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________________ saMskRta meM prAcIna jaina sAhitya vAstava meM bIsavIM zatAbdI se pahale jaina saMskRta-sAhitya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se bilkula ojhala thaa| kisI ko mAlUma hI nahIM thA ki jaina sAhitya meM saMskRta granthoM ke rUpa meM amUlya nidhiyAM chipI par3I haiN| sabase pahale jaina saMskRta granthoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya jarmana vidvAna DaoN0 jekobI ko hai, jinhoMne athaka parizrama karake jaina saMskRta granthoM ko jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM se khoja kara nikAlA aura unakA gambhIra adhyayana karake mUlyAMkana kiyaa| isake bAda DA0 harTala, kItha aura viNTaraniTja Adi pAzcAttya vidvAnoM ne bhI jaina granthoM kA apane granthoM meM varNana kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa jainiyoM meM saMskRta vidvAnoM kI kamI thI; kyoMki brAhmaNa vidvAn jainiyoM ko nAstika samajha kara saMskRta nahIM par3hAte the / bAda meM zrI pUjyapAda gaNezaprasAdajI varNI ne banArasa meM tathA pUjyavara guru gopAladAsa varaiyA ne morainA (gvAliyara sTeTa) meM jaina saMskRta vidyAlaya sthApita kiye jinameM par3ha par3hakara aneka jaina vidvAn nikale aura unhoMne jaina granthoM kA sampAdana karake unheM prakAzita karavAyA / yadyapi aba taka aneka jaina saMskRta grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM, phira bhI aneka grantha- ratna aprakAzita haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI buddha bhagavAn ke samAna 'sarvajanahitAya' kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara apanA upadeza sAre uttara bhArata meM samajhI jAne vAlI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM diyA thA aura unhIM kA anusaraNa karane vAle jaina AcAryoM ne apane grantha ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM likhe the; kintu jisa prakAra mahAyAnI bauddhAcAryoM ne bAda meM mAgadhI yA pAlI bhASA ko chor3akara saMskRta ko grantha-racanA ke lie apanAyA, usI prakAra chaThI zatAbdI se lekara jainAcAryoM ne bhI apane granthoM ke lie saMskRta ko apanA liyA aura apanI sundara tathA mahattvapUrNa racanAoM se saMskRta sAhitya kI samRddhi meM apanA yogadAna kiyA / yadyapi sAhitya zabda saMskRta meM kevala kAvya, nATaka, campU, AkhyAyikA, kathA, geyapada, stotra tathA sUkti-granthoM ke lie hI prayukta hotA hai, kintu Adhunika samaya meM sAhitya ke antargata ve saba pustakeM A jAtI haiM jo usa bhASA meM likhI gaI hoN| isalie prAcIna jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke antargata ve sabhI grantha Ate haiM, jinako jaina AcAryoM ne athavA jaina vidvAnoM ne prAcIna kAla meM likhA thA- cAhe ve kAvya-nATakAdi hoM athavA jaina darzana, siddhAnta, vyAkaraNAdi viSayoM ke hoN| isalie isa lekha meM bhI pahale prAcIna jaina kAvyAdi kA aura tatpazcAt anya prAcIna jaina saMskRta granthoM kA varNana kiyA jAegA / saMskRta sAhitya kI koI bhI aisI vidhA nahIM hai, jisameM prAcIna jaina vidvAnoM ne racanA nahIM kii| yadyapi una sampUrNa granthoM kA paricaya itane choTe lekha meM nahIM diyA jA sakatA, phira bhI saMkSepa meM digdarzana karAyA jAtA hai / prAcIna jaina saMskRta kAvyoM ke antargata mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, AkhyAyikAeM, kathAeM, nATaka, campU, purANa, stotra tathA sUktigrantha Ate haiN| prAcIna jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM zrI harizcandra mahAkavi dvArA racita dharmazarmAbhyudaya, AcArya zrI vIranandi dvArA racita candraprabha caritam zrI vijaya sUri dvArA racita mallinAthacaritam tathA munisuvratacaritam zrI kamalaprabha sUri racita pradyumnacaritam, pArzvanAthacaritam puNDarIkacaritam Adi jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya patha zizupAlavadha, kirAtArjunIya kumArasambhava, raghuvaMza Adi saMskRta kAvyoM ke samakakSa haiM / inameM kAvya ke bhAvapakSa tathA kalApakSa donoM kA hI sundara samanvaya hai| inameM bahuta hI sundara varNana-zailI tathA kAvyAMgoM kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isI zreNI ke anya mahAkAvyoM meM zrI hemacandrAcArya kA AdinAthacaritam, zubhazIla gaNI kA vikramacaritam, jayazekhara sUrikA jainakumArasambhava, jina sUri kA vastupAlacaritam, kumArapAlacaritam tathA anya jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita jambUsvAmicaritam tathA zAntinAthacaritam Adi aneka jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya ullekhanIya haiN| DaoN0 zivacaraNalAla jaina khaNDakAvyoM meM pAzvabhyudaya, vidagdhamaNDana, yudhiSThiravijaya, draupadI svayaMvara, kSatracUDAmaNi, pavana jaina Adi aneka khaNDa-kAvya ginAye jA sakate haiN| nemicarita athavA neminirvANa kAvya meM to prasiddha meghadUta kAvya ke pratyeka zloka ke pratyeka caraNa kI samasyApUrti bar3e rocaka tathA varNanIya viSayAnukUla raMga se kI gaI hai| jaina sAhityAnuzIlana ha
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________________ prAcIna jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM dvayasmaya athavA dvayarthaka kAvyoM kA apanA nirAlA hI sthAna hai| zrI dhanaJjaya mahAkavi dvArA racita dvisandhAna mahAkAvya meM rAmAyaNa tathA pANDavakathA zliSTa rUpa meM sAtha-sAtha varNana kI gaI haiN| isI prakAra zrI haridatta sUri ke rAghavanaiSadhIya mahAkAvya meM zrIrAma aura mahArAja nala-donoM kathAoM kA zliSTa rUpa meM varNana hai| tathA rAghavapANDavIya kAvya meM zrIrAma aura pANDavoM kI kathAeM sAtha-sAtha zliSTa rUpa meM calatI haiM / yadyapi mahAkAvyoM meM do-cAra sagoM meM yamakAlaMkAra kA pradarzana avazyaMbhAvI hai, kintu pArvAbhyudaya kAvya kA koI bhI zloka aisA nahIM hai jisameM yamakAlaMkAra na ho| yahI nahIM, zrI meghavijaya sUri ke saptasaMdhAna nAmaka mahAkAvya meM sAta kathAeM zliSTa rUpa se vaNita kI gaI haiN| jaina sAhitya meM prAcIna saMskRta AkhyAyikoM kI gaNanA meM jainakavi zrI vAdirAjasUri racita gadyacintAmaNi tathA zrI dhanapAla kaviracita tilakamajarI, kAdambarI tathA dazakumAracarita kI samakakSa racanAeM haiN| inake atirikta narmadAsundarIcarita, zrIzAntinAthacarita, caMdrakevalicaritam, bhuvanabhAnukevalicaritam, pRthvIcarita, zIlavrata kathA, priyaMkara nRpakathA, Adibharatezvara vRtti, bRhatkathAkoSa, candradhavalabhUpakathA Adi gadyamaya AkhyAyikA-grantha jaina kaviyoM ke dvArA race gaye haiM aura ve saMskRta gadyakAvya ke bhaNDAra ko suzobhita karate haiN| jaina sAhitya meM gadyamaya kathA-sAhitya kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| aparAjitakathAnakam , jainakathAkoSa, citrasaMbhUti kathA, parvakathA saMgraha, bhaviSyadattakathA, mUladevakathA Adi kathAgrantha jaina sAhitya ke saMskRta padyamaya kathA-sAhitya ke udAharaNa haiM / gadya-padyamaya sundara zailI meM likhe gaye campU-kAvyoM kI bhI prAcIna jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM bar3I hI sundara racanAeM huI haiN| zrI somadevasUri-racita yazastilaka campU, zrI harizcandra mahAkavi viracita jIvandhara campU tathA anya jaina saMskRta kaviyoM ke dvArA racita purudeva campU Adi grantha jaina campU-kAvyoM ke sundara namUne haiM aura tulanA meM ye jainetara saMskRta campUkAvya-nalacampU, bhAratacampU Adi ke samakakSa rakhe jA sakate haiM / balki yazastilaka campU to rAjanIti kA sundara kAvya samajhA jAtA hai| prAcIna jaina saMskRta-sAhitya meM sundara jaina saMskRta-nATaka bhI vidyamAna haiM, kitu saMkhyA meM kAphI kama haiN| zrI hastimalla kavi dvArA racita-vikrAntakaurava tathA maithilIkalyANa nATaka bahuta hI sundara nATaka haiN| isI prakAra kavi nAgadeva kA madanaparAjaya tathA anya jaina kaviyoM ke makaradhvaja-parAjaya, muktibodha, mudita kumudacandra, prabodha-candrodaya Adi nATaka manobhAvoM kA mAnavIyakaraNa bar3e hI sundara rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| prAcIna jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM subhASita-ratnasandoha, nIti-vAkyAmRta, upadezataraMgiNI Adi nIti-grantha bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinako hama sUktikAvyoM meM rakha sakate haiM / prAcIna jaina kaviyoM ne sundara kAvyamaya zailI meM jaina stotra bhI race haiM, jinameM zrI samantabhadrAcArya kA devAgamastotra tathA svayaMbhUstotra bar3I hI sundara dArzanika zailI ke stotra haiM / devAgamastotra ke Upara to AtmamImAMsA vRtti tathA aSTasAhasrI mahAbhASya likhe gaye haiN| isameM jinendra bhagavAn ko sarvajJa siddha kiyA gayA hai| inake atirikta bhaktAmara, kalyANamandira ekIbhAva, viSApahAra, RSi maMDalastotra, jina caturvizatistotra, akalaMkastotra Adi aneka stotra kAvyamaya zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| yadi yahAM jaina purANoM kA paricaya nahIM diyA jAya to yaha lekha adhUrA hI samajhA jAyegA / prAcIna jainAcAryoM ne jaina purANoM ko likhane meM bhI kAvyamaya zailI kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| sabase pahalA jaina saMskRtapurANa padmapurANa hai jise hama jaina rAmAyaNa bhI kaha sakate haiN| isa purANa ko zrI raviSeNAcArya ne zrI vimala sUri ke prAkRta mahAkAvya 'pauma-caria' ke AdhAra para saMskRta meM zlokabaddha kiyA thaa| isameM zrIrAma aura rAvaNa kI vaMzAvali kA itihAsa bhI diyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt jinasenAcArya ne harivaMza purANa kI racanA kI aura isake bAda kAvyamaya zailI meM mahApurANa likhA gyaa| AcArya zrI jinasena ne ise prArambha kiyA aura ve isake AdipurANa bhAga ko hI pUrA kara paaye| isake zeSa bhAga ko inake pradhAna ziSya zrI guNabhadrAcArya ne uttarapurANa ke rUpa meM pUrA kiyaa| AdipurANa meM prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva tathA unake putra bharata cakravartI kA varNana hai tathA uttarapurANa meM zeSa 23 tIrthaMkaroM, cakravatiyoM, nArAyaNa, pratinArAyaNa tathA balabhadroM kA varNana hai / inake atirikta pANDavapurANa, pArzvapurANa Adi anya purANa bhI jaina AcAryoM ne saMskRta padyoM meM likhe| uparyukta jaina saMskRta kAvya-sAhitya ke atirikta jainAcAryoM ne alaMkAra-grantha bhI likhe, jinameM zrI dhanaJjaya kavi kA dazarUpaka nATakoM ke Upara tathA zrI ajitasenAcArya racita 'alaMkAracintAmaNi' alaMkAroM ke Upara sundara grantha haiM / isake atirikta zrI vAgbhaTTAcArya kA kAvyAnuzAsana tathA vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra, zrI hecandrAcArya kA kAvyAnuzAsana Adi alaMkAra-grantha bhI bahuta prasiddha haiN| inake sAtha-sAtha kAvyakalpalatAvRtti, prabandhacintAmaNi, prabandhakoSa Adi grantha kAvyaracanA ke zikSA-grantha haiN| zrI dhanaMjaya kavi kI dhanaMjayanAmamAlA' nAma kA jaina koSa-grantha bhI jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM vidyamAna hai| prAcIna jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta vyAkaraNa-grantha bhI likhe| inameM zrI zAkaTAyanAcArya kA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa, zrI guNanandi AcArya kA jainendra vyAkaraNa tathA usake Upara zabdArNavacandrikA, jainendra-mahAvRtti tathA jainendra-prakriyA Adi saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke sundara grantha haiN| jaina siddhAnta ke Upara prAcIna grantha yadyapi mUlarUpa meM ardhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM race gaye the, kintu bAda meM unakI gAthAoM ko saMskRta chAyArUpa AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ meM pariNata kara diyA gayA; isalie ina chAyA-granthoM kI gaNanA saMskRta granthoM meM kI jA sakatI hai| aise granthoM meM gomaTTasvAmi dvArA racita gomaTTasAra jIvakANDa meM jIvoM kA tathA gomaTTasAra karmakANDa meM karmoM kA vistRta varNana hai| nemicandrAcArya ke 'dravyasaMgraha' meM SaDdravyoM kA, paJcAstikAya meM kAladravya ke atirikta pAMca dravyoM kA varNana hai| trilokaprajJapti' meM tInoM lokoM kA bhaugolika varNana diyA gayA hai| jaina saMskRta AcAra-granthoM meM zrI samantabhadrAcArya kA ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, zrI amitagati AcArya kA puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zrI AzAdhara svAmI kA sAgaradharmAmRta tathA anagAradharmAmRta Adi prasiddha grantha ullekhanIya haiN| ina granthoM meM zrAvakoM ke tathA muniyoM ke AcaraNa-sambandhI vidhiniSedhamaya niyamoM, AcAroM tathA kriyA-kalApoM kA varNana hai| inake sAtha-sAtha jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta meM AdhyAtmika granthoM kI bhI racanA kI jinameM AtmA-paramAtmA kA, anityAdi bhAvanAoM kA samAdhibharaNAdi kA cintana hai| aise granthoM meM svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, AtmAnuzAsana, samayasAra, pravacanasAra Adi grantha ullekhanIya haiN| tattvArthasUtra athavA mokSazAstra jaina siddhAnta kA saMskRta sUtra-zailI meM likhA gayA mUla grantha hai| bhinna-bhinna viSayoM ke Upara isameM dasa adhyAya haiM jinameM sArA jaina siddhAnta viSaya samAviSTa hai / isake Upara sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavAtika, zlokavArtika Adi bar3e-bar3e bhASya bhI saMskRta meM likhe gaye haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gaye jaina darzanazAstroM kI to jaina sAhitya meM bahulatA hai| jaina nyAyadIpikA, AtmamImAMsA, AtmaparIkSA, jaina tattvAnuzAsana, aSTasAhasrI Adi aneka jaina darzanazAstra ojasvI bhASA meM likhe gaye, jinameM anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM tathA siddhAntoM kA khaNDana aura apane siddhAntoM kA maNDana akATya yuktiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| vizeSataH inameM bauddha siddhAntoM kA khaNDana hai| jaina tarkazAstra kA mUla, sUtra rUpa meM likhA gayA saMskRta-grantha 'parIkSAmukha' hai / isake Upara prameyaratnamAlA choTA tathA prameyakamalamArtaNDa bar3A bhASya hai| isake atirikta jaina sAhitya meM aneka mantrazAstra, jyotiSazAstra tathA auSadhizAstra bhI saMskRta meM likhe gaye haiN| isa prakAra sAhitya zabda ke vyApaka rUpa meM jaina saMskRta granthoM kA yahAM para saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisase hameM jJAta hotA hai ki jainAcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM kA saMskRta bhASA tathA sAhitya meM kitanA bar3A aura vyApaka yogadAna hai| sAMsArika vaibhava kI asAratA kA varNana karate hue AcArya kahate haiM AyurvAyutarastaraMga taralaM lagnApadaH saMpadaH ___ sarve'pIndriya gocarAzca caTulAH saMdhyAbhrarAgAdivat / mitra strI svajanAdisaMgamasukhaM svapnendrajAlopama tatkiM vastu bhave bhavediha mudAmAlambanaM yatsatAm // manuSya kA jIvana havA ke jhoMkoM se laharAtI huI laharoM ke samAna caMcala hai| sampatti vipattiyoM se ghirI huI hai| sukha duHkha se lagA huA hai| jIvana kA hara nATaka duHkhAnta hai| kAna-nAka-jIbha Adi indriyoM ko sukhada pratIta hone vAle viSaya saMdhyA-kAla ke AkAza kI aruNimA (lAlimA) kI bhAMti kucha kSaNa-bhara hI Tikane vAle haiN| aura mitra-strI-svajana-putra Adi viSayoM ke milana kA sukha aitA hai jaise jAdUgara kA khela ho, yA koI madhura svapna ho / saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu jaba aisI kSaNa-vinAzinI hai, anitya hai, taba vivekI puruSa ke lie, vastu ke pariNAma ko samajhane vAle jJAnI ke lie, saMsAra meM aisA kyA hai, jisake sahAre, jisake Alambana se, use kucha zAzvata sukha kI anubhUti ho?- arthAt aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jo hameM zAzvata sukha de ske| ataH bhavya jIvoM ko apane eka-eka pala kA sadupayoga karate hue zrI jinendra bhagavAn dvArA pratipAdita dharma ko dhAraNa karake nitya-nirantara Atma-kalyANa kI bhAvanA karanI caahie| (-AcArya ratna zrI dezabhuSaNajI mahArAja-kRta upadezasArasaMgraha, prathama bhAga, pR0 11) jaina sAhityAnuzIlana