Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAhityika unnayana meM bhaTTArakoM kA avadAna DA0 pI0 sI0 jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt unakI zAsana-paramparA meM aise aneka jaina santa, AcArya aura kavi hue haiM jinake agAdha adhyayana aura cintana ne bhAratIya sAhitya ke nirmANa aura usakI samRddhi meM yogadAna hI nahIM kiyA varan apane cAritrika guNoM aura lokahitaiSI kAryoM dvArA jana-jana ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| mahAvIra nirvANa kI kucha zatAbdiyoM bAda (lagabhaga vIra nirvANa samvat kI 13vIM zatI se ) isa paramparA meM bhaTTArakoM kI paramparA A jur3atI hai / ina bhaTTArakoM ko jaina saMtoM ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki saMtoM kA svarUpa hameM ina bhaTTArakoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / inakA jIvana hI rASTra ko AdhyAtmika khurAka dene ke lie samarpita ho cukA thA tathA ve deza ko sAhityika, sAMskRtika evaM bauddhika dRSTi se sampanna banAte the / ve sthAna-sthAna para vihAra karake jana-mAnasa ko pavitra banAte the / I ye bhaTTAraka pUrNataH saMyamI hote the / inakA AhAra evaM vihAra zramaNa paramparA ke antargata hotA thA, vrata vidhAna evaM pratiSThA samArohoM meM to ina bhaTTArakoM kI upasthiti Avazyaka mAnI jAtI rahI hai / ye bhaTTAraka pUrNataH prabhutva sampanna the / vaise ye AcAryoM ke bhI AcArya the kyoMki inake saMgha meM AcArya, muni, brahmacArI evaM AryikAe~ rahatI thIM / sAhitya kI jitanI sevA bhaTTArakoM ne kI hai vaha to apanI dRSTi se itihAsa kA advitIya udAharaNa hai / zAstrabhaNDAroM kI sthApanA, navIna pANDulipiyoM kA lekhana evaM unakA saMgraha, zAstra - pravacana, adhyayanaadhyApana Adi sabhI inake advitIya kArya the / bhaTTArakoM ne bhAratIya sAhitya ko amUlya kRtiyA~ bheMTa kI haiN| unhoMne sadaiva hI lokabhASA meM sAhitya nirmANa kiyA / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI Adi bhASAoM meM racanAe~ isakA pratyakSa pramANa haiM / bhaTTArakoM ne sAhitya ke vibhinna aMgoM ko pallavita kiyA / ve kevala carita kAvyoM ke nirmANa meM hI nahIM ulajhe apitu purANa, kAvya, beli, rAsa, phAgu, paMcAsikA, zataka, paccIsI, battIsI, bAvanI, vivAhalo, AkhyAna Adi kAvya ke pacAsoM rUpoM ko inhoMne apanA samarthana diyA aura unameM apanI racanAe~ nirmita karake unheM pallavita hone kA suavasara diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kAvya ke vibhinna aMgoM meM ina bhaTTArakoM dvArA nirmita racanAeM acchI saMkhyA meM milatI haiM / AdhyAtmika evaM upadezAtmaka racanAe~ likhanA ina bhaTTArakoM kA sadA hI priya rahA hai / apane anubhava ke AdhAra para jagat kI dazA kA jo sundara citraNa inhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA hai vaha pratyeka mAnava ko satpatha para le jAne vAlA hai / inhoMne mAnava ko jagat se bhAgane ke lie nahIM kahA kintu usameM rahate hue hI apane jIvana ko samunnata banAne kA
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAhityika unnayana meM bhaTTArakoM kA avadAna 215 upadeza diyaa| zAMta evaM AdhyAtmika rasa ke atirikta inhoMne vIra, zRGgAra evaM anya rasoM meM khUba sAhitya sRjana kiyA / mahAkavi vIra dvArA racita "jammUsvAmIcarita" (1076) evaM bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti dvArA vIravilAsa phAga isI koTi kI racanAe~ haiM / rasoM ke atirikta chandoM meM jitanI vividhatA ina bhaTTArakoM kI racanAoM meM milatI haiM utanI anyatra nahIM / ina bhaTTArakoM kI hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI bhASA kI racanAe~ vividha chandoM meM AplAvita haiM / merA to vizvAsa hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya kI jitanI adhika sevA evaM surakSA ina jaina bhaTTArakoM ne kI hai zAyada hI utanI adhika sevA kisI anya sampradAya athavA dharma ke sAdhu varga dvArA kI gaI hai / ina jaina bhaTTArakoM ne to vividha bhASAoM meM saikar3oM-hajAroM kRtiyoM kA sRjana kiyA hI kintu apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM, sAdhuoM, kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM kI racanAoM kA bhI bar3e prema, zraddhA evaM utsAha se saMgraha kiyaa| eka-eka grantha kI kitanI hI pratiyA~ likhavAkara grantha bhaNDAroM meM virAjamAna kI aura janatA ko unheM par3hane evaM svAdhyAya ke lie protsAhita kiyA / bhAratavarSa ke hajAroM hastalikhita grantha bhaNDAra unakI sAhityika sevA ke jvalaMta udAharaNa haiM / ye jaina bhaTTAraka, sAhitya-saMgraha kI dRSTi se kabhI jAtivAda evaM sampradAya ke cakkara meM nahIM par3e kintu jahA~ se unheM acchA upadezAtmaka evaM kalyANakArI sAhitya upalabdha huA vahIM se usakA saMgraha karake zAstra bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta kiyA / sAhitya saMgraha kI dRSTi se inhoMne sthAna-sthAna para grantha bhaNDAra sthApita kiye / inhIM bhaTTArakoM kI sAhityika sevA ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhAratavarSa ke jaina grantha bhaNDAroM meM 35 lAkha se adhika hastalikhita grantha aba bhI upalabdha hote haiM / graMtha saMgraha ke atirikta inhoMne jainetara vidvAnoM dvArA likhita kAvyoM evaM anya gantho para TIkAeM likhakara unake paThana-pAThana meM sahAyatA pahu~cAyI hai / 14vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTAraka bha0 prabhAcandra - saMvat 1314- 1408 - ve prameyakamalamArttaNDa, mahApurANa, paramAtmaprakAza, samayasAra, tattvArthasUtra Adi aneka granthoM ke vyAkhyAtA the / bha0 padmanandi - saM0 1385- 1450 - (1) padmanandi zrAvakAcAra, (2) ananta vrata kathA, (3) dvAdazavratodyApanapUjA, (4) pArzvanAthastotra, (5) nandIzvara paMktipUjA, (6) lakSmIstotra, (7) vItarAga stotra, (8) zrAvakAcAra TIkA, (9) devazAstra guru pUjA, (10) ratnatraya pUjA, (11) bhAvanA cautIsI (12) paramAtmarAja stotra, (13) sarasvatI pUjA, (14) siddhapUjA, (15) zAntinAtha stavana / inakI uparokta sabhI racanAyeM saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha haiM, zrAvakAcAra evaM usakI TIkA ko chor3akara bAkI sabhI racanAyeM pUjAstotra evaM kathAparaka haiM / 15vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTAraka -- bha0 sakalakIrti-saMvat 1456-1499 : saMskRta racanAeM - ( 1 ) mUlAcArapradIpa, (2) praznottarapAsakAcAra, (3) AdipurANa, (4) uttarapurANa, (5) zAntinAthacaritra, (6) varddhamAnacaritra, (7) mallinAthacaritra, (8) yazodharacaritra, (9) dhanyakumAra caritra, (10) sukumAla -
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 216 DA0 pI0 sI0 jaina caritra, (11) sudarzana caritra, (12) sadbhASitAvali, (13) pArzvanAthacaritra (14 ) vratakathAkoSa, (15) nemijina caritra, (16) karmavipAka ( 17 ) tattvArthasAra dIpaka, (18) siddhAntasAra dIpaka, (19) AgamasAra, (20) paramAtmarAja stotra, (21) sAra caturviMzatikA, (22) zrIpAla - caritra, (23) jambUsvAmI caritra, (24) dvAdazAnuprekSA Adi-Adi / pUjA granthoM meM -- (25) aSTAhnikA pUjA, (26) solahakAraNa pUjA, (27) gaNadhara valaya pUjA / rAjasthAnI kRtiyoM meM - ( 28 ) ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra, (29) nemIzvara gIta, (30) muktAvalIgIta, (31) NamokAra phalagI, (32) solahakAraNa rAsa (33) sArasIravAmaNi rAsa, (34) zAntinAtha phAgu / bha0 jinacandra - 15vIM zatAbdI - racanAeM - (1) siddhAntasAra, (2) jinacaturviMzati stotra | 16 vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTAraka bha0 somakIrti samvat 1526 se 1540 : racanAeM -saMskRta meM - ( 1 ) saptavyasana kathA, (2) pradyumna caritra, (3) yazodharacaritra / rAjasthAnI racanAoM meM - ( 4 ) gurvAvali, riSabhanAtha kI dhUli, (7) malligIta, (8) AdinAtha vinatI, (5) yazodhara rAsa, (6) (9) trepanakriyA gIta / bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa - samvat 1530-1557, racanAeM - saMskRta meM - ( 1 ) AtmasaMbodhana kAvya, (2) RSi maNDala pUjA, (3) tattvajJAnataraMgiNI, (4) pUjASTaka TIkA, (5) paMcakalyANaka udyApana pUjA, (6) bhaktAmara pUjA, (7) zruta pUjA, (8) sarasvatI pUjA, (9) sarasvatI stuti, (10) zAstramaNDala pUjA | hindI racanAoM meM - (11) AdIzvara phAga, (12) jalagANa rAsa, (13) posaha rAsa, (14) SaT karma rAsa, (15) nAgadrA rAsa / bha0 zubhacandra - samvat 1573 se 1613 - 60 se bhI adhika racanAeM upalabdha haiM, jinameM mukhya rUpa se isa prakAra haiM- saMskRta meM - (1) candraprabhacaritra, (2) karakaNDucaritra, (3) kArtiyA kSA TIkA, (4) candanA caritra, (5) jIvandhara caritra, (6) pANDavapurANa, (7) zreNika caritra, (8) sajjana citta vallabha, (9) pArzvanAtha kAvya paMjikA, (10) prAkRta lakSaNa TIkA, (11) adhyAtma taraMgiNI, ( 12 ) ambikA kalpa, (13) aSTAhnikA kathA, (14) karmadahanapUjA, (15) candana SaSTivrata pUjA, (16) gaNadharavalaya pUjA, (17) caritrazuddhividhAna, (18) tIsa caubIsI pUjA, (19) paMcakalyANaka pUjA, (20) palyavratodyApana, (21) terahadvIpa pUjA, (22) puSpAJjalI vrata pUjA, (23) sArddhadvayadIpa pUjA, (24) siddhacakrapUjA | hindI racanAoM meM - (25) mahAvIra chanda, (26) vijayakIrti chanda, (27) guru chanda, (28) neminAtha chanda, (29) tattvasAra hA, (30) dAna chanda, (31) aSTAhnikAgIta, (32) kSetrapAlagIta, pada Adi / bha0 vIracandra - samvat 1582 se 1600 - racanAeM - (1) vIravilAsa phAgu, (2) jambUsvAmI vilAsa, (3) jina AMtarA, (4) sImandhara svAmI gIta, (5) saMbodha sattANu (6) neminAtha rAsa (7) cittanirodha kathA, (8) bAhubali beli /
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAhityika unnayana meM bhaTTArakoM kA avadAna 217 17 vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTAraka bha0 ratnakoti-saMvat 1600 se 1656-racanAe-(1)neminAtha phAgu, (2) mahAvIra gIta, (3) neminAtha kA bArahamAsA, (4) siddhadhUla, (5) balibhadranI vinatI, (6) neminAtha vinatI tathA38 padoM kI khoja kI jA cukI hai| __ bha0 lalitakIti-samvat 1603 se 1622-racanAe-saskRta meM-(1) akSaya dazamI kathA, (2) anantavrata kathA, (3) AkAzapaMcamI kathA, (4) ekAvalI vrata kathA, (5) kamenirjarA vrata kathA, (6) kAMjikA vrata kathA, (7) jinaguNa sampatti kathA, (8) jinarAtri vrata kathA, (9) jyeSTha jinavara kathA, (10) dazaparamasnAna vrata kathA. (11) dazalAkSaNika kathA, (12) dvAdazavrata kathA, (13) dhanakalaza kathA, (14) puSpAJjali vrata kathA, (15) rakSAvidhAna kathA. (16) ratnatraya vrata kathA, (17) rohiNI vrata kathA, (18) SaTrasa kathA. (19) SoDaza kAraNa kathA. (20) siddhckrpuujaa| bha0 candrakIti-sambat 1600-1660-racanAe-(1) solahakAraNa rAsa, (2) jayakumArAkhyAna. (3) cAritra cunar3I, (4) caurAsI lAkha jIvanayonI vintii| inake atirikta karIba 40 pada bhI upalabdha hue haiN| bha0 abhayacandra-samvat 1685-1721-aba taka inakI 10 racanAe va 20 pada prApta ho cuke haiN| bha0 mahIcanda-racanAe-(1)-neminAtha samavasaraNa vidhi, (2) AdinAtha vinatI (3) Adityavrata kathA, (4) lavAMkuza chappaya Adi / bha0 devendrakIti --samvat 1662-1690 racanAe-inake aneka pada upalabdha hote haiN| bha0 bhavarendrakIti-samvat 1691-1722-racanAe-(1) tIrthaMkara caubIsanA chappaya / isI prakAra 17 vIM zatAbdI ke anya bhaTTArakoM meM bha0 kumudacandra, bha0 abhayanaMdi, bha0 ratnacandra, bha0 kalyANakIrti, bha0 mahIcandra, bha0 sakalabhUSaNa Adi-Adi ke nAma lie jA sakate haiM inhoMne saikar3oM granthoM kI racanAeM kI haiM jinakA yahAM nAmollekha karanA bhI kaThina kArya hai| 18 vIM zatAbdI ke pramukha bhaTTAraka 18 vIM zatAbdI ke pramukha bhaTTArakoM meM-(1) bha0 kSemakIrti-1720-1757, (2) bha0 zubhacandra [dvitIya] 1725-1748, (3) bha0 ratanacandra dvitIya, (4) bha0 narendra kIrti, (5. bha. surendrakIti-1722-1733. (6) bha0 jagatakIrti-1733-1771, (7) bha0 devendrakIrti-1771. 1792, (8) bha0 mahendrakIrti1792-1815-ke nAma ginAye jA sakate haiN| 19vIM va 20vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTArakoM meM--bha0 kSemendrakIrti . 1815-1822, bha0 surendrakIti - 1822-1852. bha0 sukhendrakIrti, bha0 cArukIrti, bha0 lakSmIsena. Adi-Adi pramukha haiN| samvat 1351 se 2000 taka ina bhaTTArakoM kA kabhI utthAna huA to kabhI ve patana kI ora agrasara hue lekina phira bhI ye samAja ke Avazyaka aMga mAne jAte rahe / yadyapi digambara jaina samAja meM terApaMtha ke udaya se ina bhaTaTArakoM para vidvAnoM dvArA kaDe
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 218 DA0 pI0 sI0 jaina prahAra kiye gaye tathA kucha vidvAn inakI lokapriyatA ko samApta karane meM bar3e bhArI sAdhaka bhI bane, lekina phira bhI samAja meM inakI AvazyakatA banI rahI aura vrata-vidhAna aura pratiSThA samArohoM meM inakI upasthiti Avazyaka mAnI jAtI rhii| zubhacandra, jinacandra, sakalakIrti prabhAcandra, jJAnabhUSaNa jaise bhaTTAraka kisI bhI dRSTi se AcAryoM se kama nahIM the, kyoMki unakA jJAna, tapasyA, tyAga aura sAdhanA sabhI to unake samAna thI aura ve apane samaya ke ekamAtra nirvivAda digambara samAja ke AcArya the| unhoMne mugaloM ke samaya meM jaina prayukta grantha sUcI 1. rAjasthAna ke grantha bhaNDAroM kI sUcI ke pAMcoM bhAga-saM0 DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 2. bhaTaTAraka sampradAya-vidyAdhara joharApUrakara. 3. prabhAvaka AcArya-DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DA0 kAsalIvAla 4. nAgora ke grantha bhaNDAroM kI sUcI prathama cAra bhAga- sa0 DaoN0 pI0sI0 jaina ( lekhaka ) 5. jaina grantha bhaNDArsa ina jayapura eNDa nAgaura-lekhaka kA 6. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 7. anekAnta kI phAIleM. 8. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara kI phAIleM, Adi Adi kA / sahAyaka prAdhyApaka rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura ( rAja0)