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________________ rAjasthAna kA jaina saMskRta sAhitya DaoN0 premacanda vakA, prAdhyApaka, rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, manoharapura ( jayapura ) bhAratIya itihAsa meM rAjasthAna kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / yahA~ kI dharatI vIra prasivanI hone sAtha-sAtha manISI sAhityakAroM evaM saMskRta bhASA ke udbhaTa vidvAnoM kI karmasthalI bhI rahI hai| eka ora yahA~ kI karmabhUmi kA kaNa-kaNa vIratA evaM zaurya ke lie prasiddha rahA hai to dUsarI ora bhAratIya sAhitya evaM saMskRti ke gaurava - sthala bhI yahA~ paryApta saMkhyA meM milate haiM yahAM ke vIra yoddhAoM ne apanI-apanI jananI janmabhUmi kI rakSArtha ha~sate-ha~sate prANoM ko nyauchAvara kiyA to yahA~ hone vAle AcAryoM, RSi-muniyoM-bhaTTArakoM, sAdhu-santoM evaM vidvAn manISiyoM ne sAhitya kI mahatI sevA kI aura apanI kRtiyoM dvArA prajA meM rASTrabhakti, naitikatA evaM sAMskRtika jAgarUkatA kA pracAra kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prArambha se hI rAjasthAna prajA evaM zAsana ke apUrva sahayoga se saMskRti, sAhitya, kalA evaM zaurya kA pramukha kendra rahA hai| yahAM ke mammI kumbhalagar3a, citaur3a, bharatapura, ajamera, maNDora aura haldIghATI jaise sthAna yadi vIratA, tyAga evaM dezabhakti ke pratIka hai, to jayapura, jaisalamera, bIkAnera, nAgaura, ajamera, Amera, udayapura, DUMgarapura, sAgavAr3A, galiyAkoTa Adi kitane hI nagara granthakAroM evaM sAhityopAsakoM ke pavitra sthala haiM, jinhoMne aneka saMkaToM evaM jhaMjhAvAtoM ke madhya bhI sAhitya kI dharohara surakSita rakhA hai| vastutaH zakti evaM bhakti kA apUrva sAmaMjasya isa rAjasthAna pradeza kI apanI vizeSatA hai / rAjasthAna kI isa pAvana bhUmi para anekoM santa, manISI vidvAn hue, jinhoMne apanI kRtiyoM dvArA bhAratIya vAGmaya ke bhaNDAra ko paripUrita karane meM koI kasara nahIM chor3I jaina muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM kA rAjasthAna prAnta saikar3oM varSA taka kendra rahA hai| dUgarapura, sAgavAr3A, nAgaura, ajamera, bIkAnera, jaisalamera, cittaur3a Adi ina santa vidvAnoM ke mukhya sthAna the, jahA~ se ve rAjasthAna meM hI nahIM bhArata ke anya pradezoM meM vihAra karate tathA apane jJAna evaM Atma-sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha janasAdhAraNa ke hitArtha upadeza dete the / ye santa vidvAna vividha bhASAoM ke jJAtA the / bhASAvizeSa se kabhI moha nahIM rakhate the / janasAmAnya ko ruci evaM AvazyakatAnusAra ve saMskRta, hindI Adi bhASAoM meM sAhitya saMracanA karate Atmonnati ke sAtha janakalyANa inake jIvana kA uddezya hotA thaa| rAjasthAna meM jaina sAhitya ke vizruta gaveSI vidvAn DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke zabdoM meM veda smRti, upaniSad, purANa, rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata kAla ke RSiyoM evaM santoM ke pazcAt bhAratIya sAhitya kI jitanI sevA evaM usakI surakSA jaina santoM ne kI 'utanI adhika sevA kisI sampradAya athavA dharma ke sAdhuvarga dvArA nahIM ho sakI hai|" / rAjasthAna meM hone vAle ina jaina santoM ne svayaM to vividha bhASAoM meM saikar3oM-hajAroM kRtiyoM kA sRjana kiyA hI kintu apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM, sAdhuoM, kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM kI racanAoM ko bhI bar3e prema, dhaDA evaM utsAha se saMgraha kiyaa| eka-eka grantha kI anekAneka pratiyA~ likhavAkara vibhinna grantha bhaNDAroM meM virAjamAna kI aura janatA ko par3hane evaM svAdhyAya ke lie prerita kiyaa| rAjasthAna ke saikar3oM hastalikhita granthAgAra unakI sAhitya-sevA ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiM / ye jaina santa saMgraha kI dRSTi se kabhI jAtivAda evaM sampradAyavAda ke vyAmoha meM nahIM pdd'e| unheM jahA~ se bhI lokopakArI sAhitya upalabdha huA, use zAstra bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta kiyA aura 1 muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha : rAjasthAnI jaina saMtoM kI sAhitya sAdhanA, pR0 783
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________________ rAjasthAna kA jaina saMskRta sAhitya 443 .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-............................................ sthAna-sthAna para granthAgAra sthApita kiye| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja rAjasthAna ke anya bhaNDAroM meM vividha bhASA ke vividha viSayaka tIna lAkha ke lagabhaga grantha upalabdha hote haiN| ye grantha bhaNDAra bhAratIya vAGmaya ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| bhAratIya vAGmaya kA adhikAMza bhAga inhIM bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna aMgoM kI bhA~ti sAhitya ke unnayana tathA vikAsa meM bhI rAjasthAna ne mUlyavAna yogadAna diyA hai| jaina bahulapradeza hone ke nAte saMskRta mahAkAvya kI samRddhi meM jaina kaviyoM ne zlAghya prayatna kiyA hai| DaoN. satyavrata ne ThIka hI kahA hai, "yaha sukhada Azcarya hai ki jaina sAdhakoM ne apane dIkSita jIvana tathA nizcita dRSTikoNa kI paridhi meM baddha hote hue bhI sAhitya ke vyApaka kSetra meM jhAMkane kA sAhasa kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa ve sAhitya kI vibhinna vidhAoM evaM usakI vibhinna zailiyoM kI racanAoM se bhAratI ke koza ko samRddha banAne meM saphala hue haiN|" bhAratIya saMskRta vAGmaya kA adhikAMza bhAga jaina-grantha bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai| jaisalamera, nAgaura evaM bIkAnera ke granthAgAra isa tathya ke sAkSI haiN| ina granthAgAroM ke dvArA saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa kI kar3iyA~ prakAza meM A sakI haiM / eka vidvAn ke zabdoM meM-"saMskRta ke sukRto racanAkAroM ke sAtha-sAtha hameM mahAmanA jaina muniyoM kA bhI RNI honA cAhie, jinhoMne apane saMskRtAnurAga ke kAraNa kaI durlabha evaM vismata saMskRta granthoM ko apanI mamatAmayI kor3a meM sthAna dekara unheM kAla ke bhayaMkara thaper3oM se aura itihAsa kI khUkhAra talavAra se bacAye rkhaa|"4 isase koI atizayokti nahIM hai ki rAjasthAna meM saMskRta sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa, saMvarddhana evaM sampoSaNa meM jainAcAryoM, santoM evaM vidvAnoM kA ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta bhASA meM sAhitya kI pratyeka vidhA meM-darzana, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, caritakAvya, purANa, nATaka, kathA, stotra, pUjA, bhASAzAstra Adi viSayoM para grantha race / / rAjasthAna meM 10vIM zatAbdI se pUrva hI sAhitya-premI jaina-kaviyoM kI lekhanI se aneka grantha prasUta hue / isa paramparA meM rAjasthAna jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke prathama nirmAtA haribhadrasUri the| unakA sambandha cittaur3a se thA aura astitvakAla vi0 kI 8-6vIM zatAbdI / haribhadrasUri kA prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM bhASAoM para samAna adhikAra thaa| donoM hI bhASAoM meM unakI vipula racanAe~ milatI haiN| unhoMne dharma, yoga, darzana, nyAya, anekAnta, AcAra, ahiMsA ke sAtha hI Agama sUtroM para bhI vizAla grantha likhe / pramukha granthoM meM anuyogadvArasUtra-TIkA, AvazyakasUtra-TIkA, jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra-TIkA, anekAntavAdapraveza, nyAyavinizcaya, sarvajJasiddhi prakaraNa, yogadRSTi samuccaya, yogazataka, samarAiccakahA Adi haiM / yoga-racanAoM meM jaina yoga aura pataMjali kI yogapaddhati kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| anekAnta dRSTi prApta hone para sAmpradAyika abhiniveza samApta ho jAtA hai| haribhadra sUri ne prathama bAra Agama kI vyAkhyA saMskRta meM likhii| haribhadra sari ke pazcAt 'siSi' kI mahAn kRti 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA' hai, jo vi0 saM0 682 meM likhI 1 Jain Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan : Introduction -Dr. Kastur Chand Kasliwal. 2 zrI ke0 sI jaina : jainijma ina rAjasthAna 3 jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya-rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, pR0 117. 4 DaoN0 harirAma AcArya : rAjasthAna meM saMskRta sAhitya kI paramparA, rASTrIya saMskRta zikSA sammelanam : smArikA, 1978 / 5 munizrI nathamala : saMskRta sAhitya : vikAsa evaM pravRttiyA~ (rAjasthAna), jaina sAhitya, pR0 56 6 vahI,
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________________ Q 444 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha paMcama khaDa gii| zailI kI dRSTi se yaha eka zreSThatama mahArUpaka grantha hai jo samasta bhAratIya bhASAoM meM hI nahIM, apitu vizvasAhitya meM prAcInatama evaM maulika rUpaka upanyAsa hai|' isameM kAlpanika pAtroM ke mAdhyama se dharma ke virATasvarUpa ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| ise par3hate samaya aMgrejI kI jAna banayana kRta 'pilagrimsa progresa' kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| jisameM rUpaka kI rIti se dharmavRddhi aura isameM Ane vAlI vighnabAdhAoM kI kathA kahI gaI hai / " AThavIM zatAbdI ke antima pAda ke 'ailAcArya' bhI prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke vidvAn va siddhAntazAstroM ke vizeSa jJAtA the| citrakUTapura inakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| AcArya vIrasena ke ye guru the| 3 10vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne samayasAra pravacanasAra evaM paMcAstikAya para saMskRta TIkA grantha likhe puruSArthasiddha pAya satvArthasAra evaM samayasArakalaza inakI lokapriya racanAe~ haiN| paM0 nAthUrAma premI evaM DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke anusAra ye bayAnA ke pAsa sthita brAMbhapaNADa - brahmavAda meM Aye / rAjasthAna ko paryApta samaya taka alaMkRta kiyaa| rAjasthAna ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM inakI aneka racanAe~ milatI haiN| 7 bAgar3ha pradeza meM 10vIM zatAbdI meM tatvAnuzAsana ke racayitA AcArya rAmasena ne apane preya meM adhyAtma jaise nIrasa, kaThora evaM durbodha viSaya ko sarala evaM subodha banAyA / isI zatAbdI meM AcArya mahAsena ne 14 sarga meM pradyumnacarita ko saMskRta meM nibaddha kiyaa| unakA sambandha lADa bAgar3ha se thaa| cittaur3anivAsI kavi ne saMskRta meM hI paMca saMgraha kI racanA kI, jo prAkRta paMca saMgraha kI gAthAoM kA anuvAda hai / inakA samaya sa0 1055 hai / 11-12vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle AcArya hemacandra saMskRta ke udbhaTa vidvAn the / inake granthoM kA rAjasthAna meM kAphI pracAra rhaa| donoM hI sampradAyoM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM inake graMtha samAna rUpa se milate haiM / saMskRta vAG maya ke kSetra meM AcArya hemacandra kA vismayakArI yogadAna hai| pramANamImAMsA unakI jananyAya kI anUThI racanA hai| ziSTizalAkA puruSacarita prasiddha mahAkAvya hai / siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana lokapriya vyAkaraNagraMtha hai / saM0 1292 meM mAMDalagar3ha nivAsI AzAdhara ne saMskRta meM nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaMkAra, zabdakoza, dharmazAstra aura vaidyaka Adi viSayoM para aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| jainetara graMthoM para bhI unhoMne TIkAe~ likhiiN| ArAdhanAsAraTIkA, pramevaratnAkara bharatezvarAbhyudaya, jJAnadIpikA, gajamatI vipralambha, adhyAtma-rahatya, amarakoza evaM kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA, jinasahasranAma, sAgAra evaM anAgAra dharmAmRta Adi graMthoM ke praNetA AzAdhara saMskRta bhASA ke dhurandhara vidvAn the, jina para jaina samAja ko garva hai| 5 13vIM zatAbdI meM vAgbhaTTa ne mevAr3a meM chando'nuzAsana evaM kAvyAnuzAsana kI racanA kii| isI zatI meM somaprabhAcArya ne sUktimuktAvalI kI racanA kI / yaha kRti subhASita sUkta hone ke sAtha-sAtha prAMjala bhASA, prasAdaguNa sampanna padAvalI aura kalAtmaka kRti hai somaprabhAcArya kI zrRMgAravairAgyataraMgiNI bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / / ajamera kI gAdI ke bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ne 13vIM zatI meM rAjasthAna ke kaI jaina mandiroM meM mUrtiyoM kI 1. ma0 vinayasAgara mahopAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra, pR0 60 2. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 174 : 3. DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra, pR0 65 4. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 5. rASTrIya saMskRta zikSA sammelana, smArikA 1970, pR0 67 6. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, pR0 67 7. saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna DA0 kAsalIvAla 8. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa nAthUrAma premI 6. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, pR0 60 .
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________________ rAjasthAna kA jaina saMskRta sAhitya pratiSThApanA ke sAtha-sAtha pUjyapAda ke samAdhitantra aura AcArya guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsana para lokapriya saMskRta TIkAe~ likhiiN| inhIM ke ziSya bhaTTAraka padmanandi (saM0 1385) saMskRta ke udbhaTa vidvAn the| ina para sarasvatI kI asIma kRpA thii| eka bAra unhoMne pASANa kI sarasvatI kI mUrti ko mukha se bulA diyA thA / ' rAjasthAna meM cittaur3a, mevAr3a, bUMdI, wat, ToMka, jhAlAvAr3a ke sAtha gujarAta inakI sAhitya-sAdhanA evaM dharma pracAra ke kendra rhe| bhaTTAraka dvAdazavratodyApana sakalakIrti ne inhIM se naiNavA~ meM zikSA-dIkSA prApta kii| inakI pramukha kRtiyoM meM zrAvakAcAra, pArzvanAthastotra, devazAstragurupUjA haiM / 2 vi0 kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM janaprasUri ne iyAya begika kAvya likhA, jisameM vyAkaraNa kI vRtti evaM zreNika kA jIvana caritra donoM sAtha calate haiM / muhammada tugalaka ke pratibodhaka evaM dharmaguru jinaprabhasUri ne vi0 saM0 1386 meM vividhatIrthaMkalpa nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa kiyA / tIrthayAtrA meM jo dekhA, usakA sajIva varNana huA hai| isameM bhakti, itihAsa aura carita tInoM eka sAtha milate haiN|" 445 15vIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM bAgar3a prAnta meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / sakalakIrti saMskRta ke udbhaTa vidvAn the / unhoMne purANa, nyAya, kAvya, Adi para 28 se bhI adhika grantha likhe / mUlAcArapradIpa, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, zAntinAthacaritra yazodharanariNa, sukumAlacaritra, sudarzanacaritra, pArzvanAthacaritra, vratakathAkoSa, subhASitAvalI, jambUsvAmI caritra, siddhAntasAradIpaka Adi pramukha grantha haiM / rAjasthAna meM jaina saMskRta sAhitya kI saMracanA meM brahmajinadAsa kA yogadAna bhI kama nahIM hai| gujarAta ke aNahilapurapaTTaNa meM janma lene ke bAda mevAr3a meM bAgar3a prAnta meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke sAnnidhya meM saM0 1480 se 1520 taka sAhityArAdhana meM rata rahane vAle yA jinadAsa ne hindI ke sAtha saMskRta bhASA meM bhI kAvya racanA kI, jinameM padmapurANa, jambUsvAmIcaritra harivaMzapurANa mukhya hai| bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kI tatvajJAnataraMgiNI (racanA kAla saM0 2560) Atmasambodhana kAvya hai| ye sAgavAr3A bhaTTAraka the 1 gAdI ke pabhASA cakravartI zubhacandra (saM0 2573) vividha vidyAdhara (zabdAgama, muktvAgama evaM paramAgama) ke jJAtA the|" inakI 24 saMskRta racanAoM meM candraprabhacaritra, karakaNDucaritra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, jIvandharacaritra, pANDavapurANa, zreNikacaritra vizeSa prasiddha haiN| AcArya somakIti ne 15vIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta meM saptabyasanakathA pramnacaritra evaM yazodharacaritra racanAe~ likhiiN| isI zatAbdI meM jinadattasUri ne jaisalamera meM jJAnabhaNDAra kI sthApanA kI / ve saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the| saM0 1544 meM kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya ne uttarAdhyayana para saMskRta TIkA likhI / brahma kAmarAja ne saM0 1560 meM jayapurANa likhA / 1 saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla pR0 103 2 bhaTTAraka sampradAya zrI vI0 pI0 joharApurakara : 3 rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, pR0 56 / 4 rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 6 5 brahmajinadAsa vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DA0 premacandra vikA : 6 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, pR0 94 7 muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha, pR0 767 .
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________________ 446 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa ...... ... 16vIM zatAbdI meM brahma rAvamalla ne bhaktAmarastotra kI vRtti likhii| 17vIM zatAbdI ke sarvatomukhI aura sarvazreSTha vidvAn mahopAdhyAya samayasundara ne saM0 1646 meM kAzmIra vijaya ke samaya samrATa akabara ke sammukha 'rAjAno dadate saukhyam' ina ATha akSaroM ke ATha lAkha artha kara aSTalakSI grantha rcaa| saM0 1656 meM virATanagara meM bhaTTAraka somasena ne padmapurANa kI racanA kii| 17vIM zatAbdI meM santa harSakIti sUri ne Ayurveda kA prasiddha grantha yogacintAmaNi likhaa| 18vIM zatAbdI meM upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne saptanidhAna kAvya kA nirmANa kiyA, jisameM RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM tathA rAma aura kRSNa ke caritra nibaddha hue| saM0 1705 meM bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa kA pUjAsAhitya, bhaTTAraka dharmacanda (saM0 1726) kA gautamasvAmIcarita, paNDita jinadAsa kA holI reNukAcaritra, virATanagara ke paM0 rAjamalla kA jambUsvAmInaritra, vAdirAja kA vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra, bhaTTAraka devendrakIti kI samayasAra TIkA, bhaTTAraka surendrakIti kI aSTAhnikA kathA, pratApa kAvya / AcArya jJAnasAgara ke vIrodaya, japodaya evaM dayodaya mahAkAvya, paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha ke jainadarzanasAra, sarvArthasiddhisAra; paM0 mUlacanda zAstrI kA vacanadUtam, muni cauthamalajI kA bhikSu zabdAnuzAsana, AcAryazrI tulasI kA jainasiddhAntadIpikA, mano'nuzAsanam, munizrI nathamalajI kI sambodhi, candanamuni kA abhiniSkramaNam, prabhavaprabodhakAvyam, Adi saMskRta kAvya rAjasthAna ke haiM / samprati AcArya vidyAsAgara saMskRta ke yuvA AcArya haiN| inakA zramaNasUktam jainagItAkAvya hai| isa prakAra rAjasthAna meM saMskRta kI saritA nirantara pravahamAna rahI jahA~ jaina muniyoM, AcAryoM, vidvAnoM ne saMskRta sAhitya ke saMvarddhana meM yoga diyA / vaha paramparA Aja bhI gatizIla hai|