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________________ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM proSadhopavAsa carcA ratanalAla kaTAriyA, kekar3I rAjasthAna parIkSApradhAnI AcArya samantabhadra kA ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra nAmaka grantha jainAcAra viSayaka eka mahatva - pUrNa kRti hai jise prAyaH Agamake samAna koTikA mAnA jAtA hai| isakI viSayavastu 'cAritaM khalu dhammo para AdhArita hai / yaha aneka sthAnoMse aneka rUpameM prakAzita huA hai, para hama yahA~ vIra sevA mandira, dillIse prakAzita pratike AdhAra para hI usameM varNita proSadhopavAsa sambandhI kucha carcA kareMge / isakA 109 vA~ zloka, pRSTha 146 nimna prakAra hai : caturAhAravisarjanamupavAsa: proSadhaH sakRd bhuktiH / saH proSadhopavAso yadupoSyAraMbhamAcarati // 109 // "cAra prakAra kA AhAra tyAga upavAsa hai, eka bAra kA bhojana proSadha hai aura upavAsa karake Arambha kA AcaraNa karanA proSadhopavAsa hai / " isa zlokArtha ke AdhAra para TIkAkArane apanI prastAvanAmeM isa zloka ke kSepaka hone kA sandeha kiyA hai / unake matAnusAra grantha meM proSadhopavAsa ko kathana 106 veM zlokameM kiyA hai : parvaNyaSTamyAM ca jJAtavyaH proSadhopavAsastu / caturabhyavahAryANAM pratyArakhyAnaM sadicchAbhiH // 106 // isameM batAyA gayA hai ki parvaNI ( caturdazI ) tathA aSTamI meM sadicchAse jo cAra AhAra kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, use proSadhopavAsa samajhanA cAhiye / TIkAmeM bhI nimna vAkyake dvArA ise lakSaNa hI sUcita kiyA hai--athedAnIM proSadhopavAsalakSaNaM zikSAvrataM vyAcakSANaH prAha / isake bAda caturAhAra visarjana zloka meM bhI proSatopavAsa kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai| isakI utthAnikAmeM TIkAkArane likhA hai : adhunA proSadhopavAsastallakSaNaM kurvannAha / parantu proSadhopavAsakA lakSaNa to pahile hI kiyA jA cukA hai, phirase usakI kyA jarUrata huI, isakA koI spaTIkaraNa TIkAmeM nahIM hai / isake sivA, dhAraNaka aura pAraNakake dinoMmeM eka bhuktikI jo kalpanA TIkAkArane kI hai, vaha usakI atirikta kalpanA hai / proSadha kA artha sakRd bhukti aura proSadhopavAsakA artha sakRd bhukti pUrvaka upavAsa - kisI anya grantha meM dekhanemeM nahIM AyA / yaha artha proSadha 1. mukhtAra sA0 ne jo sadicchAmiH pATha mAnA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai / sadecchAbhiH pATha dekara yaha batAyA hai ki kisI mAsa vizeSakI aSTamI - caturdazIko hI upavAsa karanekA niyama nahIM hai, pratyuta jIvana paryaMtakI aSTamI - caturdazIko upavAsa karanekA niyama hai / icchAbhiH kA vizeSa artha hai - korA cAra AhAroMkA tyAga hI upavAsa meM paryApta nahIM hai, kintu AhArAdikI icchA, viSaya kaSAyoM kA tyAga pratyAkhyAnake sAthameM Avazyaka hai / mukhtAra sA0 ne sat icchAkA vidhAna kiyA hai kintu granthAkAra sat aura asat-----sabhI prakArakI icchAoMkA yahA~ parityAga karavA rahe haiM / anya granthakAroMne bhI isa prasaMga meM sadA pATha hI mAnA hai / ataH yahA~ sadecchAbhiH pATha hI honA cAhiye / - 157 -
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________________ pratimAke zloka 140 ke bhI viruddha hai / ataH yaha catUrAhAra visarjana zloka Azcarya nahIM, jo granthameM kisI taraha prakSipta ho gayA ho aura TIkAkAra ko usakA dhyAna bhI na rahA ho| isa zloka para aura bhI kucha vidvAna isI tarahake kSepaka hone kA Aropa karate haiM, kintu mere vicAra meM yaha saba ThIka nahIM hai / yaha zloka mUla kA hI aMga hai aura svAmI samantabhadrakRta hI hai| kisI bhI prAcIna arvAcIna pratimeM isa zloka kA abhAva nahIM pAyA jaataa| agara yaha kSepaka hai, to yaha dUsare kisa granthakA mUla zloka hai aura kauna isakA kartA hai, yaha spaSTa honA cAhiye / anyathA kisI zlokako kSepaka kaha denA ati sAhasa hai| isa zloka kI racanA zailI eka vizeSatA ko liye hai jo ise samantabhadra kI hI kRti siddha karatI hai| isameM jo lakSaNa bAMdhane kA DhaMga hai, vaha ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArake sivA anya kisI bhI zrAvakAcArameM nahIM pAyA jaataa| isakI advitIyatA nimna hai:-isameM yaduke sAtha 'AcaraNa' zabda na dekara 'Acarati kriyA dI hai aura yad kI jor3akA saH zabda dekara lakSaNa bAMdhA hai| yaha zailI ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArameM anyatra bhI pAI jAtI hai; yathA, (1) na tu paradArAn gacchati na parAn gamayati ca pApabhItaryat / sA paradAranivRtiH, svadArasantoSanAmApi // 59 / / (2) nihitaM vA patitaM vA, suvistRta vA parasvamavisRSTaM / ___na harati yanna ca datte tadkRzacauryAdupAramaNam // 57 / / (3) sthUlamalIkaM na vadati na parAnvAdayati satyamapi vipade / yattad vadanti santaH, sthUlamRSAvAdavairamaNam / / 55 / / (4) saMkalpAtkRtakAritamananAd yogatrayasya carasatvAt / ___na hinasti yat tadAhuH, sthUlabadhAdviramaNaM nipuNAH // 53 // (5) anyUnamanatiriktaM yAthAtathyaM vinA ca viparItAt / niHsandehaM veda yadAhustajjJAnamAgaminaH // 42 // (6) svayaM zuddhasya mArgasya, bAlAzaktajanAzrayAm / vAcyatA yatpramArjanti, tadvadantyupagRhanam // 15 / / isataraha yaha sutarAM siddha hai ki yaha zloka kramAMka 109 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra kA hI aMga hai aura svAmI samantabhadrakRta ho hai| aba jo ApattiyA~ kI gaI haiM, unakA bhI nirasana nimna prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai: (1) TIkAkArane jo zloka 106 kI utthA nikAmeM 'proSadhopavAsalakSaNaM zikSAvrataM prAha' likhA hai, vaha ThIka hai| usakA artha yaha hai ki proSadhopavAsa nAmake zikSAvrata kA kathana karate hai| zikSAvratake cAra bheda haiN| unameMse yahA~ proSadhopavAsa nAmake zikSAvrata kA kathana kiyA hai| ataH nAma yA bheda arthameM yahA~ lakSaNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yahI zailI Ageke vaiyAvRtta zikSAvata kI utthAnikAmeM isa prakAra dI hai "idAnIM vaiyAvRtyalakSaNazikSAvratasya svarUpaM prarUpayannAha / " zloka 109 kI TIkAmeM caturAhAra padakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai-catvArazca te ahArAzcAzana-pAna-svAdyalehyalakSaNAH / isameM bhI lakSaNa zabda bheda arthameM hI diyA hai| - 158 -
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________________ zloka na0 109 kI utthAnikAmeM jo "proSadhopavAsastallakSaNaM kurvannAha" likhA hai, usakA artha hai ki "proSadhopavAsa" aisA jo pada hai usakA lakSaNa kahate haiM / " isa taraha donoM utthAnikA vAkya apanI jagaha sahI haiM / donoMkA artha judA judA hai, ataH punaruktikA Aropa mithyA hai / (2) zloka na0 106 meM 'parvaNyaSTamyAMca' padameM parvaNI mUla zabda batAyA gayA hai, yaha galata hai / mUla zabda parvan (napuMsaka liMga) hai usakA saptamI vibhaktike eka vacanameM parvaNi rUpa banatA hai jabaki parvaNI zabdameM IkAra bar3A hai aura vaha strIliMga zabda hai tathA yaha prathamA vibhaktikA dvivacana hai agara vaha yahA~ hotA, to 'parvaNyAmaSTamyAM ca' aisA pada banatA / isameM chandoMbhaMga hI hotA / ataH yaha ThIka nahIM hai / TIkAkAra ne bhI mUla zabda parvan hI mAnA hai aura usI kA artha caturdazI kiyA hai / usI kA saptamIke eka vacanameM parvaNi rUpa diyA hai / ( 3 ) zloka na0 109 meM jo propadhakA artha sakRdbhukti diyA hai, usIke AdhArase TIkAkArane dhAraNaka aura pAraNakake dina ekAzana kI bAta kahI haiM / unakI yaha koI nijI kalpanA nahIM hai / proSadhakA artha sakRdbhukti anya granthoMmeM nahIM pAye jAnese hI vaha Apattike yogya nahIM ho sakatA / samantabhadrake aise bahuta se prayoga haiM jo anya granthoMmeM nahIM pAye jAte / jaise : cetaH kaluSayatAM zrutiravadhInAM duHzrutirbhavati // 79 // ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArake isa zloka meM avadhi zabda zAstra artha meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai, yaha anUThA hai / (A) cauthA zikSAvrata vaiyAvRtya batAyA hai aura usImeM arhatapUjA ko garbhita kiyA hai (zloka 119 ) / yaha nirAlA hai / (i) zloka kramAMka 97 ke AsamayamuktimuktaM padameM Aye samaya zabdakI jo vyAkhyA zloka 98, " mUrdharuhamu STivAso bandhaM paryaMkabandhanaM cApi / sthAnamupavezanaM vA samayaM jAnanti samayajJAH," meM kI gaI hai, / vaisI anyatra nahIM pAI jAtI / (I) zloka na0 24 meM gurumUr3hatAke liye pAkhaNDimohanam zabda kA prayoga bhI advitIya hai / ( u ) zloka naM0 147 meM munivana, bhaikSyAzana, cela, khaNDadhara Adi kathana bhI anupama haiM / (U) svayaMbhUstotra meM cAritrake liye upekSA zabdakA prayoga zloka 90 meM kiyA gayA hai / (R) Aja sAmAyika zabdakA hI pracAra hai, kintu isa artha meM ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM sarvatra sAmayika zabdakA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai, kahIM bhI sAmAyika zabdakA nahIM / yaha bhI eka vizeSatA hai / 4 ) zloka 109 prauSadhapratimAke zloka 140 ke viruddha batAyA jAtA hai, yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki proSadhapratimA ilokameM jo proSadhaniyama vidhAyI pada diyA hai, usake niyama zabdake antargata zloka 106 se 110 takakA sArA proSadhopavAsa kA kathana A jAtA hai / ataH yaha zloka 109 kisI taraha viruddha nahIM par3atA, apitu usakA pUraka ThaharatA hai / aba maiM zloka 109 ke artha para AtA hU~ / Aja taka isa zlokakA pUrA vAstavika artha sAmane na A pAnese yaha zloka logoMko kucha aTapaTA sA lagatA hai / maiMne isa pUre zlokakA jo artha nizcita kiyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai, vidvAn isa para gambhIratAse vicAra kareM : isa zloka meM koI bhI pAThAntara nahIM pAyA gayA hai| sirpha kArtikeyAnuprakSA kI saMskRta TIkAmeM zubhacandrAcArya ne isake caturAhAravisarjana padakI jagaha caturAhAravivarjana pada diyA hai, jo sAmAnya zabda bhedako liye huye haiM, kisI artha bhedako liye hue nahIM / - 159 -
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________________ lekhake prArambhameM jo isa zlokakA artha diyA gayA hai, usameM pUrvAddha kA artha to ThIka hai, kintu uttarAddha kA artha ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki uttarAddha ke arthameM jo upavAsa karake ArambhakA AcaraNa karanA proSadhopavAsa hai, aisA batAyA hai, usake anusAra koI granthakAra Arambha karanekA upadeza nahIM de sakatA aura na aisA proSadhopavAsakA lakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai / mere vicArameM 'saH proSadhopavAso yadupoSyArambhamAcArati' isa uttarAddha ke upoSyArambha padakA artha upavAsa-sambandhI Arambha-anuSThAna lenA caahiye| yogasAraprAbhUta ( amitagati prathama kRta ) ke zloka 19 adhikAra 8 meM Arambha zabdakA artha dharmAnuSThAna diyA hai| upavAsase sambaddha ho jAne para Arambha apane Apa dharmAnuSThAna ho jAtA hai| yahA~ upavAsa viSayaka Arambhake AcaraNako proSadhopavAsakA lakSaNa batAyA hai / granthakArane isa zlokameM aura isase pUrva ke tIna zlokoMmeM jo upavAsaviSayaka kartavya batAye haiM, ve saba isa upoSyArambha padameM A jAte haiM / isa choTese padameM upavAsa sambandhI sAre kriyAnuSThAna gabhita kara liye gaye haiM, isIse isa lakSaNAtmaka zlokako antameM rakhA hai| upoSyArambha padake dvArA prakArAntarase granthakArane yaha bhI sUcita kiyA hai ki yahA~ anya saba gArhasthika Arambha tyAjya haiN| sirpha AhArakA tyAga karanA hI upavAsa nahIM hai, kintu laukika ArambhoMkA tyAga karanA bhI sAthameM Avazyaka hai / aisA anya granthakAroMne bhI isa prasaMgameM likhA hai: ( ka ) puruSArthasiddhayupAya-muktasamastArambhaM ( zloka 152) ( kha ) amitagati zrAvakAcAra-vihAya sarvamArambhamasaMyamavirvadhakaM ( 12 / 130 ) sadopavAsaM parakarma muktvA ( 770 ), sadanArambhanivRttairAhAracatuSTayaM sadA hitvA ( 6-88 ) (ga) sakalakIrtikRta sudarzana carita-tyaktvAra bhagRhodbhavaM ( 2072 ) (gha ) raidhU viracita pAsaNAha cariu-saMvaru kijjai Arambhakammi ( 57 ) (Ga) jayasenRkata dharmaratnAkara-ArambhajalapAnAmyAM mukto'nAhAra ucyate ( 1308 ) ( ca ) ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArake zloka 107 meM bhI upavAsameM ArambhakA tyAga batAyA hai / upoSa ( upa + uS ) zabda upavAsakA paryAyavAcI hai, isake Age yogya arthameM yat pratyaya karane para upoSya banA hai| vahI yahA~ upoSyArambha padameM samajhanA cAhiye / "upavAsa karake" isa arthakA vAcI zabda yahA~ grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / cacita zlokake pUrvAddha meM jo proSadhakA artha granthakArane sakRd mukti diyA hai, usakA samarthana isI granthake 'sAmayikaM bahanIyAd upavAsaM' caika bhukte vA' se bhI hotA hai / isameM batAyA hai ki eka bhukti aura upavAsa arthAta proSadhopavAsake dinoMmeM sAmAyikako dRr3ha karanA cAhiye / zlokameM jo vA zabda diyA hai, usakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sAmAyikako anya vizeSa dinoMmeM bhI dRr3ha kiyA jAnA caahiye| isa zlokameM jo upavAsa aura eka bhukti alaga-alaga pada diye haiM, ve upavAsa aura proSadha arthAt proSadhopavAsake vAcI haiN| isase proSadhaH sakRd bhukti: isa padakA acchI taraha samarthana hotA hai aura yaha zloka samantabhadrakuta hI hai, yaha samyak siddha hotA hai / jinhoMne proSadhakA artha parva kiyA hai, ve granthakAra proSadhopavAsa zabdase ATha prahArakA hI upavAsa abhivyakta kara sake haiN| 12 aura 16 praharake upavAsake liye unheM atirikta zlokoMkI racanA karanI par3I hai| isake viparIta, svAmI samantabhadrane proSadhakA sakRdabhukti artha karake isake bala para proSadho - 160 -
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________________ pavAsa zabda mAtrase hI 12 aura 16 praharake upavAsakA kathana abhivyakta kara diyA hai| yaha una jaise pravacanapaTu advitIya racanAkArakA hI kAma hai| isa prasaMga meM saMskRta TIkAkArane jo ArambhakA artha sakRdbhukti kiyA hai, vaha bhI anokhA hai aura zabdazAstrAdika se kisI taraha saMgata nahIM hai / paM0 AzAdharajI ne sAgAradharmAmRta ke adhyAya 7 zloka 5 tathA usake svopajJabhASyameM proSadhopavAsa ke cAra bheda kiye haiM-AhAratyAga, aMga saMskAratyAga, sAvadyAraMbhatyAga, aura brahmacarya ( AtmalInatAkA pAlana ) / isI prakArakA kathana zrAvaka prajJapti aura prazamaratiprakaraNAdikI TIkA zvetAmbarAcAryone bhI kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se jaba maiMne ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArakA adhyayana kiyA, to usake proSadhopavAsa viSayaka zloka 106 se 108 meM mujhe ye cAroM bheda parilakSita huye haiM / jisakA khulAsA isaprakAra hai: parvaNyaSTamyAMca jJAtavyaH proSadhopavAsastu / caturabhyavahAryANAM pratyAkhyAnaM sadecchAbhiH // 106 / / isa zlokameM AhAratyAgakA kathana hai / / paMcAnAM pApAnAmalaM kriyAraMbhagaMdhapuSpANAm / snAnAMjana-nasyAnAmupavAse parihRti kuryAt / / 107 / / isa zloka meM aMgasaMskAratyAga tathA sAvadyAraMbhatyAga kA kathana hai / dharmAmRtaM satRSNaH zravaNAbhyAM pibatu pAyayedvAnyAn / jJAnadhyAnaparo vA bhavatUpavasannatandrAlUH / / 108 / / isa zloka meM brahmacarya ( AtmalInatA, dhyAna ) kA kathana hai / sambhavataH isIke AdhAra para uttaravartI digambara tathA zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne ukta cAra bhedoM kI parikalpanA kI hai / vastutaH isa 150 zloka pariNAma choTe se granthameM svAmI samAntabhadrane gAgarameM sAgara bhara diyA hai / isa grantha ko jitanI vAra paDho utanI hI vAra kucha nayA jJAtavya pAThakako avazya milatA hai / isakI yaha vizeSatA anya zrAvakAcAroM meM prAyaH nahIM pAI jAtI / isa grantha ke anya kucha zlokoM para bhI katipaya vidvAna kSapakatvakA sandeha karate haiM / prasaMgopAtta yahA~ unakI bhI carcA upayukta hogI: mAtaMgo dhanadevazrI vAriSeNastataH paraH / nIlo jayazca samprAptAH pUjAtizayamuttamam / / 64 / / dhanatha satyaghoSau ca tApasArakAvapi / upAkhyeyAstathAzmazrunavanIto yathAkramam / / 65 / / madyamAMsamadhutyAgaH sahANuvratapaMcakam / aSTau mUlaguNAnAhurgRhiNAM zramaNottamAH // 76 // ina zlokoM para chandabhinnatvake kAraNa kSepakatvakA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai / yaha ThIka nahIM hai / chandabhinnatva to prathama pariccheda aura antima paricchedake antima ilokoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, ataH yaha hetu akAryakArI hai / kavi loga kabhI-kabhI paricchedake anta meM chanda bhinnatA kara dete haiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jahA~-jahA~ chanda bhinnatva ho, vahA~ prAyaH paricchedakI samApti samajhanA cAhiye / yahI bAta yahA~ ke 21 - 161 -
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________________ tIna zlokoMke liye hai| pahile zlokameM ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoMmeM prasiddha honevAle puruSoMke kramazaH nAma diye koI zabda na honese aura binA usake saMgati na baiThanese samIcIna dharmazAstrakI prastAvanA pRSTha 71 para yathAkramaM pAThakI jagaha anyathAsamaM pAThakI parikalpanA kI gaI hai kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| mere vicArameM yahA~ upAkhyeyA kI jagaha apAkhyayA pATha honA cAhiye jo badanAmIkA vAcaka hai| isa sAmAnya zabda parivartanake dvArA hI iSTArthakI prApti hotI hai| pratilipikAroM ke pramAdase apa kA upa ho jAnA bahata kucha sambhava hai / isase yathAkramam pAThakA lopa bhI nahIM karanA pdd'egaa| aba rahA mUla guNoMkA vAcI tIsarA zloka, vaha to bahuta hI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki usake Ageke zlokameM jo yaha batAyA hai ki "anubRhaNAt guNAnAmAkhyAnti guNavratAnyAryAH / / 67 / / isaliye agara guNoMkA hI varNana karanevAlA zloka nahIM hogA, to guNoMkI vRddhi aura guNavatakA kathana hI kadApi sambhava nahIM hogA / jisa taraha binA pitAke putra nahIM hotA, usI taraha binA guNoMke guNavata sambhava nhiiN| ataH yaha zloka granthakA nitAnta Avazyaka aMga hai / kisI taraha bhI kSepaka nahIM hai|