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________________ pudgala dravya : eka paryavekSaNa upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma. ke ziSya zrI rameza muni zAstrI satya eka hai, akhaNDa hai aura ananta hai / para usa eka mAtra satya kA nirupaNa karane vAle "darzana" aneka haiN| isaliye, una saba kA pratipAdana, bhinna-bhinna hai, satya ke sampUrNa svarUpa kA yathArtha rUpa se saMkathana karane vAlA darzana, usI ko mAnA jA sakatA hai ki, jisa dArzanika ne apane atIndriya anubhavoM kA navanIta apane nirUpaNa evaM vivecana meM bharA ho| kyoMki atitIvra tapazcaryA, gahana AtmAnubhUti jaba apane carama utkarSa para pahuMcatI hai| taba usa sAdhaka kI AtmA, virAT vizva yathArtha-svarUpa para par3e AvaraNa ko bheda kara, usake aNu-aNu para apanA parama divya prakAza arthAt jJAna vikhera detI hai / jisa kI sarvathA nirmala jyoti meM use kaNa-kaNa kI vAstavikatA dikhalAI par3atI hai| isa prakhara jyoti kA dhAraka vaha AtmA, taba sarvadarzI, sarvajJAnI bana jAtA hai| isa divya dRSTi arthAt jyoti ke prakAra meM padArtha ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jo "darzana" hotA hai, "darzana" zabda kA vahI zAbdika artha " dekhanA " svIkAra karane yogya hai| aura isa dekhane ke bAda, draSTA dvArA padArtha svarUpa kA jo vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| usase padArthoM kA jo svarUpa nirdhAriNa hotA hai| vaha yathArtha pUrNa hai| darzana - jagat meM jaina darzana kA zirasi zekharAyamANa sthAna hai| usa kI vicAra dhArA adhyAtma pradhAna hai, sarvAMgapUrNa haiM, suvyavasthita hai aura vaijJAnika hai, usa kI cintana jyoti aisI apratihata hai ki kAla kI saMkIrNa dIvAreM usa kI gati ko avaruddha nahIM kara sktii| usa jyotirmayI divya dRSTi se udbhUta darzana hI vastu svarUpa kI yathArthatA kA nidarzaka hotA hai| trikAla abAdhita hai, ananya hai, aparAjeya hai aura vilakSaNa haiN| * jaina darzana ne " dravya" ke viSaya meM gahana cintana evaM savistRta vivecana kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM jo cintana aura vivecana kI apanI anupama AbhA hai, dIpti hai, jyoti hai, usa akSaya evaM alaukika jyoti se AtmA bhI zubhrajJAna se jyotita ho uThatA hai, prakAzamAna ho uThatA hai, ajJAna kA saghana - timira tirohita ho jAtA hai| prastuta darzana ne "dravya" kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai| una ke nAma nimnalikhita haiN| 1 1. ka- bhagavatI sUtra, za. 25, udde. 5, sUtra- 747 ! kha- anuyogadvAra sUtra - dravyaM guNa paryAyanAma, sUtra - 124 ga- uttarAdhyayana sUtra- adhya. 28 gA. 7! (34)
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________________ 1- dharmAstikAya! 4- jIvAstikAya! 2- adharmAstikAya! 5- pudgalAstikAya! 3- AkAzAstikAya! 6- kAla! ina dravyoM kA lakSaNa eka-dUsare se sarvathA bhinna hai| dravya vaha hai, jo nizcita rUpa se sat hai| sat aura dravya ina donoM kA tAdAtmya sambandha hai| jo kucha hai, vaha sat hai| jo sat nahIM hai, usa kA astitva bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jo asat hai| vaha bhI to asat rUpa se sat hai| saMkSepa meM asat hI sat ho sakatA hai| kyoMki asat sat kA niSedha hai| sarvathA asat kI parikalpanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jo kalpanA tIta hai| usa kA asat rUpa se paribodha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| guNa aura paryAya meM bheda-vivakSA kara ke dravya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai -jo guNa paryAyavAn hai, vaha dravya hai| jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya se yukta hai, vaha sat hai, jo sat hai vaha dravya hai| jisa meM pUrva paryAya kA vinAza ' ho, aura uttara paryAya kA utpAda ho, vaha dravya hai| jo kisI dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, ve guNa haiM tathA svayaM nirguNa hoM, ve guNa haiN| arthAt jisameM dUsare guNoM kA sadbhAva na hoM, vAstava meM guNa dravya meM rahate haiN| jo dravya aura guNa ina donoM ke Azrita rahatA hai| vaha paryAya hai| jo utpanna hotA hai, vinaSTa hotA hai tathA samagra dravya ko vyApta karatA hai| vaha paryAya hai| jo samasta guNoM aura dravyoM meM parivyApta hote haiN| ve paryaka yA paryAya kahalAte haiN| dravya kA jo sahabhAvI hai, vaha guNa hai, aura jo krama bhAvI dharma hai, vaha paryAya hai| 5 dravya kI paribhASA meM, utpAda aura vyaya ke liye "paryAya" zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura dhauvya ke liye "guNa" zabda prayukta hai| dravya meM guNa kI sattA dravya kI nityatA kA pratIka hai aura paryAya dravya kI parivartana zIlatA ko sUcita karatA hai| dravya kI utpAda aura vyaya kI prakriyA sarvathA naisArgika hai| / ukta SaT dravyoM meM jIvAstikAya jIva hai aura pA~ca dravya ajIva hai| yaha vargIkaraNa jIva aura ajIva ke AdhAra para huA hai| rUpI aura arUpI ko saMlakSya meM rakha kara jo vargIkRta rUpa haiM, vaha yaha hai -jina meM, varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ye cAroM pAye jAte haiM ve rUpI haiM aura ve saDana-galana, vidhvaMsana svabhAva se samanvita haiM, isa ke viparIta ina lakSaNoM se vihIna dravya ke jo pA~ca bheda haiM, inameM pudgalAstikAya nAmaka dravya rUpI haiM, rUpI ko "mUrta" bhI kahA jAtA hai| ka- tacvArtha sUtra- a-5 sU- 29 kha- vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-gAthA- 28! ka- uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 28 gA.6 kha- tattavArtha sUtra- a-5 sU-4! ka- nayapradIpa patra-99! kha- bRhad vRtti- patra- 557! ga- nyAyAloka tattvaprabhA vRtti- patra 203! ka- paMcAstikAya- vRtti- 16/35/12! kha- zloka vArtika- 4/1/33/60! (35)
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________________ "pudgala" zabda eka pAribhASika zabda hai| lekina rUr3ha nahIM hai / isa kI vyutpanti kaI prakAra se kI jAtI hai| pudgala zabda meM do avayava haiM / pud aura gala! pud kA artha hai - purA honA, yA milanA ! aura gala kA artha hai -galanA yA miTanA ! jo dravya pratipala-pratikSaNa milatA rahe, galatA rahe, banatA rahe, bigar3atA rahe, TUTatA rahe, jur3atA rahe, vaha " pudgala" hai| pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai, jo khaNDita bhI hotA hai / aura punaH paraspara sambaddha bhI hai| yahI pudgalAstikAya nAmaka dravya kA svabhAva hai, pudgala dravya kA vyutpatti-janya artha pUrNataH yathArtha hai / 6 7 8 virAT - vizva meM pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai, jisa ko chuA jA sakatA hai, cakhA jA sakatA hai, sUMghA jA sakatA hai aura dekhA jA sakatA hai| ataH ati spaSTa hai ki jisa meM varNa, gandha, rasa evaM sparza ye cAroM anivAryataH pAye jAte haiN| vaha pudgala kahalAtA hai / isI dRSTi se "pudgala" dravya ko rUpI kahA jAtA hai / vaise rUpI kA artha hotA hai -mUrta! mUrta vaha hai - jo carma cakSuoM se dRzyamAna ho / mUrta kA ukta artha, saMgata nahIM haiM, yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki pudgala paramANu itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki carma cakSuoM se dRSTi gocara ho hI nahIM sktaa| sUkSya pudgala paramANu to bahuta dUra, ananta ananta sUkSma paramANuoM ke bhela se banA vyavahAra paramANu bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| 9 pudgala kA atisUkSya rUpa " paramANu " hai| pudgala kI paribhASA se suspaSTa hai ki yaha dravya rUpI hai, mUrtimAn hai / isa kA svabhAva hI haiM -sar3anA aura galanA ! yaha dravya apane svabhAva se eka kSaNa bhI viyukta nahIM ho sakatA / aura isa kI yahI pahicAna hai, aura yaha apane svabhAva meM hI pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| jaisA ki ukta paribhASA se ati spaSTa hai ki pudgala ke mUlataH cAra guNa hote haiN| sparza, rasa, gandha aura sparza, ina cAroM ke bhI bIsa bheda hote haiM, yaha vargIkaraNa atyanta sthUla rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| vAstava ye guNa apane vibhinna rUpoM meM gaNanAtIta hai, agaNita haiN| ve samasta guNa vastutaH AdimAna pariNAma haiN| 1 - sparza ke ATha bheda haiM, una ko nAma isa prakAra haiN| 1 - snigdha ! zIta! 2 rukSa ! uSNa ! laghu ! 3 - mRdu ! 4 - kaThora ! 8 - guru ! 6. 7 - 8 9 - 5 6 7 ka- bhagavatI sUtra- za. 10 uddha - 10 ! kha- tattvArtha sUtra - a. 5 s 4! anuyoga dvAra sUtra- sUtra - 330 - 346 ! - 24 ! AcArya alaMkadeva ka- tattvArtha rAjakArtika, a.5 sU. 1 vAM kha - harivaMza purANa sarga 7 zloka - 36 ! AcArya jinasene ga - tatvArtha bhASTa TIkA - a. 5 sU. 1 gaNI siddhasena - gha - nyAyakoSa pR. 502 ! ka - bhagavatI sUtra - za. 12, udde. 5 sUtra - 450 kha - tatvArtha sUtra a. 5. sU. 23 (36)
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________________ 2 - rasa ke pAMca prakAra haiM, ve ye haiN| 1 - madhura! 3 - kaTu! 2 - amla! 4 - tikta! 5 - kaSAyalA! 3 - gandha ke do prakAra haiN| 1 - surabhi gandha! 2 - durabhi gandha! 4 - varNa ke pA~ca bheda isa prakAra haiN| 1 - kRSNa! 3- pIta! 2 - rakta! 4 - zveta! 5 - nIla! "pudgala" dravya kI pramukha vizeSatA usa ke sparza Adi cAra guNa hI haiM, ye cAroM usa ke asAdhAraNa bhAva haiM! arthAta usa ke atirikta kisI anya dravya meM saMbhava nahIM hai| aisI vizeSatAe~ makhya rUpa se chaha kahI jA sakatI haiN| pudgala dravya kA jo svarUpa hai, unakA vizleSaNa karanA hI ina vizeSatAoM kA eka mAtra uddezya rahA hai| pudgaladravya kI paribhASA hama pahale prastuta kara cuke haiN| aura usakI kasauTI para pudgala dravya kharA utaratA hai| ise spaSTataH samajhAne ke liye hama eka udAharaNa deNge| suvarNa pudgala hai| kisI rAjA ke eka putra hai| aura eka putrI hai| rAjA ke pAsa eka suvarNa kA ghar3A hai| putrI usa ghaTa ko cAhatI hai| aura putra use tor3a kara usa kA mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA putra kI haTha pUrI kara detA hai| putrI ruSTa ho jAtI hai| aura putra prasanna ho jAtA hai| lekina rAjA kI dRSTi kevala suvarNa para hai| jo ghaTa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thA aura mukuTa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai, ataeva use na harSa hai, na viSAda hai| usa ke mana meM mAdhyasthya bhAva hai| 1deg eka udAharaNa aura liijiye| lakar3I eka dravya hai aura vaha pudgala dravya hai| vaha jala kara kSAra ho jAtI hai usa se lakar3I rUpa paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai aura kSAra rUpa paryAya kA utpAda hai| kintu donoM meM padArtha kA astitva acala rahatA hai. usake AMgAratva kA vinAza nahIM hotA 11 hai| ukta donoM udAharaNoM meM padArtha kA astitva akSaNNa rahatA hai. ve dravya ke dhrauvya ke pratIka haiN| saMjJAntara yA bhAvAntara ko paryAya kahate 12 haiN| paryAya kA svarUpa hI cUMki yaha hai ki vaha pratisamaya badalatI rahatI hai| naSTa bhI hotI hai aura utpanna bhI hotI hai| ataeva utpAda aura vinAza ina donoM kI pratIka hai, dravya kI isa paribhASA kI dRSTi se, donoM udAharaNoM ke dvArA pudgalAstikAya kI dravyatA siddha hotI hai| 10. Apta bhImAMsA zloka-59 AcArya samantabhadra! 11- mImAMsAzloka vArtika, zloka- 21-26! kumArila bhaTTa! 12- tattvArtha bhASya TIkA a.5 s. 37 AcArya siddhasena! (37)
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________________ 13 dravya ke bhAva arthAt eka tatva ko pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| pariNAma kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki apane svarUpa kA parityAga na karate hue eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA ko prApta honA ! niSkarSa yaha hai ki dravya pariNAmI hotA hai| vaha pariNAmana karatA hai| isI ko dUsare zabdoM meM yo bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaise dravya meM uttara paryAya kA utpAda aura pUrva paryAya kA vinAza hotA rahatA hai, kintu dravya phira bhI apane svarUpa meM rahatA hai| usa kA svarUpa kA na vinAza hotA hai aura na hI usa meM parivartana hotA hai / usa kA sthiratva jyoM kA tyoM vidyamAna hai| trikAla vyApI hai| ati spaSTa hai ki dravya kA bhAva arthAt pariNamana 'pariNAma' hai| sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa meM sadA se hone vAlA aura sadA hotA rahane vAlA pariNAma hai| yaha pariNAma jisa ko naSTa na ho, vaha vastu nitya hai| 14 aura usa kI maulikatA hai| pudgalAstikAya dravya kI maulikatA sparza, rasa, gandha, aura varNa meM hai| ye cAra pudgala dravya se eka samaya ke liye bhI vilaga nahIM hote haiN| ataeva vaha nitya hai, zAzvata hai| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki yaha maulikatA rUpAntarita ho jAtI hai| aparipakva Amra harA hai, khaTTA hai, aura vahI paka kara pIlA hotA hai| lekina vaha varNahIna evaM rasahIna nahIM ho sakatA hai| suvarNa kI cUr3I ko pighalA kara hAra banAyA jAtA hai| lekina suvarNa phira bhI jyoM kA tyoM rahegA hai, sarvathArUpeNa nitya rhegaa| jo saMkhyA meM nyUnAdhika na ho, anAdi bhI ho, ananta bhI ho aura jo na svayaM ko anya dravya ko rUpa meM parivartana kare, vaha vastu athavA dravya avasthita kahalAtI hai| anAdi atIta kAla meM jitane pudgala paramANu the| vartamAna meM utane hI hai / aura ananta bhaviSya meM bhI utane hI rheNge| pudgala dravya kI apanI jo maulikatA hai| vaha yathAvat rhegii| ukta dravya kI apanI maulikatA kisI anya dravya meM kadApi parivartita nahIM hotI aura nahIM kisI anya dravya kI maulikatA pudgala nAmaka dravya meM parivartita hotI hai / yaha kathana zata-pratizata yathArthatA liye hue hai / pudgala dravya kI eka advitIya vizeSatA hai usa kA rUpa 15 / yahA~ rUpa zabda kA artha hai zarIra arthAt prakRti! jisameM sparza, rasa aura gandha varNa svayaM siddha 16 hai / pudgala kA choTA yA bar3A, dRzya yA adRzya koI bhI rUpa ho, usa meM sparza, rasa Adi cAroM guNa avazyabhAvI hai / 17 aisA nahIM hai ki kisI padArtha meM kevala rUpa yA gandha Adi pRthak-pRthak hoM, jahA~ sparza Adi meM se koI eka bhI guNa hogA, vahA~ anya guNa pragaTa yA apragaTa rUpa meM avazya rUpa se vidyamAna hoNge| pudgala sakriya hai, zaktimAna hai| pudgala dravya meM kriyA hotI hai| isI kriyA ko parispandana kahate haiM / yaha parispandana aneka prakAra kA hotA hai / 18 pudgala meM yaha parispandana svataH bhI hotA hai aura dUsare pudgala yA jIva dravya kI preraNA se bhI hotA rahatA hai| paramANu kI gati kriyA kI eka vizeSatA hai ki vaha 13 14 ka- tattvArtha sUtra a. 5 sUtra 41 ! kha- prajJApanA pariNAma pada 13, sUtra 181 ka- bhagavatI sUtra, zata- 14 uddhe 4 sU. 512 kha- tattvArtha sUtra, a. 5 sU. 30 ! 15 uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 28 gAthA - 12 ! 16- sarvArthasiddhi- a. 5 sU. 5 AcArya pUjyapAda 17 bhagavatI sUtra- za. 7! udve 10 ! 18 bhagavatI sUtra, zataka- 3 udvezA- 3 TIkA AcArya abhaya dena ! (38)
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________________ apratighAtI hotI hai| vaha vajra aura parvata ke isa pAra se usa pAra bhI nikala jA sakatA hai| para kabhI kabhI eka paramANu dUsare paramANu se TakarA bhI sakatA hai| pudgala meM, ananta zakti bhI hotI hai| eka paramANu yadi tIvra gati se gamana kare to kAla ke saba se choTe aMza arthAt eka samaya meM vahaloka ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka jA sakatA hai| pudgala dravya loka meM avasthita hai, loka se bAhara nahIM hai| loka ke pradeza, asaMkhyAta hI hote haiN| jabaki pudgala dravya hI kevala ananta ananta pradezAtmaka hai| aba vicAraNIya prazna uThatA hai ki ananta-ananta pudgala asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle loka meM kaise sthita haiN| jaba ki eka pradeza, AkAza kA vaha aMza hai, jisa se choTA koI aMza saMbhava hI na ho? ukta prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa paramANu aura skandha sabhI sUkSmarUpa pariNata ho jAte haiN| aura isa prakAra eka hI AkAza-pradeza meM ananta-ananta pudgala raha jAte haiN| ukta viSaya ko spaSTatayA samajhAne ke liye eka bhAvapUrNa udAharaNa hai- eka kakSa meM eka pradIpa kA prakAza paryApta rUpa se vyApta hai| usa meM eka zataka dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI sahaja rUpeNa samA sakatA hai| athavA eka dIpaka kA prakAza, jo kisI bar3e kakSa meM phailA rahatA hai, kisI choTe se bhAjana se DhaMka jAne para, usI meM samA jAtA hai| ukta kathana se ati spaSTa hai ki pudgala ke prakAza-paramANuoM meM sUkSma pariNamana zakti vidyamAna hai| usI prakAra pudgala ke pratyeka paramANu kI sthiti hai| paramANu kI bhAMti skandhoM meM bhI sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana zakti hotI hai| avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa paramANu yA skandha jitane sthAna meM sthiti hotA hai, utane hI, usI sthAna meM anya paramAmu aura skandha bhI raha sakate haiN| sUkSma pariNamana kI kriyA kA artha hI yaha huA ki paramANu meM saMkoca ho sakatA hai, usa kA ghana phala, nyUna bhI ho sakatA hai| pudgala dravya kA jIva dravya ke sAtha saMyoga bhI hotA hai| yaha saMyoga do prakAra kA hai -prathama anAdi hai aura dvitIya sAdi hai| sampUrNa jIva dravyoM kA saMyoga pudgala-paramANuoM ke sAtha anAdi kAla se hai| yA thaa| isa anAdi saMyoga se mukta bhI huA jA sakatA hai| mukta jIva ko yaha saMyoga phira se kadApi nahIM hotA, lekina mukta yA baddha jIva ko yaha pratikSaNa hotA hai, va miTatA rahatA hai| isI hone-miTane vAle saMyoga ko sAdi kahA jAtA hai| yaha saMyoga kyoM hotA hai? isa prazna ke do uttara haiM -jahA~ taka anAdi saMyoga kA prazna hai| usa kA koI uttara nhiiN| jaba se jIva kA astitva hai, tabhI se usa ke sAtha pudgala paramANuoM kA saMyoga bhI hai| jisa suvarNa ko abhI khAna se nikAlA hI na gayA ho, usa ke sAtha dhAtu, miTTI Adi kA saMyoga kaba se hai| isa kA koI uttara nhiiN| jaba se sonA hai, tabhI se usa ke sAtha dhAtu, miTTI Adi kA saMyoga bhI hai| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki sone ko usa dhAtu, miTTI Adi se mukta kiyA jA sakatA hai| usI taraha jIva dravya bhI svayaM ke puruSArtha se apane ko kArmaNa vargaNA se mukta kara sakatA hai| idhara, jahA~ taka sAdi saMyoga kA prazna hai, isa kA uttara diyA jA sakatA hai| anAdi saMyoga ke vazIbhUta hokara jIva nAnA prakAra kA vikRta pariNamana karatA hai| aura isa pariNamana ko nimitta ke rUpa meM pudgala paramANu apane Apa hI kArmaNa-vargaNA ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara tatkAla jIva se saMyukta ho jAte haiN| saMyoga ke banane-miTane kI yaha prakriyA taba taka calatI rahatI hai, gatizIla hai, jaba taka jIva dravya svayameva apane vikRta pariNamana se mukta nahIM ho jAtA hai| usase chuTakArA nahIM pA letA hai| 19 - ka- rAjapraznIya sUtra. sUtra-74! / kha- tattvArtha sUtra- a.5 sU.16! (39)
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________________ jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya ke saMyoga kI isa prakriyA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha saMyukta hokara bhI pRthaka-pRthaka hotI hai| jIva kI prakriyA jIva meM aura pudgala kI prakriyA pudgala meM hI hotI hai| eka hI prakriyA dUsare meM kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| aura isa prakAra eka kI prakriyA dUsare ke dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai| jIva kI prakriyA jIva ke dvArA hI, aura pudgala kI prakriyA pudgala ke hI dvArA sampanna hotI hai| lekina ina donoM prakriyAoM meM se aisI kucha samatA, eka rUpatA rahatI hai ki jIva dravya kabhI pudgala kI prakriyA ko apanI ora kabhI apanI prakriyA ko pudgala dravya kI mAna baiThatA hai| jIva kI yahI bhrAnta mAnyatA mithyAtva hai, ajJAna rUpa hai| 20 jIva aura pudgala kI isa saMyoga prakriyA ke phalasvarUpa hI jIva aura ajIva, pudgala Adi ke atirikta zeSa tatvoM kI sRSTi hotI hai| kula milAkara nava tatva isa prakAra haiM / 21 1 jIva tatva ! 2 ajIva tatva ! puNya tatva ! 4 - pApa tatva ! 3 22 23 - 24 25 26 27 - 5 6 7 8 - - - 22 23 24 ukta tatvoM meM pA~cavAM tatva " Azrava" hai| jIva se pudgala dravya ke saMyoga kA mUlabhUta kAraNa hai, jIva kI manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA hone vAlI vikRta pariNati aura isI vikRta pariNati kA nAma "Azrava" tatva hai| jo pariNati arthAt bhAva rAgAdi se sahita hai, vaha bandha karAne vAlA hai| aura jo bhAva rAgAdi se rahita hai| vaha bandha karane vAlA nahIM hai| jIva ke sAtha karma pudgala paramANuoM kA bandha jAnA bandha hai / athavA karma pradezoM kA AtmA pradezoM meM eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA bandha hai| jIva prakRti bandha aura pradeza bandha ko yoga se tathA sthiti bandha aura anubhAga bandha ko kaSAya se karatA hai / saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to kaSAya hI "karmabandha" kA mukhyaM hetu hai| kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiM -krodha, puruSArtha siddhayupAya, zloka naM. 12 ! AcArya amRta candra 25 26 27 20 21 9 mokSa tatva ! ka- sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna- 9 sUtra. 665 ! kha- uttarAdhyayana sUtra- a- 28 sUtra. 14 ! bhagavatI sUtra- za. 16 u. 1 sUtra. 564 ! ka- samavAyAMga sUtra - samavAya-5 kha- sarvArtha siddhi 6/2 ! ga- sUtra kRtAMga kRtti- 2/5-17 AcArya zIlAMga ! gha- adhyAtma sAra - 18 / 131 ! samaya sAra- 167 ! rAjavArtiki 1, 4, 17! paMcama karma grantha gAthA- 96! ka- sthAnAMga sUtra- sthAna 2 ! udde. - 2 kha- prajJApanA pada 26 sUtra- 5 Azrava tatva ! bandha tatva ! saMvara tatva ! nirjarA tatva ! -
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________________ mAna, mAyA aura lobh| 28 saMkSepa meM kaSAya ke do bheda haiM -rAga aura dveSa! ukta donoM bhedoM ko hI bhAvakarma mAnA 29 hai| rAgAtmaka bhAva evaM dveSAtmaka bhAva svarUpa, jisa se jJAnAvaraNAdi karma bandhate haiM, vaha pariNAma bhAva bandha hai aura AtmA aura karma ke pradezoM kA paraspara vastutaH mila jAnA dravya bandha hai| 20 Azrava aura bandha ina donoM meM kAraNa kArya kA sambandha hai| Azrava karma bandha ke liye bhUmikA kA nirmANa karatA hai| bandha Azrava para nirbhara hai| prathama kSaNa meM karma skandhoM kA jo Agamana hai, vaha to Azrava hai| aura karma skandhoM ke Agamana ke bAda, dvitIya kSaNa meM una karma skandhoM kA jIva pradeza meM sthita ho jAnA bandha hai| isa bheda se Azrava aura bandha ina donoM kI sthiti, vastutaH spaSTa ho jAtI hai| bandha tatva ke antargata yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki pudgala paramANu arthAt kArmaNa vargaNAe~ jIva dravya meM praviSTa ho jAte haiN| antarlIna ho jAte haiN| jIva dravya ke sAtha kArmaNavargaNAe~ apanA eka kSetrAvagAhI sambandha sthApita kara letI hai| arthAt AkAza ke jisa aura jitane pradezoM meM jIva sthita hotA hai| apanI sakSma pariNamana zakti ke bala para ThIka unhIM aura utane hI pradezoM meM usa se sambandhita kArmaNa-vargaNAe~ bhI avasthita ho jAyA karatI haiN| isa sthiti arthAt eka kSetrAvagAhI sambandha kA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahIM hai ki ve donoM eka dUsare meM parivartita ho jAte haiN| isa sambandha ke rahate hue bhI jIva, jIva hI rahatA hai aura pudgala pudgala hI rahatA hai| donoM dravya apane-apane maulika guNoM kA eka samaya ke liye bhI kiMcit mAtra bhI nahIM chor3ate haiN| .. jIva apane hI puruSArtha se nirantara saMyukta hotI rahane vAlI kArmaNa-vargaNAoM para roka lagA sakatA hai| aura yahI roka saMvaratatva kahalAtI hai| 31 saMvara kA kArya hai karmoM kA saMyamana krnaa| yaha Azrava kA virodhI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM saMvara karmoM ke Azrava ko roka letA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai 32 28- ka- sUtrakRtAMga sUtra- 6/26! kha- sthAnAMga sUtra- 4/1/251! ga- prajJApanA sUtra-23/1/280! ka- uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 32/7 kha- samaya sAra- e 4/e 6/10 e/177! ga- pravacana sAra- 1/84/88! ka- dravya saMgraha- 32! kha- pravacana sAra-83-84! ga- sarvArthasiddhi- 1, 4! ka- uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. rae gA. 11! kha- saptattattva prakaraNam 118 -112! ga- yogazAstra -76! ka- sthAnAMga sUtra, TIkA 2/14! kha- dravya saMgraha -2/34! ga- sarvarthasiddhi -9/1! gha- saptatattva prakaraNam -112 Ga- paMcAstikAya -2/42! amRtacandravRtti!
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________________ bhAva saMvara aura dravya saMvara! jo cetana kA pariNAma karma ke yoga aura Azrava ko rokane meM kAraNa hai| vaha bhAva saMvara hai| aura jo vastutaH karmoM kA avarodha karatA hai, vaha dravya saMvara hai / bhAva saMvara kAraNa hai aura dravya saMvara kArya hai| isI prakAra jIva apanI pUrvasaMyukta kArmaNa vargaNAoM ko kramazaH nirjINa yA dUra bhI kara sakatA hai| aura yahI nirjarA tatva hai " nirjarA" zabda "jU" dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| jisakA spaSTataH artha hotA hai - jIrNa honA, vinaSTa honaa| yaha zabda karmoM ke kramika vinAza ko iMgita karatA hai| ataeva eka deza rUpa se, AtmA se karmoM kA chUTanA "nirjarA" hai| vaha do prakAra kI hai - vipAkaja aura avipAkaja! jahA~ karma paka kara nirjIrNa hote haiM vaha vipAkaja nirjarA hai| aura tapa Adi se jaba karmoM kI nirjarA kI jAtI hai to vaha avipAkaja nirjarA hai| ise kramazaH dravya nirjarA aura bhAva nirjarA bhI kahate haiN| bIja phala ke rUpa meM vRddhiMgata hotA hai| yadi vaha svayaM paka jAtA hai| to vaha vipAka kahalAtA hai| parantu yadi usa ko apakva sthiti meM hI tor3a liyA jAye aura phira use kRtrima sAdhanoM ke dvArA pakAyA jAye to vaha avipAka nirjarA hai / AtmA se karma rUpI pudgaloM kA phala dekara naSTa ho jAnA " nirjarA" hai| nirjarA kA pramukha sAdhana "tapa" hai / vaha tapa bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| ina donoM ke chaha-chaha bheda haiM kula milAkara tapa ke bAraha prakAra hote haiN| Abhyantara tapa kI utkRSTatA kI tulanA meM, bAhya tapa kI sAdhanA kA bhI vizeSa mahatva hai| Abhyantara tapa kI jina urdhvagAmI tapasyA kA phala hameM mokSa rUpa meM milane kA jJAta hotA hai, usa utkrAnti kA sArA kA sArA bhAra bAhya tapa kI sarvathA saphala sAdhanA para nirbhara hai| yaha kathana pUrNataH yathArtha hai| 33 apanI kArmaNa-vargaNAoM se sadA ke liye pUrNa rUpeNa mukta ho jAnA jIva kA mokSa kahalAtA hai| 'mokSa' zabda "mokSa asane " dhAtu se bhAva artha meM dhaJ pratyaya hone para niSpanna hotA hai| jisa kA artha hotA hai - AtmA se bandhe hue samasta karmoM ko samUlataH pheMka denA! jina upAyoM se mokSa yAnI karmoM ke bandhanoM se chuTakArA milatA hai, una prayAsoM kI apekSA se karaNa kI pradhAnatA kI dhyAna meM rakhate hue "chuTakArA mAtra ko mokSa kahA gayA hai| jaba AtmA AThoM prakAra ke karmoM ke mala kalaMka se aura apane zarIra se, apanI AtmA ko alaga kara detA hai, taba usa ke jo acintanIya, phira bhI svAbhAvika jJAna Adi guNoM rUpa aura avyAbAdha sukha rUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa jo avasthA utpanna hotI hai| use mokSa kahate haiM / ina 34 33 34 ka- bhagavatI sUtra pU. 25 uddhe. 7 sU. 187, 217 ! kha- uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 30 gAthA -8, 301 ga- sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna 6, sUtra 551 ! gha- mUlAcAra-gAthA 346, 360 ! Da- pravacana sAroddhAra - 270-272 ! ca - aupapAtika sUtra - 30 ! cha- bhagavatI ArAdhanA 208 ja- cAritra sAra 133! jha- sarvArthasiddhi - 9 / 19 Ja - samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya - 6 abhayadeva vRtti ! kha- jJAnArNava 3 / 6-10 ! ka- paramAtma prakAza - 2/10 ! ga- niyama sAra, tAtparyAkhyAvRtti -4! gha- dravya saMgraha TIkA - 37! Da- sarvArthasiddhi 1/1 kI utthAnikA AcArya pUjyapAda ! (42)
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________________ paribhASAoM ke paryavalokana se yaha ati spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inameM mokSa ke jisa svarUpa para bala diyA gayA hai, vaha hai AtmA ke apane vizuddha aura maulika svarUpa kI prApti hai| ye paribhASAe~ vAstava meM AtmA ke svabhAvika avasthA kI vivecanA kA satra rUpa hai| isI sandarbha meM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki samyadarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ko saMyukta rUpa meM mokSa kA mArga batAyA hai| 25 ye tInoM mArga pRthak-pRthak nahIM hai, apitu samaveta rUpa meM kAryakArI hote haiN| yaha tInoM sammilita rUpa se athavA milakara mokSa mArga kiM vA mokSa prApti kA sAdhana banate haiN| vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna rakhane yogya bAta hai ki ina tInoM samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra meM se pRthak-pRthak koI bhI eka athavA do, mokSa kI prApti nahIM karA sakate haiM, tInoM kA sAhacarya nitAnta Avazyaka hai| pudgala kyA hai? hama yaha spaSTa rUpeNa jAna cuke haiM ki vaha eka dravya hai| usa ke paramANu-paramANu meM prati samaya utpAda-vyaya aura ghauvya kI akhaNDa prakriyA vartamAna hai| isa prakriyA kI dRSTi se, jitane bhI pudgala haiM, cAhe ve paramANu -ke rUpa meM ho, cAhe skandha ke rUpa meM ho, saba eka samAna hai| una meM bheda yA vargIkaraNa ko avakAza hI nahIM hai| ataeva hama spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM ki dravya dRSTi se pudgala kA kevala eka hI bheda hai, yA yoM kahiye ki vaha abheda hai| pudgala kA adhika sarala vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai -jisa se pudgala kA svarUpa ati spaSTa hotA hai| prathama vargIkaraNa "paramANu" hai| dvitIya vargIkRta rUpa "skandha" hai| 1 - paramANu pudgala kA vaha sUkSmatama aMza hai| paramANu ananta-ananta hai| kintu una meM pArthiva, jalIya, taijas aura vAyavIya jaisA koI bheda nahIM hai| ye to, jaisA sahakArI vAtAvaraNa pAte haiN| svayaM ko tattat rUpa meM badala dete haiN| yAnI jo paramANu eka bAra pArthiva rUpa meM badalA hai| vahI paramANu, dUsarI bAra jalIya, vAyavIya yA taijas rUpa meM bhI badala sakatA hai| isI dRSTi se eka paramANu meM varNa, gandha, sparza, aura rasa kI zaktiyA~ bhI eka sAtha samAhita rahatI hai| ye zaktiyA~, pratyeka paramANu meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai aura sAmagrI ke sahakArI ke anurUpa pariNAma ko prApta hotI hai| kyoMki rasa Adi guNoM ko "rUpa" ke sAtha avinAbhAvI mAnA gayA hai| 26 yAnI jisa paramANu meM rUpa hogA, usa meM rasa, varNa, aura sparza bhI nizcita rUpa se pAyA jaayegaa| paramANu ke saMghAta se utpanna hone vAle skandha Adi paramANu se kucha aMza meM bhinna hai aura kucha aMza meM abhinna hai| bhinna isaliye hote haiM ki yaha paramANuoM kA eka samUha hotA hai| ataeva pratyeka paramANu kA usa meM apanA pRthak astitva rahatA hai| paramANu vaha sUkSmatama aMza hai| jisa kA punaH aMza ho nahIM sktaa| paramANu kA kadApi vibhAjana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataeva vaha azeSaH, abhedya, agrAhya, ka- tatvArtha sUtra a. 1 sU. 1 vAcaka umAsvAti kha- samayasAra 4, 10! ga- sthAnAMga sUtra -3, 4, 194 gha- uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 28 gA. 1-3 Ga- Avazyaka niryakti gAthA -103! AcArya bhadrabAha! 36 sarvArtha siddhi -5/5!
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________________ 38 adAhya aura nirvibhAgI 37 hai| paramANu yadi avibhAjya na ho to use parama + aNu nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI sandarbha meM paramANu dvividhatA kA sahaja smaraNa ho AtA hai| paramANu ke do bheda ye haiM / 2 vyAvahArika paramANu ! 1 - sUkSma paramANu ! o kucha Upara kI paMktiyoM meM nirdiSTa haiN| vyavahAra ananta sUkSma paramANuoM ke samudaya se banatA 39 hai / vastuvRtyA vaha svayaM paramANupiNDa hai| phira bhI sAmAnya dRSTi se grAhya nahIM hotA aura usa ko astra-zastra se tor3A nahIM jA sktaa| usa kI pariNati sUkSma hotI hai| isaliye vyavahArataH use paramANu kahA gayA hai| sUkSma paramANu dravya rUpa se niravayava aura avibhAjya hote hue bhI paryAya kI dRSTi se vaisA nahIM 40 hai / ukta tathya vastutaH mahattvapUrNa hai| usa meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ye cAra guNoM, guNoM ke atirikta ananta paryAya hote 41 haiN| paryAya kI dRSTi se eka guNa vAlA paramANu ananta guNavAlA ho jAtA hai / ananta guNa vAlA paramANu eka guNa vAlA hai| eka paramANu varNa se, varNAntara, gandha se gandhAntara, rasa se rasAntara aura sparza se sparzAntara ho jAtA hai| eka guNa vAlA pudgala yadi usI rUpa meM rahe to jaghanyataH eka aura utkRSTataH asaMkhya kAla taka rahatA hai| dviguNa se lekara ananta guNa taka ke paramANu pudgala ke liye yaha niyama hai| bAda meM, una meM parivartana avazya hotA hai| yaha varNa viSayaka niyama gandha, rasa va sparza para bhI ghaTita hotA hai| 43 yaha kathana pUrNataH yathArtha hai ki paramANu indriya grAhya nahIM hotA / tathApi amUrta nahIM hai| vaha mUrta hai, rUpI hai| pAramArthika dRSTi se vaha dekhA jAtA hai| paramANu mUrta hote hue bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, isakA pramukha kAraNa usa kI sUkSmatA hai| kevala jJAna kA viSaya mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke padArtha haiN| isaliye kevalI to paramANu ko jAnate hI haiN| indriya pratyakSa vAlA vyakti paramANu ko nahIM jAna sakatA 44 / paramANu meM koI eka rasa, eka gandha, eka varNa aura do sparza arthAt snigdha athavA rukSa, zIta yA USNa hote haiM / aNu ke astitva kA parijJAna, usa se nirmita pudgala skandha rUpa kArya se hotA hai / paramANu itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki usa ke Adi, madhya aura anta kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| aNukA vargIkaraNa cAra prakAra se huA hai, ve cAra varga isa prakAra 45 46 47 haiN| 37. 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 ka- bhagavatI sUtra -5/7 ! kha- sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna -4! anupayoga dvAra sUtra, pramANAdhikAra sUtra - 340 ! anuyoga dvAra sUtra - pramANAdhikAra sUtra - 1342 ! prajJApanA sUtra pada -5 sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna -4! bhagavatI sUtra 7/7 ! nandI sUtra, sUtra - 22 ! bhagavatI sUtra - 18/8 tattvArtha rAja kArtika a. 2 sU. 25 AcArya akalaMkadeva ! tattvArtha rAjavArtika - a. 5 sU. 25 vAM -1 bhagavatI sUtra 20 / 5 / 12 ! (44)
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________________ 1 2 - kSetra paramANu kAla paramANu 4 - bhAva paramANu - guNa ! 3 - - dravya paramANu - pudgala paramANu ! AkAza pradeza ! samaya! - - ke 48 mUla bheda cAra haiN| aura solaha upabheda 49 hote haiN| paramANu - pudgala agaM, amadhya aura apradeza hote haiN| paramANu sakampa bhI hotA hai aura vaha akampa bhI hai| kadAcit vaha caMcala hotA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI hai| una meM na to nirantara kampa bhAva rahatA hai aura na nirantara akampa bhAva bhI hai| isI sandarbha meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki paramANu svayaM gatizIla hai| vaha eka kSaNa meM loka ke eka sire se dUsare sire taka jo asaMkhya yojana kI dUrI para hai| calA jAtA hai| gati - pariNAma usa kA svabhAva dharma hai| dharmAstikAya usa kA preraka nahIM hai, sahAyaka hai| gati kA upAdAna paramANu svayaM hai| dharmAstikAya to usa kA nimittamAtra hai| caturtha prakAra bhAva aNu yaha dRzyajagat - paudgalika jagat paramANu saMghaTita hai| paramANuoM se skandha banate haiN| aura skandhoM se sthUla padArtha nirmita hotA hai| pudgala meM saMghAtaka aura vighAtaka ye donoM zaktiyA~ vidyamAna haiM / pudgala zabda meM "pUraNa aura galana" ina donoM kA mela hai| paramANu ke mela se skandha banatA hai| aura eka skandha ke TUTane se bhI apane skandha bana jAte haiN| yaha galana aura milana kI prakriyA svAbhAvika bhI hotI hai aura prANI ke prayoga se bhI hai| kAraNa ki pudgala kI avasthAe~ sAdi, sAnta hotI haiM, anAdi ananta nahIM ! pudgala meM yadi viyojaka zakti nahIM hotI to saba aNuoM kA eka piNDa bana jAtA hai aura yadi saMyojaka zakti nahIM hotI, to eka-eka aNu alaga-alaga raha kara kucha nahIM kara paate| prANI jagat ke prati paramANu kA jitanA kArya hai, vaha saba paramANu samudayajanya hai / 50. skandha kI paribhASA isa prakAra huI hai -do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA piNDa " skandha" kahalAtA hai| skandhoM ko tIna vargoM meM rakhA jAtA hai| "skandha" aneka paramANu jaba eka samudAya meM Akara paraspara sambaddha ho jAte haiN| taba ve skandha kahalAne lagate haiN| skandha kA khaNDa bhI skandha kahalAtA 51 hai| skandha kA koI bhI aMza yA khaNDa, jo apane aMgI se pRthagbhUta nahIM ho vaha skandha deza kahA jAtA hai| skandha yA skandha deza kA eka paramANu jo apanI aMgI se pRthagbhUta na ho, skandha pradeza kahalAtA hai| athavA pudgala ke paramANu aura skandha ke rUpa meM do bheda hote haiN| lekina grAhya aura agrAhya ke rUpa meM bhI do bheda saMbhava hai| pudgala ke jo paramANu jIva dravya se saMyukta hote haiN| unheM grAhya kahA jAtA hai / grAhya pudgaloM ke atirikta zeSa sabhI agrAhya haiM, unheM jIva grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| jIva se una kA saMyoga nahIM hotA hai| pravAha kI apekSA se skandha aura paramANu ye donoM anAdi hai, aparyavasita haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki ina kI santati anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai aura calatI rhegii| sthiti kI apekSA se yaha sAdi saparyavasAna bhI hai| isI sandarbha meM yaha eka jJAtavya tathya hai ki skandha dravya kI dRSTi se sapradeza 48 49 50 51. tatvArtha sUtra, a. 5. sUtra 26 bhagavatI sUtra 20/5/16 ! bhagavatI sUtra 20 / 5 / 1 ! bhagavatI sUtra, aM. 5 sUtra- 26 ! (45)
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________________ hote haiN| jisa skandha meM jitane paramANu hote haiN| vaha tatparimANa pradezI skandha kahalAtA hai| kSetra kI apekSA se sapradezI bhI hai aura apradezI bhI hai| jo eka AkAza pradezAvagAhI hotA hai, vaha apradezI hai aura jo do Adi AkAza-pradezAvagAhI hotA hai| vaha sapradezI hai| kAla kI apekSA se jo skandha eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA hotA hai, yaha apradezI aura jo isa se adhika sthiti vAlA hotA hai, vaha sapradezI hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se eka guNa vAlA apradezI aura adhika guNavAlA sapradezI hai| yaha spaSTa lakSya hai ki ananta pradezI skandha bhI jaba taka sUkSma pariNati meM rahatA hai, taba taka indriya grAhya nahIM banatA hai| aura sUkSma pariNati vAle skandha catuHsparzI hote haiN| uttaravartI cAra sparza bAdara pariNAma vAle cAra skandhoM meM hI hote haiN| guru-laghu aura mRdu kaThina ye sparza pUrvavartI cAra sparzoM kI apekSA pUrNa saMyoga se banate haiN| rukSa sparza kI bahulatA se laghu sparza hotA hai aura snigdha kI bahulatA se guru-sparza hotA hai| zIta aura snigdha ina donoM sparzoM kI bahulatA se mRdu sparza aura USNa tathA rukSa kI bahulatA se karkaza sparza banatA hai| tAtparya kI bhASA meM spaSTa rUpeNa kahA jA sakatA hai ki sUkSma pariNati kI vikRti ke sAtha-sAtha jahA~ sthUla pariNati hotI hai| vahA~ cAra sparza bhI bar3ha jAte haiN| pudgala dravya pariNamanazIla hai| usa meM pariNamana svayaMmeva hotA hai| jIva ke saMyoga se bhI hotA hai| isI dRSTi ko lekara usa ke tIna bheda saMbhava 52 hai| 1 - prayoga -pariNata aise pudgaloM kI prayoga pariNata kahate haiN| jinhone jIva ke saMyoga se apanA pariNamana kiyA hai| 2 - visrasA-pariNata-visrasA pariNata aise pudgaloM ko kahate haiM, jo apanA pariNamana svataH kiyA karate hoM, jIva kA saMyoga hI jina se na huA ho| ___3 - mizra pariNata - ye ve pudgala haiM, jina kA pariNamana jIva ke saMyoga se aura svayaMmeva, donoM prakAra se eka hI sAtha rahA hotA hai| mizra pariNata padgala unheM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, jina kA pariNamana kabhI jIva ke saMyoga se huA ho, lekina aba kinhI kAraNoM se jo svayaMmeva apanA pariNamana kara rahe haiN| ___ apekSA dRSTi se pudgala ke do bheda bhI haiM, 53 tIna bheda bhI haiM, aura paramANu kA eka bheda milakara pudgala ke cAra bheda bhI ho jAte 54 haiN| ye bheda apekSA-vizeSa se hue haiN| dravya dRSTi se pudgala eka hI bheda haiM, athavA yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha vastutaH abheda hI hai| paramANu aura skandha ke rUpa meM hama ne pudgala kA adhyayana kiyA aura hama spaSTatayA usa kA adhyayana anya rUpa meM dekhegeM paramANu sUkSma hai| aura acitta mahAskandha sthUla hai| ina ke madhyavartI saukSSmya aura stholya ye donoM ApekSita bheda haiN| eka sthUla vastu kI apekSA, kisI dUsarI vastu ko sUkSma aura eka bhagavatI sUtra -8/1/1! 53 ka- uttarAdhyayana sUtra -36/11! kha- sthAnAMga sUtra -sthAna -2! 54 54 -bhagavatI sUtra -2/10/66!
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________________ sUkSma vastu kI apekSA kisI dUsarI vastu ko sthUla kahA jAtA hai| sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA ke AdhAra para pudgala ko chaha vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye chahoM bheda skandha ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kiye 15 gaye haiN| 1 - sthUla-sthUla lakar3I, patthara Adi jaise Thosa padArtha isa varga meM Ate haiN| 2 - sthUla- isa varga meM jala, tela Adi dravya padArtha Ate haiN| 3 - sthUla -sUkSma - prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra Adi jaise dRzya padArtha isa varga meM Ate haiN| 4 - sUkSma -sthUla aise padArtha isa varga meM Ate haiN| jinheM hama netra indriya se to nahIM jAna pAte, lekina zeSa cAroM meM se kisI na kisI indriya dvArA avazya jAna sakate haiN| 5 - sUkSma - zAstrIya bhASA meM jinheM kArmaNavargaNA kahate haiN| una pudgaloM ko isa varga meM rakhA gayA hai| ye ve sUkSma haiN| para skandha avazya hai| jo hamArI vicAra-kriyA jaisI kriyAoM ke liye anivArya hai| hamAre vicAroM aura bhAvoM kA prabhAva ina para par3atA hai| tathA ina kA prabhAva jIva dravya evaM anya pudgaloM para par3atA hai| 6 - sUkSma -sUkSma - karmavargaNA se bhI ati sUkSma! eka anya dRSTi se pudgala ke tevIsa bheda bhI kiye jAte haiN| 56 ina bhedoM ko zAstrIya bhASA meM vargaNAe~ kahate haiN| una meM se ATha mukhya vargaNAe~ haiM, aura ina ke aneka upabheda 17 bhI hote haiN| aSTa vidhi vargaNAe~ isa prakAra haiN| 1. audArika vargaNA! 5 - kArmaNa vargaNA! 2 - vaikriya vargaNA! 6 - zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA! 3 - AhAraka vargaNA! 7 - bhASA vargaNA! 4 - tejas vargaNA! 8 - mano vargaNA! 1 - audArika vargaNAe - sthUla pudgala - pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasajIvoM ke zarIra nirmANa yogya pudgala samUha! 2 - vaikriya vargaNA - choTA bar3A, halkA bhArI, dRzya-adRzya Adi vividha kriyAe~ karane meM samartha zarIra ke yogya pudgala-samUha! 3 - AhAraka vargaNA - yoga zakti janya zarIra ke yogya pudgala - samUha! 4 - taijasa vargaNA - vidyuta paramANu samUha! - ka- gommaTasAra, jIva kANDa gAthA -602! nemicandajI siddhAnta ckrvrtii| kha- niyamasAra gAthA -21-24 AcArya kundakunda! 56 gommaTasAra, jIva kANDa -593, 594! 57 gommaTa sAra jIva kANDa 595! (47)
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________________ 5- kArmaNa vargaNA - jIvoM sat va asat kriyA ke pratiphala meM banane vAlA pudgala samUha ! 6- zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA Ana prAna yogya pudgala samUha ! 7 - bhASA vargaNA - bhASA ke yogya pudgala samUha ! 8 - manovargaNA - cintana meM sahAyaka banane vAlA pudgala samUha ! prathama kI cAra vargaNAeM aSTa sparzI sthUla skandha hai| ve halkI bhArI, mRdu-kaThora bhI hotI hai| kArmaNa, bhASA aura mana ye tIna vargaNAe~ catuHsparzI sUkSma skandha hai / ina meM kevala zIta, USNa, snigdha, aura rukSa ye cAra hI sparza hote haiN| guru, laghu, mRdu aura kaThina ye cAra sparza nahIM hote haiN| zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA catuHsparzI aura aSTa-sparzI donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| pudgala dravya kI saMkhyA, kyA paramANu aura kyA skandha, sabhI ke rUpa meM ananta haiN| eka pudgala, dUsare pudgala se sparza, rasa Adi kisI na kisI kAraNa se bhinna yA asamAna bhI ho sakatA hai| ataeva hama kaha sakate haiM ki pudgala bhI ananta hai| 58 59 60 pratyeka dravya kA apanA kArya hotA hai| isa kArya ko upakAra yA upagraha bhI kaha sakate haiN| yaha upagraha pudgala dravya apane svayaM yA anya pudgala dravyoM ke prati to karatA hI hai, jIva dravya ke prati bhI karatA hai| ukta dravya jIva dravya kA upagraha bhI aneka rUpoM meM karatA hai| vaha jIva ke anusAra kabhI zarIra to, kabhI mana, kabhI vacana to kabhI zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM apane svayaM kA pariNamana karatA huA, usa pariNamana ke mAdhyama se jIva dravya kA upagraha karatA rahatA hai| sukha-duHkha, jIvana aura maraNa ke rUpa meM bhI pudgala dravya, jIva dravya kA upagraha karatA hai / pudgala dravya ke dvArA jIva dravya ke upagraha kA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki pudgala dravya kI jIva dravya meM koI prakriyA yA pariNamana kiyA karAyA jAtA hai| isa kA artha, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, kevala yahI hai ki jIva dravya kA pariNana jIva dravya meM pudgala dravya kA pariNana pudgala dravya meM hotA hai lekinaM saMyogavaza donoM ke pariNamanoM meM, svabhAvataH, aisI kucha samAnatA athavA eka rUpatA bana par3atI hai ki hama jIva dravya ko lagatA hai ki yaha pariNamana hama meM jIva dravya ho rahA hai| vAstava meM aisA nahIM hai| jIva dravya kA pariNamana usake apane upAdAna yA antaraMga kAraNa para nirbhara hai| pudgala dravya to kevala nimitta haiM, aura bAhya kAraNa avazya hai / kisI bhI dravya kA svarUpa hI yaha hai ki usa meM guNa aura paryAya hoM, vizleSaNa ho cukA hai, paryAyoM ke viSaya meM vicAraNA yahA~ kI jA rahI hai| yoM to, dravyoM kI bhAMti ananta paryAya haiM, tathApi kucha pramukha paryAyoM kI carcA yahA~ kI jAtI hai, jo isa prakAra haiN| 58 59. 60 bhagavatI sUtra -2 !1! bhagavatI sUtra - za. 13, udde 14 sU. 481 ! tattvArtha sUtra - a. 5, sU. 20 ! (48) pudgaloM ke guNoM kA pudgala dravya ke anya
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________________ paramANu skandha rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| taba una kI dasa avasthAe~ haiM, kArya haiM, una ke nAma isa prakAra haiN| 61 1 - zabda! 6 bheda! 2- bandha! 7 - andhakAra! 8 - chAyA! 4 - sthUla! 9 - Atapa! 5 - saMsthAna! 10 - udyota! 1 - zabda - eka skandha ke sAtha dUsare skandha ke TakarAne se jo dhvani utpanna hotI hai| vaha zabda hai| 62 saMkSepa meM zabdoM ko tIna vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| bhASAtmaka, abhASAtmaka aura mishr| vistAra se, zabda ke mUlataH do bheda hote haiM aura donoM ke do-do prabheda tathA dvitIya bheda ke prathama prabheda ke bhI cAra prabheda hote haiN| 63 bhASAtmaka - isa varga meM mAnava aura pazu-pakSiyoM Adi kI dhvaniyA~ AtI haiN| isa ke do prakAra abhASAtmaka - zabda ka isa vaga ma prakRtijanya Ara vAdhava akSarAtmaka - aisI dhvaniyA~ isa varga ke antargata AtI haiN| jo akSarabaddha kI jA sakeM, likhI jA ske| anakSarAtmaka - isa varga meM rone-cillAne, khAMsane, phusaphusAne Adi kI tathA pazu-pakSiyoM kI dhvaniyA~ AtI haiM, inheM akSara baddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ke isa varga meM prakRtijanya aura vAdyayantroM se utpanna hone vAlI dhvaniyA~ sammilita haiN| isa ke bhI do varga haiM - 1- prAyogika abhASAtmaka! 2 . vaistrAsika abhaassaatmk| vAdyayantroM se utpanna hone vAlI dhvaniyA~ prAyogika haiN| yaha prAyogika zabda cAra prakAra kA hai| tata varga meM ve dhvaniyA~ AtI haiM, jo carma tanana Adi jhilliyA~ ke kampana se utpanna hotI hai| tabalA, Dholaka, bherI Adi se aise zabda utpanna hote haiN| vitata zabda vINA Adi yantra-yantra meM, tantrI ke kampana se utpanna hote haiN| dhana zabda ve haiM, jo tAla, ghaNTA Adi dhana vastuoM ke abhighAta se utpanna hoM, 61 ka- uttarAdhyayana sUtra -a. 28 gA. 12-13 - satvArtha sUtra -a. 5 sU. 24 gaM- dravya saMgraha, gAthA -16! 62 cAstikAya -gAthA -71! 63 : tatvArtha rAjakArtika a.5. sU. 24! nahana K
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________________ sauSira varga meM ve zabda Ate haiN| jo bAMsa, zaMkha, Adi meM vAyu-pratara ke kampana se utpanna 64 ho| ___vaisrasika -megha garjana Adi prAkRtika kAraNoM se utpanna hone vAle zabda vaisrasika kahalAte haiN| jaina darzana meM zabda ko kevala paudgalika kahakara hI, vizrAma nahIM liyA, kintu usa kI 65 utpatti, zIghragati, 66 lokavyApitva 67 sthAyitva 68 Adi vibhinna pahaluoM para gambhIra rUpa se vicAra kiyA 69 hai| zabda pudgala skandhoM ke saMghAta aura bheda se utpanna hotA hai| vaktA bolane ke pUrva bhASA paramANuoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| bhASA ke rUpa meM una kA pariNamana karatA hai| tIsarI avasthA "utsarjana" hai| utsarjana ke dvArA bAhara nikale hue bhASA-pudgala AkAza meM phailate haiN| vaktA kA prayatna yadi manda hai to ve pudgala abhinna rahakara jala-taraMga-nyAya" se asaMkhya yojana taka phaila kara zaktihIna ho jAte haiN| aura vaktA kA prayatna tIvra hotA hai| to ve bhinna hokara dUsare asaMkhya skandhoM ko grahaNa karate karate ati sUkSma kAla meM lokAnta taka cale jAte haiN| hama jo sunate haiM, vaha vaktA kA mUla zabda nahIM suna paate| vaktA kA zabda -zreNiyoM-AkAza pradeza kI pattiyoM meM phailatA hai| ye zreNiyA~ vaktA ke pUrva-pazcima, uttara-dakSiNa, U~ce va nIce chahoM dizAoM meM hai| hama zabda kI samazreNI meM hote haiN| to mizra zabda sunate haiM arthAt vaktA dvArA uccArita zabda dravyoM aura una ke dvArA vAsita zabda-dravyoM ko sunate haiN| yadi hama vizreNI arthAt vidizA meM hote haiN| to kevala vAsita zabda hI suna pAte 70 haiN| mizra zabda nahIM sunate haiN| 2 - bandha - bandha zabda kA artha hai bndhnaa| jur3anA, milanA, saMyukta honaa| do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA bhI bandha ho sakatA hai| aura do yA do se adhika skandhoM kA bhI hotA hai| isI taraha eka yA eka se adhika paramANuoM kA eka yA eka se adhika skandhoM ke sAtha bhI bandha hotA hai| pudgala-paramANuoM arthAt kArmaNa vargaNAoM kA jIvadravya ke sAtha bhI bandha hotA hai| bandha kI yaha ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai ki usa kA vighaTana yA khaNDana yA anta avazyambhAvI hai| kyoMki jisa kA prArambha hotA hai| usa kA anta bhI avazyabheva hotA hai| eka niyama yaha bhI hai ki jina paramANuoM yA skandhoM athavA skandha paramANuoM yA dravyoM kA paraspara bandha hotA hai| ve paraspara sambaddha raha kara bhI apanA-apanA svatantra astitva banAye rakhate haiN| eka dravya dUsare dravya ke sAtha kSIra aura nIra kI bhAMti athavA rAsAyanika pratikriyA se sambaddha hokara bhI apanI pRthak sattA nahIM kho sktaa| usa ke paramANu kitane hI rUpAntArika ho jAte haiN| tathApi una kA apanA svatantra astitva surakSita rahatA hai| 64 65 sarvArthasiddhi -a. 5 sU- 24! sthAnAMga sUtra sthA. 2 uddhe. 3! prajJApanA sUtra pada. -11! prajJApanA sUtra pada -11! prajJApanA pada -11 jambadvIpa prajJapti -5 a! prajJApanA sUtra pada -11 69 70
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________________ bandha kA kAraNa -pudgala kA bandha jIva ke sAtha bhI hotA hai aura isa ke kaI kAraNa bhI haiN| yaha to ati spaSTa hai ki pudgala dravya sakriya hai aura jo sakriya hotA hai, usa kA TUTate-phUTate rahanA, jur3ate milate rahanA sbhAvAvika hai| usa meM koI na koI kArama nimitta ke rUpa meM avazya hotA hai| udAharaNArtha -miTTI ke aneka kaNoM kA bandha hone para ghar3A banatA hai| isa meM kumbhakAra nimitta kAraNa hai| bandha kI prakriyA vAstava meM atyanta hI sUkSma hai| paramANu se skandha, skandha se paramANu aura skandha se skandha kisa prakAra banate haiN| isa viSaya meM mukhyataH sAta tathya haiM, ve ye haiM - 1 - skandhoM kI utpatti kabhI bheda se, kabhI saMghAta se aura kabhI bheda-saMghAna se hotI hai| skandhoM kA vighaTana arthAt kucha paramANuoM kA eka skandha se vicchinna hokara dUsare skandha meM mila jAnA "bheda" kahalAtA hai| do skandhoM kA saMghaTana yA saMyoga ho jAnA saMghAta hai| aura ina donoM prakriyAoM kA eka sAtha ho jAne bheda saMghAta 71 hai| 2 - aNu kI utpatti kevala bheda-prakriyA se hI sambhava 72 hai| 3 - pudgala meM pAye jAne vAle snigdha aura rukSa nAmaka do guNoM ke kAraNa hI yaha prakriyA saMbhava 4 - jina paramANuoM kA snigdha yA rukSa guNa jaghanya arthAt nyUnatama zakti stara para ho una kA paraspara bandha nahIM hotA hai| 5 - jina paramANuoM yA skandhoM meM snigdha yA rukSa guNa samAna mAtrA meM arthAt samazakti stara para ho, unakA bhI paraspara bandha nahIM hotA hai| 6 - lekina una paramANuoM kA bandha avazya hotA hai| jinase snigdha aura rukSa guNoM kI saMkhyA meM do ekAMkoM kA antara hotA hai| jaise cAra snigdha guNayukta skandha kA yaha snigdha guNa yukta skandha ke sAtha bandha sambhava hai, athavA chaha rukSa guNa yukta skandha se bandha saMbhava hai| 7 - bandha kI prakriyA meM saMghAta se utpanna snigdhatA athavA rukSatA meM se jo bhI guNa adhika parimANa meM hotA hai| navIna skandha usI guNa rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye eka skandha, pandraha snigdha guNa yukta skandha aura teraha rukSa guNa skandha se bane to vaha navIna skandha snigdha guNa rUpa hogaa| jIva aura pudgala ke pArasparika bandha kI eka viziSTa paribhASA hai| jIva kaSAya sahita hone ke kAraNa jIva kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgala ko grahaNa karatA hai| isI grahaNa kA nAma bandha hai| " bandha yA 71 72 73 74 sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna -2 ude -3 sU- 82! tattvArtha sutra a. 5 sU. 27! prajJApanA sUtra, pariNAmapada 13 sUtra - 185! tattvArtha sUtra a. 8 sU. 2!
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________________ saMyoga ko prApta hone vAlI kArmaNa vargaNAoM meM aneka prakAra kA svabhAva par3anA prakRti bandha hai, yaha ATha prakAra kA hotA 75 hai| una ke nAma ye haiN| 1- jJAnAvaraNa karma! 5 - Ayu karma! 2 - darzanAvaraNa karma! 6 - nAma karma! 3 - vedanIya karma! 7 - gotra karma! 4 - mohanIya karma! 8 - antarAya karma! ina karmoM meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya va antarAya ye karma ghAtI haiM, aura zeSa karma aghAtI 76 haiN| karma saMskAra mAtra hI nahIM hai, kintu eka vastubhUta pudgala padArtha hai| 3 - sUkSma - isa kA artha hai choTApana, yaha do prakAra kA hai -antya sUkSma aura ApekSika sUkSma 4 - sthUla - isa kA artha hai bdd'aapn| isa ke do bheda haiN| antya sthUla, jo mahAskandha meM pAyA jAtA hai| ApekSita sthUla jo choTI bar3I vastue~ haiN| 5 - saMsthAna - isa kA artha hai -AkAra, racanA vizeSa isake do bheda haiM -itthaM saMsthAna, anitthaM sNsthaan| 6 - bheda - isa kA artha "khaNDa" hai| skandhoM kA vighaTana "bheda" kahalAtA hai| 7 - tama - jo dekhane meM bAdhaka ho aura prakAza kA virodhI ho| 77 8 - chAyA - prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai, yaha prakAza kA abhAva rUpa nahIM hai| 9 - Atapa - sUrya Adi ke nimitta se hone vAle USNa prakAza ko Atapa kahate haiN| 10 - udyota - candramA, juganU Adi ke zIta prakAza ko udyota kahate haiN| Atapa aura udyota meM donoM, prakAza ke vibhAga haiN| unhIM ke rUpa meM usa kA vaijJAnika dRSTi se vivecana huA hai| sArapUrNa bhASA meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana meM paramANu vijJAna aura padArtha-darzana nizcala evaM samagra nirUpaNa hai| ati spaSTa hai ki ukta darzana meM AdhyAtmika vivecana jisa sImA taka pahuMcA huA hai, usI prakAra padArtha vizleSaNa bhI pahuMca cukA hai| jisa kI sarvAMgapUrNa vicAraNA samaya aura zrama sAdhya avazya hai| maryAdita pRSThoM ke kAraNa ukta nibandha meM pudgalAstikAya kA dizA-nirdeza ke rUpa meM Alekhana kiyA gayA hai, pratipAdya viSaya ke bahuvidha AyAmoM kA saMsparza bhI nahIM kiyA hai| tathApi ise agAdha-apAra mahAsAgara meM se eka bUnda kA grahaNa karane ke liye kiye gaye caMcupAta kI bhAMti mAna kara vizeSa adhyayana kI ora jijJAsu jana agrasara hoNge| yahI antahRdaya kI AkAMkSA hai, maMgala manISA hai| kha- sthAnAMga sUtra- 8/3/596! gha- bhagavatI sUtra za. 6 uddhe. 9! ca- prathama karma grantha gAthA -3! ka- uttarAdhyayana sUtra -a. 33 gA. 2-3! ga- prajJApanA sUtra 23/1 Da- tattvArtha sUtra -8/5! cha- paMca saMgraha -2/2! ka- paMcAdhyAyI 2/998, 299 sarvArthasiddhi a. 5 sU. 24! kha- gosmaTasAra jIvakANDa -9! 76 77