Earhythm Extrados Eye Extrados वास्तु सामंजस्य बहिश्चाप मोखा, झरोखा, गवाक्ष - चाप का बाहरी मोड़ Facade मुख, रूख, गुहार Face brick मुखेष्टिका Face urn मुख कलश False work कच्चा काम Fan light पंखाकार खिड़की Fast colour पक्का रंग Feather-edged boarding - शुंडाकार पट्ट . Felling tool पीतन उपकरण Ferro-concrete प्रबलित कंकरीट Ferruginous gravel लौहमय बजरी Ferrule लोहे का छल्ला Field tile खपरैल मोरी File रेती Finial शीर्ष, स्तूपिका Finishing परिष्करण Finishing touch अंतिम परिष्करण Fire back अग्निपृष्ठ भित्ति Fixed arch नियत चाप Fixing block Flagged courtyard प्रस्तरित प्रांगण Flagging - प्रस्तर मार्ग निर्माण Flamboyant ज्वालाजाली Flame-shaped battlement - अग्नि शिखाकृति प्राकार गुटका For Private and Personal Use Only Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 20 Technical Dictionary Flank wall Flanning Flaring side Flashing Flat arch Flat base Flat bed Flatness Flat pointing Flat rock floor Flat surface Flatten Flat topped tumulous Fleche Flemish bond Flewron Flight Float Floor-arch Floral design Floral medalion Floral spray Flue Flush pointing Fluting Flying buttress Flying arch Flying shelf - पार्श्वभित्ति - पताम फैले पार्श्व भरत सपाट चाप चपटा तला समतल पट्ट समतलता भरवा टीप सपाट शिला तल चपटी सतह समतलन चपटे शिर वाला स्तूप पतली मीनार फ्लेमी चिनाई पुष्पालंकरण सीधाजीना थापी फर्श चाप फूलकारी फुल्ला पुष्प प्रकीर्णन ●आकश - सतही टीप स्तंभ के भाग पर खड़ी धाराएं अर्द्धचाप वप्र तिर्यक चाप प्रक्षेपित आला For Private and Personal Use Only Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 21 Foot block (plinth block) . पादांग मूलखंड Foot hold पांव रखने का स्थान Foot pace पादपट्टी Foot stand पादाधार Fore arm अग्र बाहु Fore court अग्र प्रांगण Fort किला Foundation level आधार तल Foundation storey आधार तल Four-centred arch - चतुकेन्द्रित चाप Foyar अग्रदीर्घा Franked joint अंतर्ग्रथित संधि Free standing column स्थानक स्तंभ French Joint फ्रेंच जोड़ French window द्वार खिड़की Fresco. भित्ति चित्र Fret जाली Fretted border कटावदार हासिया Frigidarium शीतस्नान घर Frill झालर Frontispiece द्वारमुख सज्जा Full bastion पूर्ण गरगज Furring दीवार पर अस्तर लगाना Fusarole फलकाधार सज्जा Furrow खांचा Fust स्तंभ दंडिका For Private and Personal Use Only Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 22 Technical Dictionary घूरा Gabled house त्रिकोणिका गृह Gabled porch नासिका Gabled roof त्रिकोणी छत Gablet लघु त्रिकोणिका Gadroon कमरख Galleting दर्ज भराई Gambrel roof वलभि छत Garbage dump Gargoyle - व्यालमुख प्रणाल Garnet तामड़ा Garth आंगन Gauge प्रमापी Gauge arch प्रमापी चाप Gazebo सावन भादो, धारागृह Geometrical art ज्यामितिक कला Girandole झाड़ फानूस Goneometer कोणमापी, गुनिया Gospel side वाम भाग Grating जंगला, झंझरी Graver उत्कीर्णक Greek order यूनानी स्तंभ शैली Gritti core कंकरीला कोड़ Grooved and tunged joint - झिरी और जीभी जोड़ Grounds आधारभाग Ground storey - तलभूमि Grouped column कुलक स्तंभ Grout - पतली गच For Private and Personal Use Only Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms Gudgeon Gula Gulley Gulty Gutter board Gymmer Hagioscope Half bastion Half bat Half domed Half pace Half plate Half round Hammer beam Hammer beam roof Hammer dressing Hammering technique Hammer-stone Hance Handaxe Handaxe cleaver Hand brick Hand hold Handle Hangings Hanging stile Hanging tile www.kobatirth.org - - गजन, चूल पट्ट सज्जा अवनालिका अवनालिका ओलती पट्ट कीलित चूल कब्जा H तिर्यणदर्श, झरोखा अर्द्धबुर्जी अद्धा अर्द्धगंबित चौकी Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir अर्द्धपट्टिका अर्द्धवृत्त पदाल पट्टदारूवितान स्थूलतक्षण आहनन प्रविधि घन, हथौड़ा अर्द्धचाप अंडाकार हस्तकुठार विदारक हस्तकुठार हाथ की बनी ईंट हत्था दस्ता पर्दा आलंब पट्टी खड़ा टायल For Private and Personal Use Only 233 Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary - - Haniwa Hard core Hard packed floor Harelip arch Hare Hatch Hatchway Hatstone Haunch Header Hearth stone Heater Healed cairn Heliocuminus Helm roof Hem Heptastyle Herma Heroic order Hersa Hinge style Hinging plate Hip hook Hip knob Hipped roof Hip rodd Hip tile Hit and miss मृद् बेलन रोड़ी कुट्टिम फर्श नौलताकार चाप ढलाई विपाटद्वार विपाट मार्ग टोपीकल स्तंभ मध्य, चाप मध्य सेरू अग्निनिरोधी पत्थर तापक एकीनुमा संगोरा रश्मिकक्ष चौमुखी छत उत्प्रोत, उठी कोर सप्तस्तंभी आवक्ष स्तंभ सम्मिश्रित स्तंभ उपद्वार पक्खा संधि पट्ट श्रेणि अंकुश शिखान्त कलशी श्रोणीय छत अर्द्धबेलनाकार पृष्ठ श्रोणी खर्पर . छिद्रित वातायन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 25 Hogging Holder bat Hollow boring Honeycomb wall Honey suckle Hood mould Hopper head Hopper light Hornacina Horseshoe arch Horseshoe shape Housed joint House style बजरी कुंडा, आंकडा छल्लावेधन छिद्रालंकृत भित्ति, जालीदार दीवाल मधुमालती लता चाप छत्र धारा धाव अंतर्वातायन कोण आला नालाकार चाप - नालामृर्ति - गर्तिका संधि - गृहनिर्माण शैली . I Impost चाप आधार Impregnation - अन्तर्वेशन Incised drawing उत्कीर्ण आरेखन Incised meander उत्कर्तित विसर्प Incision उत्कर्तन Instantaneous exposure - तात्मालिक उद्भासन Inter-columniation स्तंभांतराल, स्तंभांतर Inter domb - अंतर्गुबद Interlaced arch अंतग्रथितचाप Intermediate ribs मध्यवर्ती शलाकाएं Intertriglyph - अंतः ट्राइग्लिफ Inverted rim - अंतर्नत अंवक For Private and Personal Use Only Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary Jack Jack rafter Jet d'eau Jamb - उत्तोलक - ओलती कड़ी फव्वारा - द्वार पार्श्व Keene's cement Kerb Key Kosmeterion Key stone - द्विदग्ध सीमेंट - कोर पत्थर चाप बंध - परिधान कक्ष - चापबंध प्रस्तर Label stop Labrum Lactern Laconicum Laminated planking Laminating Lagging Lancet arch Landing Lane - ग्रंथि अलंकरण पाषाण वाष्प स्नानागार पाठपटल, पाठमंच वाष्प स्नानागार - पटलीकरण - पटलीकरण - ढूले की भरत नोकदार मेहराब चौकी गली पल्ला , परत जाल गवाक्ष परत स्तर पपड़ी एक ढ़ाल छत Lap Latticed window Layer Layer cake Lean to roof For Private and Personal Use Only Page #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 27 Ledged and braced door - बटनदार दरवाजा Left handed door वामरूख दरवाजा Lanticuler section मसूराकार काट Lesene कबंध स्तंभ Level tag स्तरबंधनी Lich agate आच्छादित द्वार Lierne कमानी Linear रेखीय चित्र Linenfold panelling दस्ता कुंडल फलक Lintel slab सिरदल पट्टा Lisena - कुड्यस्तंभ Listel - रज्जुपट्टी Lobe - चापालंकरण Lacutorium अतिथि कक्ष Long and short work लघु दीर्घ पाषाण चिनाई Loop चाप Loose soil अदृढ़मृदा Lower register - तलपट्टिका Lozenge pattern हीराकृति Lunate - नवचंद्राकार Lying panel - लहरिया दिल्ला For Private and Personal Use Only Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 28 Technical Dictionary M Machicolation किले के द्वार पर बने छिद्र Margent - प्रांत पट्टी Margin - प्रांत पट्टी Mason's mitre सज्जापट्टी जोड़ Mat sinking पांवपोल दराज Meeting rails संयोजक पट्टिकाएं Memorial arch स्मारक तोरण Melop मध्यान्तराल Mezzanine परछत्ती Mezzo-relivo - मध्य उद्धृत Middle rail - मध्य पट्टिका Mimber मिबर Miniature shrine देवकुलिका, देवली Mitre गुनिया Modillion अलंकृत टोडा Monk bond मोंक चिनाई Monotriglyph एकेत्रिनालीयुक्त Montant मध्यशाखा Monumental architecture - स्मारक वास्तु Monumental gateway तोरण Mortice - चूल, खांच Mud brick - कच्ची ईंट For Private and Personal Use Only Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms Nail-beaded National architecture Net-pattern Niche Niggling Non-descript Oast house Obelisk Oblique-edged Observation dome Octagonal pavilion Octa style Oculus Offset Ogee arch Ogivate Oillette Optostrotum Opus Alexandrinum Oriel window Order Orthostates Outwork Overdoor Overlapping course Overs www.kobatirth.org - - - N Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir नखमालांकित राष्ट्रीय वास्तु जालीदार नमूना आला अति सूक्ष्म काम अवर्गीकृत भट्टीगृह सूची स्तंभ तिर्यक धारवाला प्रेक्षण गुम्बज अष्टाग्र मंडप अष्टस्तंभी वृत्ताकार मोखा, गवाक्ष खसका नुकीला चाप नुकीलाचाप स्थापत्य लघु छिद्र ईंट का फर्श पाषाण फर्श बहिर्गत खिड़की स्तंभ निचला रद्दा बहदुर्ग द्वारशीर्ष अतिछादी छज्जा अतिरिक्त छाप For Private and Personal Use Only 29 Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 30 Technical Dictionary Oversail Ovlet Ovolo Owning agency प्रक्षेप कदा - मोखा गोला - स्वामी अभिकरण - पट्टिका - पंखाकार छत . कांचपट्ट Pallet Palm vaulting Pane Panelled Paper press Pepyrus column Paradisus Parapet Pastel Patch work Patinated Patio Paved floor Pavementum Pedestal Pediment Peel Peggy Pententive Pent house Peripheri Peripteral Peristyle - फलंकित, दिल्हेदार - पत्र पट्टिका - पेपाइरस स्तंभ प्राच्छादित प्रांगण मुंडेर, प्राकार रंगीन खड़िया पैबंदकारी हरिमायुक्त आंगन कुट्टिम फर्श - पथरोडी कुटाई पीठिका दीवाल का त्रिकोणीय शीर्ष भाग बुर्जी दुर्ग - लघु खपरेल चापांतर त्रिभुज ड्योढ़ी परिधि स्तंभ परिवेक्रित - मंदिर के चारों ओखे स्तंभ For Private and Personal Use Only Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms Pew Peedroit Pier Pietra dura work Pilaster Pile Pile driver Pile dwelling Pillar kiosk Pillar tap Pinacotheca Pitch Pitched roof Pitching piece Planceer Plano convex brick Planted moulding Plasteresque Plate tracery Plinth Plot Ploughed Plumb line Podium Point Pointed arch Pointing Pole www.kobatirth.org - - - - पीठिका प्रच्छन स्तंभ 1 चापाधार पच्चीकारी अर्द्धस्तंभ भूस्तंभ भूस्तंभयंत्र बल्ली सस्तंभछतरी पात्र टोंटी चित्र वीथि साहुल सूत्र पादपीठ शिखर छत - ढाल ढलवांछत सोपानशीर्षधरणी सोपानाधार समतल उत्तल ईंट जटिल सज्जापट्टी, आरोपित सज्जापट्टी रजताभ (कर्म) पट्टजाली कुरसी, पादांग भूखंड खांचायुक्त नुकीली मेहराब टीप स्तंभ Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only 31 Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 32 Technical Dictionary Poling board Popoura Poppy head Portcullis Port-hole Port hole stone Porthyride (ancon) Portico Postern Postern gate Post-hole Postiche Postico Posticum Precast concrete Pressed brick Pre-tenioning Pricking up Project Propylon Protecting coating Prostyle Prothesis Pseudodipteral Pleroma Pugging - (deadening) Pulvinated frieze Purfling रोक तख्ता चपटा टीला अलंकृत शिखरांत जंगला प्राकार छिद्र गवाक्ष प्रस्तर कमाका, टोडा द्वार मंडप - पार्श्वद्वार, अधोमार्ग पिछला द्वार स्तंभगर्त असगत सज्जा पिछला मंडप पिछला द्वार पूर्व निर्मित कंकरीट - यंत्र दाबित ईंट भराई-पूर्व . छत लेखन, छताई प्रक्षेप सिंह द्वार, मुख्य द्वार संरक्षी विलेपन खुला दालान पूजा कक्ष कूट द्विस्तंभावलीयुक्त प्रदक्षिणाख - ध्वनिशामक • उत्तलवल्लवी - कशीदाकारी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 33 कडी Purlin Purlin roof (double roof) - धरणिकायुक्त छत Putlog अड़वार Pyramidal gateway tower - गोपुर Pyramidal roof. पिरामिड छत Pylon . गोपुर Quad Quadrepartele Quartz Queen closer Queen post Quoin - चतुःशाला - चतुःपक्षीय बिल्लौर, स्फटिक उद्धा ईंट युग्म स्तंभ - कोनिया Rabeschi Radiating voussoir Radial distance Radiating arch Radius Rafter Rag bolt Railing pillar Rainwater head Raking Ramp Random ashlar Random masonary ऐरेवस्क कमरखी चाप फनी अरीय दूरी त्रिज्याकार मेहराब बहिपुरोष्टिका कड़ी आसंजक वोल्ट वेदिका स्तंभ नलटोपी - उखाड़ना रपटा विषम अनगढ पाषाण अनगढ चिनाई For Private and Personal Use Only Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 34 Technical Dictionary पट्टी लेपन Random sampling behnique - यादृच्छिक प्रतिचयन प्रविधि Radius - बहिर्पकोष्ठिका Rear arch . पश्चचाप Rear corner पिछला कोना Recessed arch निमज्जित चाप Recessed circumference - निमसित परिधि Rectangular tomb 'आयताकार मकबरा Rectilinear ऋजुरेखीय Red sand stone - लाल बलुआ पत्थर Regula Rein ring - रात कड़ी Reisner work रंगीन काष्ठ पच्चीकारी Renaissance architecture - पुनर्जागरणकालीन स्थापत्य Rendering Repertory भंडार . Repointing दुबारा टीप करना Respond अर्द्ध स्तंभ, भित्ति स्तंभ Ressaunt (ogee molding) - सर्पिल सज्जा Retaining wall पुश्ता Reticulated जालीदार Return wall प्रतिवृत्त भित्ति Revetment पुश्ता दीवारी Rib सीलिंग बंध Ridge rib - कमरखी छत शलाका Ring band - वलयाकार पट्टिकाएं Ring building गोल निर्माण Recoco अलंकरण अतिशयता Roman architecture रोमन स्थापत्य For Private and Personal Use Only Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 35 Roof light छत मोखा Roman order रोमन स्तंभ शैली. Roofing tile खपरैल Rough arch ईंटी मेहराब Rough cast रूक्ष लेप Router रंदा. Rubber - नरम ईंट Rubble core रोडी, क्रोड Rubble work कंकर चिनाई Rustication खुरदरी चिनाई Rusticated masonary _ . जालीदार चिनाई S Saddle stone (apex stone) - शीर्ष प्रस्तर Sailining coarse प्रक्षेप रद्दा Sagilla बंधन पत्थर Salient angle बहिर्गत कोण Salutatorium अभिवादन स्थली Sanctum sanctorum - गर्भ गृह Sand-lime brick रेत चूने की ईंटे Sarcenie architecture - इस्लामी वास्तु Sarking छद आस्तरण Sash संधार, चौखटा Scabellum - उच्चपीठ, ऊँची चौकी Scaffold - पाड़, मचान Scale stick माप यष्टि Scalloped capital - नखाकार स्तंभशीर्ष Scalpturatum . . रंगीन उत्खचित संगमरमर Scarfing - समानकाट संधि For Private and Personal Use Only Page #45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 36 Technical Dictionary Screen wall technique - पड़दी प्रविधि Screen of arches मकसूरा, चापपट Scribing संयोजक सज्जा Scroll पत्रावली Scroll moulding धुंडीयुक्त सज्जापट्टी Scroll work पत्रावली बेलबूटा Scutheon कुलोंकित ढ़ाल Secret nailing गुप्त कील लगाना Sedimentation tank अवसाद हौज Sekos - गर्भगृह Semidome arch लाजदार मेहराब Seriation पंक्तिबंधन Service duct प्रमुख नाली Shaft स्तंभ मध्यभाग, लघुस्तंभ Shaft ring स्तंभ वलय Shale मृदा पत्थर Shank स्तंभ दंड Shoring धूनी बांधना Shouldered tenon jointShutter किवाड़ Side post पार्श्व स्तंभ Single floor जोड़ रहित फर्श Single lap tile इकहरी खपरैल Single span vault एक चाप गुंबद Sinister side - वाम पार्श्व Sky line व्योमरेखा Slant stroke आड़ी रेखा Sleeper शहतीर Sleeping platform - शयन मंच For Private and Personal Use Only Page #46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 37 Slittered arch Sloping ramp Snapped header Snecked rubble Socle Sobbit - अत्यलंकृत चाप . - ढालू रपटा सेरू अद्धा रोड़ी भराई पादपीठ, पाषाणपीठ सीलिंग - पार्श्व कक्ष घनबंधन Solar कर्ण धरणी - Solid boring Solidus Solive Solum Spandrel (spandril) Spandril step Spanish order Speous Spiked postern Spire Spiral meander Splay Spliced joint Splinter Springer Springing line Spur stone Squat pot Stack Staff bead Stand गृहक्षेत्र चाप सक्रीति त्रिकोण सोपानपद स्पेनिश स्तंभ शैल मंदिर कीलयुक्त पिछलाद्वार शीर्ष भाग सर्पिल गौमूत्रिका पताम समबंधक संधि खपची तोरण अत्याधार उठान रेखा ठोकर पत्थर ठिराना मोड ढेर लगाना संधि मनका पट्टी आधार For Private and Personal Use Only Page #47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 38 Technical Dictionary - ढलवां क्षुरक आरोही प्राचीर शीर्ष भाग युक्त मीनार बाड़ा खरी ईंट प्रस्तरतक्षण दर्ज भराई लड़ी Steep-scaraper Stepped battlement Steeple Stockade Stock brick Stone dressing Stopping Strand Stratum Stratum centricity Stretcher bond Striking plate String String-course String course Strix Strut Stucco Stuck moulding Stud Stud work Substructure Summer Sunk arch Sank relief Super capital Super column Surbase - स्तर स्तर केन्द्रीयता लंबक चिनाई अर्गला पट्टी सोपान संधार अलंकरण का प्रकार भवन पट्टी स्तंभालंकरण नक्काशी टेक, थाम गच, गचकारी घुटी सज्जा पट्टी गुलमेख, फूलदार कील कुंदन का काम आधार मुख्य शहतीर निमज्जित चाप गहरा उद्धृत स्तंभाधिशीर्ष सज्जित उत्तरांग पादपीठ सज्जा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 39 Surface ornamentation Swag curtain Swept valley Symmetrical fret Tabernacle Table tomb Taper Tapering gutter Tapering turret Tectonics Telamon Tapidarium Teram Terrace Thalamus Thatch Theatre Tholobate Thamb tack Tie beam Tierce point Tieroeon Tile work Tiling Tilling fillet Timber connector Timber-laced - पृष्ठालंकरण तोरण झालर गोलनाली - समनित झलक T अस्थायी मंडप - पटल समाधि शुंडाकार - शुंडाकार नाली शुंडाकार कंगूरा निर्माण विज्ञान नराकृति स्तंभ मध्य स्नानकक्ष सोपानपत्रावलि वेदिका, चबूतरा, छत अंत:कक्ष, अंत:पुर छप्पर रंगशाला गोलाधार कील बंधन-छन्नी नुकीला चाप - बंधन शलाका खपरैल कर्म टायल लगाना - झोकपट्टी - काष्ठ संयोगी - दारूवेष्ठित For Private and Personal Use Only Page #49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 40 Technical Dictionary Tin glaze Tingle Tinted wood Torching Trabeate Trabeation Transenna Transpet Transpied gallery Transverse Transverse hall Travelog film Treillage Trellis Trellis work Trimming Triple curve Triple floor Triple gateway Triple opening Trochilus (scotia) Towel Truss Tuscan order टीन कांचन सीसे की छत आरंजित काष्ठ संधि भराई धरणिक धरणिछादन जालीदार जंगला क्रसाकार भुजा अनुप्रस्थ दीर्घिका अनुप्रस्थ कक्ष आडा मंडप यात्राचित्र कठहरा, काष्ठजालक जाफरी बेलबूंटे का काम, जालकर्म समकर्तन त्रिभंग - त्रिगठित (काष्ठ) फर्श त्रिद्धार त्रिपोलिया अवतल सज्जा करणी केंची, छततिकोण टस्का स्तंभ, अनलंकृत स्तंभ For Private and Personal Use Only Page #50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 41 Uncoursed work Under cut Under pinning Univallate fort Uppercraft Upright member - विषम चिनाई तलोछिन्न नींव पुश्ता, नींव में पुश्ता लगाना - एक प्राचीर दुर्ग तिबारा, त्रिदरी .. सीधा भाग Valley Valley board Valley tile Vault Vaulting shaft Velarium Verge Vestibule Voussoirs - दरी, घाटी - छत, तख्ता अवतल टाइल मेहराबी छत छत दंड रंगमंच बितान बलभिछद प्रवेश कक्ष - चाप निर्माणकर्ता प्रस्तर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary W Wagon-head-ceiling Wagon-roof Wagan vault Weather boarding Weather tiling Wetrot Wet smoothening Wet sponge Window frame Wing wall Wired glass Working draning Working platform Xyst Zoophorus - शकटाकार बितान (सीलिंग) शकटाकार बितान अर्द्धगोल चापबितान अतिछादन पट्ट खड़ी खपरैल लगाना काष्ठगलन आर्द्र समतलन आर्द्र स्पंज - गवाक्ष चौखट पक्ष भित्ति तारयुक्त कांच कार्यकारी आरेखण क्रिया मंच आच्छादित मंडप (यूनानी मंडप) एक चित्र जिस पर पशुओं के स्मृति चिन्ह अंकित हों For Private and Personal Use Only Page #52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 43 Temple Architectural Terms (according to Hindi alphabatic order) अंधरी Dwarf pillar Cupola Vestibule Inner wall Second Inner Court Door in south-east Palace Foundation Super structure Platform Horizontal Ante-chamber Coronation hall Amman shrine Half moon Half pavilion Vestibule Apsidal Pilaster Boes Balcony Terrace Pendant Figures of horses Stellate Cell Granite stone अंड अंतराल अंत:शाला अंत:हार अनिद्वार अट्टालिका - अधि अधिरचना अधिष्ठान - अनुप्रस्थ अनुशाला अभिषेक मंडप अम्मन देवालय अर्द्ध चन्द्र - अर्द्ध मंडप - अर्द्ध मंडप - अर्द्धवृत्ताकार अर्द्धस्तंभ - अलंकृत प्रक्षेपण - अलिंदक अलिंदक अवलंबन अश्वधर अष्टभद्र आगार - आग्नेय प्रस्तर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 44 Technical Dictionary आच्छादन आधार आधार आमलक आयतन आयताकार आर्यक आलय आवृत आसन इदिगाई इष्टक Canopy Basement Plinth Melon-shaped stone Enclosure Oblong Worshipful Temple Enclosure Throne Dravidian capital Brick Engraving Entablalure Torus moulding Upper pedastal Sub-temple Fillet Rectangular moulding Half shikhara Ground floor Monolithick Fillet Sloping seat Cornice Vase - उकेरी उत्तीर उद्वर्ती ढलाई उपपीठ उपभवन उपान उपान उरूश्रृंग एकताल एकाश्मक कंपा कक्षासन, पीठासन कपोत कलश Art कला Artist Hall of marriage - कलाकार - कल्याण मंडप For Private and Personal Use Only Page #54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 45 - कुडु - कोट्टर - कोष्ठ Recess between bracket and cornice - कांति Grotesque mask कीर्तिमुख Monumental pillar कीर्ति स्तंभ Nail - कील Window - कुंजराक्ष (खिड़की) Pool कुंड Vase कुंभ Small pillar कुंभ स्तंभ Foliated arch Temple granary Angle कोण Pilaster on the angle - केणक युग Bracket कोणिया Cella Closed-hall कोष्ठशाला Chases खांचा Semi-divine figure गंधर्व Figure of elephants - गजधर Truss Sanctum - गर्भगृह Foundation - गर्भन्यास Vault गर्भ मंजूषा Lattice window - जालीदार खिड़की Mortar - गारा चूना Vestibule - गूढ़ मंडप Facade - गृहमुख Plan of a house - गृह विन्यास Recess - गोखला Monumental gateway of Dravidian temple - गोपुरम् . गट्ठा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 46 Neck of a building Companiform Vase Vase and foliage Moon-stone Circular moulding An ornamental band Frieze Buddhist assembly hall A dome supported by pillars Quadrangal, square Door jamb Outer pillared hall Eaves Plinth Railed parapet Assembly hall Tower of victory Cloister Latticed window Stereobate Moulding Carving Recess Stellate Trefoil www.kobatirth.org Transpet Third storey Recess - - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary ग्रीवा घंटाकृति घट घट पल्लव चन्द्रशिला चक्राकार ढ़लाई चित्रपट चित्रवल्लरी चैत्य चैत्यगृह चौकोर चौखट चौलात्री छज्जा जंघा जगती जगमोहन जय स्तंभ जरदोजी जालक ठोस चबूतरा ढलाई तक्षण For Private and Personal Use Only ताख ताराकृति त्रिफुलिया तिर्यक त्रिताल दीपमाला Page #56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 47 - धरण नरथर पंजर Fort दुर्ग Beam Free pillars ध्वज स्तंभ Portico over the full figure नंदी मंडप Concave - नतोदर Figure of human beings Site plan निष्कल Varendah (portico) - निष्कास Side porch portico altic पंचरम् Five shrine temple - पंचायतन Rib Antablature - परस्तर Aisle पार्श्व मार्ग Projecting bracket - पुष्प बंध Torus - पुष्पासन Buttress प्रक्षेपण Circumbulatory path प्रदक्षिणापथ Pier प्रस्तर स्तंभ Front hall बलिमंडप Neck of a temple Capital of a column बोधिक Portico - भद्र Storey - भूमिक Space between two adjunct floors - भूमिका Ambulatory भ्रम Central portion - मंडोवर Lintel - मसूरक Great hall of entrance - महामंडप Front side of a building or facade - मुख Front hall - मुख मंडप बेकी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 48 Nave Parapet Anthropomorphic form Terrace Band Sixteen sided pillar Fluted design www.kobatirth.org Curvilinear portion of a spire Towered sanctuary - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - Technical Dictionary मुख्य कक्ष मुंडेर मानवाकृति मेधि Bent, curved Pilaster Rampart A class of demi-gods Monastery Cloister Railing A style of Indian temple architecture - वेसर Gryphone शार्दूल Finial शिखान्त शिल्पी रक्तपट रूद्रकंद लंबीधारी रेखा रेखादेवल वज्र वज्रलेप वप्र विद्याधर विहार विहार वेदिका Architect Arched roof Pageant Meeting hall Structure with seven pilasters on the facade - सक्षरथ देवल Vestibule in chalukyan temple Chief architect Schist stone Aslytar Cruciform Flat roof of stupa शवकक्ष शोभायात्रा संथागार For Private and Personal Use Only सुखानी स्थपति स्लेटी प्रस्तर स्तंभरहित मुखभाग स्वस्तिकार हरमिका Page #58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms (A) General Architectural Terms (with meaning in English in English alphabatic order) Abacus, phalaka or palagal, a square or rectangular table forming the crowning member of a capital. Acanthus, a genus of plants, used conventionally in Greek art. Achchaday, lit. envelope, the outer stone facing of a stupa. Acroteria, a figure or ornament placed on the apex or at the lower angles of a pediment. Addorsed, back to back. Adytum, inner and most sacred chamber. Aisle, lateral divisions running at the sides of the nave. Alcove, vaulted recess in wall. Alinda, verandah. Amalaka, amalasila or amalasari, flat fluted melon-shaped member usually at the summit of the Indo-Aryan type of sikhara or spire. Ambulatory, pradakshina patha or processional path. Amman, shrine or pavilion attached to temples of southern India for ceremonial reception of the amman or goddess. Amphitheatre, oval or circular building, with seats rising above and behind one another round a central open space. Anardha-paga, projected surface adjacent to the surface at the angle of a building. Anda, literally "egg," spherical portion of the stupa. Anghri, dwarf-pillar. Antae, pilasters terminating the side walls of a classic building. Antarala, vestibule, chamber in front of shrine or cella. Antechamber, chamber or small hall in front of a larger hall, vestibule. Apse, Apsidal, the circular termination of a building; first applied to a Roman basilica. Arabesque, decoration with fanciful intertwining of ornamental elements. Arbour, a structural retreat, often of lattice-work in a garden. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 50 Technical Dictionary Arcade, range of arches supported on piers or columns. Architrave, the beam or lowest division of the entablature which extends from column to column. Arcuate, arched. Ardha-Chandra, semicircular doorstep before a shrine door. Ardha Mandapam, compartment in front of main hall of temple. Aruna-Stambha, a pillar dedicated to Aruna who personifies the dawn, or the Sun. Arris, corner or angle ; sharp edge formed by the meeting of two surfaces. Aryaka, worshipful columns ; row of five pillars symbolizing the Five Dhiyana Buddhas. Asana, a seat or throne. Ashlar, squared stonework in regular courses, in contradistinction to rubble work. Ashta-bhadra, eight faced or sided ; star-shaped. Ashta-dikpala, the eight regents or guardians of the four cardinal and four intermediate points of the compass; ceiling, divided into nine panels, in the central one is Brahma, while surrounding eight contain images of the eight regents of the compass Favourate ceiling design in later Chalukyan temples. Astragal kumuda, small moulding round top or bottom of columns; torus. Asylar, without columns. Asvathara, the "horse moulding" in the basement of a temple. Athisthana, base. Atlantes, kichaka bracket, sculptured human figures used in place of columns or pilasters. Atrium, court open to the sky in the centre (Roman). Attic, the upper story of a building above the main cornice : of Athens or Attica. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 51 Bada, cubical portion of a temple up to the roor or spire. Balcony, outside balustraded platform. Bali-mandapa, front hall (Chalukyan). Baluster, balustrade, a small pillar or column supporting a handrail. Bamli, court or courtyard. Bandhana, a division or group of mouldings in the wall surface. Baoli or Way, step-well of Gujarat and western India. Baradari, lit. "twelve pillared," a pillared portico or pavilion, columned building. Bharajhanji, carving on the doorway of a temple (Orissa). Barandi, a division within the bada or cubical portion of the temple. Barge-board, projecting roof to a gable. Baroque, fantastic, grotesque, a style common in Europe in the first hfla of the 18th cent. Barrel-vault, cylindrical form of roof or ceiling.Basalt, dark green or brown igneous rock. Basana, a division or element in the wall surface. Base, kumbli, athisthana, lower portion of any structure or feature. Basilica, applied to a large hall for the administration of justice. Bas-relief, carving of low projection. Basti, temple, (Kanarese districts.) Bastion, projecting part of a fortification. Batter, slope, rake. Battlements, indented parapet, kanjur. Bay, a division or compartment; between pillars, a chauki, Bazaar, market. Bead and Fillet, small cylindrical moulding resembling a string of beads. Beam, lintel, long piece of stone or wood supported at both ends. Bedi, hall for reading the beds or vedas. Begun, egg plant, hence the Begunia group of temples in Bengal as they are presumed to resemble this fruit. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 52 www.kobatirth.org Beki, the cylindrical stone below the amla in the finial of a building. Berm, ledge, or narrow open passage. Bhadra, flat face or facet of the sikhara (tower). Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Bhamli, cells in the inner face of the containing wall of a temple. Bhoga-mandapa, the refectory hall of a temple (Orissa). Bhrama (Guj.) Circumambulatory passage (pradakshina patha). Bhumika, story, stage. Boast, boasting, stone projection left for purpose of carving Bodhika, capital of a column. Bodigai, pushpabodhica, projecting bracket or corbel of a Dravidian capital. Boss, ornament projecting in form of a large knob. Bracket, projecting ornament or support. Brahma-kanda, column, rectangular in section, in the Northern style. Bulbous, shaped like a bulb, nearly spherical. Bund, dam or embankment. Burj, tower. Buttress, support built against a wall. C "Cable" moulding, resembling a rope. Campa, fillet. Technical Dictionary Campaniform, bell-shaped. Campanile, Italian for a bell-tower, usually detached. Canopy, covering over a niche. Capital, siras; upper portion of a column or pilaster. Carralls, small study rooms. Caryatid, sculptured human female figures used as columns or Cavetto, simple concave moulding. Ceiling, covering surface under roof. supports. Casement, a form of window. Cathedral, principal church of a Bishop's district (diocese). Causeway, raised road. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms Cell, kulika. Cella, small chamber, compartment for the image of symbol. Chaitya, originally a tumulus (chita), but subsequently a sanctuary of any kind; the Buddhist temple. Chakra, Sacred Wheel of the Law (Buddhist) ; also ciscus of Vishnu. Chamfer, bevel or oblique surface, produced by cutting away a corner. Chandrasila, moon-stone, the semi-circular doorstep before a shrine. Chankrama, place of the promenade of the Buddha at Budh Gaya. Chapel Royal, church in connection with a royal palace. Chaplet, wreath or necklace. Char rasta, junction of four roads : central place of a town. Chauki, bay between pillars : also entrance to a porch. Chaultri, pillared hall attached to outside of Dravidian temple. Chaumukh, four images placed back to back, with the four faces looking towards the four cardinal points. Chauri, fly-whisk, symbol of royalty. Chavada, pavilion (western India). Chhatra, honorific umbrella ; a pavilion (Buddhist). Chhatravali, triple umbrella (Buddhist). Chhatrayashti, the staff or rod of the honorific umbrella. Chunam, lime, also plaster or stucco. Citadel, fortress, especially guarding or dominating a city. Classical, of the first class : of the standard of the ancient Greeks and Romans : style of antiquity. Clerestory, upper division of the walls of a building from which light was obtained. Cloister, covered corridors, or passages usually surrounding an open square. Coffer, sunk panel in a ceiling. Colonnade, series of columns. Column, vertical support, pillar. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 54 www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Coping, ushnisha, capping or covering to a wall. Corbel, blocks of stone projecting from a wall or pier : brackets. Core, inner construction of a wall, or other architectural feature. Corinthian order, the most ornate of the Greek orders of architecture. Cornice, any crowning portion or projection. Corridor, passage in a building. Cramp, metal bar for holding masonry. Cruciform, in the form of a cross. Technical Dictionary Crutch, pillar or support surmounted by crosspiece. Cupola, stringa; spherical roof. Dais, raised platform. Dali, scroll work. Daric, wood, woodwork. Cushion-member, a form of capital in the shape of a cushion, generally found in the rock architecture. Cyma, moulding in an outline of two curves : cyma recta, the concave curve surmounts the convex: cyma reversa, the convex surmounts the concave. D Dado, portion of a pedestal between its base and cornice; also applied to the lower portions of walls. Dagoba, stupa, (Sinhalese). For Private and Personal Use Only Darwaza, door. Decorated, the second of the three divisions of English Gothic architecture, evolved during the fourteenth century. Devagosta, niche. Devayatana, house of gods. Dewl, deul, in Bengal and Orissa generic name for a temple as a whole, but it is also used to signify the sanctuary only, such as the cella and its tower, the vimana. Dharmachakra, Wheel of the Law (Buddhist). Dharmsala, hostel, Hindu caravansarai. Dhvajastambham, lofty pillar in front of temple. Page #64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 55 Diaper, small floral pattern repeated continuously over a wall surface. Dikpala, guardian of one of the cardinal points. Dipdan, lamp pillar. Dipmala, high tower or pillar for festival light. Distyle in antis, term for a facade having two columns between pilasters or antes. Dola, swing. Doric Order, first and simplest order of Grecian architecture. Dormer, window in a sloping roof. Dormitory, sleeping room with several beds or cubicles. Dry masonry, stones laid without mortar or any adhesive. Durbar, Indian court or levee. Dvarpala, doorkeeper. Dwarf pillars, anghri. Early English, first of the three divisions of Gothic architecture in England, evolved during the thirteenth century. Eaves, Chajja, lower portion of a roof projecting beyond the face of the wall. Echinus, evolvo member of the Greek Doric capital, also a somewhat similar feature in the lonic capital. Enceinte, enclosure. Entablature, upper portion of a structure supported by a colonnade. Entasis, slight convex curvature of the shaft of a column thus preventing a concave appearance. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 56 Technical Dictionary Facade, front view or elevation. Faience, earthenware, porcelain. Fan-light, fan-shaped window over door. Fenestration, with windows or openings. Filigree, fine ornamental work : delicate tracery. "Filling," the repeating pattern on the largest or central space of a wall. Finial, finishing portion of a pinnacle. Flamboyant, florid, showy style. Flange, projecting flat, rim, collar or rib. Fleche, slender spire. Flexured, curved or bent. Fluting, vertical channelling on the shaft of a column. Forum, public place, place of assembly, especially at Rome. Fret, fretwork, ornamental pattern usually carved and perforated. Frieze, upper border: middle division of entablature. Gable, gable-end, triangular portion of roof. Gallery, assage common to rooms in an upper story. Galli, small street or lane. Gambhara, (Jain) sanctuary cell. Gana, child figures in ornament, urchins. Gandharvas, celestial musicians of Indra. Garasmukha, same as kirtimukha, a grotesque mask used in ornamentation. Garaspatti, a particular string-course or moulding in the basement of temples decorated with the garasmukha. Garbha-griha, adytum, shrine, the most sacred part of a temple. Garbha-mudra, carved lotus on the topmost course of corbels of the rakha (curvilinear portion). Gargoyle, projecting water-spout in Gothic architecture. Garth, small garden within cloisters. Garuda, vahana or vehicle (riding bird) of Vishnu. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 57 Govaksha, small ornamental niches on lowest turrets. Gajaprishthakriti, shaped like an elephant's back, whale-backed. Gelbai, carving around a doorway. Ghadi, upper part of the kalasa, or vase member of the capital. Ghanta, bell. Ghat, platform or steps at edge of water. Ghatapallava, "vase and foliage" pillar. Girder, beam for support. Gokhala (Jain) niche. Gopuram, monumental gateway. Gothic, pointed arched style prevalent in Western Europe during the 11th to the 16th centuries. Grille, grating, latticed screen. Guda mandapa, closed hall in front of a door, yestibule, Guldasta, pinnacle. Gumpha, monastery. Н Half-timbered construction, building formed of a wooden frame work with the interstices filled with brick or plaster. Hammer-beam roof, late Gothic form of wooden roof without a direct tie. Hamsa, goose. Harmika, the finial of a stupa in the form of a pedestal in which the shaft of the honorific umbrella was set. Headers and stretchers, bricks bounded with their short or long faces placed alternately. Hellenic, ancient Greek. Hemadpanti, name given to a type of Deccani temple supposed to have been introduced or designed by Hemadpant, minister of the Yadava king of Devagiri in the 13th century. Hinayana, primitive Buddhism, an earlier form of this great religious movement, as distinct from the later, or Mahayana. Hippogryph, fabulous griffin-like creature with body of horse. Hira, bead moulding. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 58 www.kobatirth.org Hti, finial (Burmese). Hypostyle, pillared hall. Hira, grihas, corbels. Honeysuckle and palmette, border in Grecian art consisting of these decorative elements. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Ionic, second order of Grecian architecture. Ishtaka, brick, brickwork. Technical Dictionary Icon, images, statue. Iconography, illustration of subject by drawings or figures. Idale, flower-shaped member in a Dravidian capital. In antis, within or between antae or side walls. J Jaga mohan, audience hall or ante-room, compartment of an Orissan temple fronting the sanctuary. Jagati, railed parapet. Jakanacharya, mythical architect or builder of temples in Southern India. For Private and Personal Use Only Jali, literally "net," any lattice or perforated pattern. Jamb, sides of the openings of doors and windows. Jangha, applies to the broad band of sculpture towards the middle of the temple wall (exterior); sometimes called panchakama. Jatakas, stories of the Buddha's former births. Jaya Stambha, Tower of Victory. Jhappa-sinha, rampant lion motif. Jina, Jaina, Tirthankara or religious reformer of the Jains. Page #68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms www.kobatirth.org K Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Kailasa, Shiva's Heaven. Kakshasana, sloping seat-back of stone. Kalan, temple tower (Cham). Kalasa, vase, an ornamental pot found in finials and capitals. Kalasa and amla, "vase and melon" capital. Kalyana mandapa, "hall of marriage" in temples of Southern India: pavillion where the marriage of the deity is celebrated annually. Kanti, in Orissan temples the recess between a bracket or cornice. Keel, like the keel of a ship. Khunta-ra-mandir, (Jain) small subsidiary shrine. Kirtimukha, "face of fame," an ornamental mask of great antiquity in Indian art. Kirti-stambha, "pillar of fame," free standing pillar in front of temple. Kumbha, a motif resembling a vase. Kumbha pancharam, recessed pilasters. Kumuda, astragal or torus moulding. L 59 Konakapaga, the pilaster or projection on the angle of a temple. Kottara, temple granary. Kudu, anteflx, foliated arch on Dravidian temples, ornamental motif derived from the Buddhist chaitya arch. Labyrinth, complicated irregular structure of many intricate passages: maze. Laminated arch, formed by layers as of thin wood. Lat or stambha, pillar. Laterite, ferruginous rock. Latin Cross, cross with upright longer than arms. Lattice, screen of cross laths: perforated structure. Leogryph, vyali, lion-griffin. Lintel, beam, the timber or stone covering an opening. Loggia, a gallery open to the air; verandah. Lunette, crescent shape; semicircular space or opening. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 60 Technical Dictionary M Machicolation, parapet of fortress with opening for dropping missiles. Madapalli, cooking room, kitchen. Madar (Jain) large subsidiary shrine. Mahabharata, great Sanskrit Epic of India. Mahadvara, outer gate surmounted by a lofty superstructure, (Chalukyan). Maha Govinda, in Buddhist writings the name of an architect who built several important cities and fortresses. Mahall, palace. Maha-mandapam, large enclosed hall in front of main shrine : also transepts. Mahayana, later development of Buddhism. Makara, crocodile-shaped creature presumed to symbolize the river Ganges. Malleable, adaptable, pliable, can be hammered or pressed into shape. Manasara, ancient Indian architectural treatise. Manastambha, free-standing pillar in front of temple. Mandapa, mandapam, large open hall. Mandir, temple. Mandovara, central and principal space in the outer wall of a Gujarati temple. Mashrabiya, lattice-work formed of small pieces of wood jointed together. Matha, monastery or convent. Mausoleum, large tomb building. Medhi, terrace. Megalithic, structure in which there is a marked use of large · stones. Merlon, part of embattled parapet between two embrasures. Meroes, pagoda (Bali). Moat, deep wide ditch surrounding a fort. Modillions, projecting brackets in the classical orders. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 61 Monobloc, single piece of concrete composition. Monolith, single block of stone shaped into a pillar or monument. Monoptoral, circular type of temple. Mortar, mixture of lime, sand, and water for joining stone or bricks. Mortice, hole cut to receive a projection especially a tenon. Moulding, the contour given to projecting members. Mudra, language of the hands and fingers. Mukka-mandapam, front hall or colonnade in front of main shrine. Mullion, upright members used to divide openings into smaller spaces. Mural, wall, wall decoration. N Nagara, city or capital (Sanskrit). Nal, staircase, flight of steps. Nal mandapa, porch over a staircase. Nandi Mandapa, portico or pavilion erected over the sacred bull (nandi). Naos, sanctuary cell or principal chamber. Nat-mandir, dancing hall, usually the middle structure in an Orissan temple. Navagraha, nine planets, represented usually on the lintel or architrave of the front door of a temple. Navaranga, middle or central hall of temple. Navaratha deul, a structure showing nine pilasters on its facade. Nave, the central or main compartment of a building. Neck-moulding, padma-bhandam. Niche, recess in wall for the reception of a statue or ornament. Nook-shaft, detached pillar in a recess or a doorway, opening, or pier. Nritya sala, dancing hall of temple. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 62 Technical Dictionary Obelisk, tapering and usually monolithic shaft of stone with pyramidal apex. Ogee, a form of moulding or arch, the curves of which resemble the cyma reversa (q.v.) Opisthodomos, in Greek architecture an open vestibule within the portico. Order, in architecture signifies a column with its base, shaft and capital, and the entablature which it supports. Oriel, projecting window. Oversailing, system of construction in domes or arches where the course of bricks or stones projects over the course below. Ovoid, oval with one end more pointed. Ovolo, convex moulding. P Pada, foot or base. Pada-vinyasa, ground plan. Padma, lotus, moulding having the curves of the lotus petal, cyma reversa or recta. Padmabhandam, neck moulding. Padmam, pedestal. Padmasana, lotus throne. Paga, projecting pilaster-like surface of an Orissan temple (exterior). Pagoda, tall structure in several stories. Paksala, kitchen. Palagai, square member forming upper portion of Dravidian capital ; abacus Palimpsest, an inscription or manuscript over which another has been subsequently written. Pancharam, attic or superstructure ; also pavilion. Pancharatha deul, structure having five pilasters on its facade. Panchayatana, temple consisting of five shrines in a group. Panel, recessed compartment in a wall, etc. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 63 Pansala, cell. Parapet, upper portion of a wall above the roof. Parastara, entablature. Parichakra, half medallions on the uprights of a Buddhist railing. Perterre, level space in a garden occupied by flower-beds. Parthenon, Greek temple at Athens, ideal of classic architecture. Parvis, priests' chamber. Pata, lintel or beam. Patina, green film that covers materials exposed to the air. Patio, open court of Spanish dwelling. Pavilion, chavada, chabutri. Pediment, triangular termination of the roof in a classic temple. Peripetral, surrounded by a range of columns. Peristyle, range of columns surrounding a court or temple. Picture-gallery, chitragara. Pida, pitha, basement. Pier, supporting mass other than a column. Pilaster, square pillar projecting from a wall. Pillar, khumbhi. Pinjra, lattice work. Pinnacle, guldasta, small turret-like termination. Pitha, base, pedestal. Piu-lu, torana, or gateway of the Chinese. Plan, representation of a building showing the general distribution of its parts in horizontal section. Plastic, modelled or moulded. Plateresque, plateresco, over-florid ornamentation in the Spanish Renaissance style, resembling intricate silver-work. Plinth, (pitha) lower portion, or base, of a building or column. Podium, stone bench; low pedestal wall. Pokana, bathing tank (Ceylon). Polychromatic, many-coloured. Porch, structure in front of doorway. Portal, doorway. Portico, space enclosed within columns. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 64 Technical Dictionary Pra, stupa (Siam). Pradakshina patha, vedika, processional passage or ambulatory. Prakaram, open courtyard. Prasada, palace, also shrine. Prastara, entablature. Pronaos, porch, part of a classic temple in front of the naos : sometimes portico. Propylacum, entrance gate or vestibule. Pteroma, space between the wall and columns of a temple. Purna kalasa, vase of plenty, "pot and foliage" capital in style of northern India. Pushkarani, sacred pool or tank. Pushpabandha, pushpa bodhica, projecting bracket or corbel of a Dravidian capital. Pylon, propylon, tall monumental gateway. Pyramidal, including to an apex a pyramid. Quadrangle, four-sided figure or court. Quattro-cento, fifteenth century as period in Italian art. Quaoin, corner stones at the angles : angle of a building. Raha paga, central projection or pilaster. Rakshasas, earth spirits. Ramayana, Sanskrit epic poem of great antiquity. Rampart, broad-topped defensive mound or structure. Random rubble, masonry formed of stones of irregular size and shape. Ranga mandapa, pointed hall or theatre. Ratha, lit. a car ; car used in the temple ceremonies of southern India ; also applied incorrectly to the monolithic shrines of the Seven Pagodas, Mamallapuram. Refectory, dining hall in a monastery or college. Rekha, curvilinear portion of a spire or sikhara. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms www.kobatirth.org Rekha deul, a towered sanctuary (Orissan). Reliquary, receptacle for relics. Renaissance, revival of art and letters in Europe under the influence of classical models in 14th and 16th centuries. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Rib, projecting band on a ceiling or vault. Ridge, highest point of a roof, running from end to end. Rococo, style with debased Renaissance features. Roll moulding, also called scroll moulding from its resemblance to a scroll of paper. Rood-loft, raised gallery in front of the chancel of a church or cathedral. Rood-screen, framing separating the chancel from the rest of the building. S 65 Rosette, rose-shaped ornament. Rose window or wheel window, circular window with millions converging like the spokes of a wheel. Rotunda, building of circular ground plan, circular hall or room. Rudra Kanda, sixteen-sided pillar. Runnel, small hollow. Rustication, method of forming stonework with recessed joints. Sabha mandapa or chavadi, assembly hall. Sal, hall. Salunkha, alter. Sanctum, holiest portion of a temple; inner sanctuary; garbha griha. Sangarama, monastery. Sankha, a shell, emblem of the god Vishnu. Santhagara, mote, moot or meeting hall. Saptaratha deul, structure with seven pilasters on its facade. For Private and Personal Use Only Sarai, caravansarai, halting place. Sarsen, large sandstone block as at Stonehenge. schist, type of rock, metamorphic, and fissile (split) in character; dark slate coloured. Page #75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 66 Technical Dictionary Seni, guilds. Seljuks, Turkish Islamic dynasty of western Asia, in the 11th, 12th & 13th cents. Sesha, serpent deity. Shaft, portion of a column between base and capital. Sikhara, spire or tower. Shrine, sanctuary, most sacred portion of a temple. Sill, shelf or slab in front of window. Silpa sastra, ancient Indian treatise on building construction and allied arts. Silpi laksmana, architect. Sinha, lion. Sinhasana, lion throne; throne for a statue of the Buddha, usually supported on figures of lions. Sinha stambha, lion pillar. Siras, capital of a pillar. Siva Kanda, pentagonal pillar. Skanda kanda, hexagonal pillar. Soffit, underside of any architectural member. Soma sutra, spout to carry away oblations in the shrine of a temple. Sopana, flight of steps, stairs. Sridhara, pillar with octagonal shaft and square base. Sringa, quarter sikhara like a turret attached to the main sikhara. Staggered, not opposite, not in line. Stambha, column, pillar (in Gujarati, tekana). Steeple, spire, sikhara, lofty structure above a church. Stele, upright slab or pillar sometimes inscribed as a gravestone. Stellate, arranged like a star, radiating. Stencil, pattern inscribed or painted by means of a cut plate. Stereobate, solid platform. Sthapti, master craftsman. Stockade, line of posts as a fence or barrier. Story, bhumikha, space between two adjacent floors. String-course, a horizontal moulding often under a parapet. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Strut, wood, stone or iron set up to bear weight or pressure; a brace. Stucco, kind of plaster or cement for coating surfaces. Stupa, originally, a funeral mound or tumulus, but erected by the Buddhists either to enshrine a relic or to commemorate some sacred site. Stylobate, the base or sub-structure on which a colonnade is placed. Suchi, cross bars in a Buddhist railing. Sukhanasi (Chalukyan) temple vestibule. Sun window, chaitya window, large arched opening in the facade of a chaitya hall or Buddhist temple. Supercolumniation, one row of pilasters or pillars in a story above another. Suraj-mukh, "sun-face". a symbolic decorative element. Surya, the sun god. 67 T Tabernacle, small movable sanctuary; also canopied stall. Fadi, a kind of necking in a Dravidian capital. Tala, story. For Private and Personal Use Only Talapattana, pavement. Tala prishtha, lower of the two tiers of a plinth. Tandava, dance of Siva. Temenos, sacred precincts of a temple or sanctuary. Tempera, distemper; method of mural painting by means of a "body," such as white pigment. Thakur bari, sanctuary (Bengal). Tirthankara, Jain religious reformer. Titanic, gigantic, superhuman. Tol. quarter or ward of a town (Nepal). Topiary, art of clipping shrubs into ornamental shapes. Torana, gateway of Indian design. Torri, gateway of a Japanese temple. Torus, convex moulding chiefly used in pillar bases. Page #77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 68 Technical Dictionary Tower, sikhara. Trabeate, use of beams in construction as distinct from arches. Tracery, ornamental perforated pattern. Transept, cross or transverse compartments of a building. Transom, horizontal divisions or cross-bars to windows. Trefoil, arranged in three lobes. Triforium, gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave. Trikutachala (Chalukyan) triple shrine or three-celled temple. Trimurti, Hindu triad. Triptadhara, short cylindrical member over the amla. Triple Umbrella, Chhatravali (Buddhist). Triratha deul, a structure having three pilasters on the facade. Trisula, trident, emblem of Siva. Truncated, cut off at top. Truss, support for a roof, bridge, etc. Tudor Gothic, late perpendicular style which flourished in England from the reign of Henry VII to that of Elizabeth ; 16th century. Tumulus, a mound, often funerary, presumed origin of the stupa. Turrets, small towers. Tympanum, triangular space within the cornices of a pediment. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 69 Ubapitam, pedestal. Uda sinha, flying lion. Ugrana, store house (Chalukyan). Umbrella stick, chhatrayashti. Upana, pedestal of a pillar. Upapitha, pedestal. Urusringa, half-sikhara like a turret attached to the main sikhara, or spire. Ushnisha, coping. Uttira, entablature. Uyyala, Unyal mandapam, (hindola) hall for swinging the deity (Tamil). Vahana mandapa, (Chalukyan) hall in which the vahanas or temple vehicles are stored. Vastu Sastra, "Rules of Architecture." Vat, Buddhist monument (Siamese). Vault, arched covering over any space. Vedas, ancient sacred books, the foundation of Hinduism ; they give their name to the Vedic Age. Vedi, alter, also a wall or screen. Vedica, Buddhist railing. Vestibule, ante-room. Vihara, Buddhist or Jain monastery. Vimana, towered sanctuary containing the cell in which the deity is enshrined. Vira ghanta, sacred bell, a common decorative motif. Vishana, horns. Visvakarma, Lord of the Arts, patron saint of the craftsman. Vitruvius, Roman architect, military engineer and writer, in the days of Caesar and Augustus. Volute, scroll or spiral. Vyali, leogryph. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 70 www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary W Wagon-vault, semi-cylindrical roof like a wagon tilt or cover. Wahalkadas, decorative projecting shrines on Sinhalese stupas or dagabas. Wattle and daub, primitive walling of twigs plastered with mud or clay. Way or Baoli, step-well in Gujarat and western India. Wheel, chakr, also discus of Vishnu. Wing, sides, the lateral extremities of a building. Wyang, Javanese theatrical performance. Y Yagasala, hall where the sacred fire is maintained and worshipped ; place of sacrifice. For Private and Personal Use Only Yaksha, semi divine being. Yali, hippopotamus-like creature in the ornamentation of Chalukyan temples. Yamuna, Jumna river. Yashti, stick, pole or shaft, (Buddhist). Page #80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 71 (B) General Architectural Terms (with English meaning : another version) Abacus - A slab forming the crown member of a capital. Abutment Solid masonary which resists the lateral pressure of an arch Aisles Lateral divisions parellel with the nave in a church. Arabasque Surface decoration Arcade A range of arches supported on columns Arch A structure of Wedge shaped blocks over an opening Architrave The beam which extends from column to column. Atlantis Carved male figures serving as pillars Attic : Upper storey of a building Baluster A pillar Basement - Lowest stage of a building Battement - A parapet having a series of embrasures Bracket - A projecting member to support a weight. Byzantile Architecture - The style evolved at Constantinople Canopy A covering over a tomb Capital The crowning feature of a column Cenotaph (Gk an empty tomb) A seputchral monument to a person buried elsewhere Chhatri An umbrella shaped cupola Dome Lt. a house Fresco Wall paintings Impost The member on which an arch rests Jambs The sides of doors and windows Keystone - The central stone of a semi-circular arch. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 72 Technical Dictionary Lintel Machicolations - Mouldings Niche Ogee - Oriel Pendentive Plinth Rib Shaft The horizontal timber or stone also known as architrave that spans an opening. A projecting parapet with floor openings through which molten lead, pitch stones etc. were dropped on the enemy. The contours given to projecting members A recess in a wall A moulding made up of a convex and concave curve A window corbelled out from the face of a wall by means of a projecting stone. Triangular curved overhanging surface by means of which a circular dome is supported over a square of polygonal compartment. A base of building A projecting hand on a ceiling the portion of a column between base and the capital. The ceiling The triangular space enclosed by the curve of an arch An arched covering. Basement of a structure supporting pillars. Ribbed lenticular part resembling amalaka crowning the top of the shikhara. Pillared hall immediately in front of the principal structure or distat half of a mandapa with two separate pillars. Shrine Facade without columns Soffit Spandrel Vault Adhisthana Amalka Ardhamandapa Ayatana Aslytar - For Private and Personal Use Only Page #82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 73 - Bhumi Chaturmukha Chitra-pattika Devakostha Kalasa Ashtasra Kattu Kumbha Kuta Makara-Torana Mandapa Mukha-Mandapa - Nasika Padma Pali Pattika Phalaka Pitha Stambha Stupika Torna Anda of a temple Opening on all sides. Corbels with paintings of creepers, flowers or embossed carving. Niche on wall of a structure containing sculpure of deity. The vase-shaped finial over the amalka. of cenotaphs and temples. Octagonal Intervening octagonal or polygonal portion between the bottom and top squares of a pillar. Member of the pillar capital. Structure of square plan sama chatursra. Entrance decoration with a festoon arched, spanning the tops of the pillars Astylar hall First mandap of the series Projected arched opening Lotus, capital member Capital member A major moulding of great thickness Abacus Base Pillar Finial. Free standing ornamental foliar and floral festoon forming entrance supported by two upright-columns Railing Dwarf pillar Cupola Vestibule Horizontal Vedica Andhari Anda Antral Anuprastha - For Private and Personal Use Only Page #83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 74 Technical Dictionary Adhar Amalaka Ekasmaka Kalasha Kirtti stambha Kumbh stambh Gokhala Griva Dhalai Jangha Jagati Tumulus Stellate Baramada Rib Ambulatory Basement, plinth Melon-shaped stone Monolithic Vase Monumental pillar Small pillar Niche Neck of a building Moulding Plinth Railed parapet Mount Resembling stars Portico Projecting band on a ceiling Cercumbulatory path, Pradakshina path Terrace A class of demi-gods Finishing portion of a pinnacle. Lattice window Moulding cable Compani form Roof of a temple Wave Corbel bracket with taranga Moulding Pillar supporting torana. Lower most part of the basement. Decorative frieze with vyalas Single storey building. Small flat band which occurs chiefly between mouldings to connect and separate them. Medhi Vidyadhar Finial Jalak Dhalai Ghantakriti Shikhara Taranga Tarang Potika Toranstambha Upana Vyalamala Ektal Fillet - For Private and Personal Use Only Page #84 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 75 (C) Temple Architectural Terms (with both Hindi & English meaning and Hindi alphabatic order) adhisthana 3788 - Moulded base (South India). alinda आलिन्द - Aisle. amalaka 3774510 - "Myrobolan fruit"; crowning member of Latina temples. amalasaraka 3THCTATTO. "Cogged wheel" or compressed myrobolan stone crowning North Indian spire. anda, andaka 3705, 37050 - Literally "egg"; spirelet in North Indian temple architecture. anekandaka 37701050 - Multi spired. anga 31" - Principal horizontal or vertical division of temple structure such as bhadra, karna. antarabhitti 37 ISHT - Inner wall; sanctum wall. antarala 37 IS - Space in front of sanctum door. antarpatta 3774€ - Recessed face between projecting mouldings. anuratha 375g - Auxiliary offset flanking the central offset (wall division); pratiratha. ardhachandra 37as aos - "Moon-stone", semi-circular decorative step. ardhadarpana 37asic4u - Half-mirror (decorative motif). ardhapadma 3TS TCH - Half lotus (decorative motif), Lotusornamented cyma moulding. ardharatna 3Tas Trt - Half-diamond (decorative motif). asanapatta (pattaka) 37874€ () - Seat-slab. bhadra 475 - Central offset (wall-division). bhadraka 'Go - Square pillar with "bhadra" -like central projection. bhadrapitha 45410 - A pedestal variety. bhadraratha 46799 - Central offset. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 76 Technical Dictionary bhadravalokana 46101067 - Window or balcony used as central offset. bharavahaka Pralech - Bharaputraka, dwarf atlantid figure; yaksa figure supporting superstructure. bhitta - A plinth course. chaitya Art - A barrel-vaulted hall with stupa as focus of worship. chaityagavaksa arretratat - Dormer-window (decorative motif). chakrapurusa 26469 - Personified form of Visnu's discus. chandrasala 05PICTI - An arched ornamental motif, with a cavit in the centre, generally filled with figural sculpture or decorative motif. candrasalika arsenfahl - Diminiutive of candrasala. candrasila ose fill - Lowest step shaped like a "half moon" (modern); ardhachandra. chandravalokana osam - Ornate window fitted with grille. chandrika afisch - Super structural member between amalaka and crowning kalasa. chatuski algoorit - Bay of four pillars. chhadya छादय - Eave. chhatradharini 5978 fuit - Umbrella bearing female. darpana Gyul - "Mirror"; circular decorative motif; medallion. devakulika Gagetot - Subsidiary shrine. dhvaja 67 - Banner, cognizance. dvi anga fa-3111 - With two planes of offset (triratha). dvibhuma f&-919 - Two storeyed. dvisakha fa-yilgi - Having two jambs. ekandaka Tchlosch - Single spired. gajamunda 164US - Elephant's head (decorative motif). gajavyala Tault - Griffin with elephant head. ganasakha TuGl - Doorjamb ornamented with dwarf figures. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Architectural Terms www.kobatirth.org gandharva - Celestial minstrel. gandharvasakha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - Doorjamb ornamented with celestial musicians. garbhagriha - Womb-house; sanctum. gavaksa - "Cow eye" or "sun ray" aureole (decorative motif); chandrasala. ghanta घंट - Bell. ghantamala - Chain of bells or with bells. ghata - Vase, pot; cushion-shaped pillar-part (above lasuna). ghata-pallava - An ornamental motif consisting of a pot with overflowing foliage, often used as the capital and or base of pillars and pilasters. - grasakirikinika uffff - Jingling bells suspended from gorgon faces (decorative motif). grasamukha - Gorgon face or head; kirttimukha. grasapattaka ग्रासपट्टक - grasapatti - Band of gorgon faces in series. griva - Neck; recess between the sikhara and crowning amalaka. gudhamandapa गूढ़मण्डप - Closed hall. hansa - Goose, gander (decorative motif). hansamithuna हंसमिथुन - Pair of geese. hansayugma - Paired geese (decorative motif). - Inverted cyma reeta moulding. jadyakumbha jagati jala, jalaka I, jala, vatayana I, jangha - Plinth; platform. 77 - Mesh design; grille. - Grilled; window. - Wall frieze. kakshasana कक्षासन - Seat back. kalasa - Torus mouldings pitcher finial. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 78 Technical Dictionary kalika afstahl - Bud (conical decorative motif). kapili ohfacit - Walls enclosing a vestibule in front of the sanctum, sometimes connecting the prasada to a portico or mandapa. kapota 0917 - Roll-cornice; also overhanging cornice. kapota-chhadya 2641a-80164 - Roll-cornice; also overhanging cornice. kapotapalika autauifant - Cyma-eave cornice. karna tsuf - Angle; plain fillet (moulding) corner wall-division. karnika mfufcht - Knife-edged arris moulding. kati cafe - "Waist"; wall (early synonym for jangha). kharasila ORFATTI - Cap-stone of foundation platform. khura C - Basal moulding of Vedibandha. khura-kumbha DT-5574 - Complex of khura and kumbha mouldings. khuracchadya qirogy - Curved ribbed awning. kumara g 4R - Atlantid figure; haraputraka, bharavahaka. kumbha 974 - "Pot"; high basal moulding with curved shoulder. kumbhaka gfF9Toto - Pillar base. kumbhika gofruohot - Base of pillaret; basal part of stambhasakha. kunda Sus - Tank. lalata alle - Central part (of door lintel). lalatabimba (bimba) istefata - Crest figure, central symbol on door lintel. latina IC - North Indian curvilinear superstructure. lokapala 11641657 - Guardians of the four principal quarters. makara-pranala Hot-guld - Makara-shaped water chute. mala HIST - Garland; decorative band. maladhari vidyadhara मालाधारी-विद्याधर - Garland-bearing heavenly warrior. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 79 mancha Hoel - Dias, pitha. manchika Hfnt - Dias like moulding supporting figure-bearing niches on the wall frieze. mandapa 4059 - Columnar hall. mandaraka HIGROS - Projecting central part of ornate threshold, usually round, rarely square. mayura HR - Peacock. misraka fit Slot - Composite or polymorphic pillar-type, combining forms from square to polygonal to circular. mithunasakha f einar - Jamb bearing couples (sometimes erotic). mukhachatuski hooguit - Four-pillared entry porch. mukhalinda 493 | Toc - Front aisle. mukhamandapa TCH059 - Front hall; entry hall. mukulika Hormonal - Lotus bud (conical decorative motif). mukuta tore - Crown, tiara. mulanayaka - Main enshrined deity. mulaprasada LATARG - Main temples as opposed to subsidiary shrines in a complex. naga TM - Cobra; snake. nagapasa 179791 - Design of intertwined serpents. nagara FIT - Generic name for temple-type with North Indian spire. nagasakha FITGI - Sakha with snake pattern. pancharatha rape - With five offsets (tri-anga). pancasakha Marina - With five jambs. pancayatana TERIAA - Five-shrined, five-fold. parikara yfione - Image-frame, often with retinue of figures. parivaradevatas farcan - Surrounding divinities placed on temple wall (or in subsidiary shrines in Dravidian architecture). For Private and Personal Use Only Page #89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary patrą 4 - Leaf, foliage. patrasakha YERIGI - Sakha adorned with foliage. patravalli Clasit - Patralata, leafy scroll. patta, patti "E, YÉT - Band, register. pattika ufe T - Rectilinear fillet. pedya 964 - Lower section of door jamb (carved with figures of door guardians). phamshana 44901 - "Wedge"; tier of pyramidal roof type. pitha 18 - Moulded base of the temple. pithika ulfoot - Image pedestal. pradakshina og TUT - Circumambulation; circumanmbulatory path. prakara 10R - Walled enclosure. pranala quid - Gargoyle, generally fixed in the northern wall of the sanctum of the temple with decorated openings like makaramuka, gajamukha etc. for emptying water. pratibhadra usarta - Offset flanking the central wall-projection. pratihari uferit - Female door-guardian. pratiratha ufaret - Wall-offeset flanking bhadra. purnaghata quare - Vase-of-plenty (decorative motif). purnakumbha gutch4 - Vase-of-plenty (decorative motif). pushpa you - Flower. pushphadhari youerit - Flower-bearing female. pushparatna gort - Floral diamond (decorative motif). ratha T91 - "Chariot"; wall division; central vertical band of sikhara. rathika Tech - Framed niche. ratnapatti 1674€1 - Band of diamond pattern. rekha tal - Curvature (of sikhara). rekhasikhara ta fTCR - Having curved spire (modern); see Latina, Sekhari. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Architectural Terms 81 rukka Patent - Square pillar-type. rupasakha 16991741 - Jamb with figures. sakha trei - Decorative door-band; door-jamb. sandhara HPER - With ambulatory: sankhapurusa sigyha - Personified form of Vishnu's conch. saptaratha WATU - With seven offsets (panchanga). sarvatobhadra 1948 - Temple-type with four openings. sikhara शिखर - Spire. simhamukha f#54 - Lion's head. stambha 577797 - Pillar. stambhasakha MRITal - Jamb in the form of a pillar. sukanasa Y6112T - Antefix above the roof of kapili. surasena, surasenaka सूरसेन, सूरसेनक - Pediment made up of trifoliate dormer patterns. sutra F - Cord; text on a philosophical, doctrinal, or technical subject. talapatra 014149 - Palm-leaf. taranga nis - Wave (bracket-type). tri-anga fl-317 - With three planes of offsets. trika Falch - Mukhamandapa; entry hall. triratha fare - With three jambs. usnisha zbuta - Coping. utkutikasana 3roofcourt - Posture of sitting on haunches. uttaranga Jain - Door-architrave or door-lintel. vajrasana U19 - Adamantine seat. vapi anit - Step-well; tank. varandika afuso1 - Moulded parapet, elevational member separating wall frieze from the superstructure. vasantapattika a hryfgah - Broad band carved with floral scroll. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 82 www.kobatirth.org vatayana वातायन - Window. vedi वेदी - Altar. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary vedibandha -- The podium; in temple, walls the member intervening between the pitha (plinth) and the jangha wall and generally consisting of a group of four moldings. Viz. khura, kumbha, kalasa and kapotapali. vedika - Railing, balustrade. vigraha fae - Image; icon. vitana fa-Ceiling. For Private and Personal Use Only vyalasakha MIUI - Jamb decorated with fantastic animals. yaksha - Spirits of trees, mountains, streams and forests with benevolent as well as malevolent aspects. - Host of nature spirits. yaksa-gana - Page #92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Iconographic Terms 83 Iconographic Terms abhaya-mudra 37924-HET - A gesture granting freedom from fear, with hand raised, palm forward, fingers pointing upward. akshamala 37874151 - A rosary. alinganamurti 31ifcif - An iconographical form in which a god is shown accompanied by his consort, whom he generally embraces. anjali-mudra 37511-481 - A gesture of worship consisting of palm joined to each other near the chest. apasmarapurusha 37468 469 - Dwarf demon personifying 'ignorance'. apsara 3 TATT - See surasundari. ardhapryankasana अर्द्ध-पर्यंकासन - Lalitasana a seated posture in which one leg is drown up on the seat, the other with knee bent, resting on the ground. astagraha 37816 - A group of planetary divinities, similar to the Navagraha, except that Ketu is generally omitted. asthimala 37EETHICTI - Bone garland, it has worn by Chamunda. ayudha 37144 - A weapon, an attribute. Ayudhpurusa 3trJet 959 - A personification of a Deity's weapon or attribute. bhadra 475 - The central projection of a temple wall. bhujabandha 4510142 - An armlet. bijaura facil - A kind of fruite. borla aterii - A kind of ornament is roughly spherical in shape worn by female on parting. It is still in vogue among the females of Rajasthan. chakra Elgh - A wheel, discus. chauri achit - Fly-whisk. chhatra 595 - A parasol. chhatradharini Fujifiuit - Umbrella bearing female. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 84 Technical Dictionary damaru 346 - A small double-headed drum shaped like an Hour glass. danda GUS - Scepter or staff as a symbol of sovereignity. dhammilla fcell - A style of coiffure in which the hair is swept into a circular chignon on the top of the head. dhoti Eicit - A modern apparel consisting of a piece of cloth wrapped around the waist and the legs; the term is also used for designating the lower garment worn in ancient times. dhyana-mudra 21-HGT - A gesture of meditation in which the hands are relaxed in the lap, one above the other, with the palms turned upward. dikpala facb4151 - A regent of either one of the four cardinal or four intermediate directions of space. dvarapala SR467 - A door guardian. ekavali Tohlasit - A necklace consisting of single strand of pearls or heads often with an oblong spacer in the centre. gada "TGI - A mace; a weapon commonly carried by Vishnu. gana TUT - A grotesque, dwarf goblin; often shown as an attendant and companion of Siva. garuda "Thç - mythical eagle or white kite. garudarudha T551hase - Riding on a garuda. godhasana Tình - Having "iguana" mount; form of Parvati. graha JE - A planet. hastavalaya trace - A kind of ornament of worn in the arms. jala GIST - Literally, net; in architecture it denotes the lace-like tracery made up of interwined chandrasalikas which cover the sikhara of North Indian temple. jangha vel - Literally, thigh; in architecture the wall of the temple, lying between the varandika and the vedi-bandha. jatajuta Gato - A coiffure consisting of long locks of hair piled above the head. Sive and Parvati shown with this kind of hairs. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Iconographic Terms 85 jatamukuta F21455 - An elaborate jatajuta sometimes adorned with jewels. kachchha D&OT - A kind of male dress or short tight under garment. kamandalu HUSS - A vase, generally carried by ascetics. kapala 074757 - Half part of skull usually shown with Siva, Bhairava and Chamunda and other Saiva devinities. karanda-mukuta afrug-ugh- A conical crown with bulging, horizontal sections, resembling piled baskets. kardi 061 - A kind of circular disc shape ornament often studded with gems worn by male and female on the four head. Kardi is still in vogue among the females of Rajasthan. karna-kundala to uf-gpusat - Ear ornament, usually circular. katisutra CE - Waist-band of textile or thread. kamarbandha öh{fret - Waist-band of textile or thread. katyavalambita açılacifica - A gesture of the hand in which it is shown resting on the waist. kayotsargva donat - A standing posture in which the body is held erect, the two hands hanging at the sides; common to images of Jaina Tirthankaras. khadga GST - A sword; more specifically a sword with a broad blade. khatvanga Uçain - A club, the knob of which consists of a human skull. kinnara format - A semi-divine being, half human, half bird. kiritamukuta fonte Tone - A type of tall, cylindrical crown worn by Vishnu and other gods. kirttimukha slidya - A motif consisting of leonine head with bulging eyes, and flat nose. lalantika Mahafect - It pendent type of ornament hanging in necklace or mekhala. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 86 Technical Dictionary lanchana MT&TT - A distinctive sign. lata Mat - In architecture, applied to projections on the superstructure of North Indian Temples. latina CH - A type of sikhara lacking the subsidiary clusters of sikharas surrounding or leaning against the main sikhara. lungi si - A kind of under garment generally used by males. Some times it is long and some times it very short up to thighs. makara Hohe - Ornamental motif, apparently developed from an alligator or crocodile, Sea-moster, dolphin. mastakabhusana Hroty90 - Ornament wears on forehead. It is different from mukuta and usually shown in fillet or tied on parting with pearled string. mithuna FF - In art, the representation of an amorous couple. nakula Tor - A mongoose. nandi 761 - Siva's bull. navagraha JUTE - A group of nine divinities consisting of the Sun (Ravi); the six planets, Soma (Moon), Mangala (Mars), Budha (Mercury), Brihaspati (Jupiter), Sukra (Venus), and Sani (Saturn); to whom are appended Rahu, the Demon of the Eclipse, and Ketu, a deification cornets or meteors. nupura T4 - An anklet. padma 4GH - A lotus. padmalata TGHMal - A creeper mainly yielding lotus flowers. padavalaya Yiças - A kind of round ornament worn in the leg just above ankle. panchangnitapa amian - A penance done with five flowers; it was performed by Parvati to win the hand of Siva. peelwan Hati - A man who is controlling elephant. pasa 471 - A noose, lasso. patralata 4567A - A lotus rhizome. pidha 6 - A horizontal slab, which together with others, constitutes the fabric of a North Indian temple sikhara. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Iconographic Terms 87 parabhavali ghart - A halo or nimbus. pralambapadasana ya41634147 - See paryankasana. parivar-devatas परिवार-देवता - Family divimities of the respective gods and goddess. pushpakalika youa fetont - Flower bud. pustaka yfits - A book; in sculpture, generally shown as oblong in shape. randhra 19 - Traceries or a perforated stone carvings usually found in the cardinal walls of the circumambulatory passage of a temple. rupasakha 548110T - A moulding of the doorway surround decorated with figures. samabhanga #T - A posture in which the figure is shown without any flexions of the body. samapadasthanaka 944TG TYH0h - An erect. Standing posture in which the weight of the body is thrown equally on both legs; same as samabhanga. sankha Ta - A conch; generally carried by Vishnu as one of the his attributes. sankhapurusha pia45a - Personified form of Vishnu's conch. saptamatrika H6141ch - A group of sevem Mother goddesses. saptaratha HGR21 - A surface, generally of a temple wall or of a pedestal, with seven projections. sardula FIGC - A mythical animal with leonine features. pratima yahi - Of a deity or deities being carved on all the four sides. sikha frei - A lock of hair on the cranium; in architecture, the finial of a temple. sikhara Ferat - The superstructure of a temple, rising above the walls. simha-vyala fis-241157 - A vyala with the head of a lion. sriphala sit 467 - A kind of fruite, a coconut. For Private and Personal Use Only Page #97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 88 - www.kobatirth.org srivatsa श्रीवत्स Tirthankaras, decorating the chest of Vishnu. sruk - A type of ladle used for pouring oblation in to the sacrificial fire. stambha - A pillar, column. stambhasakha decorated with a pilaster. sukanasa - An antefix placed on the sikhara of a temple, just above the antarala. - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir An auspicious sign of varying design, often - A vyala with the head of a parrot. suka-vyala sura-sundari - A heavenly damsel; generally the name for female figures in various attitudes and postures adorning a Technical Dictionary - A molding of the doorway surround temple. sutra - Cord, text on a philosophical, doctrinal or technical subject. torana - An ornate gateway. tribhanga - A posture in which the body is flexed thrice. triratha - A surface endowed with three rathas, or projections, as in a temple wall. trisula - A trident. udadhikumara 3GR - Divinity, generally carrying a pot and riding a makara. Often represented on the sill of a North Indian temple doorframe. - udara--bandha 3- An ornamental belt worn around the stomach. udgama 3 - A pediment, generally crowning niche. - A term generally applied to the dress of udichyavesa the Sun god, when it consists of a tunic and boots. upavita 3 - A sacred thread worn across the left shoulder and under the right arm. urdhapingalakesa terrific deity like Bhairava or Yama. - Curls rising over the head of a For Private and Personal Use Only Page #98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Iconographic Terms www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir uru 35 - Thigh part of body. urujala 3 the thighs. uttariya - A scarf of shawl-like garment worn over or across the upper part of the body. uttkutikasana 3 vahana of the various divinities. 89 - An ornament, generally suspended in loops over - Posture of sitting on haunches. - A vehicle; generally applied to the animal mounts vajra - A thunderbolt; a weapon commonly represented with two transverse bolts. vajrasana - Adamantive seat. vanamala HI - A large garland, reaching almost to the knees. varada mudra वरद मुद्रा A gesture bestowing gift with hand lowered, palm forward, fingers pointing downwards. veni au- Contexture of three or more interlaced strands of hair. vidyadhara विद्याधर An angelic being, human in form, and without wings; he is generally shown flying above the principal deity of a sculptural grouping, carrying garlands, casting flowers, etc. vina - A flute, kind of a musical instrument. vigraha fae - Human form of god and animals like mukhalinga, Narvaraha, garuna etc. in human form. vyala - A mythical composite animal, of leonine form but often endowed with wings and possessing the heads of a large variety of animals and birds. yagyopavita यज्ञोपवीत - Same as upavita. yoga - Indian system of meditative discipline. yogapatta - A piece of cloth tied around the legs in order to support the lifted knee. yogasana-yogic seated posture. For Private and Personal Use Only yogini - female practitioner of yoga, endowed with supernatural power. Page #99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 90 www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary Archaeology Archaeology is the unwritten history of the man of that dark ages when he has to seek his own resources for fulfilling his daily need. That man of the past has passed through many cultural transformations since then. Archaeology has assumed much importance during the present time. The archaeological studies have unearthed those cultures which lay unnoticed in the remains belonging to past thousands years. According to W.W. Tylor archaeology is a method which collects cultural informations adopting modern methods. The main aim of archaeology is to collect more and more information about the pre-literate human society. Among the archaelogical material stone-made implements, pieces of pottery, bones and metal-made things are counted. The archaelogist adopts several methods to enearth the cultures of the past. Among these the survey, excavation, analysis and interpretation and report writing deserve mention. During the begining of the 19th century the archaeologists have contributed a lot in the development of archaeological studies. The present dictionary contains all the much terms of archaeology and gives their Hindi meaning to enable the student to grasp proper sense of the term. It is hoped that the present work will prove helpful to the students and the general beaders. For Private and Personal Use Only Archaeology is a science which has developed its own terminology plaraseology and methods. The knowledge of these technical terms is essential for the student as well as for the general reader. Page #100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Archaeological Terms androsphinic apocryphal analysis anthropologn absolute dating abatement academic archaelogy alabastram albronze an ansate cross antepagmanta appwi backed blade battered backed blade birch bark manuscript bore core boulder box-grave (cist-grave) Archaeological Terms www.kobatirth.org breast plate built-in storage bin buried feature A - - - - - B - - · - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir नरव्याल अज्ञात लेखकीय विश्लेषण मानव विज्ञान निरपेक्ष तिथि निर्धारण कृंतन, निहनन शैक्षिक पुरातत्व इत्रदानी, सुगंधि कूपी मिश्र कांस्य कांस्य मंजूषा पाशांकित क्रूस सज्जित द्वारोपांत वेदिका शीर्ष, प्राचीर शीर्ष इकधार फलक (चकमक ) निप्रवणाफलक (चकमक ) भोजपत्र पांडुलिपि विल्द क्रोड गोलाश्म बक्साकार कब्र ताबूती कब्र कबन्द अंतनिर्मित धान्य शेष भूमिगत लक्षण For Private and Personal Use Only 91 Page #101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 92 cable molding cairn burial canopic jar capital pillar carafe cardial pottery carinated carolithic column carving casket cast coin cast in die canedron cave deposit cave earthe ढक्कनदार कलश सशीर्ष स्तंभ सुराही शुक्ति रेखांकित मृदभांड नौतली कमरखी पर्णालंकृत स्तंभ नक्काशी, तक्षण मंजूषा caspiae portal (caspian gates ) - कैस्पीद्वार cassock cassolette cave mouth cave painting cave resort cave true cavity wall cellarino www.kobatirth.org celt celtic field celtic pottery C 1 - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir रज्जुसज्जापट्टी संगौरा शवाधान चुरल चोगा सिंगारदान ढ़ला हुआ सिक्का ढाचे में ढले देग, कड़ाह गुहा निक्षेप गुहा निक्षेप Technical Dictionary गुहा- मुख गुहाचित्रण गुहा गृह अंध गुहा कोटर भित्ति For Private and Personal Use Only ग्रीवा आदिम कुल्हाड़ी केल्टिक क्षेत्र केल्टिक मृदमांड Page #102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 93 ceremic - मृत्तिका कला cess post - कल कुंड chalice - पान पात्र chalcedony केल्सोटोनी सिक्थस्फटिक chamber tomb - गृह तुंब chatie perronian culture - शैतलपिरोनी संस्कृति check area (baulk) - जांच क्षेत्र cheddar point चैल्डर बेधनी chert - चकमक clandestine digging - चौर्य खनन clipeus खेटक, बडी ढाल (क्लीपेयस) clea veg - विदारणी clove hilch - लवंग ग्रंथि, लौंगिया गांठ clunch - मंडी मिट्टी, कच्चा पत्थर cluster analysis - ढ़ेरी विश्लेषण clustered column - स्तंभ गुच्छा, गुच्छित स्तंभ coffer - अंतफलक coiled pottery कुंडलित मृदभांड collared breed - हंसलीदार मनका columba - कपोताकार पात्र columbarium - भूगर्भित अस्थिभस्मावान cone attachment - शंकुजोड़ contracted burial - संकुचित शवाधान convience types of certifices - शिल्प उपकरणों का सुविधाजनक प्रकार classical archaeology शास्त्रीय पुरातत्व coordinate grid - समन्वित जालक copperage - ताम्रयुग For Private and Personal Use Only Page #103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 94 Technical Dictionary हृदयाकार cordiform crater cream slipped ware cremation uru cremation burial cribbing crocket crock cromer cromleck crook-ard cross dating cross direction cross find crosslined bown cross nimbus cross bar crucible crusted cuddalore stone cultural type cumulative histogram cup mark cyclone cellar cylinder seal cymatium - मोतियालिप वाले भांड - दाह कलश अस्थिभस्माधान - खुदाई के समय की अस्थली रेखा बेलबूंटा-बेलबूंटादार - मृदापात्र - क्रोमर - शिला स्मारक (क्रोमलेक) वक्र कुदाली - कालप्रति निर्धारण अनुप्रस्थ दिशा आडी दिशा प्रति प्राप्ति आडी रेखावाला प्याला - कूस प्रभावली - सब्बल, रंभा - कुठाली, मूषा - पपड़ीदार - कुडालोर पत्थर - सांस्कृति प्रारूप - संचयी आयत चित्र - चषक चिन्ह - तलघर - बेलनदार मुद्रा - कपोतसज्जा, शीर्ष For Private and Personal Use Only Page #104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 95 dating method deck diaconicum diaper diaper ornament diaphanous dibble dictyothelon dilapidated condition disc barrow donative inscription double conventional lotus double dome double quarked bead drab slip dust bomb काल निर्धारण प्रणाली काष्ठ चत्वर पात्र भंडार शतरंजी शतरंजी अलंकरण पारदर्शक खोंसनी, फाली, छित्र नालीदार चिनाई जीर्ण शीर्ण अवस्था बिम्वाकार स्तूप - दानलेख - विश्व कमल गुम्बद - दुहरा कटावदार मनका - मटमैला लेप - सूखा क्षेत्र early archaealogy ear ornament eaves eozoic elster glacicel ecological approach ecological method effigy mound egg-shell porcelain - पूर्वकालीन पुरातत्व - कर्णभूषण छज्जा आद्य महाकल्प - एलसार हिमयुग - पारिस्थितिक उपागम - धारघर्षण - प्रतिकाय टीला - अंडबल्मपोर्सिलेन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 96 Technical Dictionary egorai ware egyptian fabrics embossed in low relief enamelled ware encaustic tile engrave engraving enrichment epigraphic figure epigraphic monument episk-opoi (over seer) epistolographic epitaph eskimo archaeology etched bead ethnoarchaeology enstatic factor excavation exhumation extensive excavation extreme unaction (in christian religion) ecolithic age इगोरी भाण्ड मिस्त्री पट कम उभरे (ठप्पे चित्र) मीने के भांड दग्ध मीनाकारी खोदना, उत्कीर्ण उत्कीर्णन अलंकरण पुरालेखीय चित्र - पुरालेखीय स्मारक सर्वेक्षक - पत्र लेखन सम्बन्धी समाधि लेख - एस्कीमो पुरातत्व रेखित मनका जाति पुरातत्व विज्ञान - सुस्थिर क्षेत्र तत्व - उत्खनन शवोत्खनन विस्तृत उत्खनन - मरणकालीन लेप - उषः पाषाण युग For Private and Personal Use Only Page #106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 97 - क्रिस्टल विशेषण fabric analysis (pelographic analysis) fabricator faceted tool facettes false portal fan vaulting palm vaulting farces fascia board feldspar fenestella fenestration fictile fiddle idol field archaeology fielded panel field excavator field recording field research figure curved in relief figure in the round figure figure stone figurine flauron figury - विश्चक उपकरण - फलकित औजार - स्तंभअनीक - . छद्मद्वार, चित्रद्वार - पंखाकार छत - पंखाकार छत - कुल्हाड़ी हत्था - ओलती पट्ट फेल्सपार गवाक्षिका - वातायन विन्यास अभिघटय मृत्तिका बेला मूर्ति - प्रायोगिक पुरातत्व - उमरादिल्ला, उद्भुतफलक - क्षेत्र उत्खनक क्षेत्र अभिलेखन - क्षेत्र अनुसंधान - उद्भुत आकृति - पर्युत्कीर्ण आकृति - चित्रक - आकृति पाषाण - लघु मूर्ति - पुष्पालंकरण - चित्रित For Private and Personal Use Only Page #107 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 98 Technical Dictionary भरत filling filling motif filling process find find spot finial fire drill fire pit firring furring flagon flail flamb flank flask flat platter flat rim flesh rubber flexed burial flint chopping flint dagger flint hand-axe flint projectile flint saw floating coat flourine dating flower vase flush bead स्थानपूरक अलंकरण पूरक प्रक्रम प्राप्त वस्तु प्राप्त स्थान शिखांत, कलसी अग्नि बरमा अग्नि कुंड समतलन समतलन सुरापात्र कंडनी. अनाज पीटने की सांटी - प्रकीर्ण पालिश पार्श्व सुराही - चपटी तश्तरी चपटी कोर झांवा, झामक निकुंचित शवाधान चकमक कर्त्तन चकमक छुरा चकमक हस्त कुठार -' चकमक प्रक्षेप्य चकमक चुनाकी पलस्तर का दूसरा लेप फ्लोरीन काल-निर्धारण मंगलघट - समतल मनका For Private and Personal Use Only Page #108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 99 fluted flying pose foliated capital footing forehead ornament foreshaft foundation deposit fresco frieze rail frieze funerary structure - नाली युक्त - उत्प्लुति मुद्रा, विद्याधरी मुद्रा - पर्णालंकृत स्तंभ-शीर्ष - नींव का खसका - ललाटिका, टीका, बोरला - शरदंडाग आधार निक्षेप - भित्ति चित्र - मध्य पट्टी - चित्र वल्लरी - शवाधान निर्माण garden tomb geometric form geomatric ornament gesture of meditation glacio archaeology glass paper glazed ware globular beaker glyph glyptotheca goblet godroon (gadroon) golgotha gradetto gradine gradino - उद्यान तुंब ज्यामितीय आकृति ज्यामितिक अलंकरण ध्यान मुद्रा हिमयुग पुरातत्त्व रेगमाल चमकदार बर्तन गोल चंचुक - उच्चित्र कला भवन - प्याला, चषक - कमरख अलंकरण - शवाधिष्ठान - पट्टी सज्जा - दांतेदार छेनी - सोपान मुखालंकरण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 100 graffitte grave grave furniture gravel terrace grave markers "graven" image grave plundering gravette point green stone axe green ware griddle grid system griffin groin grooved ground tool gudivada pottery guided tour gumetnita pottery greal ice age www.kobatirth.org - · - I 1 t 11 U Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary भित्ति आरेख कब्र शवाधि उपस्कर जकी उत्तल शवाधि सूचक उत्कीर्ण मूर्ति For Private and Personal Use Only शाधि लुंटन ग्रवेती बेधनी हरितप्रस्तर कुठार कच्चा भांड तवा जालक पद्धति सपक्ष सिंह चापांतर खांचेदार घर्षण उपकरण गुडीवाडा मृदभांड निर्देशित पर्यटन गुमेलनिता भांड महान् हिमयुग Page #110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 101 hache चकमक कुठारी hack गैंती, फावडा, खनित्र haematite (hematite) हेमाटाइट haft मूठ, दस्ता halation प्रभाव विकीर्णन halicarnassus - समाधि, मकबरा handled bowl हत्थेदार प्याला hand pose. हस्तमुद्रा hatchment शस्त्रांकित पट्टिका, कुलचिन्हांकित ढाल hathori हथौड़ी heart shaped motif हृदयाकार अभिप्राय heb-shed हेबशेढ़ helicline चक्करदार ढलान heliolithick सौर पाषाण hellėdic culture - हेलेडिक संस्कृति hemitriglyph - अर्द्धविनाली heraldic device सामुधांक herringrove pattern खजूर पत्राकृति hexastyle - षट्-स्तंभी hearoglyphic characters चित्रलिपि, चित्राक्षर hieroglyphic liner characters - चित्रात्मक रेखीय लिपि hieroglyphic scrip चित्रात्मक लिपि hierogram पवित्र प्रतीक high drum उच्च गोलाकार hill jar शांकब घट board wealth विधि For Private and Personal Use Only Page #111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 102 Technical Dictionary hod hoe hollow-based arrow head holidom hollow bastion hollow relief holoane horizon style horizontal group humped bule hatch hut-urn hydria hydration hypogean cave horizontal excavation historical archaeology - तराला, तगारी कुदाल - पोला बाणाग्र पवित्र वस्तु खोसला गरवाज कूप उद्भूत सर्व नूतनकल्प क्षैतिज शैली - समस्तरीय समूह कुकुदमान वृषभ पात्रपिटक कुटिराकार अस्थिकलश - घट जलयोजन अधोभूमिक गुहा - क्षैतिज उत्खनन - ऐतिहासिक पुरातत्त्व interpretation ideographic script immanent impanation impervious coating inaccessible records incised reliei incised ware incising tool incrusted pottery integrating point व्याख्या भावलिपि अन्तर्वर्ती सन्निवेशन - अप्रवेश्य लेपन - अनधिगम्य अभिलेख - उत्कर्तित उद्भूत - उत्कर्तित भांड - उत्कर्तन औजार - पर्पटित मृद भांड (पपडीदार) - संयोजन केन्द्र For Private and Personal Use Only Page #112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 103 jade jagged edge jhangar culture jhukar culture joggle - हरिताश्म - दांतेदार धार - झांगर संस्कृति - झूकर संस्कृति - ढंतुरीकरण kaolin kashani work knee shaft - चीनी मिट्टी - कसानी कारीगरी ___- कोणदंड lance large scale excavation larnex larnex burial lattice lead seal leaf and dart ornament lecythus ledged (side fabowl) ledger lenticular boss lesser signet liana design lion gate lipped bowl little toe भाला-कुंत विक्तृर्ण खुदाई मिट्टी का ताबूत - शवाधानी दफन जाली शीशा मुद्रा - पर्णकार अलंकरण कुप्पी - कगरीदार समापर्क शिला - नेत्राकार फल्ला लघुमुद्रा वल्लरी अभिकल्प सिंहद्वार - अम्बडदार कसेरा - पाद कनिष्ठांगुली For Private and Personal Use Only Page #113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 104 Technical Dictionary loam lock ring loculus long tomb long burrow long trench lotiform ornament lower arm lyngby axe - दुमट - केशपाश समाधि कोष्ठ दारु तुम्ब लंबस्तूप लम्बी खाई पद्मालकरण निचली बाहु - लिंगबी कुठार M . maen-hir magatama maggot decoration magnetic dating magnetic prospecting manaia mantel median spine meditative pose megalith megaron mehi phase merlon meso-relief metomorphic rock metrical stratigraphy mexican pottery micaeeous एकाश्म स्मारक - मगाटामा कीट अलंकरण चुम्बकीय काल निर्धारण - चंबकीय सर्वेक्षण उकड़ी बैठी मूर्ति अंगीठी ताक - मध्य उभाररेखा ध्यानासन महापाषाण मैगारोन मेही अवस्था कंगूरा, कपिशीर्ष - मध्यउद्भुत कार्यान्तरित शैल मापीय स्तरित शैल विज्ञान मैक्सिकी मृद्भाण्ड - अभ्रकी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 105 micro blade micro core micro graver microlithic forms micro lithic implement micro-neolithic culture micro-paleontology mid-rib mid-rib dagger milling stone culture mimbres art minted metal coins minian ware miocene epoch miolithic mixoneolithic culture monumental archaelogy mote-hill mound mound-builder people multifoil multivallate fort mural art murus gallicus moraines mycenaean mesolithic age mesozoic लघुफलक सूक्ष्म हार - सूक्ष्म टांकी सूक्ष्म पाषाण नमूने सूक्ष्माश्म उपकरण सूक्ष्म नवाश्म संस्कृति . सूक्ष्म जीवाश्मिकी - मध्यशिरा - पसलीदार कटार - पेषणी संस्कृति - मिम्ब्रेस कला ढलीधातु के सिक्के मिनियायी भांड मध्यनूतन युग उत्तर पुरापाषाणयुगीन मिश्रनापाषाण संस्कृति स्मारक पुरातत्व टीला टीला - स्तूप निर्माता लोग - बहुसार, बहुदल - बहुप्राचीर दुर्ग - भित्ति कला शैलिक भित्ति हिमोढ़ - माईसीनियन सभ्यता - मध्यपाषाण काल - मध्यजीव पुराकला For Private and Personal Use Only Page #115 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 106 national relic neck molding newel niche-burial non-stratified notched beak mundara style neozoic neolithic age oak-coffin burial object card occus ochre coloured ware (OCW) ochre-nashed ware odeon oenochoe ogival dagger olpe www.kobatirth.org oltenian pottery open-air site orangutan man orie ossnary ostracon ovate hand-axe N - - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary राष्ट्रीय अवशेष ग्रीवा सज्जा सोपान स्तंभ देवली शवाधान अस्तरित खांचेदार चंचु मुन्डारा शैली नवजीवन महाकल्प नवपाषाण काल वंजु पेटिका शवाधान वस्तु पत्रक भोजशाला गैरिक मृदभाण्ड गेरुए बर्तन संगीत कक्ष प्रेक्षागृह सुरापात्र नुकीली कटार सुराही आल्लेनी भांड For Private and Personal Use Only खुला स्थल औरंगउटेन मानव संकडी पट्टी अस्थि पात्र मृदलेख पट्ट अंडाकार हस्त कुठार Page #116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Archaeological Terms over cloak ovolo ovoid ovum oxygen isotope analysis painted decoration painted grey ware palace portrees palaeographer paleolith palaeontological method palaelithic age paleoserology palladion palliotto palstave pampre www.kobatirth.org parapithecus parcel gilt parietal art paste bead pre-historic archaeology paten pearl shell inlaid bown peat pecking mark pectoral ornament peeling - P - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir शीतावरण गोला अंडाभ अंडालंकरण उपेक्सीजन आहसो टोप विश्लेषण प्रलेपित अलंकरण चित्रित फूसर मृदभाण्ड गढ़ी पुरालिपिई जीवाश्म प्रणाली पुरापाषाण काल पुरालसी विज्ञान पैलेडिओन वेदि आवरण पालस्टेव द्राक्षालंकरण अल्पनवयुगीन आंशिक स्वर्णरंजित भित्तिकला कायित मनका प्रागैतिहासिक पुरातत्व रकाबी सीपलटिक कटोरा पंक, दलदल टंकण चिन्ह उर अलंकरण सारापनयन For Private and Personal Use Only 107 Page #117 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 108 Technical Dictionary pallet bow pallet eye pinannular brooch pendant chain pentacle perforated jar petrified petrifier petrograph petuntse pewter phelloplastic phoenix piazza pictorial relief pigmentation pigmy flint pillar edict pilum pewdal cave pise pit-control pithos plain lancepoint plough share buist plug cock plumb pluteus गुलेल धनुष गोलरोत्र छज्जाकार पिन लटकन लड़ी पंचकोण तारा छिद्रित कलश पाषाणीकृत पाषाणकारी शैलचित्र - चीनी मिट्टी कांस्य आकृति उत्कीर्ण (कर्णिक) अपराक्षी आच्छादित वीथि चौक चित्र उद्भूति वर्णकला छोटा चकमक स्तंभ लेख बडी बर्थी पिन्डाल गुफा - मृत स्कंध, गौंदा गर्त नियंत्रण - ढोलाकार वर्णन सादे भाले की नोक - फालचक्र टोंटी - साहुल (सीसा भांड) प्राकारिका For Private and Personal Use Only Page #118 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Archaeological Terms poitrel polished stone implement pollen analysis palliniferous deposit polychrome polygonal cist polygonal soil porcelain porphry port-hole cist preliterate post-mold posture pot-burial pottery uru pre-istocene age propylaesum prostas protoma palaeozoic proto-morph proto molithic culture prove nanche pulto www.kobatirth.org pyramid pyriform process pleistocene - - - - - m - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir अश्व कवच ओपयुक्त पाषाण उपकरण पराग विश्लेषण परागयुक्त निक्षेप बहुवर्ण, बहुरंगी बहुभुजी शवपेटिका बहुभुज मिट्टी चीनी मिट्टी पोर्फि गवाक्ष शव पेटिका प्राक्लिपिक स्थूणावशेष मुद्रा भांड शवाधान मृदा अस्थि कलश प्रातिनूतन काल सिंहद्वार उपकक्ष अर्द्ध मंडप पशु आग्रीव अलंकरण पुराजीव महाकल्प आद्यरुप अद्यनवपाषाण संस्कृति मूलस्रोत प्राप्तिस्थल नग्नशिशु पिरामिड बीरुप पेटिका प्रातिनूतन कल्प For Private and Personal Use Only 109 Page #119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 110 Technical Dictionary quadrant excavation - चतुष्कोण उत्खनन R radiography rail coping rampart lion random excavation random rubble masonary range finder rate of sedimentation recessed image reeto red slipped pottery reed shroud reel and bead border reentrant angle relief carving relief figure relief pattern religious art reliquary remnant rescue operation resident dig retroversion angle reversed stratigraphy rhombus rhyparography ribbon spall विकिरण चित्रण मुंडेर उष्णीश झंपी सिंह यादृच्छ उत्खनन - अनियन्त्रित रोडी चिणाई - परासदी - अवसादन गति - आले में मूर्ति दाहिना पृष्ठ - लाल लेप वाले बर्तन नरमुक्त मृतावरण - गरारी और गुकिया का बेल अंतर्विष्ट कोण उभरी नक्काशी उभरी आकृति - उभरा नमूना धार्मिक कला - पुरावशेष मंजूषा अवशिष्ट उद्धार उत्खनन - स्थायी खुदाई - पश्चनति कोण प्रतिलोम स्तर-विन्यास - चौकोर आकृति अश्लील चित्रण - पट्टी खंड For Private and Personal Use Only Page #120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 111 ribbing rifle - फांकेदार बनाना - धूसर रंग अंबढ, किनारा गोल खाई rim पेंढी ring ditch ring foot (pottery) ringlet ring stone riparian rippled badarian vase ripple mark rocker marked rock tomb rolled glass rosace rosette restral column rostrocarinate tool rouleted decoration rouletted ware rounded axe royal shield royal tomb ruins rusticated pottery relative dating केश कुंडलिका वलय प्रस्तर अनुनद सभ्यता लहरदार बडंकी कलश - लहर चिन्ह - झूला अंकित शैल तुम्ब वैल्लित कांच - वलयाकार अलंकरण - पाटला अलंकरण नौकीर्ति स्तंभ - चंचुमुखी औजार - चक्रिल अलंकरण - चक्रिल भांड वर्तुल कुंठार - राज चिन्हित ढाल - शाही मकबरा - भग्नावशेष - खुरदई मृदभाण्ड - सापेक्ष तिथि निर्धारण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 112 Technical Dictionary - आसिदन्त अवतल चक्की भट्टी sabertooth saddle back quern sagger salvaging of antiquitees sand hill sandia sawn tool scallop scalloped axe-head scalloped decoration scarlet ware scena scimitar scooped enclosure scraper scratch plough sculptured figure sculptured tomb sculpturesque scythe seal-off. seated image secondary burial secondary interment section excavation segment excavation semi elliptical dental arch - पुरावशेष उद्धार - बाल टिब्बा खंढ़िया - ऋकचित उपकरण नखाकार - नखाकार कुठाराग्र नखाकार अलंकरण लोहे के भांड परिधान कक्ष खड़ग प्रोत्खनित बाडा - खुरचनी नखर हल - तक्षित आकृति - तक्षित मकबरा - मूर्ति सदृश - दंराती - · स्तर-पिधान - आसीन मूर्ति द्वितीयक शवाधान. द्वितीयक दफन खंड उत्खनन खंड उत्खनन - अर्द्धदीर्घ वृतीय दंतचाप For Private and Personal Use Only Page #122 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Archaeological Terms sepulcharal chalice sequence dating serrated blade shaft shaft grave shaft straighteness sharp end shatter lines sheet-gold ornament sheet metal shell work sherd short blade industry shouldered arrow head sigel silica simulacrum shinker notch pebble site card site locus skewomorphic skewer skin driver slash www.kobatirth.org slate-palette slaughter sone sledge sledge hammer slight curve - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir समाधि कटोरा अनुक्रम काल निर्धारण दंतुकित फलक स्तंभ, दंड गर्त कब्र शरकाजुक तीक्ष्णाग्र भजत रेखाएं हेमपत्रालंकरण धातु चादर क्षुक्ति शिल्प ठीकरा लघुफलक उद्योग स्कन्धयुक्त बाणाग्र मुद्रा बालू, सिकता तुंब चित्र दंतुरित गुटिकाश्म स्थल कांड स्थल संस्थिति पात्र उपकरण अलंकरण सींक अमावत गोताखोर कोर स्लेट पट्टिका बलि प्रस्तर हिमगाड़ी धन सूक्ष्म भंगिका For Private and Personal Use Only 113 Page #123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 114 Technical Dictionary sling - गोफिया sling ball - गोफन गोली sling stone गोफन पत्थर slippai pottery लेपित भांड sludge tank - अवसाद हौज snare-trap - फंदापोश soaker - आचूषक solar radiating method of dating -सौर विकिरण प्रणाली तिथिज्ञान solid scripture - ठोस मूर्ति sounding - तलाबगाहन spacer अंतरक spade-ard - कुदाली spatial temporal continum देशकाल सातल spatula - प्रलेपनी spatulate implement चमचाकार उपकरण speleology - गुफा विद्या spindle whorl - तकुंआ चक्री splayed axe - पेलुआ कुठार splintered rock - खंडित शिला spilet base खंडिताधार spoke shave गोल रंदा spondylus - शंख आभूषण spout - ढूंटी . spouted bowl - टोंटीदार प्याला square method - वर्ग तरीका squat shouder pot - बैठी गर्दनवाला भांड stalaetiform motif हिमखंबी अभिप्रय standard ware - मानक भांड For Private and Personal Use Only Page #124 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Archaeological Terms statue menhir steatile seal steumed axe step flaking stepped platform steppe phase stirrup mouthed jar stone ware storage bin strape handle survey surface indication stratified excavation stratigraphical evidence strepy culture strepy gird sub-conical mound substantive trench summer dig supine burial swallow tailed blade swept back horn swiderian culture soil-analysis solar-radiation www.kobatirth.org - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir मूर्तिराकाश खेलखड़ी मुद्रा दंडयुक्त कुठार सोपान सलान गतावनत पृष्ठ स्टेवी प्रावस्केप रकाबमुखी भांड प्रस्तर भांड बखार पट्टेनुमा हत्था सर्वेक्षण तलचिन्ह संकेत स्तरित उत्खनन स्तर प्रमाण स्ट्रेपी संस्मृति रज्जुजालक अर्द्धशंकु टीका मुख्य खाई ग्रीष्म उत्खनन उर्ध्वमुख वाधान अवाबीलपुच्छ फलक पृणत सींग स्वीडेरी संस्मृति मृदा विश्लेषण सौर विकिरण For Private and Personal Use Only 115 Page #125 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 116 tablet table ware tabular flint tachymeter tamped earth tang (of a knife) tankard tapettery tarpaulin takonomy text aided archaeology tempered sword terrazzo terristrial deposit test trench testudo www.kobatirth.org thermoluminescence three dimensional recording time recknoning method tip line top frieze top soil toternette travois treasure hunting trenching tool triangulation T - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Technical Dictionary तख्ती, सिल्ली खाने के बर्तन सपाट चकमक यूरोत्संघमापी भरी हुई जमीन चूल पानपात्र चित्रपट्ट तिरपाल वर्गीकरण विज्ञान For Private and Personal Use Only पाठययुक्त पुरातत्व पानी चढ़ी तलवार मणि कुट्टिम स्थलीय निक्षेप परीक्षण खाई महराबी छत चाप छत ताप संदीप्ति त्रिविमिय अभिलेखन कालगणना विधि सीमान्त रेखा शीर्ष चित्रवल्लरी धरातल मृदा चाक शकटी निधि खनन खनित्र उपकरण त्रिभुजन Page #126 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Archaeological Terms 117 tribithon trim trio-quarto system triped temperate zone tubular support turf lone typology tertiary त्रिपाषाणी संवारना त्रिचतुः प्रणाली तिपाठ - समशीतोष्ण कटिबन्ध - नालटेक - दूर्वा रेखा प्रारूप विधि - तृतीयक ultraviolet photography umbrella stone unaerateo deposit unbaked clay undecipherable inscription undefined stone age under coat undercut rim unetice pottery unilateral barbed harpoon urn urn field ushabto - पराबैंगनी फोटोग्राफी - छत्रपाषाण अवातित निक्षेप कच्ची मिट्टी - अपाठय लेख अनिर्धारित पाषाण युग - निचली परत - तलोच्छिल शेर युनेहिल पोटरी . - एकपार्श्विक कंटक हारपून कलश - कलश क्षेत्र ममी के साथ कब्र में रखी जाने वाली For Private and Personal Use Only Page #127 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 118 vaal technique vertical excavation vignette vignette decoration wheel-made xylograph yamstick yayoi culture www.kobatirth.org zeccab zhob culture V W X xoanon प्राचीन यूनान में तक्षित मूर्ति x-ray crystallographic method - एक्सकिरण क्रिस्टल संरचनात्मक प्रणाली काष्टोत्कीर्ण मूर्ति - Y Z Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir बालटेक्नीक लंबमान उत्खनन लघुचित्र लघुचित्र आलंकरण चाकनिर्मित Technical Dictionary खनित्री, खंती यायोयी संस्कृति For Private and Personal Use Only खेतप जोब कल्चर (बलोचिस्तान) Page #128 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Archaeological Terms end scraper round scraper corvex concave scraper borer points trapezaid burin lenticulate flake pierars lunates cairn circle dolmen menpir sympathetic majic moliar art parietal art adze chisel fatericata mullers megalith www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Additional Words नुकीला खुरचन यंत्र गोल खुरचन यंत्र उत्तल खुरचन यंत्र अवतल खुरचन यंत्र बेधक खुरचन यंत्र बेधनी समलम्बाभ खुरचनी दांतेदार फलक छेदक यंत्र अर्द्धचंद्राकार फलके केर्न सराकल आयताकार समाधियाँ समाधि सादृश्य मूलक जादू सचल कला गुफा कला (एली) वसूला छेनी लोढा महामापाटा For Private and Personal Use Only 119 Page #129 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 120 www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts The subject of fine arts is very fascinating and vast. Man has always admired the charm of nature around him. He has tried to emulate the works of nature in his artistic creation. Even from the tribal stage man has experienced the softening influence of nature. The earliest paintings of the prehistoric date are found in caves all over the world. Man had an observant eye and the trained hand even at the primitive stage. "The colours chosen, the movement portrayed and the expression suffused in the pictures are really marvellous things. These paintings give us a picture of life in those faroff days. Abduction shoulder splint Abraum Absorbent ground Abstract expressionism Abstractionism Abstract style Academic painting Academicism Technical Dictionary Art had permeated life in ancient India so every man and woman had a good knowledge of it. The fine arts were cultivated as a pastime and painting being an easier medium than modelling and sculpture was more readily preferred. The nagaraka or a cultivated man was expected to have a good collection of pictures in his house. He should have had a painting board and a casket full of brushes. In short Fine Arts created a joy and filled anyone's life with mirth and merriment. Fine Arts Terms A For Private and Personal Use Only स्कन्धापवर्तक स्पिलंट गेरु अवशोषक भूमि अमूर्त अभिव्यंजकतावाद अमूर्त चित्रण अमूर्त शैली पारंपरिक चित्रण शास्त्रीयता Page #130 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Fine Arts Terms Acanthus Accessory Accidental Accroidesgum Achilles Achromatic lens Achromatic Actionmeter paper Actionnemeter Action painting Ada group Adamantine Adeux crayons Adjustable ruler Adrianople red Adulterant Aerial perspective Aestheticm African wallnut After cast Agglutinant Air brush Air drain Alabasler Album painting Alexjejevite Alkanet Alla prima Alloy www.kobatirth.org - - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir कंटकीपर्णक ( अलंकरण ) आकैंथस - उपसाधन आकस्मिक छायाप्रभाव अक्रायटीज गोंद अकीलीज अवर्णक लैंस अवर्णक वर्णकक्रियामापी (फोटो) काग्स वर्णक क्रियामापी एक्टिनो मीटर आवचित्र, क्रियाचित्र आडा समुदाय वज्रकांति दुरंगा खड़िया चित्रांकन समायोजक रेखक एड्रियानोपेल लाल उपमिश्रक आकाशी परिप्रेक्ष्य सौंदर्य चित्रण अफ्रीकी अखरोट अनुनिर्मित मूर्ति आसंजक द्रव्य फुहार रंजित, हवा बुरुश वायु निस्सारक सेलखड़ी, एलवास्टर अलबम चित्र 121 एलेक्सजेजेविटी मेहंदी रंग सद्य चित्रण मिश्रधातु For Private and Personal Use Only Page #131 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 122 Technical Dictionary ऐंबर Almagra - अलमगरा Almond wood - बादामी काष्ठ Aloes wood अगरू Alter piece वेदि तट Almina • एल्युमिना Alminography स्फटीलेखन Amalthea समृद्धिश्रृंग Amassette अव्यवसायी Arnber Amasement art मनोरंजक कला Anadem शिरोमाला Anaglyptograph निरेखण युक्ति Analogous Colours सदृश वर्ण, समान रंग Analytical Cubism वैश्लेषिक धनाकृतिवाद Anamorphosis रूपामास चित्रण विधि Anastagamatic lens अनविंदुक लैंस Ancona वेदिका अलंकरण Anecdotal art उपाख्यात्मक चित्रण Angle worm lines - कोणकृमि रेखायें Angular perspective drawing - कोणीय परिप्रेक्ष्य लेखन Anomaloscope असंगतिदर्शी Anthrax - पुष्पराग एन्थ्रेक्स Anthropometry - तालमान Antic work विरुपाकृति चित्रण Antworp blue - आयसनील, समुद्री नील Apartment de parade - स्वागत कक्ष Apophyge - स्तंभसंधि गोला Applied decoration - जड़ाऊ अलंकरण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #132 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 123 Appuie-main Aqua-fortis Aqua-marine Aquarelle Aquaresin Aquatint pen Aquatone Araeostyle Architectural sculpture Arcuated architecture Argile Armature Armenian blue Arm palatte Arriccato Artificial dye - टेकदंड तेजाब हरितनील जलवर्ण चित्र अम्ल राजक धोलोत्कीर्णन - एक्वाटोन मुद्रण सार्धत्रय व्यासांत - वास्तु मूर्तिकला तोरणाधृत वास्तु, बहुचापी वास्तु सफेद मिट्टी सन्नाट आर्मिनीलियन नील बाहु फलक दूसरा लेप कृत्रिम रंजक कलाकार अपरिष्कृत लिनन असंदेय राजाश्म तराशा पत्थर स्वरूप, आकृति गोटी, गोला, कलश स्तंभहीन असममिति वर्ण गजनाभ रंग त्रिवर्णवर्तिका चित्रण वंशी आसमानी Artist Art linen Arandel marbles Ashlar Aspect Astragal Astylar Asymmetry colours Atmospheric colour Atrois crayons Aulos Azure For Private and Personal Use Only Page #133 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 124 Technical Dictionary Babul gum Back painting Back view Badigeon Balance Balancing colour Ball flower Balloon Bambexiade Banana oil Banding wheel Barium yellow Baryta water Basalt Basic dye stuff Balloon Battle piece Bay Beaux art Beviling Beveling tool Bichrome Binary alloy Binder Biomorphic art Bird's eye Bite बबूलगम - पृष्ठ चित्रण - पृष्ठ दृश्य - वाडीजन चित्रण जबाब संतुलन रंग कालिका बंध - कुंभ, गोलक - ग्रामीण चित्रण - कदली तेल चाक, खराद लिकुच वर्ण सुधाजल बेसाल्ट आधारिक रंजक द्रव्य थापी युद्धचित्र आला ललित कलाएं प्रवणन रांपी द्विरंगी द्विमिश्र धातु योजक द्रव जीवाकृति कला - खगनत्रनांकित निक्षारण, डंक For Private and Personal Use Only Page #134 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 125 काजल - समिश्रक Black gas Blender Bloom Blow over Blottesque Blunt brush Boasting Boasting chisel Bobbin method Bodied linseed oil Boby stain Bonnet board Bort Boss Boucharde Boulle Bonquet Bowenite Bow-pen Bow string roof Brumen blue Brick red Bringing up Bristol board Brocade Bronze disease Brush Buckling - फुत्लिका विध्मात कांच मोटा काम - रुक्ष तूलिका - प्रथम तक्षण - बडी सखानी - फिरगी प्रणाली - गाढ़ा अलसी तेल मृदा विवर्णक, कपिश - खुलने बन्द होने वाला बोर्ड कुटीर - ककुद अलंकरण दांतेदार हथौड़ा - खचित गृहोपस्कर फूलों का गुच्छा सर्पिल राजाश्म धनुर्लेखनी धनुाछत ब्रेमेन नील इष्टक लाल रंग चमकाना ब्रिस्टल फलक - जरी, कमख्वाब कांस्य दोष तूलिका - बुदबुदी सतह For Private and Personal Use Only Page #135 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 126 Technical Dictionary Bur Burin Burnish Bust Buttress - खांचा - तक्षणी, उत्कीर्णक . पालिशदार सतह आवक्ष पुश्ता, वप्र Cabinet drawing Cabinet picture Caen stone Calcography Callipyga Camaien Cant . Cap Carbon black Cartoonist Carving Casemate Cassel yellow Cast Casting clay Çasting plaster Cast shadow Cast stone Cave painting Cavo relievo hallow relief Celure . केबिनेट आरेखण केबिनेट चित्र - सेन अश्म - ताम्रचित्रण - नितंबनी - इकरंगी चित्र - कोण, प्रवणतल शीर्ष काजल व्यंगचित्रकार तक्षण इन्द्रकोष हरितालवर्ण ढालना - ढलाई मिट्टी - ढ़ालने का प्लास्टर क्षिप्रच्छाया चित्रण ढला पत्थर - गुहा चित्रकला गहरा उद्धृत उदभुत - उभरी नक्काशी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #136 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 127 दूला Centering Ceramist Cerography Chalking Chamfer Channel black Chassis Chemigraphy Chinille Cherry Chairoscuro Chisel cut technique Chisseling Chrome Chrome pigment Chrome red Cinnabar Cinquefoil Cipolino Ciseleur Claude glass Clavibux Clay filler Closed space Cloud band Coating Coelanaglyphic Cogging - मृत्तिकाशिल्पी मोमचित्र रूपरेखांकन पख काजल - चौखटा त्रिशारण - शनील चेरीलाल - छाया प्रकाश योजना खांचेदार तकनीक तक्षण वर्णक कृत्रिम वर्णक क्रोमलाल रस सिंदूर - पंचपर्णी चितकबरा धातुतक्षण क्लाड ग्लास संगीताभ वर्ण चित्रण रंगमंदी कारक आवृत स्थान मेघपट्टी परत - गहरा उद्भूत - अनुरेखण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #137 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 128 Technical Dictionary - नील प्रमुख रंग - वर्ण,रंग वर्णधोलोत्कीर्ण वर्ण विरोध वर्ण विन्यास वर्ण गतिकी रंगीन धोलोत्कीर्ण वर्ण प्रभा वर्ण सान्द्र सामाधी - वर्ण मेल - रंग मेल Cold colour Colour Colour aquatint Colour contrast Colour design Colour dynamics Coloured aquatint Colour glow Colourimeter Colour matching Colour mixing Colour perspective Colour retouching Colour unity Commercial art Concave relief Conceptual colour Console Contained shadow Contrast effect Conversational Coping Corona Cosmorama Craquelure Crawling Crayon drawing Crazing - वर्ण परिप्रेक्ष्य रंग सुधारण वर्ण एकता _वाणिज्य कला अवतल उद्धृत संप्रत्यक्ष्यात्मक वर्ण शुक नासिका खगत छाया विरोध प्रभाव समूह चित्र उष्णीश, मुंडेर मुकुट विश्वदृश्यावली भंगाभासन अपूर्ण काचन - वर्तिका चित्रण - लेप चटकना For Private and Personal Use Only Page #138 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 129 आडा तिरछा चित्रण . छांटना Criss-cross Cropping Cross dyeing Cubism Cutoff Cyanic colours - एकांतर रंजन - धन चित्रण शैली विभेदक रेखा - नील हरित Dabber Damaseene Dark colour Dapping Dark colour Dark line Dead clay Decorative style Deep relief Demi relief Darby red Diorama Display Divisionism Dodging Dominant colour Dotted print Double Double end tool Draft Drawing board - कुंची - धातुपच्चीकारी - गहरा रंग उप्पाकारी - गहरा रंग - काली रेखा - सुखाई हुई मिट्टी - अलंकारमय शैली - गहरा उद्भूत अर्धउद्भूत डार्बीलाल - त्रिविध प्रदर्श - सज्जा बिन्दु चित्रवाद - प्रकाशाव रोछन प्रभावी वर्ण - बिंदुमित चित्र अनुबद्ध अलंकरण - द्विमुखी आकार आरेखण आरेखण पट्ट For Private and Personal Use Only Page #139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 130 Drenching Drop out Dross Dry colour Dust ground Earth colour Earthy colour Easel Eccentric figure Ectype Ectypography Effigy Egg tempera Electrun Elevation Embossing Emulsion colours Enamel Enamelling Encaustic painting Epigone Epigraph Esquisse Estheticism Etched figure Etching ground Extender www.kobatirth.org 1 - E - । 1 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir अम्ल प्रक्षालन प्रकाशी भाग लौहमल शुष्क वर्ण रेतीला अस्तर Technical Dictionary खनिज रंग मटियाला वर्ण चित्राधार उत्केन्द्र आकृति प्रथम प्रतिरूप उद्घृत रेखण कला पुतला, प्रतिकृति अंडपीत समारंजन राजसुवर्ण उत्सेध, ऊँचाई समुद्भरण पायसीकृत वर्ण मीना मीनाकारी सिक्थवर्णक चित्र युगानुकारी कलाकार पुरालेख For Private and Personal Use Only प्रथम आरूपण सौंदर्यवाद निक्षारित आकृति निक्षारण पीठिका विसानक Page #140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 131 Fabric Fabric painting False biting Fan brush Feather brush Female terracotta figurine Figure Fine art Finger drawing Finger painting Fire marble Fixative Flag stone Flashed Flat colour Flesh Ochre Flower pot Forefinger Foreground Foreshortewing Forest marble Form Formin Fossil wax Foal biting Foundry clay Fractional concept - बनावट वस्त्र चित्रण अनीसित निक्षारण - पंखाकार, कूँची - पंख कूँची - स्त्री मृण्मूर्ति - . चित्र - ललित कला - नख आरेखण - अंगुली चित्रण - कत्थई संगमरमर स्थिरक - पटिया पत्थर ज्वाला विवर्णित सादा रंग • पाण्डुरंग, गैरिक रंग - फूलदार तर्जनी अग्रभूमि अग्र संक्षेपण - बनाभ राजाश्म आकृति फोर्मिन - फोसिल मोम अति निक्षारण - ढ़लाई मृतिका - सावयव प्रत्यय For Private and Personal Use Only Page #141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 132 Frame Free form Fresco painting Fresco colours Fresco secco Friable Frisket paper Frit Fortage Fugitive colour Full colour Fuller's earth Fundamental colours Futurism Gaine Ganosis Grance brun Geat Genre tradition Geometrical art Gesso Gesso panel Gliding Girosol Gis Glair Glass painter www.kobatirth.org · - - - - - G Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir चौखटा स्वाददिष्ट रूप भित्तिचित्र भित्तिचित्र वर्ण सेक्को भित्ति चित्रण Technical Dictionary नरमा भुरभुरा पारदर्शी कागज फ्रिट घर्षण चित्र कर्ण उड़नेवाला रंग पूरा रंग मुलतानी मिट्टी मूल रंग गत्यात्मक चित्रण गेन अवदीपन भंजिष्ठ, भूरा सांचा छेद ग्रामीण चित्रण ज्यामितिक कला दृढ़लेप जेसोपटल सोना चढ़ाना सूर्यकांत मणि For Private and Personal Use Only रेखित चित्र सोने पर स्वर्ण का काम कांच चित्रकार Page #142 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 133 Glitter Glory Glose Gold point Gold yellow Gowache Grouge graver Graduated colour Graffito Graph Graticulation Grave Graver Greasy Grinding slab Ground Guilloche Gusto चमक - स्वर्ग प्रदेश चित्रण ओप, कांति काचनी तूलिका स्वर्णपीत अपारदर्शी वर्ण चित्रण उज उत्कीर्णक क्रमिक वर्णान्तरण पलस्तर पर खुदाई कार्य आलेख - वर्गीयन चित्रण गंभीर टांकी स्निग्ध, चिकना अग्नि शिला जमीन बांधना वेणीरूप सजावट ओज Harrlem school Half relief Head stone Hermahrodite Honing Hot colours - हार्लेम शैली - अर्ध उद्भूत - समाधि शिला - अर्धनारी मूर्ति - शान चढ़ाना - उष्ण रंग Hive . रंग For Private and Personal Use Only Page #143 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 134 Technical Dictionary Iconoclast Idolino Imitative art Impression Ink duct Inlay Inspiration Intaglio Iris grun Isometric colour Isometric drawing प्रतिमाभंजक आइडोलिनो अनुकरण कला प्रभाव, दाव - स्याही वाहिनी जड़ाई का काम प्रेरणा उत्कीर्ण चित्रकारी - इन्द्रवालणी हरित सदृश वर्ण - सममितीय आरेखण Jewel point वज्र कलम Key block - प्रधान काठ ठफा . वेल Lace Laequer ware Landscape Landscape marble Lap Lavendar Lay figure Life drawing Life like - लाक्षाकर्म सामान भूदृश्य, प्रकृति छवि - प्रकृति चित्रकार मणिकारी चित्र - नीललोहित - मानवीय ढांचा - जीव आरेखण - जीता जागता For Private and Personal Use Only Page #144 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 135 आदमकद चित्रण रेखाकार रेखीय परिप्रेक्ष्य - रेखाचित्र Life size Limn Linear Liner perspective Line drawing Line work Line engraving Local colour Loom Luminism Lumonosity Lur रेखांकन रेखा उत्कीर्णन प्रकृत वर्ण करघा प्रकाश प्रभाववाद ज्योति लुर - M Madder brown Manikin Maquette Marine painting Maroon Mars pigment Metal work Melamorphosis Mineral lake Miniature Model light Modelling board Modernist Mokuga Mold - माजिष्ठ भूरा - थानवक - लघु प्रतिरूप - जलीय चित्र नीला कण अंगारक वर्णक - धातुकर्म रूपांतरण रंजक वर्णक लघु चित्र मोडल लाइट प्रतिरूपण पट्ट - आधुनिकतावादी - काष्ठ चित्र - सांचा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #145 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 136 Technical Dictionary Mold burlap Mold facing Mold separator Monolith Montage Mordant Mosaic Moulage Mummy pigment - दृढ़ शणक - लेप चूर्ण - सांचा वियोजक एकाश्म संग्रथित चित्र - स्थापक . - चित्रिल, कुट्टिम - सांचा निर्माण - ममी वर्ण N Naples yellow Narrative art Naturalism Neo-classic Neo-classicism Neo-impressionism Neo-traditionalism Neo-plasticism Numone नेपल्सपील कथाचित्रण कला प्रकृतिवाद नव्य अभिजात नव्यमार्गीय चित्रण नव्य आभास चित्रण नव परंपरावाद - नव्य शैली - वमनी चित्रण Oblique drawing Obverse Occult lines Ochre Oil colour Oil paint Oil painting तिर्यक् रेखांकन अग्रभाग, मुखभाग अदृश्य रेखाएं गैरिक, पांडुर तैल वर्ण - तैल रोगन - तैल चित्रण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #146 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Fine Arts Terms Opacity Opaque screen Optical mixtures Organic colour Orphism Orthographic projection Over-exposure Painted panel Painter master Painting Painting-medium Paint out Palette Palmette Panel Panorma Pantograph Parietal art Pastel Pastose Pattern Pencil drawing Pencil sketch Persian red Pictorial representation Picture gallery Pigment www.kobatirth.org 1 P Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir अपारदर्शिता अपारदर्शी परदा वर्णांतराभासी चित्र जैव वर्ण आवाद लम्बकोणीय प्रक्षेप अति-उद्भासन लेपित फलक चित्राचार्य चित्रकला चित्र - माध्यम वर्ण परीक्षण रंग पट्टिका तालपत्र अलंकरण पट्टिका सर्वदृश्य चित्र आलेखित भित्तिचित्र कला सूखे रंग सांद्रवर्ण चित्रण नमूना, स्वरूप पेन्सिल चित्र वर्तिका आरेख हिरौंजी, विक्टोरियालाल चित्रीकरण चित्र वीथी वर्णक, रंग For Private and Personal Use Only 137 Page #147 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 138. Technical Dictionary Plan-design Plate coating Pneumatic pen Pointille Pointing Portrait figure Pose Poster Post-impressionism Primer Priming Profile Prominence Puppet Pysanky रेखाचित्र मुलम्मा चढ़ाना वातिल वर्तिका - बिंदु चित्रित अनुचिन्ह आकृति चित्र मुद्रा इश्तहार, विज्ञापन पत्र उत्तर आभासवाद रंजकी, अस्तर पहला लेप - पार्श्व चित्र, खाका उन्नतावस्था - कठपुतली - अंड चित्रण Quill-pen Quivering-brush - पंख कलम - कंपी तूलिका Rayonism Recession Red-ochre Relief Relief carving Remarque Repoussage Representational art Retouch colours रश्मि प्रभाववाद गहराई आभासन - गेरु उभार उभरी नक्काशी परीक्षलार्थ चित्रण रिपुजाज, वितक्षण - प्रतिरूपण कला - परिष्कारी वर्ण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #148 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 139 Retouching Retrousage Rhopography Rigger Romantic Romanticism Rough-hew Round Rubbing block अनुशल्कन रंग हटाना नगण्य चित्रण सज्जक रूमानी - रूमानीवाद - स्थूल रंग - पूर्ण मूर्ति - घर्षण पत्थर Scagliola Scab drawing Schema School of painting Sculp stone Sculptor Scumbling Scaler Seascape Secco Settlement Shade Siccutive Silhowette Simultanism Smoking Spray-gun Stabiliser - नकली संगमरमर - माप आरेख - चित्र योजना - चित्रकला शैली - सुतक्षणीय शिला शिल्पी हल्का रंग लगाना - सज्जक लेप - समुद्र चित्रण - कुडय चित्र बैठ जाना - छाया - शोषक वस्तु - छायाकृति - गत्यभिव्यक्तिवाद - धूमन - पिचकारी - स्थिरक For Private and Personal Use Only Page #149 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 140 Technical Dictionary Stained glass Statue Steel facing Still life Stipple Stop-off Stopping out Stretcher Style : Subjective art Sugar aquasation Sunday painter Superimposition Super-realism Symbolic colour Symbolism - अभिरंजित कांच - मूर्ति - लोहावरण - अचल चित्र बिन्दु चित्रण - रोधन निक्षास रोधन विस्तारक अनी - अनुभूतिपरक कला - शर्करित जलवर्ण - स्व सुखार्थी चित्रकार - अध्यारोपण - अति यथार्थवाद प्रतीकात्मक वर्ण - प्रतीक चित्रण Tempera Ternary alloy Terracotta Tertiary colour Theatre Thinner Tilt board Tint Toning Topia Topiation टैपरा, दृढीभूतचित्रण त्रिमिश्र धातु - पक्की मिट्टी तृतीयक रंग - नाटयशाला तरल द्रावक अभिनयन पट्ट . छटा, आभा - रंग बैठाना - वृहत् चित्र - सुकर्तन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Fine Arts Terms 141 Top tone Torentics Torso Tortillion Tracing box Translaced painting Transparent painting Triplet Tube colour Type piece - प्रगाढ़ तमवर्ण धातु टंकण कला कबंध मूर्ति कागजी शैकु अनुरेखण पट्टी - धातुचित्रण पारदर्शी चित्रण त्रिज ट्यूब रंग नमूनाकृति Under time Under tone न्यून समय अंतर्निहित वर्ण : Vanishing point Variant Vehicle Vignette Verticism लोपी बिन्दु - भिन्न रूप - बन्धक द्रव्य लघु चित्र अभिलतावाद Wax work Whirling table Wood carver Wood panel मोम का काम भ्रामी फलक काष्ठ तक्षक काष्ठ फलक Zoanon Zocola उत्कीर्ण मूर्ति - पाषाणपीठिका For Private and Personal Use Only Page #151 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 142 www.kobatirth.org Abbacy Abbey Abbot History The importance of history lies in the fact that it opens up the vista of past happenings for us. Many great civilizations blossomed and withered in the past leaving the trail of their greatness. It is history which gives us a clue of their greatness and grandeur. It is again history which enlightins us of the different stages of development of the human race. Mankind has taken rapid steps to reach at the present level. In remotest ancient times man lived in a foodgathering stage. Gradually he discovered some meatles such as copper and zinc which enabled him to leave aside his dependence on stone implements. Later the discovery of iron brought a revolution in man's life and opened up multifarious avenues of progress and development. The historical account provides knowledge about various stages through which the early manpassed. Various wars and conflicts had taken place in the past but fortunately we have the record of most of them with us. These records link the present with the past and provides solid base for future. Abditory Abkhasian people Ablution Abraham Era Like other subjects history has developed its own technicalities which are explained here in the simple vernacular language for the benefit of the reader. Historical Terms A Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - Technical Dictionary मठाधीश आवास ਸਰ मठाधीश मालखाना अवखासीजन For Private and Personal Use Only प्रोक्षण अब्राहम काल Page #152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 143 - भिक्षु Abraham-man Absolute Chronology - निरपेक्ष कालानुक्रम Abut सीमा-स्पर्शन Abyss नरक Acca किमरबाब Accelerated aging ल प्रभावन Access door छद्म रंध्र Accessory beligerent सहायक युद्धकारी Accolade वक्र सज्जापट्टी Accomplement युग्मन, जोड़ Accruals प्रोद्भूत सामग्री Acerra धूपदान Achaean - एकियायी Acinaces - एसिनेसीज Acolyte - अनुचर Acrophone - एक्रोफोन Acta Diurna - शाही रोजनामचा Acta Senatus सीनेट का कार्यवृत्त Act of attainder अपकीर्ति अधिनियम Act of Indemnity and oblivion- दंडमुक्ति एवं विस्मरण अधिनियम Act of settlement राज्य व्यवस्था अधिनियम Acute arch नुकीला चाप Admantine noose - वज्रपाश Adit - प्रवेश मार्ग Adjoining territory - आसन्न क्षेत्र Abode कच्ची ईंट Adventurer - साहसिक, जांबाज Adversary - विपक्षी, शत्रु Advowson - संरक्षणाधिकार For Private and Personal Use Only Page #153 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 144 Adytum Aedes Aedicula Aegicrames Aegis Aetoma Aflowman Age of shivalry Age of Enlightenment Age of Pyramids Agger Agglutinative architecture Agiasterium Agora Agrarian movement Agriculture stage Aileron Ainu (people) Akkadian Akkdian people Akkadian sculpture www.kobatirth.org Alb Albion Alcazar Alderman Alectorium Aleexadrinum Thauna Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir गर्भगृह पूजागृह देवगृह, मंदिर मेषशीर्ष ईजिस त्रिकोण शीर्ष एकलमानव शौर्य युग प्रबोध युग पिरामिड युग वप्र, चारदीवारी योगात्मक वास्तु देवालय Technical Dictionary सभास्थल भूमि संबंधी आंदोलन कृषि अवस्था लक्ष्य, उद्देश्य आइनू (जन) अक्कादी भाषा अक्कादीजन अक्कादी मूर्तिकला चोगा एलबियोन दुर्ग (स्पेन) पौरमुख्य For Private and Personal Use Only द्यूतशाला सिकन्दरी कुट्टिम शिल्प देवकोटताक Page #154 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Almond Alphenhorn Alpine man Altar Altar rail Alternate flaking Alto-relievo Alure Amber bead Ambo Ambulacrum Ambulatio Ambulatory Ammon's law Amity Ampulla Anachronism Analogian Ancient history Ancillary passage Ancon Andesite mask Andrea Androgynous image Andro sphinx Anepigraphic Angan Angelot www.kobatirth.org - बादाम लटकन तूर्य एल्पीय मानव वेदिका वेदि वेष्टिनी एकांतर शल्कन उच्चोद्भूत गलियारा Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir मणिमणका मंच, वेदिका वृक्षाच्छादित पथ प्रदक्षिणापथ प्रदक्षिणापथ ऐमन नियम मैत्री तुंबिका कालदोष पाठपीठिका प्राचीन इतिहास उपमार्ग कमाचा, कूर्पर एन्डेजाइट मुखौटा सार्वजनिक भोजनशाला अर्द्धनारीश्वर मूर्ति नरव्याल अलिखित शयनकक्ष एंजीलोट For Private and Personal Use Only 145 Page #155 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 146 Technical Dictionary Angkor Angle bead Anglicanism Aniconic Annalist Annals Annates Annotation Anta Antenave Antennal sword Anthesteria Anthropolite Antiquarian Antiquarium Antique Antique level Antiquities Antiquity Anti-semitism Appenine culture Apex stone Apparel Applied column Apsidal Arab camp city Arbitrary level system Arbitrary stratigraphy - दृष्टिकोण (अंगकोर) - कोर मनका - आंगल चर्चवाद - मूर्तिविहीन - आख्यान लेखक इतिहास, ख्यात - प्रथमदेय टिप्पण - भित्तिस्थूलन पश्चिमी डयोढ़ी - दुसिंगी तलवार - पुष्पोत्सव - नराश्म पुरातनिक - पुरासंग्रहालय - पुरावस्तु - पुरा-प्रवण - पुरावशेष पुरातनता - यहूदी विरोधी - एपिनाइन संस्कृति शीर्ष प्रस्तर - परिधान अनुप्रयुक्त स्तंभ गजपृष्ठाकार हिरा - यदृच्छस्तर पद्धति - यादृच्छिक स्तर विज्ञान For Private and Personal Use Only Page #156 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 147 Arbour Arcobontant Arcella Archaism Archaist Arched motif Archeion Archer Archisynagogos Architectural remains Architrave 'Arch pendant Arch priest Arcosolium Ardish Area exposure Area method Arena Arkose arm Armarium Armlet Armpet Arotelle Arras Assize Astronomic dance Attire Audience hall - कुंज अर्द्धचाप वप्र पनीर कक्ष पुरातनपरता पुरातनतावादी चापरचना - मंदिर कोषागार धनुर्धर - पूजाध्यक्षपीठ वास्तुशेष तोरण सज्जा - चापलुंबी - मुख्य पुरोहित चापित समाधिकोष - कांच जड़ाई क्षेत्र अनावरण क्षेत्र प्रणाली अखाड़ा बाहु, भुजा (आर्कोज) पत्राधान बाजूबन्द बाहुकक्ष - वलयालंकृत अलंकृत पट अभिसत्र राशिनृत्य - पोशाक - सभा मंडप For Private and Personal Use Only Page #157 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 148 Technical Dictionary Aulic Council Avellance Course Aven Awning Azyme - निजी परिषद् - पुष्पांकित क्रूस - उच्च मार्ग चंदोबा, सायबान - एजाइम, खमीर रहित रोटी ऊँचा मंदिर बैकेनेलिया - शूर - एकधारी तलवार - वाडेरी संस्कृति मठ Babel Bacchanali Bachelor Back-sword Badarian culture Badia Badigeon Bagnio Bail Bailey Balistraria Bamboo curtain Bandeaw Banded stones Bandit Bandlet Band moulding Banner Bannerol Barbarian Baron Barracoon भराई स्नानघर . प्राचीर दुर्ग प्राचीर - मोखा, इन्द्रकोश बांस का पर्दा - सरबंध (स्त्रियों का) पट्टबद्ध पाषाण डाकू - लघुपट्टी पट्टीसज्जा पताका समाधिध्वज - जंगली, बर्बर सामंत - दासगृह For Private and Personal Use Only Page #158 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 149 - समाधि - तलनिक्षेप आधार शिविर समाधि मंडप सलामी तोपखानी रण, समर परशु. युद्ध घोष - रणभूमि युद्धगान - एडयुद्ध Barter Basal deposit Base camp Basilica Balter Battery Battle Battle axe Battle cry Battle field Battle hymn Battle of the Spurs Battle of the standard Battle ship Bayx tasty Beacon Bead house Bead woman Beaver Beggar's opera Belfry Bellicose Benatura Bench method Benefice Benevolence Bent bar coin Berserk ध्वजयुद्ध जंगी जहाज वेयू चित्रपट संकेत प्रकाश प्रार्थनागार - पूजारिन बीवर सिक्का, मुखरक्षी भिक्षुक संगीत घंटाघर युद्धप्रिय, लड़ाकू - पवित्र जलपात्र बैंच प्रणाली - मठ वृत्ति - नजराना - वक्र शलाका मुद्रा - विक्षिप्त For Private and Personal Use Only Page #159 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 150 Bickern Bilingual inscription Birelta Birth stories Bishopric Bivonac Blach birding Black Hole tragedy Black shirt Blemmyes Blind arcade Blind door Blitzkrieg Block capital Block figure Bloodwite Board of Ten Boast Bonded servant Bond stone Bonder Bond timber Book of common prayer Borough Boulanger Episode Boulewterion Bourbon Bowl barrow www.kobatirth.org - - - - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir श्रृंगी निधान द्विभाषी लेख चौकोर टोपी जातक कथाएं विशप कार्यालय रण शिविर अवैधदास आयात कालकोठरी दुर्घटना Technical Dictionary काली कुर्ती दल अफ्रीकी काल्पनिक जाति रुद्ध तोरणपथ अंध द्वार तूफानी हमला उपाधान शीर्ष रूढ़ाकृति खून की कीमत दस सेनापतियों का बोर्ड अवोत्कीर्णन अनुबद्ध सेवक बंधक पट्टी बंधक पट्टी बंधक कष्ट सार्वजनिक प्रार्थना पुस्तक पुर, बरो बुलैंजर घटना सिनेट सदन बूर्बा कटोरा स्तूप For Private and Personal Use Only Page #160 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Bowman Bow street runners Box-headed Box headed characters Boziga Brace Bracelet Brahmanical triad Brass age Brassard Bread colonies Broad band Bretwalder Broletto Bronteum Bacentaur Bucket mount Bucket wheel Buddhist croos Buff's Buff slip Buhl Buck culture Bukranium Bulb-boul Bulbous Bulbous member Bulging bottom www.kobatirth.org - - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir धनुर्धर वो स्ट्रीट गुप्तचर पिटक शीर्ष पटक शीर्ष वर्ण गृह, निवास भुज कवच कंगन हिन्दू त्रिमूर्ति पीतलयुग भुजबंध बहुधान्यक प्रदेश कंचुक सेक्शन शासक नडार भवन गर्जन कक्ष वृषभ मानव डोलची चोखटा रहट स्वास्तिक बफरेजिमेंट पाण्डुलेप काष्ठ पच्चीकारी बुक्क संस्कृति (हंगरी) गोमुख गमला कंदाकार गुंबज स्तूपिका उभरी पेंदी For Private and Personal Use Only 151 Page #161 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 152 Technical Dictionary Bull Bulla Bull capital Bullion Bull nose Bull's head ornament Bung Burial Burnished blackware Burnisher Butment Buttery Button seal Buttress Byssus Byzantine art पोप आदेश लटकन ताबीज वृष स्तंभ शीर्ष - गवाक्ष वृषनासा - वृषमुख अलंकरण भांड चिति - भूनिवेश ओपदार काला भांड - पालिश करने वाला अंत्याधार भंडार बटन मुद्रा पुश्ता, वज्र - ममी कफन - बाईजेन्टनी कला C Cabana Cabildo Cable Cabiri Cabriole Caduceus Caesarism Cahier Cainozoic Cairn Caisson कुटिया - कविल्डो - रज्जु सज्जापट्टी - यूनानी देवसमूह द्विभंग पद - सर्पदंश - सीजर तंत्र - काहियर - नूतन जीवयुग - टीला (मृतक सम्बन्धी) - विस्फोटक कोष्ठ For Private and Personal Use Only Page #162 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 153 - सौध ग्रंथिका - तापित कक्ष सूली क्रूस - कर्णिका सौहार्द्र नैपथ्य, सज्जागृह घाई, घाति पोप का मुकुट - सांडनी शिविर वितान - लश्करी गिरजा कब्रिस्तान - दीपस्तंभ कंदी Calcareous nodule Calefactory Calvary cross Calyx Camaraderie Camarin Came Cameļaweum Camelus dromedarius Camp ceiling Camp follower Campo santo Candelabrum Candi Canephora Cangue Cannibalism Cannonade Cannon fodder Canoe Canon Canonical court Canonist Canon law Canopied niche Canopus degree Cantilever blacket Canting arms - डलियावाली काठ स्वजाति भक्षण गोलाबारी तोपचारा डोंगी धर्म सूत्र - चर्च न्यायालय - धर्माचार्य - चर्च कानू सवितान ताक - केनोपस आज्ञप्ति - बाहुधरण ब्रेकेट चिन्हित आयुध For Private and Personal Use Only Page #163 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 154 Technical Dictionary Cape Cape colony Cape horn Capital Caffadocian seal Caffing Capstone Captive Captivity Cacquetoire Carcase Cancer Cardinal Cardinal tenet Carnage Carnelian Carolingian dynasty Carriage porch Cartel ship Cartoccio Cartouche Carucate Caryatid बांह रहित कोट . अंतरीप कोलोनी - श्रृंग अंतरीप स्तंभ शीर्ष कैपाडोसियन मुद्रा छत्रक आच्छादन शिला बंदी बंदी स्थिति आराम कुर्सी ढांचा कारागार प्रमुख मुख्य सिद्धांत - हत्याकांड - इन्द्रगोपमणि - कैरोलिंजी राजवंश - वाहन द्वार मंडप समरबंध जहाज - लघुपट्ट दिल्हा अलंकरण - हलभूमि, 120 एकड़ भूमि मदनिका - गृह, भवन, हवेली निर्णय विधि इंद्रकोष, कमाचा - किलेदार, कोटवाल - दुर्ग Casa Case law Casemate Castellan Castle For Private and Personal Use Only Page #164 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Castra Catastrophic burial Catenated Cathedra Candillo Cavalier Cave dedication Cave habitation Cave in Cave man Cave shrine Cede Ceiling light Celadon ware Celebrant Celtic cross Cemetery Canogenesis Cenotaph Cenozoic era Censor Centour Central effect Central repository Centumvir Centuriation Century Ceremic sculpture www.kobatirth.org - - रोमन शिविर विपाती शवाधान Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir श्रृंखलारूप पादरी का सिंहासन कांडिलो घुड़सवार गुफा समर्पण गुहावास धंसना गुहा मानव गुफा मंदिर अर्पण कर देना वितान गवाक्ष काही भांड कर्मकांडी आयरिश क्रोस कब्रिस्तान नवजनन चैत्य, स्मारक समाधि - नूतनजीव महाकल्प अभिवचक नराश्व, किन्नर केन्द्रीय प्रभाव केन्द्रीय भंडार कतुमंदिर शतिभाजन शताब्दी मृण्मूर्ति कला For Private and Personal Use Only 155 Page #165 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 156 Technical Dictionary - दर्शन कक्ष '- समारोह कृत्य कारथूसीमठ - अर्पण, देदेना वैवाहिक मेखला श्रृंखला कवच - जिरह बख्तर - श्रृंखलाबद्ध सर्वेक्षण - ताम्रपाषाण युग कैल्डेई - प्रतिहारी - कृतित किनारा - शैपलैजी युग आकस्मिक खोज Cercis Ceremonial Certosa Cession Cestus Chain armour Chain mail Chain survey Calcolithic age Chaldaei Chamberlain Chamfered corner Champlainic epoch Chance discovery Chancel Chandelier Chantry Chaplain Chapter Charge Charger Chariot burial Charity kitchen Charnel house Charrette Charter of liberties Chartist Movement Chassey culture - चांसेल कंदील, झाड़ समर्पित मंदिर धर्माधिकारी पादरी मंडल कीर्ति-चिन्ह युद्धाश्व सरथ शवाधान लंगर - शवास्थिशाला अंतिम परिष्कार कर्म - स्वाधीनता घोषणापत्र चार्टिस्ट आंदोलन - चैसी संस्कृति For Private and Personal Use Only Page #166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 157 Chateaw Chauvinism Check board method Check post Check strip Cheddar man Check plate Chester Chief icon Children of sun Chimney bar Chimney piece Chinoiserie Chlamys Chottry Chopping tool Choragic monument Choraula Christian socialism Chronicle Chronology Chryse charsonese Chryselephantine Churchmen Churchyard Ciborium Cicada design Cicatrization - सामन्तगढ़ी - युद्धप्रियता चतुरंग प्रणाली पड़ताल चौकी जांच पट्टी - चेड्डार मानव - मुख पट्ट दुर्ग नगर मुख्य प्रतिमा - सूर्य संतति - अंगीठी शलाका अंगीठी सज्जा - चीन प्रभावित कला चोगा, कलेमिस - पथिक शाला खंडक - सहगान मंदिर गानशाला ईसाई समाजवाद इतिवृत्त तिथिक्रम . स्वर्णभूमि - हेमदंत भूषित - पादरीजन - चर्च प्रांगण - छत्र, छतरी, चंदोबा - शलभ अभिकल्प गोदना For Private and Personal Use Only Page #167 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 158 Cicerone Cimmerian Cincture Cinenary Urn Cinquefoil Circular cella Circular face Circular nimbus Circulating collection Cist Cisterian monk Cist grave Citadel Civis Romanus Clan Clapham sect Classicism Classificatory Kinship Clay impression Clay stamp Clepht Clepsydra Clergy Clericalism Clerk Cleruch Cliff expousure Climatic pattern www.kobatirth.org L - पुरातत्व प्रदर्शक सिमेरी मेखला भस्मपात्र पंचदल गोल गर्भगृह गोल मुख Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir वृत्ताकार प्रभावली चल संग्रह क्रिस्ट, ताबूत सिस्टर्शी साधु ताबूत क गढ़ी, दुर्ग रोमन नागरिक वंश मृद् मुद्रांक मृण मोहर Technical Dictionary क्लेफेम संप्रदाय श्रेणीवाद वर्णात्मक बंधुता बटमार जलघड़ी पादरी पादरीवाद पंडितराज For Private and Personal Use Only भूग्राही शैलोद्घाटन जलवायु प्रतिरूप Page #168 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Climatic succession Climax phase Cloison Cloister Close Closed caste system Closed class Close rolls Cloth casing Clubbed rim Clauniae movement Coalition Coaming Cobweb Coskie Codex Coequal authority Cower de lion Coeval Coffin Coffin burial Cognomen Coilon Coil technique Coin Collar brace Collective burial Collective savagery www.kobatirth.org - - - - - - - - - - · - - - - जलवायु अनुक्रमण काष्ठाप्रावस्था तार जड़ाई उपासना कक्ष बाड़ा संवृत जाति व्यवस्था संवृत वर्ग विशेष पत्र Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir वस्त्रावरण मूठदार किनारा क्लूनी आंदोलन संघ आड़ मकड़जाल सिलवट संहिता समान सता नरकेसरी समकालीन ताबूत ताबूत शवाधान कुलनाम बैठने का स्थान कुंडली प्रविधि मुद्रा ग्रीवा पट्टी सामूहिक शवाधान सामूहिक नृशंसता For Private and Personal Use Only 159 Page #169 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 160 Technical Dictionary Colonial protectorate Colonial rule Colonization Colossal Colosseum Colossus Colour bar Coloured stucco Colymbethra Colymbion Combatant Combed decoration Commemoration arch Commemorative relief Commercia belli Commonalty Common consent Compact bed Compluvium Compose Composit rare Compurgator Concave walled Concordat Confessor Conflict Conformism Conquistador औपनिवेशिक रक्षित राज्य औपनिवेशक शासन उपनिवेशन विसाल कोलोसियम - महामूर्ति रंगभेद रंगीनगच बपतिस्मा हौज - जलपात्र लड़ाकू कंकित सजावट - स्मारक तोरण - स्मारक उद्भूति युद्धकालीन संसर्ग - जनसाधारण - सर्वसम्मति संहत तल - आकाश वातायन समाधान करना मिश्र जाति दोष मार्जक - अवतल पार्श्व धर्म संधि पाप स्वीकर्ता संघर्ष अनुरुपतावाद - अत्याचारी विजेता For Private and Personal Use Only Page #170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 161 Consecration Consilium Consistory Contemporary Content unit Conventicle Copyhold Core culture Coronel Corsair Conslet Cortes Counter batten Counter lathing Coup de metre Covenant with god Cowl staff Cradle Crannog Crapandine Caravat Criophinx Cross current Cross worship Crown land Crown topped Crusade Cryptogram - पवित्रीकरण - राजपरिषद - चर्च न्यायालय समकालीन पूर्ण एकक धर्म संघ - पट्टेपरामली भूमि - क्रोड़ संस्कृति - मुकटिका - जलदस्यु - वक्षत्राण स्पेनी संसद - प्रति पट्टिका - प्रतिप्रबलन - उस्तादी चाल भगवत प्रसंविदा भारदंड पलना जलदुर्ग द्वारधुरिस्थित ग्रवेयक - मेष शीर्ष दैत्य प्रतिकूल प्रवृत्ति - क्रोस पूजा राजभूमि किरीट शीर्ष - धर्मयुद्ध - कूटलेख For Private and Personal Use Only Page #171 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 162 Cryptoporticus Cult syncretism Cunciform Dark Continent Day of Judgement Dead Culture Dean Death ship Decade Decipher Decypher Denarious Desicated burial Despoil Dethrome Deuterocanonical Devil Worshipper Decasterium Dice Die-struck coin Diluvialist Diluvial man Dimensional record Dimini Culture Diocese Dipper Direct dating www.kobatirth.org - - - - · Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir पार्श्व वीथि संप्रदाय समन्वयवाद कलाकार अंध महाद्वीप प्रलय दिवस मृत संस्कृति Technical Dictionary अधिष्ठाता नौकाकार ताबूत दशक उद्वाचन बीज लेखावाचन दीनार शोषित शवाधान विलुंठन गद्दी से उतारना द्वितीय चर्च विधीय असुर पूजक न्यायालय पासा, अक्ष ठप्पांकित सिक्का जलप्रलनवादी हिमानी मानव बीमा विवरण द्विमिनी संस्कृति विशप क्षेत्र For Private and Personal Use Only बड़ा चमचा प्रत्यक्ष कालनिर्धारण Page #172 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Directoire Dirk Disaster Disc Discoid Discus Discussion pose Dish lid Dish on stand Disloyal Dismemberment Dispension Distraint Diver Divine mother Domesday book Don Donjon (keep) Doom Double thunderbolt Dowager queen Doxology Drachma Dragoons Drabridge Drinking fountain Droit administratif Dromedarian www.kobatirth.org - - - डायरेक्टरी कालीन डर्क घोर विपत्ति चक्र चक्राकार उपकरण चक्र विसर्क मुद्रा पात्र ढक्कन साधारतश्तरी देशद्रोही विघटन दंडोन्मुक्ति कुर्की गोताखोर मातृदेवी महा सर्वेक्षण पुस्तक शिक्षक दुर्ग अट्टालिका, अंतकोट कानून विश्व वज्र राजमाता स्तुतिगान दिरहम Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ड्रैगून कर्ष सेतु धारागृह प्रशासनिक विशेषाधिकार सांडनी सवार For Private and Personal Use Only 163 Page #173 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 164 Dromens Dromond Drum room Dry-rot Dry wall Dual alliance Duchess Duma Duke Duel Dummy grave Dummy shrine Dump area Dump phase Dungeon Dungeon like cells Duocento Dyke Dynastic culture Dynasty tomb www.kobatirth.org - - - - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir प्रशिक्षणाधीन सैनिक महानौका नौबतखाना काष्ठ अपक्षय गारा रहित दीवार दोहरा सहबंध डचेज डयूमा डयूक द्वंद्वयुद्ध कूट समाधि कूट आयतन धूरा स्थान निक्षेपस्तर Technical Dictionary अंधकूप कालकोठरी For Private and Personal Use Only तेरहवीं शती तटबंध वंशीय संस्कृति राजवंश तूंब Page #174 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 165 Eagle Ealderman Ear disk Early Helladic culture Early historical sites Early Mecadonian Culture Early settlement Earth mound Earth Work Easings Ecclesia Echelon Echwem Edging Knife Eightfold path Ekotaba Elam Culture Elders Elephant goad Elevation Elf-bore Elongated base Embattlement Emludding Embossed ornament Empaistic Emporium उकाब - एल्डरमैन - बाली, कर्णकुंडल - प्रारंभिक हेलेडिक - पूर्वकालीन ऐतिहासिक स्थल - मेसोडोनियन संस्कृति - पूर्वकालीन बस्ती - मिट्टी का टीला - गढ़बन्दी, वप्र - ओलती - नागरिक सभा सोपानक ध्वनि प्रवर्द्धकपात्र धारवनति वालाचाक अष्टांग मार्ग पटचित्र इलाम संस्कृति - चर्च अधिकारी अंकुश - उर्ध्वद्वन्द - परी-कोटर - प्रलंबित आधार - कोटबन्दी अंतआधार संस्थापन - समुद्भूत अलंकरण - उद्धृत - विक्रय केन्द्र For Private and Personal Use Only Page #175 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 166 Technical Dictionary Enchorial Encirclement Enclosed skelton Encyclical Endocannibalism Endogean Enlarged food versel Ennestyle Entourage Epic age Episcopats Episode Epistles Epithet Eponymous hero Equerry Equine-head Erechtheum - दैशिक - घेराबन्दी - परिवृत कंकाल पोप परिपत्र - सजाति भक्षण अधोभूमिक - विशाल डेग नवस्तंभी - परिचालकगण वीरगाथायुग विशप पीठ घटना संदेश पत्र उपाधि - नामस्रोत विभूति अश्वपाल अश्वमुख - एथिना देवी का मंदिर काल कगार संघभाव राज्यानुमोदित चर्च - इलाका हथियाना - अंतिम भोज संस्कार इंजिली प्रचारक - भंडार - निर्वासितों का शासक - खोजकर्ता Era Escarpment Esprit de lois Established church Estate jumping Eucharist Evangelist Ewery Exilarch Explorer For Private and Personal Use Only Page #176 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 167 कारनामें धर्म प्रवक्ता Exploits Expounder Extinct Extra-mural settlement - लुप्त - परकोटे से बाहर की बस्ती Falange Faldstool False door Family feast Fane Fances Favourite Fealty Feather money Fenland Feria Feretory Fetisa Fetishism Fetishistic symbol Feudal Fictional part of territory Fidei defensor Fief Field system Figure head Figurism Finger indented फैलेंज विशपकुर्सी - कूटद्वार कुलभोज देवालय, मंदिर - भवन मार्ग प्रीतिपात्र निष्ठा पंख, मुद्रा - कछार पर्व - चल समाधि जड़ पूजा भूतप्रेत विश्वास जड़ प्रतीक सामंती . कल्पित भूभाग - धर्मत्राता - जागीर भूव्यवस्था - नाम मात्र का - प्रतीकवाद - अंगुली चिन्हित For Private and Personal Use Only Page #177 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 168 Finishing coat Fiord Fire altar Fishnet Flag Flamen Flanking movement Flexion Flourine test Flourishing civilization Fluvialistic belief Folk ethics Folk god Folk saying Font Food offering Food taboo Foot arclur Foray Forerunner Firesight Formative stage Formulaic pattern Fortified town Fortlet Fortuna Forum Fossiliperos www.kobatirth.org - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir अंतिम लेप दंतुरतट (फर्ड) यज्ञवेदी मछलीजाल ध्वजा रोमन पुजारी तुलुगमा अपकुंचन फ्लोरीन परीक्षण Technical Dictionary उन्नत सभ्यता नदी संबंधी विश्वास लोकाचार लोक देवता लोकोक्ति पवित्र होदी आहार बलि खाद्यनिषेध पैदल धनुर्धर धावा • पूर्वगामी पूर्व दृष्टि निर्माणावस्था सूत्रगत नमूना प्राचीरयुक्त नगर गढी सौभाग्य देवी चौक जीवाश्ममय For Private and Personal Use Only Page #178 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 169 Fossilman Foursided monolith Fourth toe Freehold Freelance Freelance soldier Freeman Free pass French revolution Friar Front hearth Frontlet Fuhrer Functional interpretation Funeral feast Filefot Fyrd - जीवाश्म मानव - चौपहलू एकाश्म - चतुर्थ पादांगुली माफीजमीन स्वतंत्र व्यक्ति स्वच्छन्द सैनिक नागरिक दस्तक फ्रांसिसी क्रांति भिक्षु, साधु अग्निष्ठाग्र गृहमुख फ्यूहरर, स्वतंत्र शासक - कार्यात्मक व्याख्या __ मृत्युभोज - स्वस्तिक - फर्ड, सैन्यबल Gallican Game laws Gammadion cross Garderobe Gate tower Gauntlet Gebur Geld book Gemot फ्रांसिसी आखेट नियम स्वस्तिक वस्त्र मंजूषा - प्रवेश द्वार - . लोहे का दस्ताना किसान, आसामी - शुल्कावली - सभा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #179 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 170 Technical Dictionary Genealogical history Geneat General Eyri Genos Gentry Geographical location Gerontes Cerusia Gerzian copper Gesture of preaching Ghetro Ghost hole Giant's tomb Gibbet Gigantic Gild Gimmal Girth Glass block Glazing bar Glost ware Glyptie representation Glyptics Gold noble Government by consent Grand alliance Grand Assize Grandee - वंशावली इतिहास असामी सामान्यचल न्यायालय गोल भद्रजन भौगोलिक स्थिति - वृद्ध सभासद - राजपरिषद् - गरजियाई ताम्रकटार - प्रवचन मुद्रा - यहूदी बस्ती - प्रेत छिद्र दानव तुंब फांसी का तख्ता भीमकाय श्रेणी कीलित कर्म - परिधि - कांचखंड . कांचन शाखा - काचित भांड - नक्काशी - उत्कीर्णन कला - स्वर्ण मुद्रा - सहमति से शासन - महामैत्री - महाभिसत्र - अमीर, सरदार For Private and Personal Use Only Page #180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 171 Grand nation Grand signor Grand tour Great flood Great Hellas Great Renunciation Great sphinx Great toe Great treck Grecian culture Greve Grinding stone Grotesque Grotto Group burial Guardian deity Guerilla war Guess dating Guilloche Gall hook Gunyah Gymnasiarch Gyneconitis Gypsum cave culture महाराष्ट्र - तुर्की का सम्राट महापर्यटन महाजल विप्लव वृहत् यूनान - महाभिनिष्क्रमण - विशाल स्फिंक्स पादांगुष्ठ - महानिष्क्रमण यूनानी संस्कृति - पिंडली कवच - चक्की पाट विरुप गुहा, कंदरा समूह शवाधान - अधिष्ठातृ देवता छापामार युद्ध अनुमानित कालनिर्धारण - वेणीरूप सजावट - समुद्री काक कंटक आदिवासी कुटीर व्यायाम-अध्यक्ष महिला कक्ष जिप्सम गुहा संस्कृति For Private and Personal Use Only Page #181 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 172 Habitacle Habitation level Hagiasterium Hagiographical Writing Hagiology Hair line Hair net Hair powder Hair ring Half-Unceal Hall and bower Hall moot Hall of private audience Hallowed Halo-circle Ham Hardboard Hardware Haw Headcovering Head gear Hearse Heathen Heathenism Heat triated pottery Heliacal rising Heliacal setting www.kobatirth.org H 1 1 1 आवास गृह वास स्तर पादरी पीठ संतचरित ग्रंथ संतचरित Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir केश रेखा केशबंध केश चूर्ण केश चिमटी वृहदक्षर राजभवन और रनिवास न्यायालय दीवान खास पावन प्रभामंडल नगर बस्ती काष्ठफलक धातु सामग्री घेरा शिरोवस्त्र केश सज्जा शवयान काफिर देवपूजा तप्त भांड सूर्योदय सूर्यास्त For Private and Personal Use Only Technical Dictionary Page #182 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 173 Hellenic Helot Hemidrachma Hemispherical dome Heraldry Heriot Hermeneutics Heterogeneous people Heuristic device Hieracosphinx Hieratic Hieratic motif Hieratic posture Hieratic sculpture Hierolatry Hieron High altar Hill fort Hippodrome Historical materialism Historiette Historiographer Hoe Hollow sculpture Hollow way Hole writ Homage Home rule Homogeneous यूनानी भूमिदास, दास - अर्द्धद्रम्य - अर्द्धगोलाकार गुंबद - कुलचिन्ह - मृत्युदेय शास्त्रार्थ मीमांसा विषमरूप लोग - अन्वेषणात्मक युक्ति - श्येमव्याल . . पौरोहित्यक धार्मिक अभिप्राय - पूजासन धार्मिक मूर्तिकला संतपूजा देवालय क्षेत्र मुख्य वेदी - पहाड़ी किला - घुड़दौड़ का मैदान - ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवाद - लघु इतिवृत्त - इतिहास लेखक कुदाल खोखली मूर्ति - सुरंग पोप आदेश नजराना - स्वशासन - सजातीय For Private and Personal Use Only Page #183 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 174 Technical Dictionary Hooked Hoplite Horologium Hospitallium Hostrie House earl Household art Household cult Household god Household suffrage Hub Hybrid form Hymen Hymnist आंकड़ेदार सशस्त्र सैनिक घंटाघर - आतिथ्य कक्ष सराय अंगरक्षक घरेलू कला कुलधर्म गृहदेवता - गृहमताधिकार - नाभिका - संकर रूप - यूनानी - स्तुतिकार Iberian man Ich-sound Iconolater Iconology Iconoplastic art Iconostatis Ideogram Idolater Imamate Imbow Imbex Imbricated Imperator - आइबेरियाई मानव 'श' स्वन - प्रतिमापूजक - प्रतिमाशास्त्र - मूर्ति निर्माण कला - वेदिपट - भावचित्र - मूर्तिपूजक - इमामपद चापीकरण - अर्द्धवृत्त खर्जर - खपरेली - सम्राट For Private and Personal Use Only Page #184 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Impersonator Implementiferous area Impresa Incurcionist Indented Index finger Indegenous culture Indology Indus culture Infallibility Infamia Infangthef Infidel Infra-red photography Ingle Inglenook Inner line Instituetes Insular culture Integlio figure Internal adaptability Internment Inter-nunciation Inter-nuncio Intra-regional Intrusion Irinics Ironside Irontipped www.kobatirth.org - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir पररूपधारक उपकरण संकुल क्षेत्र कुलचिन्ह आक्रमणकारी दंतुरित तर्जनी देशी संस्कृति भारतीय विद्या सिंधु सभ्यता अमोघता निंदा दण्ड चौर ग्रहणाधिकार काफिर अवरक्त फोटोग्राफी अग्निकुंड धूम्र कोना आंतरिक पथ विधिसार स्वसीमित संस्कृति उत्कीर्ण आकृति आंतरिक अनुकूलनशीलता नजरबन्दी अंतर आवास उपप्रतिनिधि क्षेत्रान्तर्गत बलप्रवेश चर्च एकतावाद लौह पुरूष लौहाग्र For Private and Personal Use Only 175 Page #185 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 176 Island fortress Ithyphallic Jagged margin Jampan Janiform Janitor Jewelled pendent Judges of presentment Justiciar Juxtaposition Kartvelian people Keep Kill site Kindred attribute Kinglet King post truss King's bench King's fold Kinship Kirk assembly Kirtle Kistvaen Knecler Komistra Kyak www.kobatirth.org J K - - - द्वीपदुर्ग महालिंगी Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir खुरदरा उपांत पालकी द्विमुखी द्वारपाल जड़ाऊ लटकन यहूदी जूरी राज्यन्याय अधिकारी संस्थिति कार्तवेलीजन अंत: कोट सूनास्थल समान लक्षण Technical Dictionary क्षुद्रराजा मध्यदंड कैंची राजपीठ नृत्य मंच चर्म नौका स्वजन बंधुता स्काटी धर्म संसद लबादा ताबूत वक्राधार For Private and Personal Use Only Page #186 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 177 Labarum Labarum cross Laber Lacterium Lacuneria Lady chapel Laestrygones Laissez alter Laity Lapidary Lararium Larmier Last finger Last glaciation Latent Lateral margin Later guptas Latin Vulgate Lattice-burnished ware Laudian Clergy Lawmen Law of piety Law of primogeniture Lay Court Lay desciple Lay world Lease deed - राजचिन्ह - लेबोरम क्रूस चुआबछत - दुग्धशाला गोला पूजाघर मानवभक्षी परंपरायुक्ति - गैर पादरी वर्ग - मणिकार - गृहदेवता - कपोत - कनीनिका अंतिम हिमनदन अव्यक्त - पार्श्व उपान्त - उतर गुप्तवंश . . लेटिन जन . चमकीले जाली भांड लाडमलके पादरी विधिपुरुष धर्म ज्येष्ठाधिकार कानून जन न्यायालय उपासक - गृहस्थ समाज - पट्टानामा For Private and Personal Use Only Page #187 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 178 Leech Legate Legion Leister Liberationism Liberi homines Liege lord Liegeman Life guard Line Linear Consanguinity Lithsman Little vehicle Littoral state Liturgics Living monument Liwan Lock Locumtenens Locus columbae Long cist Loom frame Loop handle Loop hole Lotophagi Lotusgeat Low lane Lur www.kobatirth.org - - - L जोंक पोपदूत सैन्यदल त्रिशूल मुक्तिवाद मुक्तजन सामंत Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir सेवाबल्द सामंत अंगरक्षक Technical Dictionary वंश वंशज रक्त सम्बन्ध नाविक हीनयान समुद्र तटवर्ती राज्य प्रार्थना तत्व जीवित स्मारक विकक्ष केशपाश स्थानापन्न कापोतलुंबी लंबा ताबूत करघा कुंडलाकार हत्था प्राचीन रंध्र कमलभोजी पद्मासन संकरी गली तूर्य For Private and Personal Use Only Page #188 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 179 Lustral Lustrum Lynchet Lynchlaw अभिषेक जनगणना मेंड अपहनन विधि - गदा मंडी Mace Macellum Machicolated Magic mark Magna Carta Magnet Mailed fist Makimono Maltolte Man Cymru Mandorla Mansard roof . Manse Mansion Mappe mande Mapping Marbled ware March Maritime best Martelo tower Martyrium Massacre Massive fortification रंधित लक्षण मेग्नाकार्टा - विशिष्ठजन - फौलादी मुक्का - कुंडलित चित्रपट अतिकर धात्री माता प्रभावली द्विढ़ाल छत पादरी निवास हवेली . विश्व मानचित्र - मानचित्रण - मरमरी भांड - पड़ाव . समुद्री प्रदेश गोल दुर्ग शहीद भवन हत्या - विशाल दुर्गबन्दी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 180 Mastaba tomb Match lock Material culture Material wrong Matted hair Mat well Mansoleum Mean date Measuring pole Medaille Mediaevalist Median ridge Medieval abbey Medimni Meeting point of culture Mercantile marine Metropolitan area Midchannel Miliary pillar Millenarianism Millenium Milord Miniature throne Minstrel Minute man Miserere Missile Mitra www.kobatirth.org - - - - - · - - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir मस्तबा तुंब तोड़ेदार बन्दूक भौतिक संस्कृति तात्विक अपकार जटाजूट पांबपोश दराज Technical Dictionary रोजा, मकबरा माध्य तिथि मापदंड पदक मध्ययुगविद् मध्यउभार रेखा मध्यकालीन ईसाई मठ मेडिमनी संस्कृति संगम व्यापारी बेड़ा महानगर क्षेत्र मध्य जलमार्ग मार्ग संकेत पाषाण सहस्राब्दवाद सहस्राब्द आंग्ल अमीर राजपीठिका चारण फौरी सैनिक For Private and Personal Use Only लघुफलक कटार अस्त्र कमरबन्द Page #190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Mitre Mixed polity Minemonic records Mnoital Moat Mobilization Moderatism Molding Monasticism Mongoose Monkey god Monogenetic Monogram Monopteron Monostrance Monument Monumental work Moon drop Moor land Mopstic handrail Moraine Morpheus Mors Mortwary Vessel Moss troops Mothones Motte Mottled clay www.kobatirth.org - I विशप टोप मिश्रित शासनतंत्र स्मृति अभिलेख दास खाई Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir लामबन्दी संयत मार्गी मत सज्जापट्टी मठवाद नेवला हनुमान एकवंशीय नामचिन्ह वृत्ताकार मंदिर पवित्र पात्र स्मारक महान् कृति चंद्रकांत मणि ऊसर भूमि वर्तुल सोपान वेदिका हिमोढ़ स्वप्न देवता यम भस्म कलश सरहदी लुटेरे दासीपुत्र प्राचीर- अट्ट बहुरंगी मिट्टी For Private and Personal Use Only 181 Page #191 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 182 Technical Dictionary कटार Mouchette Moulded Ware Mound and stocade castle Mound builder Mount of god Mourner Mulatto Mullion Muntin Museology Myrtle decoration Mystery religion - ढले भांड - टीले कटहरे का दुर्ग - स्तूप निर्माता देववाहन - विलाप करने वाला संकटनिग्रो वातायन दंड मध्यशाखा संग्रहालय वितान - मेहंदी पत्रालंकरण - गुह्य धर्म Nard Native Natural interruption Natural layer Natural stratigraphy Neck rest Needle case Nemesis Neolith Neolithic age Neophyte Neorama Neo-renaissance Neplunus Nimb - नरकुल - मूल निवासी - प्राकृतिक अवरोध - प्राकृतिक तल प्राकृतिक स्तर वितान ग्रीवाधार सूईदानी प्रतिशोध की देवी - नवपाषाण उपकरण नवपाषाण युग - नवशिष्य अंतर्दृश्य नवपुर्नजागरण जलदेवता प्रभावली For Private and Personal Use Only Page #192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 183 Noblesse Nomad Nomarch Nonchalant pose Non-conformist Non-material culture Nose piece Novena Nulum tempus occurrit Nun Nunciature Nunnery Nurghe कुलीनजन खानाबदोश - जिलाधीश अनासक्त मुद्रा परंपरा विरोधी - अभौतिक संस्कृति नासारक्षी - नवाक्ष उपासना राजा को समय नहीं रोक सकता साध्वी नन्सिओ आवास भिक्षुणी विहार - बुर्ज, मीनारी Oblique thrust Occidental civilization Oceanas Odour of sanctity Offertory Old guard Old Testament Old World Omnicompetence Omphalos Opening Oppidum Opus Oratory तिर्यक प्रणोद - पाश्चात्य सभ्यता - समुद्री देवता संत सौरभ नैवेद्य - दल वृद्ध - बाइबिल - पुरानी दुभिण - सर्वकार्यक्षमता - पवित्र पाषाण - अस्वायत नगर - महान् कृति . . प्रार्थना गृह For Private and Personal Use Only Page #193 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 184 Orb Orchesis Orientalist Ormaed Ornamental hanging Orthodox school Ostraka Outlandish figure Ovolo moulding Paddle rudder Pad stone Pagoda Painted palace Painted pottery Paladin Palaeolithic family Palazzo Palias Palm foude Pancratium Panoply Pan Turanism Paper heraldry Parapet wall Parasol Pastophoria Pater patratus www.kobatirth.org - - - P Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir चक्र, बिम्ब नृत्य कला प्राच्यविद् अहुरवाद अलंकृत लटकन रूढ़िवादी संप्रदाय निष्कासन मत विचित्र मूर्ति उत्तल सज्जापट्टी पतवार धरण पाषाण स्तूप रंग महल Technical Dictionary चित्रित भांड शूरवीर पुरापाषाणयुगीन कुटुम्ब प्रासाद स्मृति पाषाण तालपत्र मल्लयुद्ध वरुथ सर्व तूरानवाद कागजी कुलचिन्ह प्राचीर छतरी For Private and Personal Use Only यज्ञशाला पूर्ण अधिकारी Page #194 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Patron deity Peacock mount Padiluvium Pennant Peplum Perembulating Perforated stone Peristerium Petit tranchet Peytral (Poitret) Phalanx Phallic emblem Phonogram Pit burial Pithecanthropus Pivot Planeterum Platband Pleat Plumbate pottery Pluto Poimenics Polemics Porte cohere Post chaise Post Wall Praedial www.kobatirth.org - - मुख्य देवता मयूरासन पादप्रक्षालन पताका अंगरखा परिभ्रामक Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir छिद्रित प्रस्तर कपोत लुंबी लघु पाषाण छेनी रथ मालंकरण अश्व कवच सैन्य व्यूह लिंग प्रतीक ध्वनिलेख गर्त शवाधान कृषि मानव कीलक तारामंडल क्षैतिज पट्टी वेणी सीसा भांड़ पाताल देवता पादरी शास्त्र शास्त्रार्थ यानशाला डाक बग्घी स्तंभ भित्ति दास For Private and Personal Use Only 185 Page #195 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 186 Technical Dictionary Precursor Prelate Presentment Pretinder Primary internment Principal raft Promodus Promiscuous excavation Pronaos Prothyron Proto-Australoid Proto-historic Proto-lithic Prototype Pseudepigraph Pseudo-history Pulsatile instrument Pulvinar Panch-marked coin Pyrrhic victory - पूर्वगामी - गिर्जाध्यक्ष - आरोपण मिथ्यादावेदार मुख्य शवाधान मुख्य कड़ी अग्र मंडप - क्रमहीन उत्खनन अग्रमंडप द्वारमंडप आद्य आस्ट्रेलाद्य प्ररूप इतिहासोन्मुख आद्यपाषाणयुगीन आद्यरूप छद्म लेख, जाली लेख - छद्म इतिहास - अवनद्ध वाद्ययंत्र - देवासन आहतसिक्का अति महंगी विजय Quarrel Quartier nativ Qwarternary Queen regnant Quinquifoil Quinta - प्रस्तर खान . - लेटिन शिक्षा केन्द्र - चतुर्थ महाकल्प - शासिका रानी - पंचदल - जागीर For Private and Personal Use Only Page #196 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 187 - जाति Race Race fusion Raciology Radiating chapela Railed pavilion Rampart Ransack Ravages Realm Receiving Country Recess Recorded history Rectory Recurrent warfare Resusancy Refectory Refractory Refuse Regency Regnum Relic Relicn Religoloci Religiose Religious structure Renaissance Reorientation - प्रजाति संयोजन प्रजाति विज्ञान पारिवारिक गिर्जा वेदिकायुक्त मंडप - प्राचीर . लूटना विध्वंस राज्य शरण राज्य अंतरपत्र लिखित इतिहास मठाचार्य गृह आवर्ती युद्ध विरोध भोजनकक्ष विद्रोही कूड़ा प्रतिशासन व्यवस्था शिरोधान अवशेष उद्धृत मूर्ति माहात्म्य कट्टरधर्मी - धार्मिक संरचना - पुनर्जागरण पुनःस्थापन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #197 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 188 Technical Dictionary Repousse decoration Requiem mass Rescript Resist-dye-painting Reveal Revisionist Revival Rhoxolani Ribbon flake Rider Ridge Ring finger Ring mail Riot Rock dash Rolled Rood Rubble hearting Rum Rump Rane - पश्चोद्भुत अलंकरण - मृत के लिए शांति प्रार्थना - लिखित समाधान रंगरोधी रंगाई पक्ष संशोधनवादी - पुनरुद्धार - रोक्सोलानी - पट्टी शल्क - अनुवृद्धि मंगरा अनामिका छल्लेदार जिरह बख्तर दंगा दानेदार गच कुंडलित क्रूस रोदी चिनाई रूम - अवशिष्ट - वर्णमाला For Private and Personal Use Only Page #198 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Sabazius Sabbath Sacae Sac and soe Sacellum Sacerdotal authority Sacerdotalism Sacramental grace Sacramentalism Sacrificial alter Sacrificial inscription Sacrilege Sacristan Sacristy Sacrosant Sagger base Sally point Salt glaze Saracen Satrap Saturn Sauce boat Seagliola Scalloped pattern Scamillus Scarabold Scarp www.kobatirth.org S - - -- - - · सवेजियस विश्राम दिवस धाक Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir न्यायाधिकार लघु मंदिर रोहित प्राधिक पुरोहितवाद संस्कारज अनुग्रह संस्कारवाद बलिवेदी यूथलेख अपवित्रीकरण देवसेवक पूजा सामग्री गृह अलंघनीय नततल निर्गम स्थल लवण काचन इस्लामी क्षत्रप शनि नौकाकार पात्र नकली संगमरमर नखकार प्रतिरूप उपीठ गुबरैला खाईतट For Private and Personal Use Only 189 Page #199 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 190 Scauper Schiltron Scion Scriptorium Sculptured tomb Scythian people Scaling Second advent Sedile Sediteous libel Seigniory Seminary Semite Sepulchre Seraglio Seraph Sexpartito Shibboleth Shroulded burial Sibae Sibyl Siderography Sigillate Signet ring Silo Silvanus Sinecure Siparium www.kobatirth.org - - - w - - - - · · - - - - दफन अंत:पुर फरिश्ता षष्ठपदी उत्कीर्णक व्यूहबद्ध से राजवंशज लेखन कक्ष तक्षित मकबरा शक लोग प्रतिमुद्रा द्वितीय आगमन पादरी पीठ राजद्रोही लेख गढ़ी धर्मगोष्ठी शामी लोग Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir मुद्रांकित मुद्रिका कोष्टागार वनदेवता Technical Dictionary अभिज्ञान, संकेत आच्छादित शवाधान शिविजन भविष्य वादिनी लौह उत्कीर्णन For Private and Personal Use Only लाभप्रद नौकरी यवनिका Page #200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Siren Skin fold Skyligh Somnus Span Sphragisties Spine Spoils system Square nimbus Squatters Stadhuis Stagger Stall Standard bearer Statuesque pose Steeple house Stellate Stint Stoa Stoop String Course Stronghold Stylization Subjects Supercede Swamping Symbolism Synagogue www.kobatirth.org जलपरी चर्मावली Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir छत रोशनदान निद्रा सेवी विस्तृति फैलाव " मुहर शास्त्र मेरूदंड इनामी प्रणाली वर्गाकार प्रभावली अवैध कब्जा करने वाले नगर भवन अंतरीकरण बैठक ध्वज वाहक मूर्तिवत् मुद्रा शिखर भवन ताराकृति पशुचारण सीमा सभा मंडप चत्वर भवन पट्टी गढ़ रूढ़ीकरण प्रजा अतिक्रमण करना आप्लावन प्रतीकवाद उपासना गृह For Private and Personal Use Only 191 Page #201 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 192 Technical Dictionary Syncretistic icon Synod - समिश्र मूर्ति - धर्मसभा T - अभिलेख कक्ष काष्ट कर्म - सामरिक भूमिकर ढलान ताना बाना जंघा कवच जापानी सम्राट सीमा देवता टीला Tablinum Tabulatum Tactician Taille Talus Tartan Taslet Tenno Terminus Terp Terracotta Terranvara culture Tetrapolis Thalweg Therianthropomorphic Theriomorphic Thermae Theseion Thimble Thole Tholos tomb Thrall Titanic Titan - पक्व मिट्टी जलस्थल संस्कृति - चतुष्पुरी मध्यधारा - नरपशु आकृतिक पशुरूप देव जनस्नानागार थिस्यूज का मंदिर - अंगुश्ताना देवकोष्ठ देव समाधि दास - अतिकाय ___टाइटन For Private and Personal Use Only Page #202 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 193 चंडी, पाषाण मंदिर मकबरा संकृत टीला उपराज्य Tjandi Tomb Tomen Toparchy Tope Topography Tore Tortoise Torsade Torse Torso Torus Tracery Tree stem theory Trierarch Trinity Trinket Tripolis Truce स्थलाकृति कंठा, हंसली कच्छप रज्जु सज्जा भाला, हार धड़ स्थूलक जाली वंश वृक्षवाद पोताध्यक्ष त्रिमूर्ति क्षुद्रभूषण त्रिपुरी शांति काष्ठभांड टीला विक्षोभ - फिरोजा Trug Tump Turmoil Turquoise Tutetary deity Typical - कुल देवता - प्ररूपी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #203 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 194 Technical Dictionary Umiak Unbeliever Uncial Undercloak Ungeunt pot Unifaced Unstratified Urban civilization Usu capion Usufruct Usurpation Usus bellict Usus in bello Uti possidetis - चर्म नौका - नास्तिक वृहदाक्षर लिपि निम्नावरण अंगलेप पात्र - एकमुखी अस्तरित - नगर सभ्यता - अवधिजनित अधिकार - फ्लोपभोग राज्याहरण युद्धकालीन उपयोग युद्धकालीन परंपरा यथाश्रुत For Private and Personal Use Only Page #204 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Historical Terms Vardastuga Varella Vase and foliage Vedic lore Vein quartz Velodromo Veneer Venus Verdona Vessel Vicarage Viking voyage Villa Vini culture Vis majeure Visorium Vital sanctorum Vitrified fort Vitruvian Vilta Vivarium Vizor Volte-face Votive hoard Vulcan Vulnerable www.kobatirth.org V - - - 1 I t · I - - - - - काष्ठकथा पेगौडा Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir घटपल्लव वैदिककालीन गान सिरा स्फटिक छत्रांगण काष्ठपरत सौंदर्य देवी इटली का हरा संगमरमर पोत पादरी निवास लूटने की मात्रा ग्राम भवन अंगूर की खेती दैवीशक्ति दर्शक वीथी पवित्र स्थल काचित दुर्ग कुंडलित सिरबन्द पशुवाटिका मुखत्राण परावर्तन, फिर जाना पूजा निधि अग्निदेवता सुभेद्य For Private and Personal Use Only 195 Page #205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 196 Technical Dictionary W Wainsot Waistband Waist girdle Waist string Walk-up Wakeman buff Wale Walk Wall plate Wand Wardship Wardrobe Waterlogged Wedge blade Whinger Whinyard Witan Working hypothesis. काष्ठास्तरण - कटिबंध • करधनी कमरबन्द पदारोही भवन - वभ्र पत्थर पट्ट पगडंडी - दाब वितरण पट्टी छड़ी निगरानी परिधान कक्ष जलाक्रांत स्फानफलक कटार असिका परिषद् सदस्य - कार्यकारी प्राक्कल्पना Xenodochium Xiuhcoat अतिथिगृह अग्निसर्प - For Private and Personal Use Only Page #206 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Historical Terms 197 Yaman . Yaqua Yellow peril Yellow press Yeoman Yourt Yuletide feasting मंदरिन निवास राजताल - पीत आतंक सनसनीखेज पत्रकारिता - गृहस्थ युर्ट, एस्कीमो का शीतकालीन निवास - क्रिसमिस समारोह Zababa Zapotec Zend-Avesta Zephyrus Zeus Ziggurat Zoo Zoomorphic Zoophorus Zoroaster Zwinger - सुमेर का युद्ध देवता - मेक्सिको का निवासी - जेन्द अवेस्ता - जेफिरस देवपति बेबोलोनिया का शिखरबन्द मंदिर चिड़ियाघर पशुरूप लटकन - जीव वल्लरी - जरदुरत - गढ़ी, दुर्ग For Private and Personal Use Only Page #207 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Page #208 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra woodburn Sarret Spana Yessoria BCOD AUUUU INDOW FUTTEHPORE-SIKRI MINARET MOSQUE AGRA Indian Saracenic www.kobatirth.org ניפיט D RACKET COLUMN DIWAN-I-KAS FUTTEHPORE-SIKRI KIOSK: FUTTEHPORE-SIKRI B STAIRS TO THRONE & ROOF BRACKET COLUMN C FAR PORCH GOPAL BHAWAN PALACE: DEEG: AGRA ANGLE OF SELIM CHISTEES TOMB th DIWAN-I-KAS:FUTTEHPORE-SIKRI 43.0 GPLAN (Κ. ELEVATION Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir DOOR:SELIM CHISTEES TOMB For Private and Personal Use Only 24000 H BRACKET:FUT TEHPORE-SIKRI L ARCH-SPRINGING MIHRAB: FUTTEHPORE-SIKRI Page #209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Prehistoric Architecture (ATHE HUT MONOLITH LOCMARIAKER:BRITTANY SHIELINGS: JURA: SCOTLAND WA mg .. 7.26 D BEEHIVE HUTS: LEWIS: SCOTLAND ( BEEHIVE HUT : IRELAND - 106' 0. DOLMEN:NR. REGNIER: SAVOY STONEHENGE (AS RESTORED BY WALTIRE) OTHE CAVE THE TENT For Private and Personal Use Only Page #210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Greek and Roman Architecture GREEK) ROMAN FILLET MOOOM ASTRAGAL (BEAD E REEL) CORONA D CAVETTO SCOTIA - SCOTIA OVOLO EGG E TONGUE ENRICHMENT) SECTION Y -CYMA RECTA ANTHEMION ACANTHUS DOLPHINS A HE +CYMA REVERSA (OGEE) LEAF E TONGUE ENRICHMENT SECTION X-X SECTION Y-Y ACANTHUS Ng DENTILS BIRD'S BEAK FLUTES CUILLOCHE TORUS BAY LEAF GARLAND For Private and Personal Use Only Page #211 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Egyptian Architectue Mammise Temple Island of Elephantine Restored CELLA ELEVATION SECTION CELLA 20 FEET 3 4 5 6 METRES PLAN CVIEW Porn E OLIE TEMPLE | KHONS :KARNAK CLEAR STORY CLEAR-STORY LIGHT HOLES COURT E SECTIONAL VIEW CLEAR-STORY BEYOND SACRED BOAT OF KHONS LONGITUDINAL SECTION CLEAR-STORY OVER HYPOSTYLE COURT HALL AN ng METRES URT FROM ENTRANCE For Private and Personal Use Only Page #212 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra B APAPYRUS CAPL (FROM NATURE) PHILE CEGYPTIAN GORGE OR HOLLOW &ROLL JUD CAPITAL N COMPOSITE CAPL: ESNA Egyptian Architecture C PAPYRUS (PAINTED) K www.kobatirth.org V OBOR D LOTUS FLOWERU (FROM NATURE) F LOTUS FLOWER (PAINTED) E alalala Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir LOTUS FLOWER (PAINTED) G D COLUMNS WITH BUD & BELL CAPITALS: MEDINET HABU For Private and Personal Use Only (E) LOTUS BUD (PAINTEDI ANTA P VOLUTE CAP: PHILA HATHOR HEAD CAPL: PHILA LOTUS R PAPYRUS H C PIERS: KARNAK M COLUMN WITH BELL CAPL: THEBES PALM CAPL: EDFU Page #213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Egyptian Architecture CONTINUOUS COIL SPIRAL QUADRUPLE SPIRAL GRAPE ORNAMENT TUS & PAPYRUS 1310110 MAYO ROPE & FEATHER ORNAMENT SACRED BOAT: THEBES ROPE & PATERÆ ORNAMENT 15 VOSIRIS PILLARS RAMESSEUM : THEBES DOORWAY IN PYLON. PHILÆ WINDOW MEDINET HABU PETALARNIER 01241VIZIONISAVED TOOT. WINGED SOLAR DISC. N GRANITE SPHINX LOUVRE : PARIS INCISED WALL SCULPTURE :KARNAY For Private and Personal Use Only Page #214 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra भोग मंडप www.kobatirth.org 952 Plan of Lingraj Temple Je G2ปี Q नर मंडप 0 0 H जगमोहन 10 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir BHH Plan of Konark Temple مسالہ 扫月 १५०१२३४२५०१५० For Private and Personal Use Only Page #215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Vivah Asthan Kartar Pur DADOOR Patal Puri Kirtar Pur How Manji Sahib Akoi Dapox Gurdwara Nankyana Gurdwara Loh Garh Dina Samar www.kobatirth.org Sangrur Darbar Sahib Muktsar Domes Guru Sar Hadiaya Gurdwara Shahidan Amritsar Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Golden Temple Amritsar For Private and Personal Use Only Tibbi Sahib Jaitu Darbar Sahib Dehra Baba Nanak Gurdwara Ram Sar Amritsar Gurdwara Gobind Garh Bhatinda Page #216 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra TRIANGULAR ROUND HORSESHOE 16 DEPRESSED THREE-CENTRED 21 PARABOLIC LANCET 12 EQUILATERAL (26)CINQUEFOIL METHOD OF SETTING FLAT OR STRAIGHT Comparative Arches 2 CORBELLED MULTIFOIL (17 FOUR-CENTRED (TUDOR) www.kobatirth.org 27 MULTIFOIL (32) ITALIAN POINTED 3 SEMI-CIRCULAR 8 HORSESHOE (13) DROP (18)RAMPANT (28)OGEE 4 SEMI-CIRCULAR STILTED Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 9 HORSESHOE 14 POINTED (19 22 ROUND TREFOIL 23 POINTED TREFOIL 24 TRIFOLIATED SEGMENTAL PSEUDO-FOUR-CENTRED (29)OGEE For Private and Personal Use Only 33 VENETIAN 34 FLORENTINE 5 POINTED (10) SARACENIC SEGMENTAL 15 THREE 20 30 CENTRED ELLIPTICAL 25 TRIFOLIATED PSEUDO-THREE-CENTRED SHOULDERED Page #217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Plan of Kandaria Mahadev Temple 30 20 1 40 by 90 40 no Jub e bernare ter o महा मंडप lan For Private and Personal Use Only Page #218 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir The Shikhara of Khajuraho amo TUK OBCASYS les IN For Private and Personal Use Only Page #219 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Baba Atal Types of Balconies and Windows in Sikh Architecture KIM Golden Temple www.kobatirth.org Baba Atal Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran Golden Temple Nankyana Sangrur Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Nankyana Sangrur Bahadur Garh Dam Dama Hargovind Pur Page #220 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Types of Pillars and Pilasters -- XIV VTT XIX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI For Private and Personal Use Only Page #221 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Gradual Development of the Stupas For Private and Personal Use Only Page #222 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Pillar Plan Minaret 9.01WIOTOT ما تقر به از فراز Cenotaph For Private and Personal Use Only Page #223 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Dashawatar Temple, Devaganwa Cenotaph olja oko mila Villems omo010101010 DOGO OUDOUNGE The Arch The Balcony For Private and Personal Use Only Page #224 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Types of Kiosks Minarets and Chhatries in Sikh Architecture Gobindgarh Bhatinda Dehra Baba Gurdita Kirat Pur Golden Temple Golden Temple Akal Takhat Dehra Baba Nanak Golden Temple Hol Garh Anand Pur Nankyana Sangrur BAD KT 4 Baba Gurditta Kirat Pur Nankyana Sangrur Harimandir Kirat Pur PO Golden Temple Golden Temple Golden Temple For Private and Personal Use Only Page #225 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Varieties of Arches Gurdwara Gobind Garh Bhatinda Gurdwara Manji Sahib Akoi Sangrur Gurdwara Bahadur Garh Patiala Gurdwara Baba Gudita Kirat Pur Gurdwara Moti Bagh Patiala Gurdwara Angitna Sahib Khadoor Gurdwara Loh Garh Dina Gurdwara Baou Sahib Goindwal For Private and Personal Use Only Page #226 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Stone age technique of making stone tools • Con रेखाचित्र 3 पाषाणयुगीन उपकरण बनाने की विधियां चित्र. 1 ब्लाक ऑन ब्लाक या अनविल तकनीक Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 2 एकांतर फलकीकरण 3 प्रत्यज्ञ प्रतिघात तकनीक 4 सिलेण्डर हैमर तकनीक 5 दबाव तकनीक For Private and Personal Use Only Page #227 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra aloot www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Early age stone implements ent रेखाचित्र 4 उप पाषाणयुगीन उपकरण चित्र. बचयें से दायें 1 रोस्ट्रोक्रीनेट, 2, 3 खुरचन यन्त्र 4. टेकुआं For Private and Personal Use Only Page #228 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Higher age ancient stone implements MINS HARMA FASURE रेखाचित्र 5 निम्न पुरापाषाण कालीन उपकरण चित्र. बचंये से दायें 1 शैलन कुन्दपो, 2-3 एश्यलन हस्त कुल्हाडी 4 क्लैकटोनियन फलक 5 लैवेलोशियन फलक, 6 कॉरडेट हस्त कुल्हाडी, 7 टारटायस आंतरक 8 माइकोकियन हस्त कुल्हाडी, 9 पियर शेप्ड हस्त कुल्हाडी For Private and Personal Use Only Page #229 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Higher age ancient stone implements WI sis SAN 358 KHATYAAVAT रेखाचित्र 6 मध्यपुरापाषाण कालीन उपकरण चित्र. बांये से दायें 1 सोल्डरड प्वांट, 2 लारेल लीफ 3 बेधनी, 4 अवतल खुरचन यन्त्र, 5 बेधक, 6चुलदार बेधनी,7 उत्तल खुरचन यन्त्र, 8 बाजू वाला खुरचन यन्त्र, 9 अस्थि उपकरण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #230 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Ancient Stone implements OKHARA न SANIRNOR OILERS (IIALA गा Anam REETMAITATTA m NIOM adhan ATTA Pralon RADIATRIERE HTOAAAAAALASARA VOLUN रेखाचित्र 7 उच्चपुरापाषाण कालीन उपकरण चित्र बांये से दायें : 1-4 औरिनेशियन उपकरण, 5-8 सौल्युटियन उपकरण, 9-12 मैग्दालीनियन उपकरण For Private and Personal Use Only Page #231 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Ancient Stone implements 7 m CS BIDERED रेखाचित्र 8 उच्च पुरापाषाण कालीन अस्थि उपकरण चित्र. बांये से दायें 1 बैटन्स-दा-कमैडक्मेंट 2 हार्पून, 3 बेधनी, 3. द्विमुखी बेधक, 4 पालिश करने का यन्त्र, 5 घोडें के दांत का आभूषण, 6. द्विमुखी बेधक, 7 मैग्दालीनियन हार्पून, 8 सुई For Private and Personal Use Only Page #232 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Upper palaeolithic homely art hp enota oirifiloeblog reqqu జ Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Vpit (1) रेखाचित्र 9 उच्च पुरापाषाण युगीन घरेलू कला चित्र. बांये से दायें 1 वीनस की मूर्ति 2 पाषाण पर नक्काशीयुक्त वीनस की आकृति, 3 हाथी दात की मूर्ति में जूड़े का अंकन, 4 हाथी दांत की वीनस की मूर्ति Page #233 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Upper palaeolithic stone art ANNY रेखाचित्र 10 उच्चपुरापाषाण युगीन कला (अ) चित्र. बांये से दायें 1 औरिनेशियन युग के हाथी का चित्र 2 घायल भैसें का चित्र, 3 अलतमिरा से प्राप्त चार रंगों से बना भैसें का चित्र, 4 रैनडियर के झुंड का चित्र । For Private and Personal Use Only Page #234 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Ancient Stone Implements Accoo रेखाचित्र 12 मध्यपाषाण कालीन उपकरण चित्र. बांये से दायें 1-8 लघुपाषाण उपकरण 9 श्रृंग बेधक 10. डूंग का फावडा 11. अस्थि निर्मित तीर 12. छषाण का बसूला 13. मछली पकड़ने के अस्थि निर्मित कांटे 14-15. अस्थि निर्मित यष्टि (Stick) 16. धनुष For Private and Personal Use Only Page #235 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Ancient Stone Implements RAND Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir रेखाचित्र 13 नवपाषाण कालीन उपकरण चित्र. बांये से दायें : 1 घृष्ट कुल्हाडी, 2 आंशिक पालिशयुक्त कुल्हाडी 3. छेनी समान कुल्हाडी 4-5 पालिशयुक्त कुल्हाडी 6 पालिशयुक्त छेनी, 7 अर्द्ध चन्द्राकारपालिशयुक्त कुल्हाडी, 8-11. क्यौडे । For Private and Personal Use Only श Page #236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Sindhu Valley Civilization Tools, Seals etc. रेखाचित्र 20 सिन्धु घाटी की सभ्यता चित्र. बांये से दायें 1-2 मोहनजोदडों से प्राप्त सील 3. चित्रित मृदभांड 4. छकी मिट्टी से निर्मित बैलगाडी, 5. मचेहनजोदडों से प्राप्त नर्तकी की कांस्य मूर्ति 6-9. ताम्र के बर्तन 10. क्डप्पा की कब्र में की गर्ल चित्रकारी. 11-16 हडप्पा से प्राप्त ताम्र टिकियां । For Private and Personal Use Only Page #237 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Megalithic Tomb நீதிக रेखाचित्र 21 महापाषाण समाधियां Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private and Personal Use Only Page #238 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir शब्दकोश // कला, इतिहास, पुरातत्त्व कोश॥ Technical Terms of Fine Arts, Architecture, Archaeology and History For Private and Personal Use Only