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________________ samanvaya kA mArga syAdvAda * DaoN. udayacaMdra jaina ___bhAratIya darzana kI sudUragAmI paramparA hai| RSi-maharSi yogI-mahAtmAoM saMtoM, vicArakoM, dArzanikoM evaM cintanazIla manISiyoM ne adhyAtma-jagat meM kucha na kucha vicAra, mata yA vAda tarka avazya pradAna kie| unake phalasvarUpa cintana ke kSetra meM nae-nae vicAra aae| nae-nae cintana ubhare tathA naI-naI vicAra-dhArAoM ko aMkurita, pallavita, puSpita evaM phalita hone meM vizeSa bala milaa| adhyAtmavAdI aura bhautikavAdI vicAroM ko panapane meM bhI sahayoga milaa| bhAratIya cintana kI vicAradhArA Atma-tatva ko bala dene lagI, kyoMki pratyeka dArzanika AtmA ko sarvopari mAnakara AtmA, baMdhana, mukti, jIva evaM jagat tathA Izvara ko apane cintana kA viSaya banAne lgaa| bhArata kI prAcIna dArzanika paramparA meM jaina-darzana bhI AtmavAdI dRSTi para AdhArita samanvaya ke gIta gAne lagA, vizva zAnti kI parikalpanA kI gii| isa vicAra-dhArA ko jJAna-vijJAna kI tarAjU para tolA jAne lgaa| jainadarzana kI vicAradhArA arhat-mata ke rUpa meM vikhyAta huii| RSabha se mahAvIra paryanta jo kucha bhI cintana prastuta kiyA gayA, vaha saba eka pakSa para AdhArita na hokara samanvaya ke mUla siddhAnta ko lekara apane cintana ko prastuta karane lgaa| tIrthaMkaroM evaM gaNadharoM ke bAda jo kucha bhI kahA gayA vaha saba eka pakSa kI mukhyatA aura dUsare pakSa kI gauNatA ko sadaiva sthApita karatA rhaa| sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI dRSTi naya para kendrita ho gii| jo bhI vastu tatva kI siddhi hai vaha eka pakSa sat yA asat para hI TikI nahIM raha gaI, apitu jisa samaya sat rUpa meM vastu kA vivecana kiyA gayA, usa samaya sat kI pradhAnatA hai, asat kA abhAva nahIM, apitu asat kA sadbhAva hote hue bhI usakI upasthiti gauNa rUpa avazya banI rahatI hai, jisa samaya kalama kahA jAtA hai, usa samaya kalama kI pramukhatA, pustaka Adi kI gauNatA banI rahatI hai, eka kA kathana karane para dUsare kI sarvathA abhAva nahIM ho jAtA hai| yadi eka vizvazAnti yA astra-zastra kA niSedha karanA hai usa samaya anya vastu kA niSedha nahIM ho jAtA hai| sat dravya hai, jo parivartanazIla hai kiMtu usakA sarvathA vinAza nahIM ho jAtA hai| apitu vaha sat rUpa vastu jisa samaya jisa rUpa meM parivartana ko prApta hotI hai, usa samaya vaha vastu usa rUpa ko prApta hotI hai, koI bhI vastu apane astitva ko chor3akara anya padArtha rUpa nahIM ho jAtI hai, yadi padArtha jar3a hai to vaha cetana bhI nahIM ho jAegA, yadi cetana hai to vaha jar3a nahIM ho sakatA hai| jar3a aura cetana padArtha to haiM para ve alaga-alaga apane guNoM para Tike hue haiN| pratyeka padArtha kA apanA svarUpa hai| gItA kI bhI yahI dRSTi hai - "nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH| arthAt asat kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura sat kA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA hai| (184)
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________________ syAdvAda jaina darzana kI eka pramukha dArzanika vicAradhArA hai, jisameM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se padArtha kI sattA kA, vastu ke astitva kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| syAdvAda kI zailI vastu ke dharma evaM guNa para AdhArita hai, jisakA vizAla dRSTikoNa hai jisameM samanvayAtmaka vivakSA hai| syAvAda kI paramparA - samanvaya kabhI nahIM hotA hai| yaha aitihAsika aura paurANika mahApuruSoM tIrthaMkaroM Adi kI vicAra (cintana) dhArA se phalIbhUta huA hai| mahAvIra kI antima dezanA ke bAda jJAna kI akSuNNa dhArA banAe rakhane kA prayAsa jaba se huA tabhI se syAdvAda siddhAnta ko vizeSa bala milaa| mahAvIra ke pUrva pArzva aura usase pUrva bhI yaha pracalita rahA hogA, kyoMki sarvajJa, vItarAga vANI meM kahIM, bhI kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| jo kucha artha rUpa meM pratipAdita thA, use gautama gaNadhara ne sUtra baddha kiyA aura usI ko AcAryoM ne lipibaddha kara zrutadhArA kI avicchinna dhArA yahA~ taka phuNcaaii| arahaMta-bhAsiyatthaM gaNaharadevehiM gaMthiyaM smm| sa.19 tIrthaMkara kA upadeza hai - jaM icchasi appaNato, jaM ca Na icchasi appaNato / taM iccha parassa vi yA, etiyagaM jinnsaasnnN|| sa.mu. 242 syAvAda kI aitihAsikatA itihAsa to isakA nizcita nahIM, kintu itanA avazya hai ki yaha veda, upaniSada Adi ke dArzanika cintana ke sAtha sadaiva sAmane AtA rahA hai| kyoMki bheda vyavahAra kI daSTi prArambha se hI rahI hogii| isalie pramANa, nae evaM nikSepa dvArA yukta0ayukta kI samIkSA kI gii| nizcaya-vyavahAra, dravyArthika paryAyArthika kA AdhAra likhA gyaa| mahAvIra se pUrva se hI yaha paramparA calI A rahI hai| nAsti, asti kI sApekSa dRSTi rahI hai| rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne zUnyavAda ko sApekSa rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA hai| nAgArjuna ne vastu ko na bhAva rUpa mAnA, na abhAva rUpa, na ubhaya rUpa, na anubhaya rUpa maanaa| nAgArjuna ne vastu ko avAcya maanaa| vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM ne vijJAna rUpa maanaa| sAMkhya ne sat para bala diyaa| AcArya siddhasena ne loka vyavahAra ko banAe rakhane kA spaSTa rUpa meM kathana kiyA - jeNa viNA logassa vi, vavahAro savvahA na nivvhi| tassa bhuvaNekka-guruNo, Namo annegNtvaayss|| sa.660 jAvaMto vayaNapadhA - arthAt jitane bhI vacana patha haiM, utane hI naya haiM, kyoMki sabhI vacana vaktA ke abhiprAya ko vyakta karate haiM, aise vacanoM meM yadi eka hI dharma kI mukhyatA banI rahI to ve samanvaya mUlaka nahIM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki haThayAhI bhAva kabhI eka sUtratA ko nahIM lA sakate haiN| durAgraha bhI yadi vyAptijanyaM, padArtha ke yathArtha svarUpa ko kathana karane vAlA hai to vaha durAgraha vastu ke eka vizeSa artha ko avazya kathana kara skegaa| isalie sApekSa satyagrAhI dRSTi samIcIta mAnI gaI hai| (185)
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________________ syAdvAda kA vyutpatti evaM artha - viNaya-NisehaNasIlo, NipAdaNAdo ya jo hu khalu siddho| so siyasaddo bhaNio, jo sAvekkhaM psaahedi|| sama.715 __ arthAt jo sadA niyama kA niSedha karatA hai, nipAta rUpa se siddha hai, vaha syAt zabda hai, jo sApekSa ko siddha karatA hai| syAt zabda kA prayoga nipAta rUpa meM prayoga hone ke kAraNa syAt+vAda kA artha zAyada yA sambhava na hokara nizcita apekSA kA dyotaka hai| ___ avaroppara-sAvekhaM aha pamANa-visamaM vaa| (jainendra ni. 498) pramANa va naya ke viSaya paraspara eka dUsare kI apekSA karate haiM athavA eka naya kA viSaya dUsare naya kI apekSA karatA hai yahI sApekSa dRSTi hai anya nhiiN| kyoMki naya vastu ke eka dharma kI vivakSA/apekSA se loka vyavahAra sAdhanA hai arthAt kisI eka dharma hI usakA viSaya hotA hai, isalie usa samaya usI dharma kI vivakSA/apekSA rahatI hai| jisa samaya lAla TopI vAle ko lAo aisA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, usa samaya lAla TopI kI vivakSA rhegii| sApekSa se niyama se samasta vyavahAroM kI siddhi hotI hai -sayala-vavahAra siddhI suNayAdo hodinniymenn|" syAdvAda meM syAt asti ghaTaH, syAd nAsti ghaTaH kA pratipAdana hai| isalie syAdavAda nizcita apekSA kA kathana karane vAlA siddhAnta hai? 1. sApekSa syAdvAda hai, nirapekSa nhiiN| 2. vivakSA kI prayoga vidhi-vidhi evaM niSedha rUpa hai| 3. apekSA-aneka dharmoM se yukta hai| 4. syAdvAda kI vivakSA-mukhya aura gauNa rUpa hai| 5. syAdvAda kA kathecita aisA bhI hai yaha kathana sApekSa kA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai| syAdavAd kI saptabhaMgI vyavasthA - naya yA pramANa donoM kA viSaya paraspara meM sApekSa viSaya ko hI AdhAra banAtA hai| bhaMga/vacana vyavahAra sapta rUpa meM hone se sapta bhaMgI sApekSatA ke pratipAdana meM sahAyaka satteva huMti bhaMgA, paNAma-Naya-duNaya bhedajuttA vi| siya sAvekkhaM pamANaM, pAeNa Naya duNaya nnirvekkhaa|| (sama. 716) pramANa, naya aura durnaya ke bheda se yukta sAta bhaMga hai| syAt ApekSa naya pramANa hai| isake sAta bheda saptabhaMgI haiN| asthi ti Nasthi do vi ya avvattavvaM sieNa sNjutN| avvattA ne taha, pamANabhaMgI su-nnaayvvaa|| (sama 717) 1. syAt asti, 2. syAt nAsti, 3. syAt asti nAsti, 4. syAt bhavaktavya, 5. syAt asti avaktavya, 6. syAt nAsti avaktavya, 7. svAt asti nAsti avktvy| (186)
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________________ yaha vyavasthA (asti aura nAsti) svadravya, svakSetra, sva. kAla, aura svabhAva tathA paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura para bhAva rUpa haiN| ekaNiruddhe iyaro paDivakkho avare ya smbhaavo| savvesiM sa sahAve, kAyavvA hoi taha bhNgaa|| sama.721) arthAt vastu ke ekadharma ko grahaNa karane para usake pratipakSI dUsare dharma kA bhI grahaNa apane Apa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki donoM hI dharma vastu ke svabhAva hai| ataH sabhI vastu dharmoM meM saptabhaMgI yojanA karane yogya hai| syAdvAda kI sarvodaya dRSTi - syAdvAda dvArA kathaMcit, kiMcit, kisI kI apekSA, kisI eka dRSTi, kisI eka dharma yA kisI eka artha kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai| syAdvAda vastu kathana karane kI eka paddhati hai jisameM saha-astitva kA samAveza hai| vizva-zAnti kA paricAyaka hai| vizva eka hai, rASTra aneka haiM, isameM kisI ko virodha nhiiN| jaba eka dUsare ke prati vidveSa hotA hai, taba asat pravRttiyA~ janma letI haiM, eka-dUsare ko samApta karane kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| eka vyakti yA prANI jaba apane prANoM kI rakSA cAhatA hai, taba kyA dUsarA nahIM cAhegA? hA~, avshy| phira yaha kyoM? hamArA vyavahAra, hamArI kriyAeM aura hamAre dekhane evaM socane-samajhane meM badalAva A jAtA hai, taba TakarAva utpanna ho jAtA hai| hamAre bhItarI aura bAharI cintana meM antara par3a jAtA hai| isalie yathArtha ko prastuta karate samaya haTha ko pakar3akara calane lagatA hai, aisI sthiti meM nyAya, anyAya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| satya, satya nahIM raha jAtA, vizva maitrI khaTAI meM par3a jAtI hai| isalie sUkSmatA ko samajhane ke lie syAdvAda kI dRSTi Avazyaka hai| syAtkAra anujIvI guNa nahIM? - syAnizi nityaM sadRzaM virUpaM vAcyaM na vAcyaM sadsatteva vipazcitAM nAma nivItatatvamudhogatodgAra prmpreym|| (syA. ma.25/295) pratyeka vastu kathaMcit anitya, kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit sAmAnya, kathaMcit vizeSa, kathaMcit vAcya, kathaMcit avAcya, kathaMcit sat aura kathaMcit asat hai| yaha syAtkAra kA prayoga dharmoM ke sAtha hotA hai, kahIM bhI anujIvI guNoM ke sAtha nahIM, kyoMki syAtvAda prakriyA ApekSita dharmoM meM pravartita hotI hai, anujIvI guNoM meM nhiiN| anekAnta kA vyavasthApaka syAdvAda - eka vastu meM vastutva ko utpanna karane vAlI paraspara do viruddha zaktiyoM kA prakAzita honA anekAnta hai, jo tat hai, vahI atata hai, jo eka hai, vahI aneka hai jo sat hai, vahI asat hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya hai| dhava. 15/25/1 jisake sAmAnya-vizeSa, paryAya yA guNa aneka anta yA dharma hai| yukti yA Agama se aviruddha eka hI sthAna para pratipakSI aneka dharmoM kA nirUpaNa samyaganekAMta kahalAne lagatA hai tathA jaba vastu tat yA (187)
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________________ atat ke vacana vilAsa ke rUpa meM raha jAtI hai, taba vaha mithyA anekAnta kA dyotaka bana jAtA hai| anekAMta saMzayavAda, yA chala ko nahIM utpanna karatA hai anekAnta meM ekAnta kA samanvaya hai| NANAjIvA NANAkambhaM, NANAvihaM have lttttii| . tamhA vayaNavivAdaM, saga-para samaehi vjjijjaa|| sama. 735) . isa saMsAra meM nAnA jIva, nAnA karma aura nAnA labdhiyAM haiN| isalie svadharmI yA paradharmI ko vacana . vivAda se dUra hI rahanA caahie| syAdvAda eka aisI vacana vyavahAra paddhati hai, jisameM vaktA kA abhiprAya nirNayAtmaka hotA hai, yathArtha, satyArtha, paramArtha para AdhArita hotA hai, isa sthiti meM anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai| anekAnta vyavahAra aura paramArtha donoM kA AzrayasthAna hai| kyoMki pratyeka vastu ke ananta dharma hote haiM una ananta dharmoM ko anekAnta kI dRSTi se syAdvAda paddhati dvArA samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| isa siddhAnta meM mAnavamUlyoM kI vizAla dRSTi hai, tAtvika pariveza sAmAjika vikAsa meM sahayogI hai, rASTrIya yA antarrASTrIya samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM isakI dRSTi unnata evaM sarvopari hai| ataH yaha siddhAnta mAnava kI udAtta-vRttiyoM ko jAgRta kara samanvaya ke kalyANakArI patha ko pradarzita karatA hai| piU kunja araviMdanagara, udayapura (rAja.) 313001 koI bhI sAdhaka vrata, upavAsa, tapazcaryA Adi jo kucha bhI karatA haiM mana ko sAdhane ke lie hI karatA hai| indriya nigraTa karane kA pradhAna uddezya mana kA nigraTa karanA hotA haiN| mana indriyoM kA svA mA hotA haiM, ata: use vaza meM kara liyA jAya to indriyA~ anAyAsa hI vaza meM ho jAtI haiN| mana para vijaya pAnA hI Atma vijaya haiN| * yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni (188)