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________________ 717 samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma bhAratIya itihAsa meM dhArmika mahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva ke sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kI dizA meM apane prayatna prArambha kiye hoN| jIvana pratiSThApakoM meM jina samrAToM kA ullekha milatA hai unameM samrATa azoka ke antima kAla meM usameM jo kucha dhArmika kaTTaratA ke lakSaNa pratIta hote evaM harSa ke bAda samrATa akabara kA nAma AtA hai| bhAratIya muslima zAsakoM haiM, unakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIvana kI antima avasthA meM paraloka ke meM jo sAmAnyatayA dhArmika dRSTi se kaTTaratAvAdI rahe haiM, akabara hI eka bhaya ke kAraNa dharma ke prati eka vizeSa lagAva utpanna ho jAtA hai| antima mAtra aisA vyaktitva hai, jo siddhAnta evaM vyavahAra donoM hI dRSTiyoM se kAla meM usakI dhArmika kaTTaratA sambhavata: isI kA pariNAma thii| apekSAkRta rUpa meM dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kA samarthaka rahA hai, usake mana meM jo dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva vikasita huA cAhe yaha usane apane rAjanaitika uddezyoM kI pUrti hetu hI kiyA ho| yaha usakA kAraNa kyA thA, isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha satya hai ki vaha anya dharma va paramparAoM ke AcArya, santoM aura vidvAnoM bhI mAnA hai ki vaha jaina AcAryoM ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa huA thaa| ko apane darabAra meM sammAnapUrvaka sthAna detA thaa| akabara kI dhArmika jaina dharma apane prArambhika kAla se hI anekAntavAda kA samarthaka rahA hai udAratAvAdI dRSTi ke pariNAmasvarUpa aneka kaTTara muslima ulemA bhI aura usakA siddhAnta dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kA samarthaka hai| yaha usake Alocaka evaM virodhI rahe haiM, phira bhI akabara ne unakI paravAha to spaSTa hai ki akabara hIravijaya, samayasundara, vijayasena, bhAnucandra na karake apane prazAsana meM anya dharma-paramparA ke logoM ko samucita sthAna Adi aneka jaina AcAryoM aura muniyoM ke samparka meM rahA hai| jaina dharma diyA aura unakI bhAvanAoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyaa| meM dhArmika sahiSNutA va sadbhAva kA vikAsa jo anekAnta ke siddhAnta akabara meM dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kI dRSTi kina kAraNoM para huA hai usakI samasta carcA to yahA~ sambhava nahI hai, kintu usake se vikasita huI, yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai? isa sambandha meM itihAsakAroM AdhAra para yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki akabara ke jIvana meM evaM samAlocakoM ke mantavya alaga-alaga haiN| kucha yaha mAnate haiM ki dhArmika sahiSNutA va sadbhAva ke evaM pazuvadha aura mAMsAhAra ko kama akabara ne apanI nItiyoM meM jisa dhArmika udAratA kA paricaya diyA usakA karane sambandhI jisa dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa huA, vaha AcAryoM ke kAraNa usakI rAjanaitika mahattvAkAMkSA hI thii| vaha apane prazAsana meM jisa samparka kA hI pariNAma thaa| amana va zAnti kI apekSA rakhatA thA, vaha dhArmika kaTTaratA meM sambhava akabara se jina jaina AcAryoM kA vizeSa rUpa se sambandha rahA na hokara dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva ke dvArA hI sambhava thii| apanI hai unameM hIravijaya sUri, vijayasena sUri, bhAnucandra upAdhyAya, upAdhyAya isa udAravAdI dRSTi ke AdhAra para vaha bhAratIya jana-mAnasa ko vizeSa zAnticandra, upAdhyAya samayasundara, upAdhyAya siddhicaMdra, jinacaMdrasUri, rUpa se hindU jana-mAnasa ko prabhAvita karanA cAhatA thA aura yaha dikhAnA nandavijaya, jayasoma, mahopAdhyAya sAdhukIrti Adi mukhya haiN| ata: cAhatA ki vaha eka muslima zAsaka hokara bhI hinduoM kA hitacintaka akabara meM pazu-vadha, mAMsAhAra-niSedha tathA dhArmika sahiSNutA kI jo hai| ata: vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki usakI yaha dhArmika sadbhAva va sahiSNutA pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai usakA eka kAraNa usa para ina jaina santoM kA prabhAva kI nIti vastuta: usakI rAjanItika mahattvAkAMkSA kA hI pariNAma hai, bhI hai| akabara ne jaina santoM ko jo faramAna pradAna kiye the, unase bhI kyoMki apane prazAsana ke prArambha aura anta meM vaha eka kaTTara muslima ina tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| akabara ke dvArA jaina AcAryoM ke jArI faramAnoM zAsaka ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AtA hai, jabaki usakA madhyakAla dhArmika meM mukhya faramAna aura unakI viSayavastu nimnalikhita haiudAratA kA paricAyaka hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki akabara kI dhArmika AcArya hIravijaya sUri ko akabara dvArA pradatta prathama faramAna sahiSNutA kI nIti usakI prazAsanika AvazyakatA thI, kyoMki yadi meM yaha nirdeza hai ki paryuSaNa ke 12 dinoM meM una kSetroM meM jahA~ jaina jAti svabhAvata: ina siddhAntoM meM usakI AsthA hotI to jisa jajiyA kara ko nivAsa karatI hai, koI bhI jIva na mArA jaay| miti 7 jamAdulasAnI, usane samApta kiyA thA, use hI apane susthApita hone bAda punaH lAgU hijarI, san 992 / (dekheM-nInA jaina, mugala samrAToM kI dhArmika nIti, nahIM krtaa| pR0161-162) dUsarA dRSTikoNa yaha bhI hai ki akabara vastuta: eka udAra dUsarA faramAna bhI hIravijaya sUri ko diyA gyaa| isameM dRSTikoNasampanna vyakti thA, kyoMki usane apane jIvana ke AdhAra para yaha siddhAcala (zatrujaya), girinAra, tAraMgA, kezariyAjI, AbU (sabhI pAyA thA ki hindU evaM muslima donoM hI dharmoM ke kaTTaratAvAdI loga vastuta: gujarAta), rAjagiri, sammeda zikhara Adi jaina tIrtha-kSetroM meM pahAr3oM para jana-mAnasa ko gumarAha karate haiM aura sAmAjika zAnti ko bhaMga karate haiN| tathA mandira ke Asa-pAsa koI bhI jIva na mArA jaay| isa ullekha ke phatehapura sIkarI meM banAe gae ibAdatakhAne meM ye dhArmika loga kisa prakAra sAtha yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi pazu-hiMsA kA niSedha islAma ke se apane sthAna Adi ko lekara Apasa meM lar3ate the, isa sabako dekhakara viruddha lagatA hai, phira bhI paramezvara ko pahacAnane vAle manuSyoM kA kAyadA sambhava hai use dharmAndhatA se vitRSNA utpanna ho gayI ho aura usane dhArmika hai ki kisI ke dharma meM dakhala na deN| ye arja merI naz2ara meM durusta mAlUma
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________________ 718 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 pdd'ii| tArIkha 7 mAha uradI behesta mutAbika raviula avala vahI, san kintu yaha nizcita hai ki usakI jo bhI anubhUti thI, vaha jaina darzana ke 37 julusii| yaha ilAhI saMvat 35 mutAbika 28vIM muharrama, san 999 anekAnta siddhAnta ke anukUla thii| yaha bhI nizcaya hai ki AcAryoM ne hiz2arI kA hai| (dekheM-vahI, pR0163-164) usakI isa anubhUti ko apane anekAnta siddhAnta ke anukUla batAkara horavijaya ko diye gae tIsare faramAna meM vizeSa rUpa se dhArmika use puSTa kiyA hogA aura pariNAmasvarUpa akabara para unakI isa udArasahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kI bAta kahI gayI hai| (vahI, pR0165-166) vRtti kA prabhAva huA hogaa| cauthA faramAna akabara dvArA vijayasena sUri ko pradAna kiyA akabara para jaina sAdhuoM kA prabhAva isaliye bhI adhika par3A gayA thaa| ye hIravijaya ke ziSya the| isa faramAna meM yaha likhA hai ki kyoMki ve ni:spRha aura aparigrahI the, unhoMne rAjA se apanI sukha-suvidhA hara mahIne meM kucha dina gAya, baila, bhaiMsa Adi ko nahIM khAnA aura use ke lie kabhI kucha nahIM mA~gA, jaba bhI bAdazAha ne unase kucha mA~gane ucita evaM farja mAnanA tathA pakSiyoM ko na mAranA tathA unheM pijar3e meM kI bAta kahI to unhoMne sadaiva hI sabhI dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke saMrakSaNa kaida na krnaa| jaina maMdiroM evaM upAzrayoM para koI kabjA na kare tathA jIrNa tathA pazu-hiMsA va mAMsAhAra ke niSedha ke faramAna hI maaNge| mandiroM ko banavAne para unheM koI bhI vyakti na roke| isa taraha yaha bhI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki akabara, jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ nirdeza hai ki varSA Adi honA yA na honA Izvara ke adhIna hai, isakA doSa taka mug2ala-samrAToM kI jo udAra nIti rahI hai usake mUla meM inake jaina sAdhuoM para denA mUrkhatA hai| jainoM ko apane dharma ke anusAra apanI darabAroM meM upasthita aura ina samrAToM ke dvArA AdRta jaina AcAryoM kA dhArmika kriyAeM karane denA caahie| tArIkha, zaharyura, mahInA ilAhI, san bhI mahattvapUrNa hAtha hai| 46 mutAbika tArIkha 25 mahInA saphana, hijarI san 1010 / (vahI, hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki jainAcAryoM pR0167-168) ke prabhAva ke atirikta aise anya tathya bhI the jinakA prabhAva akabara kI akabara kA pA~cavA~ faramAna jinacandra sUri ko diyA gayA hai| udAravAdI nIti para rahA hogaa| akabara kI dhArmika udAratA kA eka kAraNa AcArya jinacandra sUri ne 'paryuSaNa ke bAraha dinoM meM hiMsA na ho', aisA yaha bhI thA ki usake pitA ko aura svayaM use bhI apanI sattA ke lie Adeza prApta kiyA thaa| usameM pUrva bAraha dinoM ke atirikta ASAr3ha zukla hinduoM kI apekSA muslimoM se hI adhika saMgharSa karanA par3A thA aura kI navamIM se pUrNamAsI taka bhI kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kI jAya, aisA akabara ne yaha samajha liyA thA ki bhArata para zAsana karane meM usake mukhya nirdeza hai-tArIkha 31 khuradAda ilAhI, san 49 (vahI, pR0 171) pratispardhI hindU na hokara musalamAna hI haiN| dUsare yaha ki usane hinduoM akabara dvArA jaina sAdhuoM kA sammAna karane tathA unheM faramAna para zAsana karane hetu unakA sahayoga prApta karanA Avazyaka samajhA thaa| dene kI jo paramparA prArambha huI thI, usakI vizeSatA yaha thI ki usakI isa prakAra rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM ne bhI use dhArmika udAratA kI nIti agalI pIr3hI meM bhI na kevala sAdhuoM ko unake darabAra meM sthAna milA svIkAra karane hetu vivaza kiyA thaa| apitu unheM zahajAdoM kI zikSA kA dAyitva bhI diyA gyaa| akabara ke anta meM, jaisA ki spaSTa hai, akabara meM dhArmika udAratA kA pazcAt jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ ne bhI isI prakAra ke amArI arthAt pazu- eka kramika vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| prArambha meM vaha eka niSThAvAna hiMsA-niSedha ke faramAna diye| akabara ke mana meM mAMsAhAra evaM pazuhiMsA- musalamAna hI rahA hai| cAhe vaha kaTTara dharmAndha na rahA ho phira bhI usake niSedha ke lie jo vicAra vikasita hue the, unake pIche ina jainAcAryoM prArambhika jIvana meM usakI islAma ke prati niSThA adhika thI, kintu kA prabhAva rahA hai, isa tathya se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| rAjapUta rAjAoM se mile sahayoga evaM rAjapUta kanyAoM se vivAha ke akabara meM jo dhArmika sahiSNutA va sadbhAva kI bhAvanA kA pariNAmasvarUpa usameM dhArmika udAratA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| usane apanI vikAsa huA usakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki usane svayaM apanI anubhUti rAniyoM ko apanI-apanI dhArmika niSThAoM evaM vidhiyoM ke anusAra ke AdhAra para yaha jAna liyA thA ki koI bhI dharma pUrNa nahIM hai aura upAsanA kI anumati dI thii| dhIre-dhIre phakIroM evaM sAdhuoM ke satsaMga caramasatya ko jAna lenA mAnava ke vaza kI bAta nhiiN| phatehapura sIkarI se bhI usameM eka AdhyAtmika cetanA kA vikAsa huA aura usane ke ibAdataqhAne meM vaha vibhinna dharmoM ke vidvAn AcAryoM kI bAteM sunatA yuddhabandiyoM ko musalamAna banAne aura gulAma banAne kI prathA ko samApta thA aura anya dharmoM ke prati kI gayI unakI samAlocanA para dhyAna bhI kiyaa| sarvaprathama usane san 1563 meM tIrthayAtriyoM para se kara tathA usake detA thA, isase use yaha jJAna ho gayA thA ki koI bhI dharma pUrNa nahIM hai| bAda jajiyA kara samApta kara diyA, sAtha hI gaira musalamAnoM ko apane kisI bhI dharma-paramparA dvArA apanI pUrNatA kA evaM apane ko ekamAtra satya dhArmika sthaloM ko nirmita karavAne kI chUTa dI aura unheM ucca-padoM para hone kA dAvA karanA nirarthaka hai| yaha vahI dRSTi thI jo ki anekAnta kI adhiSThita kiyaa| ye aise tathya haiM jo batAte haiM ki akabara meM jisa dhArmika tattva vicAraNA meM jaina-AcAryoM ne prastuta kI thI aura jise unhoMne darzana udAratA kA vikAsa huA thA, vaha eka kramika vikAsa thaa| isa kramika paramparA kA AdhAra banAyA thaa| cAhe akabara meM yaha udAra yA anekAntika vikAsa se yaha bhI pratiphalita hotA hai ki vaha paristhitiyoM evaM vyaktiyoM dRSTi jaina AcAryoM ke prabhAva se AyI ho yA dharmAcAryoM ke pArasparika se prabhAvita hotA rahA hai| ata: jainAcAryoM ke dvArA bhI usakA prabhAvita vAda-vivAda aura samIkSA ke kAraNa, jinakA samrATa svayaM sAkSI hotA thA, honA svAbhAvika hai| ata: akabara ke jIvana meM jo udAratA evaM ahiMsaka
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________________ khajurAho kI kalA aura jainAcAryoM kI samanvayAtmaka evaM sahiSNu dRSTi 719 vRtti kA vikAsa huA usakA bahuta kucha zreya jainAcAryoM ko bhI hai| pabliziMga hAusa, naI dillI, 1962. sandarbha-grantha dI mug2ala empAyara, AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava, zivalAla eNDa kampanI, mugala samrAToM kI dhArmika nIti, ku. nInA jaina, kAzInAtha sarApha, AgarA, 1967. vijayadharma sUri, samAdhi mandira, zivapurI, 1991. / sUrIzvara ane samrATa, munirAja vidyAvijaya jI, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, maNidhArI zrI jinacandra sUri abhinandana grantha, agaracanda nAhaTA va bha~vara bhAvanagara, saM0 1979. lAla nAhaTA, maNidhArI jinacandra sUri aSTama zatAbdI samAroha samiti, jagadguru hIra, mumukSu bhavyAnanda, vijayazrI jJAna mandira, ghANerAva, dillI, san 1971. mAravAr3a, saMvat 2008. akabara dI greTa, vi0e0 smitha, oNksaphorDa aiTa dI kleraNDana presa. jaina zAsana dIpAvalI no khAsa aMka, hIravijaya sUri oNra dI jainsa aiTa 1919. dI korTa oNpha akabara, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI, harSacanda bhUrAbhAI, banArasa dI rilIjiyasa paoNlisI oNfa dI mug2ala empararsa, zrI rAma zarmA, eziyA siTI, saMvat 2438. khajurAho kI kalA aura jainAcAryoM kI samanvayAtmaka evaM sahiSNu dRSTi khajurAho kI mandira evaM mUrtikalA ko jainoM kA pradeya kyA hai? jainAcAryoM ne ina paristhitiyoM meM buddhimattA se kAma liyA, isa carcA ke pUrva hameM usa yuga kI paristhitiyoM kA Akalana kara lenA unhoMne yugIna paristhitiyoM se eka aisA sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA, jisake hogA / khajurAho ke mandiroM kA nirmANakAla IsvI san kI navIM zatI kAraNa unakI svatantra pahacAna bhI banI rahI aura bhAratIya saMskRti kI ke uttarArdha se bArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha ke madhya hai / yaha kAlAvadhi eka usa yuga kI mukhya dhArA se unakA virodha bhI nahIM rahA / unhoMne apane ora jaina sAhitya aura kalA ke vikAsa kA svarNayuga hai kintu dUsarI vItarAgatA evaM nivRtti ke Adarza ko surakSita rakhate hue bhI hindU deva ora yaha jainoM ke astitva ke lie saMkaTa kA kAla bhI hai| maNDala ke aneka devI-devatAoM ko, unakI upAsanA paddhati aura guptakAla ke prArambha se pravRttimArgI brAhmaNa paramparA kA punaH karmakANDa ko, yahA~ taka ki tantra ko bhI apanI paramparA ke anurUpa abhyudaya ho rahA thaa| jana-sAdhAraNa tapa-tyAga pradhAna nIrasa vairAgyavAdI rUpAntarita karake svIkRta kara liyaa| mAtra yahI nahIM hindU samAja vyavasthA paramparA se vimukha ho rahA thA, use eka aise dharma kI talAza thI jo usakI ke varNAzrama siddhAnta aura unakI saMskAra paddhati kA bhI jainIkaraNa karake mano-daihika eSaNAoM kI pUrti ke sAtha mukti kA koI mArga prazasta kara unheM AtmasAt kara liyaa| sAtha hI apanI ora se sahiSNutA aura sadbhAva sake / manuSya kI isI AkAMkSA kI pUrti ke lie hindUdharma meM vaiSNava, kA paricaya dekara apane ko nAmazeSa hone se bacA liyA / hama prastuta zaiva, zAkta aura kaula sampradAyoM kA tathA bauddha dharma meM vajrayAna sampradAya Alekha meM khajurAho ke mandira evaM mUrtikalA ke prakAza meM inhIM tathyoM kA udaya huaa| inhoMne tapa-tyAga pradhAna vairAgyavAdI pravRttiyoM ko nakArA ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kreNge| aura phalata: jana-sAdharaNa ke AkarSaNa ke kendra bane / nivRttimArgI zramaNa khajurAho ke hindU aura jaina paramparA ke mandiroM kA nirmANa paramparAoM ke lie aba astitva kA saMkaTa upasthita ho gayA thaa| unake samakAlIna hai, yaha isa tathya kA dyotaka hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM kisI lie do hI vikalpa zeSa the yA to ve tapa-tyAga ke kaThora nivRttimArgI sImA taka sadbhAva aura saha-astitva kI bhAvanA thii| kintu jaina mandira AdarzoM se nIce utarakara yuga kI mA~ga ke sAtha koI sAmaMjasya sthApita samUha kA hindU mandira samUha se paryApta dUrI para honA, isa tathya kA sUcaka kareM yA phira unake virodha meM khar3e hokara apane astitva ko hI nAmazeSa hai ki jaina mandiroM ke lie sthala-cayana meM jainAcAryoM ne buddhimattA aura hone deN| dUra-dRSTi kA paricaya diyA tAki saMgharSa kI sthiti ko TAlA jA ske| bauddhoM kA hInayAna sampradAya, jainoM kA yApanIya sampradAya, jJAtavya hai ki khajurAho kA jaina mandira samUha hindU mandira samUha se lagabhaga AjIvaka Adi dUsare kucha anya zramaNa sampradAya apane kaThora nivRttimArgI 2 kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita hai / yaha satya hai ki mandira nirmANa AdarzoM se samajhautA na karane ke kAraNa nAmazeSa ho gye| bauddhoM kA dUsarA meM donoM paramparAoM meM eka sAtvika pratispardhA kI bhAvanA bhI rahI tabhI varga jo mahAyAna ke rAste yAtrA karatA huA vajrayAna ke rUpa meM vikasita to donoM paramparAoM meM kalA ke utkRSTa namUne sAkAra ho sake kintu huA thA, yadyapi yugIna paristhitiyoM se samajhautA aura samanvaya kara rahA jainAcArya isa sambandha meM sajaga the ki saMgharSa kA koI avasara nahIM diyA thA, kintu vaha yuga ke pravAha ke sAtha itanA baha gayA ki vaha vAma mArga jAye kyoMki jahA~ hindU mandiroM kA nirmANa rAjyAzraya se ho rahA thA, vahA~ meM aura usameM upAsya bheda ke atirikta anya koI bheda nahIM raha gayA thaa| jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa vaNik varga kara rahA thA / ata: itanI sajagatA isa kAraNa eka ora usane apanI svatantra pahacAna kho dI tathA dUsarI Avazyaka thI ki rAjakIya koSa evaM bahujana samAja ke saMgharSa ke avasara ora vAsanA kI pUrti ke paMka meM AkaNTha DUba jAne se jana-sAdhAraNa kI alpatama hoM aura yaha tabhI sambhava thA jaba donoM ke nirmANasthala paryApta zraddhA se bhI vaMcita ho gayA aura antataH apanA astitva nahIM bacA skaa| dUrI para sthita hoN|