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________________ rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gadyakAra 0 DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla, ToDaramala smAraka bhavana, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura-4 (rAja.) viSaya ke vivecana aura gUr3ha bhAvoM kI spaSTa evaM bodhagamya abhivyakti ke liye padya kI tulanA meM gadya apekSAkRta adhika upayogI mAdhyama hai| prAcIna kAla meM padya kA mahattva kitanA hI kyoM na ho, kintu Adhunika jIvana ke liye gadya aparihArya hai, usakA kSetra aparimita hai / padya ke samAna vaha chandoM kI sImA meM baMdhA nahIM rahatA, vaha nirbandha hotA hai, ataH abhivyakti meM apUrNatA nahIM raha pAtI / gadya kI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa Aja kA padya bhI chanda kI sImA se mukta hotA jA rahA hai, gadyAtmaka hotA jA rahA hai / padya kI apekSA gadya sahaja evaM sarala hotA hai| gadya meM bhartI ke zabdoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI aura na hI zabdoM ko tor3anA-maror3anA par3atA hai, ataH bhASA kA parimArjana sahaja ho jAtA hai| eka hI lekhaka kA gadya usake padya kI apekSA adhika parimAjita hotA hai| padya meM bhASA kI tor3a-mor3a bahuta adhika hotI hai| laya aura chanda ke anurodha ke kAraNa padya meM yaha doSa eka taraha se kSamya hotA hai kintu gadya meM aisI koI suvidhA prApta nahIM hotii| yahI kAraNa hai ki gadya ko kaviyoM kI kasauTI kahA gayA hai-"gadya kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti" / hindI ke antargata sAmAnyata: pazcimI hindI, pUrvI hindI, rAjasthAnI, bihArI tathA pahAr3I bhASAoM aura inakI boliyoM kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra inameM se kisI bhI bolI yA bhASA meM likhA gayA gadya 'hindI gadya' khlaayegaa| prakRta meM hindI gadya-sAhitya ke antargata rAjasthAnI pratinidhi digambara jaina gadyakAroM ke vyaktitva aura kartRtva kA saMkSipta paricaya denA abhISTa hai| madhyakAla meM Ate-Ate saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza sAmAnyajana kI samajha ke bAhara ho cukI thI aura hindI pUrNata: janabhASA bana cukI thii| jaina sAhityakAra sadA hI janabhASA meM apane vicAra jana-jana taka pahuMcAte rahe haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne solahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha se hI saMskRta-prAkRta granthoM kI hindI vacanikAeM likhanA Arambha kara diyA thaa| jaina hindI sAhitya kA nirmANa kendra pradhAnata: jayapura, AgarA aura dillI evaM inake Asa-pAsa kA pradeza rahA hai / ata: jaina sAhityakAroM dvArA likhA gayA sAhitya rAjasthAnI aura brajabhASA donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM to donoM bhASAe~ itanI ekameka hokara AI hai ki unake bheda karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| mahAna paNDita ToDaramala aura daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kA gadya isakA spaSTa pramANa hai| DA. gautama likhate haiM-"jayapura ke digambara jaina lekhakoM ne saMskRta-prAkRta meM likhita apane bahuta se dharmagranthoM kA hindI-gadyAnuvAda kiyA hai| uttara pradeza ke bhI digambara jainoM ne apane saMskRta-prAkRta granthoM ke anuvAda kA kArya kiyA hai"|' 1. hindI gadya kA vikAsa : DA0 premaprakAza gautama, anusandhAna prakAzana, AcArya nagara, kAnapura-3, pRSTha 210.
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________________ 546 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa rAjasthAna meM gadya lekhana kI paramparA apabhraMza kAla se lekara Aja taka akhaNDa rUpa se calI A rahI hai / rAjasthAnI gadya sAhitya ke sambandha meM rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke viziSTa vidvAna zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara ke nimnalikhita vicAra draSTavya haiM : "rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahA~ hindI sAhitya meM gadya kA prAcIna rUpa nahIM ke barAbara 'hai, vahA~ rAjasthAnI meM gadya sAhitya madhyakAla se hI pUrNa vikasita rUpa meM milatA hai| isa gadya kA kaba Arambha huA hogA, yaha nizcita rUpa se kahane ko abhI koI pramANa hamAre pAsa nahIM hai, para yaha to spaSTa hai ki rAjasthAnI "kahAnI" tathA "khyAta" likhane kI pravRtti bahuta prAcIna hai| upalabdha sAhitya aura padya donoM meM sAtha-sAtha likhI jAne lagI thii| rAjasthAnI kA vyavasthita 1500 se pUrva kA nahIM miltaa"|" sAhityakAroM meM "bAta" "vArtA" yA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki bAta gadya rUpa meM vikasita gadya sAhitya vi0saM0 isase yaha spaSTa hai ki gadya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM usake dvArambhakAla se hI digambara jaina gadyakAroM kA usake vikAsa aura parimArjana meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / isa sambandha meM DA0 premaprakAza gautama ke vicAra draSTavya haiM : "vastutaH prAcIna rAjasthAnI gadya ke nirmANa, rakSaNa aura vikAsa meM jaina samAja kA yogadAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / jaina lekhakoM ne apane dhArmika vicAroM ko janatA taka pahu~cAne aura apane prAcIna ( prAkRta aura saMskRta meM likhita ) dharmagranthoM kI vyAkhyA ke liye loka bhASA kA sahArA liyaa| maulika gadya kA bhI nirmANa ina logoM ne kiyA" / " rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaNDAroM meM Aja bhI aneka mahattvapUrNa gadyagrantha zodhArthiyoM kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiN| isa dizA meM zodha-khoja kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai aura lagana se kI gaI modha sAhitya itihAsa badala dene vAlA pariNAma lA sakatI hai| yadyapi digambara jaina gadyakAroM kI aneka TayUTa racanAe~ 15vIM aura 16vIM zatI meM likhI gaI, tathApi sarvaprathama praur3ha rakhanA pANDe rAjamallajI kI 'samayasArakalana' para likhI gaI 'bAlabodhinI TIkA' prApta hotI hai| pANDe rAjamallajI - rAjasthAna ke jina pramukha vidvAnoM ne Atma-sAdhanA ke anurUpa sAhitya ArAdhanA ko apanA jIvana arpita kiyA hai unameM pANDe rAjamallajI kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| inakA samaya solahavIM zatI IsavI kA uttarArdha hai / ye jaina darzana, siddhAnta aura adhyAtma ke to pAramAmI vidvAna the hI, inakA saMskRta bhASA para bhI pUrNa adhikAra thA / saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gaye inake granthoM se unake bhASA evaM viSayagata jJAna kI praur3hatA jJAta hotI hai| eka ora 'adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa" aura "paMcAdhyAyI" jaise gambhIra tAttvika vivecana ke bhare grantharAja ApakI lauha lekhanI se prasUta hue hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora "jambUsvAmI caritra" ( I0 san 1576 ) jaise kathAgrantha evaM "lATI saMhitA" ( san 1584) jaise AcAra grantha bhI Apane likhe haiN| eka 'chandovidyA' nAmaka piMgala grantha bhI Apane likhA hai / ukta kRtiyAM sabhI parimArjita saMskRta bhASA meM hai, ataH unakA vistRta vivecana vahA~ upayukta na hogA rAjasthAnI (hindI) gadya meM likhita unakA ekamAtra upalabdha grantha hai 'samayasArakalaza' kI "bAlabodhinI TIkA" / kahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne 'nATaka samayasAra' kI prazasti meM Apako AcArya kundakunda ke grantharAja 'samayasAra ' kA marmajJa ghoSita kiyA hai| 1. hindI sAhitya dvitIya khaNDa, bhAratIya hindI pariSad, prayAga 0516. 2. hindI gadya kA vikAsa, DA0 premaprakAza gautama, anusandhAna prakAzana, AcAryanagara, kAnapura, pR0 122.
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________________ . rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gadyakAra 547 / ... grantharAja 'samayasAra' para AcArya amRtacaMdra ne 'AtmakhyAti' nAmaka bahuta hI gambhIra saMskRta TIkA likhI hai, usI ke bIca-bIca unhoMne saMskRta bhASA ke vibhinna chandoM meM 278 padya likhe haiM, unheM 'samayasArakalaza' kahA jAtA hai| pANDe rAjamallajI ne usa 'samayasArakalaza' ke bhAvoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI 'bAlabodhinI' TIkA rAjasthAnI hindI bhASA meM likhI hai| jisake mAdhyama se usa samaya adhyAtma kA pracAra ghara-ghara meM ho gayA thaa| usI ke AdhAra para Age calakara mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne apane lokapriya padyagrantha 'nATaka samayasAra' kI racanA kI hai| jaisA ki unhoMne svayaM 'nATaka samayasAra' kI prazasti meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA haiM : pAMDai rAjamalla jinadharmI, samayasAra nATaka ke marmI / tinhe grantha kI TIkA kInI, bAlabodha sugama kara dInI // iha vidhi bodha vacanikA phailI, samai pAi adhyAtma sailI / pragaTI jagata mAMhi jinavANI, ghara-ghara nATaka kathA basAlI / / nATaka samasAra hita jI kA, sugata rUpa * rAjamala TIkA / kavita bRddha racanA jo hoI, bhASA grantha par3ha saba koI // taba banArasI mana meM AnI, kIjai to pragaTe jinavAnI / paMca puruSa kI AjJA lInI, kavitta baddha kI racanA kInI // mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ko AtmAbhimukha karane kA zreya ukta bAlabodhinI TIkA ko hI prApta hai| rAjasthAnI ke prasiddha vidvAn agaracaMda nAhaTA ne isa TIkA ko hindI jaina gadya kI prApta racanAoM meM prAcInatama gadya racanA mAnA hai evaM pAMDe rAjamalla kI isa dena ko ullekhanIya mAnA hai|' yaha TIkA purAnI zailI para khaNDAnvayI hai / zabda paryAya dete hue bhAvArtha likhA gayA hai / yadyapi isakI bhASA saMskRtaparaka hai, para kaThina nhiiN| vAkyoM meM pravAha barAbara pAyA jAtA hai| isa bAlAbodhinI bhASA TIkA kA gadya isa prakAra hai : "yathA koI jIva madirA pIvAi kari avikala kIjai cha, sarvasva chinAI lIjai ch| pada te bhraSTa kIjai chai tathA anAdi tAMI lei kari sarva jIva rAzi rAgadveSa tai jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ko baMdha hoI ch| pAMDe hemarAja-pAMDe rAjamallajI kI 'samayasAra kalaza' para likhI bAlabodhinI TIkA se preraNA pAkara AgarA nivAsI ka~varapAla jI ne isI prakAra kI TIkA kundakundAcArya ke dUsare mahattvapUrNa grantha 'pravacanasAra' kI TIkA karane kA Agraha pAMDe hemarAja se kiyA, pariNAmasvarUpa vi0 saM0 17063 tadanusAra IsvI, san 1652 meM pAMDe hemarAja jI dvArA 'pravacanasAra' para 'bAlabodha' bhASA TIkA likhI gii| usakI prazasti meM nimnAnusAra ullekha pAyA jAtA hai : bAla bodha yaha kInI jaise, so tuma sunahu kahU~ maiM taise / nagara Agare meM hitakArI, kaMvarapAla gyAtA avikArI // tina vicAra jiya meM iha kInI, jo bhASA iha hoI navInI / alpa buddhi bhI aratha bakhAne, agama agocara pada pahicAne / yaha vicAra mana meM tina rAkhI, pAMDe hemarAja so bhaakhii| Age rAjamalla jI nai kInI, samayasAra bhASA rasa bhiinii|| aba jo pravacana kI hU bhASA, sau jinadharma va bahu sAkhA / tAta kAhU vilamba na kIjai, parama bhAvanA aMgaphala liijai|| 1. hindI sAhitya, dvi0 kha0, bhAratIya hindI pariSad, prayAga, pR0 476 / 2. hindI sAhitya, dvitIya khaNDa, bhAratIya hindI pariSad, prayAga, pR0 467-77 3. pravacanasAra bhASA TIkA, prazasti, chanda 11 4. vahI, chanda
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________________ karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-............................................ pravacanasAra ke atirikta inhoMne paMcAstikAya saMgraha, nayacaka, gommaTasAra karmakANDa Adi para bhI vacanikAeM likhI haiN|' isakI bhASA-zailI ke sambandha meM DaoN. gautama likhate haiM : "vAkya sIdhe aura sugrAhya haiM / jo-so, viSa, kari ityAdi purAne zabda isa vacanikA meM bhI haiM / gadya meM zaithilya aura paNDitAUpana bhI hai|" inakI bhASA evaM gadya kA namUnA isa prakAra hai : "dharmadravya sadA avinAsI TaMkotkIrNa vastu hai / yadyapi apaNa aguralaghu guNani kari SaTguNI hAni vRddhi rUpa pariNavai hai pariNAma kari utpAda vyaya saMyukta hai tathApi apane dhrauvya svarUpa so calanA nAhI / dravya tisahI kA nAma hai, jo upajai vinasai thira rhe| banArasIdAsa-mahAkavi banArasIdAsa yadyapi mukhya rUpa meM kavi (padyakAra) haiM tathApi unakI do laghu kRtiyA~ gadya meM bhI prApta hotI haiM, ve haiM 'paramArtha vacanikA' aura 'nimitta-upAdAna citttthii'| sAhityika mahattva kI apekSA hindI bhASA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se inakA aitihAsika mahatva hai| inameM kavi ne atyanta sulajhI huI vyAkhyA pradhAna bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| unake gadya kA namUnA isa prakAra hai : "mithyAdRSTi jIva apanI svarUpa nahIM jAnato tAtai para svarUpa viSamagana hoi karikArya mAnatu hai, tA kArya karatau chato azuddha vyavahArI kahiye / samyagdRSTi apanI svarUpa parokSa pramANa kari anubhavata hai / parasattA para svarUpa sauM apanI kArya nAhIM mAnatosato jogadvArakari apane svarUpa ko dhyAna vicArarUpa kiyA karatu hai tA kArya karato mizra vyavahArI khie| kevalajJAnI yathAkhyAta cAritra ke bala kari zuddhAtma svarUpa ko ramanazIla hai tAtai zuddha vyavahArI kahiye, jogArUr3ha avasthA vidyamAna hai tAtai vyavahArI nAma kahie / zuddha vyavahAra kI sarahada trayodazama guNasthAnaka sau leI kari caturdazama guNasthAna paryanta jAnanI / asiddhatva parigamanatvAt vyvhaarH|" "ina kAna ko vyAroM kahAM tAI likhie, kahAM tAMI kahiye / vacanAtIta, indriyAtIta, jJAnAtIta tAte yaha vicAra bahuta kahA likhahiM / jo gyAtA hoigo so thoro hI likhyo bahuta kari samujhego, jo ajJAnI hoigo so yaha ciTThI sunago sahI parantu samajhego nahIM / yaha vacanikA yathA kA yathA sumati pravIna kevalI vacanAnusArI hai| jo yAhi sunago, samujhego, saradahaigo, tAhi kalyANakArI hai bhAgya pramANa / mahAkavi banArasIdAsa kA sthAna hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| ye mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ve samakAlIna the aura inakA prasiddha kAvya 'nATaka samayasAra' tatkAlIna dhArmika samAja meM tulasIdAsa ke rAmacaritamAnasa ke samAna hI lokapriya thaa| unake chandoM ko loga rAmAyaNa kI caupAiyoM ke samAna hI gunagunAyA karate the| Aja bhI jaina samAja meM 'nATaka samayasAra' atyanta lokapriya racanA ke rUpa meM sthAna pAye hue haiN| Apake dvArA likhA gayA 'arddhakathAnaka' hindI-AtmakathA sAhitya kI sarvaprathama racanA hai jisameM kavi kA Arambha se 55 varSa taka kA jIvana darpaNa kI bhA~ti pratibimbita hai| AtmakathA sAhitya kI prathamakRti hone para bhI praur3hatA ko lie hue hai| ApakI phuTakara racanAe~ 'banArasI vilAsa' meM saMkalita haiN| 'nAmamAlA' nAmaka padyabaddha eka koza grantha bhI hai| ApakA jIvana aneka utAra-car3hAvoM ko lie hue hai| ApakA janma vikrama saM0 1643, mAgha zuklA, 11 ravivAra ke dina jaunapura meM zrImAla kulotpanna lAlA kharagasena jI ke yahA~ huA thaa| 1. hindI gadya kA vikAsa : DaoN. premaprakAza gautama, anusandhAna prakAzana, AcAryanagara, kAnapura-3, pR0 174 2. uparokta 3. vahI, pR0 174-75 4. arddha kathAnaka : banArasIdAsa, saMzodhita sAhitya mAlA, ThAkura dvAra, bambaI, bhUmikA, pR0 78
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________________ rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gayakAra 546 ................................... ........................ ......... .. . . .... inake jIvana ke sambandha meM hama anubhavI lekhaka paM0 banArasIdAsa caturvedI kI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ uddhRta karanA upayukta samajhate haiM "koI tIna sau varSa pahale kI bAta hai| eka bhAvuka hindI kavi ke mana meM nAnA prakAra ke vicAra uTha rahe the| jIvana ke aneka utAra-car3hAva ve dekha cuke the| aneka saMkaToM meM se ve gujara cuke the, kaI bAra bAla-bAla bace the, kabhI cora DAkuoM ke hAtha jAna-mAla khone kI AzaMkA thI, to kabhI sUlI para car3hane kI naubata Ane vAlI thI, aura kaI bAra bhayaMkara bImAriyoM se maraNAsanna ho gaye the| gArha sthika durghaTanAoM kA zikAra unheM kaI bAra honA par3A thaa| eka ke bAda eka unakI do patniyoM kI mRtyu ho cukI thii| aura unake nau baccoM meM se eka bhI jIvita nahIM rahA thA / apane jIvana meM unhoMne aneka raMga dekhe the-taraha-taraha ke khela khele the-kabhI ve AzikI ke raMga meM sarAbora the, to kabhI dhArmikatA una para savAra thI, aura eka bAra to AdhyAtmika phiTa ke vazIbhUta hokara varSoM ke parizrama se likhA gayA apanA navarasa kA grantha gomatI nadI ke havAle kara diyA thaa| saMvat 1668 meM apanI tRtIya patnI ke sAtha baiThe hue yadi unheM kisI dina Atmacaritra kA vicAra sUjhA ho to usameM Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM nau bAlaka hue mue, rahe nAri nara doii| jyoM taravara patajhAra ha, rahe ThUTha se hoI // apane jIvana ke patajhar3a ke dinoM meM likhI huI isa choTI sI pustaka se yaha AzA unhoMne svapna meM bhI na kI hogI ki vaha kaI sau varSa taka hindI jagata meM unake yaza:zarIra ko jIvita rahane meM samartha hogii|' __ kavivara banArasIdAsa ke jIvana aura sAhitya ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie DA. ravIndrakumAra jaina ke zodha prabandha 'kavivara banArasIdAsa, jIvana aura kRtitva'2 kA adhyayana karanA caahie| dIpacanda sAha-dIpacanda sAha bhI una AdhyAtmika vidvAnoM meM se the jinhoMne hindI gadya nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| ve khaNDelavAla jAti ke kAsalIvAla gotra meM janme the| ata: kaI sthAnoM para unakA nAma dIpacanda kAsalIvAla bhI likhA milatA hai| ye pahile sAMgAnera meM rahate the kintu bAda meM Amera A gaye the / ye svabhAva se sarala, sAdagI priya aura adhyAtma carcA ke rasika vidvAn the| Apake dvArA racita 'anubhava prakAza' (saM0 1781-vi0 1724 I0), "cidvilAsa' (saM0 1779-vi0 1722 ii0)| 'AtmAvalokana' (saM0 1777-vi0 1720 I0) paramAtma-prasaMga, jJAnadarpaNa, upadeza ratnamAlA svarUpAnanda nAmaka grantha haiN| baDhAr3ha pradeza ke anya digambara jaina lekhakoM kI bhA~ti unakI bhASA meM braja aura rAjasthAnI ke rUpoM ke sAtha khaDI bolI ke zabda rUpa hai| yadyapi inakI bhASA ToDaramala jaise diggaja lekhakoM kI apekSA kama parimArjita hai tathApi vaha svaccha hai evaM sAdhu vAkyoM meM gambhIra arthAbhivyakti usakI vizeSatA hai| sAhityika mUlyoM kI dRSTi se inakI racanAoM kA mahattva cAhe utanA na ho jitanA tatvacintana evaM hindI gadya ke nirmANa va pracAra kI dRSTi se inakA kArya abhinandanIya hai| hindI gadya kI bAlyAvasthA meM bahuta racanAoM kA gadya meM nirmANa kara inhoMne isakI riktatA ko bharane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA aura isa dizA meM mahattvapUrNa yoga bhI diyA hai| inakI bhASA kA namUnA nimnAnusAra hai 'jaise bAnara eka kAMkarA ke par3e rauve taise yAke deha kA eka aMga bhI chIje to bahuterA rauve / ye 1. paM0 banArasIdAsa caturvedI, arddhakathAnaka bhUmikA, saM0 nAthUrAma premI 2. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 3. hindI gadya kA vikAsa : DA0 premaprakAza gautama, anusandhAna prakAzana, pR0 187
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________________ karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa mere aura maiM inakA jhUTha hI aise jar3ana ke sevana se sukha maan| apanI zivanagarI kA rAjya bhUlyA, jo zrI guru ke kahe zivapurI ko saMbhAlai, to vahA~ kA Apa cetana rAjA avinAzI rAjya krai|' mahApaMDita ToDaramala-DA0 gautama ke zabdoM meM "jaina hindI gadyakAroM meM ToDaramala jI kA sthAna bahuta UMcA hai / unhoMne TIkAoM aura svatantra granthoM ke rUpa meM donoM prakAra se gadya nirmANa kA virATa udyoga kiyA hai| ToDaramalajI kI racanAoM ke sUkSmAnuzIlana se patA calatA hai ki ve adhyAtma aura jainadharma ke hI vettA na the apitu vyAkaraNa, darzana, sAhitya aura siddhAnta ke jJAtA the / bhASA para bhI inakA acchA adhikAra thA" IsavI kI aThArahavIM sadI ke antima dinoM meM rAjasthAna kA gulAbI nagara jayapura jainiyoM kI kAzI bana rahA thaa| AcAryakalpa paNDita ToDaranalajI kI agAdha vidvattA aura pratibhA se prabhAbita hokara sampUrNa bhArata kA tatvajijJAsu samAja jayapura kI ora cAtaka dRSTi se nihAratA thaa| bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna prAntoM meM saMcAlita tatva-goSThiyoM aura AdhyAtmika maNDaliyoM meM cacita gUr3hatama zaMkAe~ samAdhAnArtha jayapura bhejI jAtI thIM aura jayapura se paNDita jI dvArA samAdhAna pAkara tatva jijJAsu samAja apane ko kRtArtha mAnatA thaa| sAdharmI bhAI va0 rAyamala ne apanI 'jIvanapatrikA' meM tatkAlIna jayapura kI dhArmika sthiti kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai "tahA~ nirantara hajAroM puruSa strI devaloka kI sI nAI caityAlai Aya mahApuNya upAraja, dIrgha kAla kA saMcayA pApa tAkA kSaya karai / sau-pacAsa bhAI pUjA karane vAre pAIe, sau pacAsa bhASA zAstra bAMcane vAre pAIe, dasa bIsa saMskRta zAstra vAMcane vAre, sau pacAsa jane caracA karane vAre pAIe aura nityAna kA sabhA ke zAstra vAMcane kA vyAkhyAna viSa pAMca se sAta se puruSa, tIna cyAri se strIjana, saba milI hajAra bArA se puruSa strI zAstra kA zravaNa karai bIsa tIsa bAyAM zAstrAbhyAsa karai, deza deza kA prazna ihAM Avai tinA samAdhAna hoya uhAM pahuMce, ityAdi adbhuta mahimA caturthakAla yA nagra viSa, jinadharma kI pravarti paaiie"| yadyapi sarasvatI ke varada putra kA jIvana AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoM se ota-prota hai, tathApi sAhityika va sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI unakA pradeya kama nahIM hai / AcAryakalpa paNDita ToDaramala jI una dArzanika sAhityakAroM evaM krAntikAriyoM meM se haiM, jinhoMne AdhyAtmika kSetra meM AI huI vikRtiyoM kA sArthaka va samartha khaNDana hI nahIM kiyA varan unheM jar3a se ukhAr3a pheNkaa| unhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita sAhitya bhASA braja meM dArzanika viSayoM kA vivecaka aisA gadya prastuta kiyA jo unake pUrva virala hai| paNDitajI kA samaya IsavI kI aThArahavIM zatI kA madhyakAla hai| vaha saMkrAntikAlIna yuga thaa| usa samaya rAjanIti meM asthiratA, sampradAyoM meM tanAva, sAhitya meM zRMgAra, dharma meM rUr3hivAda, Arthika jIvana meM viSamatA evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM ADambara--ye saba ApanI carama sImA para the| una sabase paNDitajI ko saMgharSa karanA thA, jo unhoMne DaTakara kiyA aura prANoM kI bAjI lagAkara kiyaa| paNDita ToDaramalajI gambhIra prakRti ke AdhyAtmika mahApuruSa the| ve svabhAva se sarala, saMsAra se udAsa, dhana ke dhanI, nirabhimAnI, vivekI, adhyayanazIla, pratibhAvAna, bAhyADambara virodhI, dRr3ha zraddhAnI, krAntikArI, siddhAntoM kI kImata para kabhI na jhukane vAle, AtmAnubhavI, lokapriya, pravacanakAra, siddhAnta granthoM ke saphala TIkAkAra evaM paropakArI mahAmAnava the| - 1. hindI sAhitya, dvi0 kha0, bhAratIya hindI pariSad prayAga, pR0 465 2. hindI gadya kA vikAsa : DA0 premaprakAza gautama, anusandhAna prakAzana, AcAryanagara, kAnapura, pR0 188 paNDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva aura kartRtva, pariziSTa, prakAzaka : ToDaramala (paMDita) smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura-4 (rAjasthAna) 0
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________________ rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gadyakAra ve vinamra para dRr3ha nizcayI vidvAn evaM sarala svabhAvI the| ve prAmANika mahApuruSa the / tatkAlIna AdhyAtmika samAja meM tattvajJAna sambandhI prakaraNoM meM unake kathana pramANa ke taura para prastuta kiye jAte the / ve lokapriya AdhyAtmika pravaktA the / dhArmika utsavoM meM janatA kI adhika se adhika upasthiti ke liye unake nAma kA prayoga AkarSaNa ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA thA / gRhastha hone para bhI unakI vRtti sAdhutA kI pratIka thIM / paNDitajI ke pitA kA nAma jogIdAsajI evaM mAtA kA nAma rambhAdevI thaa| ve jAti se khaNDelavAla the aura gotra thA godIkA, jise bhauMsA va baDajAtyA bhI kahate haiN| unake vaMzaja DholAkA bhI kahalAte the / ve vivAhita the para unakI patnI va susarAla pakSa vAloM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unake do putra haricanda aura gumAnIrAma | gumAnIrAma bhI unake samAna uccakoTi ke vidvAn aura prabhAvaka, AdhyAtmikatA ke pravaktA the| unake pAsa bar3e-bar3e vidvAn bhI tatva kA rahasya samajhane Ate the| paNDita devIdAsa godhA ne "siddhAntasAra TIkA prazasti" meM isakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| paNDita ToDaramalajI kI mRtyu ke uparAnta ve paNDita ToDaramala dvArA saMcAlata dhArmika krAnti ke sUtradhAra rhe| unake nAma se eka paMtha bhI calA jo "gumAna paMtha" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / paNDita ToDaramalajI kI sAmAnya zikSA jayapura kI eka AdhyAtmika (terApaMtha ) saMlI meM huI, jisakA bAda meM unhoMne saphala saMcAlana bhI kiyaa| unake pUrva bAbA baMzIdharajI ukta sailI ke saMcAlaka the| paNDita ToDaramalajI guhatattvoM ke to svayaM baddha jJAtA the / 'labdhisAra" va "kSapaNAsAra" kI saMdRSTiyA~ Arambha karate hue ve likhate haiM" zAstra viSai likhyA nAhIM aura batAvane vAlA milyA nAhIM / " -- saMskRta, prAkRta aura hindI ke atirikta unheM kannar3a bhASA kA bhI jJAna thaa| mUla granthoM ko ve katipa meM par3ha-likha sakate the| kannar3a bhASA aura lipi kA jJAna evaM abhyAsa bhI unhoMne svayaM kiyaa| ve kannar3a bhASA ke granthoM para vyAkhyAna karate the evaM ve kannar3a lipi bhI likha bhI lete the / bra0 rAyamala ne likhA hai "dakSiNa deza sUM pAMca sAta aura grantha tAr3apatra viye karNATI lipi meM likhyA dahAM padhAre haiM, tAkUM mala jI bAca haiM, vAkA yathArtha vyAkhyAna kareM haiM vA karNATI lipi meM likhi le hai / " yadyapi unakA adhikAMza jIvana jayapura meM hI bItA tathApi unheM apanI AjIvikA ke lie kucha samaya siyANA rahanA par3A / vahA~ ve dillI ke eka sAhUkAra ke yahA~ kArya karate the / "bahuri bArA hajAra trilokasArajI kI TIkA vA bArA hajAra mokSamArga prakAzaka graMtha aneka zAstrA ke anusvAra ara AramAnusAsanajI kI TIkA vA hajAra tIna yA tInA graMthA kI ThIkA bhI ToDaramalajI saMtAlIsa barasa kI Ayu pUrNa kari paraloka viSai gamana kI" / paramparAgata mAnyatAnusAra unakI Ayu kula 27 varSa kahI jAtI rahI, parantu unakI sAhityika sAdhanA, jJAna va prApta ullekhoM ko dekhate hue merA yaha nizcita mata hai ki ve 47 varSa taka avazya jIvita rahe / isa sambandha meM sAdharmI 0 rAyamala dvArA likhita 'carcA-saMgraha grantha kI alIgaMja (eTA, u0pra0) meM prApta hastalikhita prati ke pR0 170 kA nimnalikhita ullekha vizeSa draSTavya hai| : 1. indradhvaja vidhAna mahotsava patrikA 1: 2. buddhi vilAsa bakhatarAma zAha, chanda 1303, 3. (ka) vIravANI: ToDaramala pa0 285, 266. 551 S+0 paNDita bakhatarAma zAha ke anusAra kucha madAndha logoM dvArA lagAye gae zivapiNDI ko ukhAr3ane ke Aropa ke sandarbha meM rAjA dvArA sabhI zrAvakoM ko kaida kara liyA gayA thA / aura terApaMthiyoM ke guru, mahAna dharmAtmA, mahApuruSa paMDita ToDaramalajI ko mRtyudaNDa diyA gayA thaa| duSToM ke bhar3akAne meM Akara rAjA ne unheM mAtra prANadaNDa hI nahIM diyA balki gaMdagI meM gar3avA diyA thA / " yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki unheM hAthI ke paira ke nIce kucalavA kara mArA thaa| 1304. (kha) hindI sAhitya, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 500. + .
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________________ 552 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa paNDita ToDaramala jI AdhyAtmika sAdhaka the| unhoMne jaina darzana aura siddhAntoM kA gahana adhyayana hI nahIM kiyA apitu use tatkAlIna janabhASA meM likhA hai| isameM unakA mukhya uddezya apane dArzanika cintana ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAnA thA / paNDitajI ne prAcIna jaina granthoM kI vistRta, gahana parantu subodha bhASA TIkAe~ likhiiN| ina bhASA TIkAoM meM kaI bAra viSayoM para bahuta hI maulika vicAra milate haiM jo unake svatantra cintana ke pariNAma the| bAda meM inhI vicAroM ke AdhAra para unhoMne katipaya maulika granthoM kI racanA bhI kii| unameM se sAta to TIkAgrantha haiM aura pA~ca maulika racanAeM / unakI racanAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai--1. maulika racanAe~ 2. vyAkhyAtmaka TIkAeM / maulika racanAe~ gadya aura padya donoM rUpoM meM hai| gadya racanAeM cAra zailiyoM meM milatI haiM 1. varNanAtmaka zailI 3. yaMtra racanAtmaka (pArTa zailI) 2. patrAtmaka zailI 4. vivecanAtmaka zailI varNanAtmaka zailI meM samosaraNa Adi kA sarala bhASA meM sIdhA varNana hai / paNDitajI ke pAsa jijJAsu loga dUradUra se apanI zaMkAe~ bhejate the, unake sAmAdhAna meM vaha jo kucha likhate the, vaha lekhana patrAtmaka zailI ke antargata AtA hai / isameM tarka aura anubhUti kA sundara samanvaya hai| ina patroM meM eka patra bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| solaha pRSThIya yaha patra 'rahasyapUrNa ciTThI' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yantra racanAtmaka zailI meM cArToM dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai / 'arthasaMdRSTi adhikAra' isI prakAra kI racanA hai| vivecanAtmaka zailI meM saiddhAntika viSayoM ko praznottara paddhati meM vistRta vivecana karake yukti va udAharaNoM se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| "mokSamArga prakAzaka" isI zreNI meM AtA hai| padyAtmaka racanAe~ do rUpoM meM upalabdha haiM1. bhaktiparaka 2. prazastiparaka bhaktiparaka racanAoM meM 'gommaTasAra pUjA' evaM granthoM ke Adi, madhya aura anta meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prApta phuTakara padyAtmaka racanAe~ haiM / granthoM ke anta meM likhI gaI paricayAtmaka prazastiyA~ prazastiparaka zreNI meM AtI hai| SIN paNDita ToDaramalajI kI vyAkhyAtmaka TIkAe~ do rUpoM meM pAI jAtI haiM--1. saMskRta granthoM kI TIkAyeM, 2. prAkRta granthoM kI ttiikaayeN| saMskRta granthoM kI TIkAyeM 'AtmAnuzAsana bhASA TIkA' aura 'puruSArthasiddhi yupAya bhASA TIkA' hai| prAkRta granthoM meM gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, labdhisAra-kSapaNAsAra aura trilokasAra haiM, jinakI bhASA TIkAe~ unhoMne likhI haiN| 1. (ka) bAbU jJAnacaMda jI jaina, lAhaura, vi0 saM0 1054 (kha) jaina aMtharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1911 IsavI (ga) pannAlAla jI cauthe, vArANasI, bI0ni0 saM0 2451 (gha) anantakIti prathamAlA, bambaI, bI0 ni0 saM0 2463 (ka) sastI graMthamAlA, dillI, 1965 IsavI gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, labdhisAra aura kSapaNAsAra kI bhASA TIkArya paNDita ToDaramala jI ne alaga-alaga banAI thI parantu cAroM TIkAoM ko paraspara eka dUsare se sambandhita evaM paraspara eka kA adhyayana dUsare ke adhyayana meM sahAyaka jAnakara unhoMne ukta cAroM TIkAoM ko milAkara eka kara diyA tathA usakA nAma 'samyagjJAna candrikA' rakha diyA / "
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________________ rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gadyakAra 553 samyagjJAna candrikA vivecanAtmaka gadya zailI meM likhI gaI hai| prArambha meM ikahattara pRSTha kI pIThikA hai| Aja navIna zailI ke sampAdita granthoM meM bhUmikA kA bar3A mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| zailI ke kSetra meM do sau bIsa varSa pUrva likhI gaI samyagjJAna candrikA kI pIThikA Adhunika bhUmikA kA Arambhika rUpa hai| kintu bhUmikA kA Adya rUpa hone para bhI usameM praur3hatA pAI jAtI hai, usameM hakalApana kahIM bhI dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| usako par3hane se grantha kA pUrA hArda khula jAtA hai evaM isa gUr3ha grantha ke par3hane meM Ane vAlI pAThaka kI samasta kaThinAiyA~ dUra ho jAtI haiN| hindI AtmakathA-sAhitya meM jo mahattva mahAkavi paNDita banArasIdAsa ke 'arddha kathAnaka' ko prApta hai, vahI mahattva hindI bhUmikA sAhitya meM samagjJAnacandrikA kI pIThikA kA hai| ___ 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' paNDita ToDaramalajI kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa grantha kA AdhAra koI eka grantha na hokara sampUrNa jaina sAhitya hai| yaha sampUrNa jaina sAhitya ko apane meM sameTa lene kA eka sArthaka prayatna thA, para kheda hai ki yaha grantha rAja pUrNa na ho sakA / anyathA yaha kahane meM saMkoca na hotA ki yadi sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya kahIM eka jagaha sarala, subodha aura janabhASA meM dekhanA ho to 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' ko dekha liijiye| apUrNa hone para bhI yaha apanI apUrvatA ke lie prasiddha hai / yaha eka atyanta lokapriya grantha hai, jisake kaI saMskaraNa nikala cuke haiM evaM khar3I bolI meM isake anuvAda bhI kaI bAra prakAzita ho cuke haiN|" yaha urdU meM bhI chapa cukA hai| marAThI aura gujarAtI meM isake anuvAda prakAzita ho cuke haiN| abhI taka saba kula milAkara isakI 51,200 pratiyA~ chapa cukI haiM / isake atirikta bhAratavarSa ke digambara jaina mandiroM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isa grantharAja kI hajAroM hastalikhita pratiyAM pAI jAtI haiM / samUce samAja meM yaha svAdhyAya aura pravacana kA lokapriya grantha hai| Aja bhI paNDita ToDaramala jI digambara jaina samAja meM sarvAdhika par3he jAne vAle vidvAn haiN| 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' kI mUlaprati bhI upalabdha hai| evaM usake phoTopriNTa karA liye gaye haiM jo jayapura, bambaI, dillI aura sonagar3ha meM surakSita haiM / isa para svatantra pravacanAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ bhI milatI haiN| yaha grantha vivecanAtmaka gadya zailI meM likhA gayA hai| praznottaroM dvArA viSaya ko bahuta gaharAI se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isakA pratipAdya eka gambhIra viSaya hai, para jisa viSaya ko uThAyA gayA hai usake sambandha meM uThane vAlI pratyeka zaMkA kA samAdhAna prastuta karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| pratipAdana zailI meM manovaijJAnikatA evaM maulikatA pAI jAtI hai / prathama zaMkA ke samAdhAna meM dvitIya zaMkA kI utthAnikA nihita rahatI hai| grantha ko par3hate samaya pAThaka ke hRdaya meM jo prazna upasthita hotA hai use hama agalI paMkti meM likhA pAte haiM / grantha par3hate samaya pAThaka ko Age par3hane kI utsukatA barAbara banI rahatI hai| vAkya racanA saMkSipta aura viSaya-pratipAdana zailI tArkika evaM gambhIra hai / vyartha kA vistAra usameM nahIM hai, 1. (ka) a0bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha mathurA, vi0 saM0 2005 (kha) zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagar3ha, vi0 saM0 2023, 26, 30 2. dAtArAma ceriTebila TrasTa, 1583, darIbAkalA, dillI, vi0 saM0 2027 3. (ka) zrI di0 jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (kha) mahAvIra bra0 Azrama, kAraMjA 4. di. jaina mandira dIvAna bhadIcaMda jI, ghI vAloM kA rAstA, jayapura, 5. vahI, jypur| 6. zrI di. jaina sImaMdhara jinAlaya, javerI bAjAra, bambaI / 7. zrI di. jaina mumukSu maNDala, zrI di. jaina mandira, dharmapurA, dillI 8. zrI di0 jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha 9. AdhyAtmika satpuruSa zrI kAnajI svAmI dvArA kiye gaye pravacana "mokSamArga prakAza kI kiraNeM" nAma se do bhAgoM meM zrI di. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha se hindI va gujarAtI bhASA meM kaI bAra prakAzita ho cuke haiN|
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________________ '554 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana anya : paMcama khaNDa ....-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-........... .................................... para vistAra ke saMkoca meM koI viSaya aspaSTa nahIM rahA hai| lekhaka viSaya kA yathocita vivecana karatA huA Age bar3hane ke lie svayaM hI Atura rahA hai| jahA~ kahIM bhI viSaya kA vistAra huA hai vahA~ uttarottara navInatA AtI gaI hai| vaha viSaya vistAra sAMgopAMga viSaya-vivecanA kI preraNA se hI huA hai| jisa viSaya ko unhoMne chuA usameM "kyoM" kA praznavAcaka samApta ho gayA hai / zailI aisI adbhuta hai ki eka aparicita viSaya bhI sahaja hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai| paNDitajI kA sabase bar3A pradeya yaha hai ki unhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta meM nibaddha AdhyAtmika tattvajJAna ko bhASAgadya ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA aura tattva vivecana meM eka naI dRSTi dii| yaha navInatA unakI krAntikArI dRSTi meM hai| TIkAkAra hote hue bhI paNDitajI ne gadya zailI kA nirmANa kiyaa| DaoN. gautama ne unheM gadya nirmAtA svIkAra kiyA hai| unakI zailI dRSTAntayukta praznottaramayI tathA sugama hai / ve aisI zailI apanAte haiM jo na to ekadama zAstrIya hai aura na AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM aura camatkAroM se bojhil| unakI isa zailI kA sarvottama nirvAha 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' meM hai / tatkAlIna sthiti meM gadya bhAga ko AdhyAtmika cintana kA mAdhyama banAnA bahuta hI sUjha-bUjha aura aura zrama kA kArya thaa| unakI zailI meM unake cintaka kA caritra aura tarka kA svabhAva spaSTa jhalakatA hai| eka AdhyAtmika lekhaka hote hue bhI unakI gadyazailI meM vyaktitva kA prakSepa unakI maulika vizeSatA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki paNDita ToDaramalajI na kevala TIkAkAra the balki adhyAtma ke maulika vicAraka bhI the| unakA yaha cintana samAja kI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM aura bar3hate hue AdhyAtmika zithilAcAra ke sandarbha meM ekadama saTIka hai| lokabhASA kAvyazailI meM 'rAmacaritamAnasa' likhakara mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne jo kAma kiyA, vahI kAma unake do sau varSa bAda gadya meM 'jina-adhyAtma' ko lekara paNDita ToDaramalajI ne kiyaa| - jagata ke sabhI bhautika dvandvoM se dUra rahane vAle evaM nirantara AtmasAdhanA va sAhitya-sAdhanArata isa mahAmAnava ko jIvana kI madhya vaya meM hI sAmpradAyika vidveSa kA zikAra hokara jIvana se hAtha dhonA pdd'aa| inake vyaktitva aura kartRtva ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye lekhaka ke zodha prabandha 'paNDita ToDaramala / vyaktitva aura kartRtva kA adhyayana karanA cAhiye / inakI bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai "tAte bahuta kahA kahiye, jaise rAgAdi miTAvane kA zraddhAna hoya so hI samyagdarzana hai| bahari jaise rAgAdi miTAvane kA jAnanA hoya so hI samyagjJAna hai| bahuri jaise rAgAdi miTeM so hI samyakcAritra hai / aisA hI mokSamArga mAnanA yogya hai| baulatarAma kAsalIvAla-mahApaNDita ToDaramalajI ke pazcAt yadi kisI mahattvapUrNa gadya-nirmAtA kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai to vaha hai daulatarAma kaasliivaal| inakA ullekha AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne bhI apane hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa ke 'gadya vikAsa' (pR0 411 para) meM kiyA hai|| inakA janma jayapura se lagabhaga 100 kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita vasavA nAmaka sthAna para vikrama saM0 1748 meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma AnandarAma thaa| ye khaNDelavAla jAti evaM kAsalIvAla gotra ke digambara jaina vidvAna the| ve jayapura rAjya meM uccAdhikArI ke pada para sevArata the| ye jayapura ke rAjA savAI jayasiMha ke vakIla banakara bahuta kAla taka udayapura meM rhe| usa samaya kI racanAoM meM inhoMne svayaM ko nRpamantrI likhA hai| sAdharmI bhAI ba. rAyamalajI ne apanI jIvana patrikA meM tatsambandhI ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai 1. hindI gadya kA vikAsa, DaoN. premaprakAza gautama, anusandhAna prakAzana, AcArya nagara, kAnapura, pR0 185 va 188 2. prakAzaka - paMDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara jayapura--4 3. mokSamArga prakAzaka, paMDita ToDaramala TrasTa, pR0, 313
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________________ pIche rANA kA udepura virSa daulatarAma terApaMthI, jepura ke jayatyaMdha rAjA ke ukIla sAsU dharma Athi mile| tAkai saMskRta kA jJAna nIkAM, bAla avasthA sU leM vRddha avasthA paryanta sadaiva sau pacAsa zAstra avalokana kIyA aura uhA~ daulatarAma ke nimitta kari dasa bIsa sAdharmI vA dasa bIsa bAyAM sahita selI kA baNAva baNi rhaa| tAkA avalokana kari sAhi pUraM pAchA Ae / " inhIM rAjamalajI kI preraNA se daulatarAma jI ne vacanikAe~ likhI haiN| jinakI prazastiyoM meM isa bAta kI carcA sarvatra kI hai| - jayapura ke prasiddha dIvAna rAmacandra jI unake mitroM meM se the| unhoMne inase paNDita ToDaramalajI ke apUrNa TIkAgrantha puruSArthasiddha yupAya bhASATIkA pUrNa karane kA Agraha kiyA thA aura unhoMne yaha ThIkA pUrNa kI thI usakI prazasti meM isa bAta kI unhoMne spaSTa carcA kI hai evaM paNDita ToDaramalajI kA bahuta hI sammAna ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gadyakAra bhASA TIkA tADa pari kInI ToDaramalla / munivata vRtti tAkI rahI vAke maMhi acalla // inhoMne apane kavi jIvana ke Arambha kAla meM padya grantha hI adhika likhe, kintu ToDaramalajI ke prabhAva ke kAraNa ve bhI gadya kI ora jhuke phalasvarUpa mahAna evaM vizAlakAya gadya granthoM kI racanA kara ddaalii| inakI gadya racanAoM meM padmapurANa vacanikA', 'AdipurANa vacanikA' aura 'harivaMzapurANa vacanikA' jaise mahatvapUrNa prantha bhI zAmila haiN| jinakA Aja bhI sAre bhAratavarSa ke digambara jaina mandiroM meM anavarata svAdhyAya hotA hai / hindI gadya ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se daulatarAmajI kI ina kRtiyoM kA aitihAsika mahattva hai| inakA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka hai / inakI bhASA meM pravAha hai| vaha parimArjita hai / yuga kI dhArA ko badala dene meM samartha hai| inakI racanAoM kA namUnA dekhane ke liye jIvana aura sAhitya kA paricaya prApma karane ke liye DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla dvArA sampAdita 'mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla : vyaktitva aura kRtitva" kRti kA adhyayana kiyA jAnA caahiye| isakI bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai athAnaMtara pavanaMjayakumAra ne aMjanAsundarI ko paraNa kara aisI tajI jo kabahUM bAta na bUjha, so vaha sundarI pati ke asaMbhASaNa te ara kRpAdRSTi kara na dekhave teM parama duHkha karatI bhaI / (padma purANa bhASA ) athAnantara - rAjA jaratkumAra rAjya tyAga kare tAke rAjya meM pUjA Ananda ko prApta hotI bhaI rAjA mahApratApI jinakI tAke rAja ko loga ati cAheM / / 1 / / so jaratkumAra ne rAjA kaliMga kI putrI paranI tAke rAjavaMza kI dhvajA samAna vasudhvaja nAmA putra bhayA / / 2 / / tAhi rAjya kA bhAra soMpa jaratkumAra muni bhaye / sata puruSana ke kula kI yahI rIti hai / putra ko rAjya deya Apa cAritra dhAre // 3 // - harivaMzapurANa cakravartIni meM Adi prathama cakrI atula hai lakSmI jAke ara nAcate uchalate uttuMga turaMga tinike khuranikari cUrNa kIe hai viSasthala jAnai turaMgani ke khuranikari uThI reNu tAkari samudra kUM zyAmatA upajAvatA saMtA prabhAgadeva kUM jItikAri tA kI sArabhUta vastu lInhI / / 126 / / AvipurANa 555 1. mahApaMDita ToDaramala vyaktitva evaM kRtitva pR0 255-56 3. vahI, pR0 260 paM0 jayacaMdajI chAvar3A - digambara jaina samAja meM sarvAdhika sammAnanIya AcArya kundakunda ke sarvotkRSTa grantha 'samayasAra' evaM usake marma ko prakaTa karane vAlI AcArya amRtacandra kI 'AtmakhyAti' tathA 'kalazoM' ke samartha : 2. vahI, pR0 255-56 4. vahI, pR0 306 / .
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________________ karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa ................................................... .. ........... 'hindI TIkAkAra paMDita jayacandajI chAbar3A ne hindI gadya ke bhaNDAra ko apanI praur3ha lekhanI se bharapUra bharA hai| unhoMne 15 se adhika vizAla gadya racanAe~ hindI sAhitya ko dI haiN| jinameM katipaya mahattvapUrNa racanAoM ke nAma haiM1. tattvArthasUtra vacanikA vi0 saM0 1856 2. sarvArthasiddhi vacanikA vi0 saM0 1862 3. prameyatnamAlA vacanikA vi saM0 1863 4. svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA bhASA vi saM 1863 5. dravyasaMgraha vacanikA vi0 saM0 1863 6. samayasAra vacanikA vi0 saM 1864 7. devAgama stotra (AptamImAMsA) vi0 sa0 1866 8. aSTapAhuDa vacanikA vi saM0 1867 6. jJAnArNava bacanikA vi saM 1866 10. bhaktAmara stotra vacanikA vi0 saM0 1870 11. padasaMgraha 12. sAmAyika pATha vacanikA 13. patra parIkSA vacanikA 14. candraprabha carita dvi0 sarga 15. dhanyakumAracarita vacanikA 'sarvArthasiddhi vacanikA' prazasti meM unhoMne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai kAla anAdi bhramata saMsAra, pAyo narabhava meM sukhakAra / janma phAgaI layo suthani, motIrAma pitA ke Ani // 11 // pAyo nAma tahAM jayacanda, yaha parajAyataNU makaranda / dravyadRSTi meM dekhU jabai, merA nAma AtamA kabai / / 12 / / gota chAbar3A zrAvaka dharma, jAmeM bhalI kriyA zubha karma / gyAraha varSa avasthA bhaI, taba jina mAraga kI sudhi laI // 13 // Ana iSTa ko dhyAna ayogi, apane iSTa calana shubhjogi| vahAM dUjo maMdira jinarAja, terApaMtha paMtha tahAM sAja // 14 // deva dharma guru saradhA kathA, hoya jahAM jana bhAze yathA / taba mo mana umagyo tahAM calo, jo apano karano hai bhalo // 15 // jAya tahAM zraddhA dRr3ha karI, mithyA buddhi sabai pariharI / nimitta pAya jayapura meM Aya, bar3I ju sailI dekhI bhAya / / 16 // gaNI loka sAdharmI bhale, jJAnI paMDita bahute mile| pahale the vaMzIdhara nAma, dharai prabhAva zubha ThAma // 17 // ToDaramala paMDita mati kharI, gommaTasAra vanikA krii| tAkI mahimA saba jana kara, vAce paDhe buddhi vistarai // 18 / / daulatarAma guNI adhikAya, paMDitarAya rAga meM jAya / tAkI buddhi lasai saba kharI, tIna purANa vacanikA karI // 16 // rAyamalla tyAgI gRhavAsa, mahArAma vratazIla nivAsa / maiM hUM inakI saMgati ThAni, buddhitaNu jinavANI jAni // 20 // ukta kathanAnusAra unakA janma jayapura ke pAsa "phAgI"' kasbA meM motIrAmajI chAvar3A ke yahA~ huA thaa| gyAraha varSa kI avasthA meM unheM AdhyAtmika ruci jAgRta huii| terApaMthI mandira meM hone vAlI tattvacarcA meM zAmila hone lge| kucha samaya bAda kAraNavaza jayapura AnA huA aura yahAM unhoMne bahuta bar3I sailI dekhI / yahA~ bar3e-bar3e jJAnI paMDita guNIjana prApta hue / vaMzIdharajI pahale ho cuke the| vartamAna meM bahucita va prazaMsita gommaTasAra kI vacanikA 1. phAgIgrAma jayapura se 45 kilomITara kI dUrI para DiggI-mAlapurA roDa para sthita hai|
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________________ karane vAle mahAn buddhimAna paMDita ToDaramalajI, tIna purANoM kI vacanikA karane evaM rAjadarabAra meM jAne vAle guNI vidvAn daulatarAmajI, gRhavAsatyAgI rAjamalajI evaM zIlavatI mahArAmajI the| ina sabakI saMgati meM rahakara unhoMne jinavANI kA rahasya samajhA thA / dIvAna rAmacaMdajI se isake acche sambandha the| unake dvArA AjIvikA kI sAhitya sevA kI thii| inake putra paMDita nandalAlajI bhI acche vidvAn the, unase preraNA nirmANa kiyA thA / unakI prazaMsA svayaM unhoMne kI hai / naMdalAla merA suta gunI, paMDita bhayo vahA~ paravIna, baDauM rAjasthAnI digambara jaina gadyakAra bAlapane taM vidyA sunii| tAhU ne preraNa yaha kIna / / inake granthoM kI bhASA sarala, gambhIra bhAva aura tAttvika gaharAiyAM jaise isa loka viSe suvarNa ara rUpA kUM gAti eka kiye eka piNDa kA vyavahAra hoya hai jaise AtmA ke ara zarIra ke paraspara eka kSetra kI avasthA hI meM eka paNAM kA vyavahAra hai aise vyavahAra mAtra hI kari AtmA zarIra kA eka paNA / bahuri nizcaya taiM eka paNA nAhIM hai / jAte pIlA ara pAMDura hai svabhAva jinikA aisA suvarNa ara rUpA hai tinakai jaise nizcaya vicAriye taba atyanta bhinna paNa kari eka-eka padArtha paNA kI anupasthiti hai / tAtai nAnApanA hI hai / subodha evaM parimArjita hai, bhASA meM jahA~ bhI durUhatA AyI hai, unakA kAraNa rahI haiN| inake gadya kA namUnA isa prakAra hai paMDita sadAsukhadAsa- paMDitapravara jayacanda jI chAvar3A ke bAda hindI bhASA ke gadya bhaNDAra ko samRddha karane. bAle kisI digambara jaina vidvAna kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai to ve haiM paMDita sadAsukhadAsa kaasliivaal| inakA janma jayapura meM vikrama saMvat 1852 tadanusAra IsavI 1795 ke lagabhaga huA thaa| kyoMki vi0 saM0 1920 meM racita 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra bhASA TIkA' kI prazasti meM Apane apane ko 68 varSa kA likhA hai-- asaf vara ju Ayu ke, bIte tujha adhAra / zeSa Ayu taba zaraNa te, jAhu yahI mama sAra // 17 // 557 sthiratA pAkara unhoMne vividha pAkara bhI inhoMne sAhitya Apake pitA kA nAma thA dulIcanda aura ve 'DeDAkA' kahalAte the| ye sahanazIlatA ke dhanI aura saMtoSI vidvAn the| apanA adhikAMza samaya adhyayana manana, paThana-pAThana aura lekhana meM hI lagAyA karate the / Apake dvArA likhita grantha nimnAnusAra haiM: 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhASA vacanikA vi0 saM0 1906 3. tattvArthasUtra bRhad bhASA TIkA 'artha prakAzikA' vi0saM0 1914 1. hindI sAhitya dvitIya khaNDa pR0 504. : 1 inase preraNA pAkara evaM adhyayana kara paM0 pannAlAla saMdhI, pArasadAsa nigotyA jaise yogya vidvAn taiyAra hue the inakI vidvattA aura sadguNoM kI thAka dUra-dUra taka thii| ArA se parameSThI zAha agravAla ne 'tatvArtha sUtra' para 'artha prakAzikA' nAmaka TIkA pA~ca hajAra zloka pramANa likhakara inake pAsa saMzodhanArtha bhejI thii| inhoMne usakA yogyatApUrvaka saMzodhana kara use 11 hajAra zloka pramANa banAkara unheM vApisa bheja dI thii| vRddhAvasthA meM apane 20 varSIya ikalaute putra ke svargavAsa ke kAraNa kucha TUTa se gaye the / inake ziSya seTha mUlacanda sonI viyogajanya duHkha kama karane kI dRSTi se inheM ajamera le gaye phira bhI ye adhika kAla jIvita nahIM rahe / antima samaya meM apane suyogya ziSya pannAlAla saMghI Adi ko tattva pracAra karane kI preraNA dI jise unhoMne bhalIbhAMti nibhaayaa| 2. tatvArtha sUtra laghu bhASA TIkA vi0 saM0 1610 4. samayasAra nATaka bhASA vacanikA vi0saM0 1914 0.0 .
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________________ 558 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa 5. akalaMkASTaka bhASA vacanikA vi0 saM0.1615 6 . mRtyu mahotsava 7. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra bhASA TIkA vi0 saM0 19208. nitya niyama pUjA vi0 saM0 1921 eka RSimaNDala pUjA bhI Apake dvArA racita batAI jAtI hai / inakI bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai : "saMsAra meM dharma aisA nAma to samasta loka kahe haiM, parantu zabda artha to aisA jo naraka tiryaJcAdika gati meM paribhramaNa rUpa duHkhate AtmAkU chur3Aya uttama AtmIka, avinAzI atIndriya mokSasukha meM dhAraNa kara so dharma hai| so aisA dharma mola nAhIM Ave jo dhana kharaci dAna sanmAnAdika tai grahaNa kariye tathA kisI kA diyA nAhIM Avai jo sevA upAsanAte rAjI kara liyA jaay| tathA madira, parvata jala, agni, devamUrti, tIrthAdikana meM nAhIM dharayA hai, jo vahA~ jAya lyaaiye| tathA upavAsavata, bAhyaklezAdi tapa meM hU, zarIrAdi kRza karane meM hU nAhIM mile| tathA devAdhideva ke maMdirI ni meM upakaraNadAna maNDala pUjanAdikari tathA gRha chor3a vana zmazAna meM barAnekari tathA paramezvara ke nAma jApyAdikari dharma nAhIM pAiye hai| dharma to AtmA kA svabhAva hai / jo para meM Atmabuddhi chor3a apanA jJAtA draSTA rUpa svabhAva kA zraddhAna anubhava tathA jJAyaka svabhAva meM hI pravartana rUpa jo AcaraNa so dharma hai|" yadyapi gata-cAra pA~ca sau varSoM meM zatAdhika digambara jaina vidvAnoM ne rAjasthAnI hindI-sAhitya ke gadya bhaNDAra ko kAphI samRddha kiyA hai, use praur3hatA pradAna kI hai, usakA parimArjana kiyA hai, sazakta banAyA hai tathApi sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa yahA~ mAtra katipaya pratinidhi gadyakAroM ke vyaktitva aura kartRtva kA saMkSipta paricaya hI diyA jA sakA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki ukta saMkSipta vivaraNa bhI manISiyoM ko digambara jaina gadyakAroM kI ora AkRSTa karegA aura rAjasthAna jaina grantha bhaNDAroM meM zodha-manana, paThana-pAThana evaM prakAzana ko prerita kregaa| 1. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra bhASATIkA, pRSTha 2