Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAeM yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki praznavyAkaraNasUtra (paNhavAgaraNa) jaina aMga-Agama sAhitya kA dasavAM aMga-grantha hai, kintu digambara paramparA ke anusAra aMga-Agama sAhitya kA viccheda (lupta) ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA aMga sAhitya kA viccheda nahIM mAnatI hai / ataH usake upalabdha AgamoM meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha Aja bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kintu samasyA yaha hai ki kyA zvetAmbara paramparA ke vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu vahI hai jisakA nirdeza anya zvetAmbara prAcIna Agama granthoM meM hai athavA yaha parivartita ho cukI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI prAcIna nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga (ThANaMga), samavAyAMga, anuyogadvAra evaM nandIsUtra meM aura digambara paramparA ke rAjavArtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA nAmaka TIkA granthoM meM upalabdha hai| inameM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga lagabhaga 3 rI - 4thI zatI evaM nandI lagabhaga 5vIM chaThI zatAbdI, rAjavArtika 8vIM zatAbdI tathA dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA 10vIM zatAbdI ke grantha svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| praznavyAkaraNa nAma kyoM? , 'praznavyAkaraNa' isa nAma ko lekara prAcIna TIkAkAroM evaM vidvAnoM meM yaha dhAraNA bana gayI thI ki jisa grantha meM praznoM ke samAdhAna kiye gaye hoM, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu praznottarazailI meM nahIM thI aura na vaha prazna vidyA arthAt nimittazAstra se hI sambandhita thii| guru-ziSya samvAda kI praznottara zailI meM Agama grantha kI racanA eka paravartI ghaTanA hai- bhagavatI yA vyAkhyA prazapti isakA prathama udAharaNa hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM nandausUtra meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 pUche gaye 108 nahIM pUche gaye aura 108 aMzata: pUche gaye aura aMzata: nahIM pUche gaye praznoM ke uttara haiN| kintu yaha avadhAraNA kAlpanika hI lagatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcInatama viSayavastu praznottara rUpa meM thI yA usameM praznoM kA uttara dene vAlI vidyAoM kA samAveza thA- samavAyAMga aura nandI sUtra ke ullekhoM ke atirikta Aja isakA koI prabala pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcInakAla meM granthoM ko praznoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karane kI paramparA thii| isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa ApastambIya dharmasUtra hai| jisakI viSayavastu ko do praznoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isake prathama prazna meM 11 paTala aura dvitIya prazna meM 11 paTala haiN| yaha sampUrNa grantha praznottara rUpa meM bhI nahIM hai| isI prakAra baudhAyana dharmasUtra kI viSayavastu bhI praznoM meM vibhakta hai| ataH praznottara zailI meM hone ke kAraNa yA praznavidyA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ise praznavyAkaraNa nAma diyA gayA thA, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| vaise isakA prAcIna nAma 'vAgaraNa' (vyAkaraNa) hI thaa| RSibhASita meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha hai| prAcInakAla meM tAttvika vyAkhyA ko vyAkaraNa kahA jAtA thaa| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM anya granthoM meM jo nirdeza hai usase vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa nizcaya hI bhinna hai| yaha parivartana kisa rUpa meM huA hai, yahI vicAraNIya hai| yadi hama grantha ke kAlakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ko dekheM, to hameM usakI viSayavastu meM hue parivartanoM kI spaSTa sUcanA usameM mila jAtI hai| (a) sthAnAMga - praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcInatama ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI gaNanA dasa dazAoM meM kI gaI hai tathA usake nimna dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM- 1. upamA, 2 saMkhyA 3. RSibhASita 4 AcAryabhASita 5. mahAvIrabhASita 6 kSobhikaprazna 7 komalaprazna 8. Adarzaprazna (Adrakaprazna), 9. aMguSThaprazna, 10. bAhuprazna / isase phalita hotA hai ki sarvaprathama yaha dasa adhyAyoM kA anya thaa| dasa adhyAyoM ke grantha dasA (dazA) kahe jAte the| (ba) samavAyAMga- sthAnAMga ke pazcAt praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu kA adhika vistRta vivecana karane vAlA Agama samavAyAMga hai| samavAyAMga meM usakI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 108 praznoM 108 apraznoM aura 108 praznApraznoM kI vidyAoM ke atizayoM (camatkAroM) kA tathA nAgoM suparNoM ke sAtha divya saMvAdoM kA vivecana hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNa dazA svasamaya-parasamaya ke prajJApaka evaM vividha arthoM vAlI bhASA ke pravaktA pratyeka buddhoM ke dvArA bhASita atizaya guNoM evaM upazamabhAva ke dhAraka tathA jJAna ke Akara AcAryoM ke dvArA vistAra se bhASita aura jagata ke hita ke lie vIra maharSi ke dvArA vizeSa vistAra se bhASita hai| yaha Adarza (addAga), aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, kSauma (vastra) evaM Aditya (ke Azraya se) bhASita hai isameM mahAprazna vidyA manapraznavidyA, devaprayoga Adi kA ullekha hai| isameM saba prANiyoM ke pradhAna guNoM ke prakAzaka, durguNoM ko alpa karane vAle, manuSyoM kI mati ko vismita karane vAle, atizayamaya kAlaza evaM zamadama se yukta uttama tIrthakaroM ke pravacana meM sthita karane vAle, durabhigama, duravagAha, sabhI sarvajJoM ke dvArA sammata sabhI ajJajanoM ko bodha karAne vAle pratyakSa pratItikAraka, vividhaguNoM se aura mahAn arthoM se yukta jinavara praNIta prazna (vacana) kahe gaye haiN| 2 .
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ praznavyAkaraNa aMga kI sImita vAcanAyeM haiM, saMkhyAta anuyoga dvAra haiM, saMkhyAta pratipattiyA~ haiM, saMkhyAta veDha haiM, saMkhyAta zloka haiM, saMkhyAta niyuktiyA~ haiM aura saMkhyAta sagrahaNiyA~ haiN| praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja praznavyAkaraNa aMgarUpa se dasavA~ aMga hai, isameM eka zrutaskandha hai, paiMtAlIsa uddezana kAla hai, paiMtAlIsa samuddezana kAla haiM, pada-gaNanA kI apekSA saMkhyAta lAkha pada kahe gaye haiN| isameM saMkhyAta akSara haiM, ananta gama haiM, ananta paryAya haiM, parIta trasa haiM, ananta sthAvara haiM, isameM zAzvata kRta, nibaddha nikAcita jina-prajJapta bhAva kahe jAte haiM, prajJApita kiye jAte haiM, prarUpita kiye jAte haiM, nidarzita kiye jAte haiM aura upadarzita kiye jAte haiN| isa aMga ke dvArA AtmA jJAtA hotA hai, vijJAtA hotA hai isa prakAra caraNa aura karaNa kI prarUpaNA ke dvArA vastu svarUpa kA kathana, prajJApana, nidarzana aura upadarzana kiyA jAtA haiM / 4 (sa) nandIsUtra - nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo ullekha hai vaha samavAyAMga ke vivaraNa kA mAtra saMkSipta rUpa hai| usake bhAva aura bhASA donoM hI samAna haiN| mAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM, jabaki samavAyAMga meM kevala 45 samuddezana kAloM kA ullekha hai, 45 adhyayana kA ullekha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kA vargIkaraNa dasa dazAoM meM kiyA hai / sambhavataH jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke isa prAcIna saMskaraNa kI racanA huI hogI taba gyAraha aMgoM athavA dvAdaza gaNipiTika kI avadhAra bhI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM bana pAyI thii| aMga-Agama sAhitya ke 5 grantha upAsakadazA, antakRdazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA, anuttarIpapAtika dazA tathA karmavipAkadazA (vipAkadazA) dasa dazAoM meM hI parigaNita kiye jAte the| Aja ina dazAoM meM uparyukta pA~ca tathA AcAradazA, jo Aja dazAzrutaskandha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, ko chor3akara zeSa cArabandhadazA dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA aura saMkSepadazA anupalabdha haiN| upalabdha chaha dazAoM meM bhI upAsakadazA aura AyAradazA kI viSayavastu sthAnAMga meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anurUpa hai| karmavipAka aura anularopapAtikadazA kI viSayavastu meM kucha samAnatA hai aura kucha bhinnatA hai| jabaki praznavyAkaraNadazA aura antakRddazA kI viSayavastu pUrI taraha badala gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu sUcita kI gaI hai vahI isakA prAcInatama saMskaraNa lagatA hai, kyoMki yahA~ taka isakI viSayavastu meM naimittika vidyAoM kA adhika praveza nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa ke jina daza adhyayanoM kA nirdeza karatA hai, unameM bhI merI dRSTi meM isimAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAI -- ye tIna prAcIna pratIta hote haiM 'umA' aura 'saMkhA kI sAmagrI kyA thI? kahA nahIM jA sktaa| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'umA' meM kucha rUpakoM ke dvArA dharma-bodha karAyA gayA hogaa| jaisA ki jJAtAdharmakathA meM karma aura aNDoM ke rUpakoM dvArA kramazaH yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki jo indriya saMyama nahIM karatA hai vaha duHkha ko prApta hotA hai aura jo sAdhanA meM asthira citta rahatA hai vaha phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra 'saMkhA' meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke samAna saMkhyA ke AdhAra para varNita sAmagrI ho / yadyapi yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki saMkhA nAmaka adhyayana kA sambandha sAMkhya darzana se rahA ho| kyoMki anya paramparAoM ke vicAroM ko prastuta karane kI udAratA isa grantha meM thii| sAtha hI prAcIna kAla meM sAMkhya zramaNadhArA kA hI darzana thA aura jaina darzana se usakI nikaTatA thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki addAgapariNAiM, bAhupasiNAI Adi adhyAyoM kA sambandha bhI nimittazAstra se na hokara ina nAmavAle vyaktiyoM kI tAttvika paricarcA se rahA ho jo kramazaH AIka aura bAhuka nAmaka RSiyoM kI tattvacarcA se sambandhita rahe hoNge| adyAgapasiNAI kI TIkAkAroM ne 'Adarza prazna' aisI jo saMskRta chAyA kI hai vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| usakI saMskRta chAyA 'Ardraka prazna' aisI honA caahie| AIka se hue praznottaroM kI carcA - praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNoM kI samIkSA merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu ke tIna saMskAra hue hoNge| prathama evaM prAcInatama saMskAra, jo 'vAgaraNa' kahA jAtA thA, sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai sAtha hI vartamAna RSibhASita meM bhI 'addAeNa' (da) tattvArthavArtika tattvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AkSepa aura vizeSa ke dvArA hetu aura naya ke Azraya se praznoM ke vyAkaraNa ko praznavyAkaraNa kahate hai| isameM laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai|" - - (i) dhavalA - dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu batAI gaI hai vaha tattvArthavArtika meM pratipAdita viSaya-vastu se kiMcit vibhinnatA rakhatI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nirvedanI ina cAra prakAra kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| usameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki AkSepaNI kathA parasamayoM (anya matoM) kA nirAkaraNa kara 6 dravyoM aura nava tattvoM kA pratipAdana karatI hai| vikSepaNI kathA parasamaya ke dvArA svasamaya para lagAye gaye AkSepoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svasamaya kI sthApanA karatI hai| saMvedanI kathA puNyaphala kI kathA hai| isameM tIrthakara gaNadhara RSi cakravartI Adi kI Rddhi kA vivaraNa hai| nivedanI kathA pApa phala kI kathA hai, isameM naraka, tiryaca, jarA-maraNa, roga Adi sAMsArika duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa praznoM ke anusAra hata, naSTa, muSTi, cintA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha, duHkha, jIvita, maraNa, jaya parAjaya, nAma, dravya, Ayu aura saMkhyA nirUpaNa karatA hai|" isa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcIna ullekhoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| 75 meM RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI isakI pramukha viSayavastu rahI hogii| RSibhASita meM 'vAgaraNa' grantha kA evaM usakI viSayavastu kI RSibhAsita se samAnatA kA ullekha hai|' isase prAcInakAla ( I0pU0 4thI yA 3rI zatAbdI) meM usake astittva kI sUcanA to milatI hI hai sAtha hI praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kA sambandha bhI spaSTa hotA hai| .
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 76 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 (AIka) aura bAhu (bAhuka) nAmaka adhyayana upalabdha haiN| ho sakatA AcAryabhASita aura mahAravIrabhASita hI thI aura jisakA adhikAMza bhAga hai ki komala aura khoma-kSoma bhI koI RSi rahe haiN| soma kA ullekha Aja bhI RSibhASita Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| kyoMki samavAyAMga bhI RSibhASita meM hai| phira bhI yadi hama yaha mAnane ko utsuka hI meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ko pratyekabuddhabhASita, AcAryabhASita, hoM ki ye adhyayana nimittazAstra se sambandhita the to hameM yaha mAnanA maharSivIrabhASita kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jahA~ RSibhASita zabda hai hogA ki yaha sAmagrI usameM bAda meM jur3I hai, prArambha meM usakA aMga vahAM samavAyAMga meM pratyekabuddhabhASita zabda hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita nahIM thii| kyoMki prAcInakAla meM nimittazAstra kA adhyayana jaina bhikSu ke pratyeka RSi ko Age calakara jainAcAryoM ne pratyekabuddha ke rUpa ke lie varjita thA aura ise pApazruta mAnA jAtA thaa| meM svIkAra kiyA haiM aura yaha zabda-parivartana usI kA sUcaka hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga donoM meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM RSibhASita ke sthAna para pratyekabuddhabhASita vivaraNa haiM, ve bhI eka kAla ke nahIM haiN| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa paravartI kahA gayA hai| hamAre kathana kI puSTi kA dUsarA AdhAra yaha hai ki samavAyAMga hai, kyoMki usa vivaraNa meM mUla tathya surakSita rahate hue bhI nimittazAstra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke eka zrutaskandha aura 45 adhyAya mAne gaye haiN| sambandhI vivaraNa kAphI vistRta ho gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga ke praznavyAkaraNa kI viSaya-vastu ke dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM jabaki samavAyAMga usameM 45 uddezaka sambandhI isa vivaraNa ke likhe jAne taka bhI yaha avadhAraNA acetanarUpa hone kI sUcanA detA hai| 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' nAmaka sthAnAMga meM varNita meM avazya thI ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu pratyekabuddhoM, dharmAcAryoM prArambhika do adhyayanoM kA yahA~ nirdeza hI nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki aura mahAvIra ke upadezoM se nirmita thI, yadyapi isa kAla taka RSibhASita 'uvamA' kI sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA meM aura 'saMkhA' kI sAmagrI-yadi ko usase alaga kara diyA gayA hogA aura usake 45 adhyayanoM ke usakA sambandha saMkhyA se thA to sthAnAMga yA samavAyAMga meM DAla dI ___ sthAna para nimittazAstra sambandhI vidyAe~ samAviSTa kara dI gaI hoNgii| gaI ho| 'komalapasiNAI' kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ina tInoM ke sthAna yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya jor3ane kA hI aisA kucha prayatna sImitarUpa para 'asi' 'maNi' aura Aditya' ye tIna nAma naye jur3a gaye haiM, punaH meM sthAnAMga meM prazna vyAkaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva bhI inakA ullekha bhI adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM nahIM hai| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa huA hogaa| merI dhAraNA yaha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM prathama nimittazAstra spaSTarUpa se yaha batAtA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA varNya-viSaya camatkArapUrNa kA viSaya jur3A aura phira RSibhASita vAlA aMza alaga huA tathA vividha vidyAoM se paripUrNa hai| yahA~ isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI bIca kA kucha kAla aisA rahA jaba vahI viSayavastu donoM meM aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAiM ina tIna adhyayanoM kA vilopa kara yaha nimittazAstra samanAntara banI rhii| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jahAM sambandhI vivaraNa inake dvArA kathita hai- yaha kaha diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai, vahAM vastuta: samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa hameM praznavyAkaraNa ke kisI dUsare samavAyAMga meM isake 45 uddezana kAla aura nandI meM 45 adhyayana parivardhita saMskaraNa kI sUcanA detA hai jisameM naimittazAstra se sambandhita hone kA ullekha hai- yaha Akasmika nahIM hai| yaha ullekha praznavyAkaraNa vivaraNa jor3akara pratyeka buddhabhASita (RSibhASita), AcAryabhASita aura aura RSibhASita kI kisI sAmyatA kA saMketaka hai| vartamAna vIrabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) bhAga alaga kara diye gaye the aura isa praznavyAkaraNa meM dasa adhyayana honA bhI saprayojana hai- sthAnAGga ke prakAra ise zuddharUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA gayA thaa| pUrva vivaraNa se saMgati baiThAne ke lie hI aisA kiyA gayA hogaa| dasa use prAmANikatA dene ke lie yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA ki ye pratyeka aura paitAlIsa ke isa vivAda ko sulajhAne ke do hI vikalpa haiMbuddha, AcArya aura mahAvIrabhASita haiN| prathama sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki prAcIna saMskaraNa meM dasa adhyAya tattvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo vivaraNa rahe hoM aura usake RSibhASita vAle adhyAya ke 45 uddezaka rahe hoM upalabdha hai vaha itanA avazya sUcita karatA hai ki granthakAra ke sAmane athavA mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAya hI praznavyAkaraNa kI koI prati nahIM thI usane praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu hoM kyoMki inameM bhI RSibhASita ke sAtha mahAvIrabhASita aura ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha kalpanAzrita hI hai| yadyapi AcAryabhASita kA samAveza ho hI jAtA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM jo nimittazAstra se sambandhita vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAyoM meM se kucha adhyAya RSibhASita kucha vivaraNa hai, vaha nizcaya hI yaha batAtA hai ki granthakAra ne use ke antargata aura kucha AcAryabhASita evaM kucha mahAvIrabhASita ke antargata anuzruti ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paramparA se prApta kiyA hogaa| uddezakoM ke rUpa meM vargIkRta hue hoN| mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki samavAyAMga dhavalA meM varNita viSayavastu vAlA koI praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM bhI meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana na kahakara 45 uddezana kAla kahA rahA hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| gayA hai, kintu praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karane ke pazcAt unheM eka hI jaisA ki hama pUrva meM kaha cuke haiM ki samavAyAMga kA praznavyAkaraNa grantha ke antargata 45 adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM rakha diyA gayA ho| eka kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga kI apekSA paravartI kAla kA mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayana hai| phira bhI isameM kucha tathya aise avazya haiM jo hamArI isa dhAraNA kahe gaye haiM jabaki vartamAna RSibhASita meM 45 adhyayana haiN| kyA vardhamAna ko puSTa karate haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa kI mUlabhUta viSayavastu RSibhASita, nAmaka adhyayana pahale isameM sammilita nahIM thaa| kyoMki ise
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja 77 nAmaka adhyayana pahale isameM sammilita nahIM thaa| kyoMki ise kyA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu surakSita hai? mahAvIrabhASita meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA gayA thA yA anya koI kAraNa yahAM yaha carcA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama thA, hama nahIM kaha skte| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki utkaTavAdI adhyAya aura dvitIya saMskAroM kI viSayavastu pUrNata: naSTa ho gaI hai yA vaha meM kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai, sAtha hI yaha adhyAya cArvAka darzana Aja bhI pUrNata: yA AMzika rUpa meM surakSita hai| kA pratipAdana karatA hai| ataH ise RSibhASita meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama saMskaraNa meM RSibhASita, ho| samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke mUlapAThoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita ke nAma se jo sAmagrI thI vaha Aja yaha hai ki nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana haiM- aisA spaSTa bhI RSibhASita, jJAtAdharmakathA, sUtrakRtAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana meM bahuta pATha hai| jabaki samavAyAMga meM 45 adhyayana, aisA pATha na hokara 45 kucha surakSita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki IsvI san ke pUrva hI usa sAmagrI uddezana kAla hai, mAtra yahI pATha hai| ho sakatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke ko vahAM se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI ke nAma se svatantra grantha ke rUpa racanA-kAla taka ve uddezaka rahe hoM, kintu Age calakara ve adhyayana meM surakSita kara liyA gayA thaa| jaina paramparA meM aise prayAsa aneka kahe jAne lage hoN| yadi samavAyAMga ke kAla taka 45 adhyayanoM kI bAra hue haiM jaba cUlA yA cUlikA ke rUpa meM granthoM meM navIna sAmagrI avadhAraNA hotI to samavAyAMgakAra usakA ullekha avazya karate kyoMki jor3I jAtI rahI athavA kisI grantha kI sAmagrI ko nikAlakara usase samavAyAMga meM anya aMga AgamoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM adhyayanoM kA eka nayA grantha banA diyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kisI samaya nizItha spaSTa ullekha hai| ko AcArAMga kI cUlA ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA aura kAlAntara meM use isa sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki kyA nimittazAstra vahA~ se alaga kara nizItha nAmaka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gyaa| isI evaM cAmatkArika vidyAoM se yukta koI praznavyAkaraNa banA bhI thA yA prakAra AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) ke AThaveM adhyAya (paryuSaNakalpa) yaha saba kalpanA kI ur3AneM haiM? yaha satya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kI kI sAmagrI se kalpasUtra nAmaka eka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gyaa| pada-saMkhyA kA samavAyAMga, nandI, nandIcUrNI aura dhavalA meM jo ullekha ata: yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki pahale praznavyAkaraNa meM hai, vaha kAlpanika hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga aura nandI, praznavyAkaraNa isibhAsiyAI ke adhyAya jur3ate rahe hoM aura phira adhyayanoM kI sAmagrI ke padoM kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM dete haiM--mAtra saMkhyAta-zata-sahasra- ko vahAM se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI nAmaka svatantra grantha astitva aisA ullekha karate haiM, kintu nandIcUrNI evaM samavAyAMgavRtti3 meM usake meM AyA ho| merA yaha kathana nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai| prathama to donoM padoM kI saMkhyA 9216000 aura dhavalA'4 meM 9316000 batAyI nAmoM kI sAmyatA to hai hii| sAtha hI samavAyAMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa gaI hai, jo mujhe to kAlpanika hI adhika lagatI hai| ullekha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke prajJApaka merI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI, tattvArtha, pratyekabuddhoM ke kathana haiN| (paNhAvAgaraNadasAsuNaM sasamaya-parasamaya rAjavArtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu paNNavaya-patteabuddha .......bhAsiyAiNaM, samavAyAMga 547) / isibhAsiyAI kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha hai vaha pUrNata: kAlpanika cAhe na ho, kintu ke sambandha meM yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki usameM pratyekabuddhoM ke vacana usameM satyAMza kama aura kalpanA kA puTa adhika hai| yadyapi nimittazAstra haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM samavAyAMga 'sa-samaya-para samaya paNNavaya patteabuddha-arthAt ke viSaya ko lekara koI praznavyAkaraNa avazya banA hogA, phira bhI svasamaya evaM parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyeka buddha kA ullekha kara isakI usameM samavAyAMga aura dhavalA meM varNita samagra viSayavastu evaM cAmatkArika puSTi bhI kara detA hai ki ve pratyeka buddha mAtra jaina paraMparA ke nahIM haiM, vidyAeM rahI hoMgI yaha kahanA kaThina hI hai| apitu anya paramparAoM ke bhI hai| isibhAsiyAI meM maMkhaligozAla, isI sandarbha meM samavAyAMga ke mUlapATha 'addAgaMguTThabAhuasimaNi devanArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, uddAlaka Adi se sambandhita khomaAiccabhAsiyANaM5 ke artha ke sambandha meM bhI yahAM hameM punarvicAra adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karate haiN| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa karanA hogaa| kahIM adAga, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, khoma (kSoma) kA prAcInatama adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI isibhAsiyAI meM tathA kucha aura Aditya vyakti to nahIM haiM- kyoMki inake dvArA bhASita kahane bhAga sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA aura uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyAyoM ke kA kyA artha hai? sthAnAGga ke vivaraNa kI samIkSA karate hue jaisI rUpa meM surakSita hai| praznavyAkaraNa kA isibhAsiyAI vAlA aMza vartamAna ki maiMne sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki kahIM adAga-AIka, bAhu-bAhuka, isibhAsiyAiM (RSibhASita), mahAvIrabhAsiyAI meM tathA AyariyabhAsiyAI khoma-soma nAmaka RSi to nahIM hai, kyoMki RSibhASita meM inake ullekha kA kucha aMza uttarAdhyayana ke adhyanoM meM surakSita hai| RSibhASita ke haiN| Aditya bhI koI RSi ho sakate haiN| kevala aMguTTha, asi aura tetaliputra nAmaka adhyAya kI viSaya sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA ke 14veM maNi ye tIna nAma avazya aise haiM, jinake vyakti hone kI sambhAvanA tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| dhUmila hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza the, isakI isa samagra carcA kA phalita to mAtra yahI hai ki praznavyAkaraNa puSTi aneka AdhAroM se kI jA sakatI hai| sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayana nAma kI viSayavastu samaya-samaya para badalatI rahI hai| hI isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha kisI grantha ke uttara-adhyayanoM
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 78 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 se banA huA grantha hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki isakI viSaya-sAmagrI pUrva mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM prastuta jaina sAhitya-vivaraNa ke meM kisI grantha kA uttaravartI aMza rahI hogii| isa tathya kI puSTi kA pUrva taka uttarAdhyayana eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM astitva meM nahIM dUsarA kintu sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti AyA thA, apitu vaha praznavyAkaraNa ke eka bhAga ke rUpa gAthA 4 meM isa bAta kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM thaa| kA kucha bhAga aMga sAhitya se liyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana niyukti puna: uttarAdhyayana kA mahAvIrabhASita honA use praznavyAkaraNa ke granthoM se liye gaye hai| niyuktikAra kA yaha kathana tIna mukhya bAtoM karane ke pazcAt 37veM pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA varNana karate hue para prakAza DAlatA hai| prathama to yaha ki uttarAdhyayana ke jo 36 adhyayana bhagavAna parinirvANa ko prApta hue| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kI haiM, unameM kucha jinabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) aura kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke carcA karate hue usameM pRSTa, apRSTa aura pRSTApRSTa praznoM kA vivecana saMvAda rUpa hai tathA aMga sAhitya se liye gaye haiN| aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika honA batAyA gayA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa rUpa se uThatA hai ki vaha aMga-grantha kauna sA thA, jisase uttarAdhyayana aura uttarAdhyayana kI samarUpatA hai aura uttarAdhyayana meM apRSTa praznoM ke ye bhAga liye gaye? kucha AcAryoM ne dRSTivAda se isake pariSaha kA vyAkaraNa hai| Adi adhyAyoM ko liye jAne kI kalpanA kI hai, kintu merI dRSTi hama yaha bhI suspaSTa rUpa se batA cuke haiM ki pUrva meM RSibhASita meM isakA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| isakI sAmagrI usI grantha se lI jA hI praznavyAkaraNa kA eka bhAga thaa| RSibhASita ko paravartI AcAryoM sakatI hai jisameM mahAvIrabhASita aura pratyekabuddha bhASita viSayavastu ne pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bhI kucha adhyayanoM ko ho| isaprakAra viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI hI thI ata: usase hI inheM pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana liyA gayA hogaa| yaha bAta nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI evaM RSibhASita eka dUsare se nikaTarUpa se sambandhita the aura kisI hai ki cAhe uttarAdhyayana ke samasta adhyayana to nahIM, kintu kucha adhyayana eka hI grantha ke bhAga the| haribhadra (8vIM zatI) Avazyakaniyukti kI to avazya hI mahAvIrabhASita haiN| eka bAra hama uttarAdhyayana ke 36 vRtti (8/5) meM RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana ko eka mAnate haiN| terahavIM veM adhyayana evaM usake anta meM dI huI usa gAthA ko jisameM usakA zatAbdI taka bhI jaina AcAryoM meM aisI dhAraNA calI A rahI thI ki mahAvIrabhASita honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, paravartI evaM prakSipta mAna RSibhASita kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| jinaprabhasUri kI bhI leM, kintu usake 18 veM adhyayana kI 24 vIM gAthA jo na kevala vidhimArgaprapA meM, jo 14 vIM zatAbdI kI eka racanA hai- spaSTa rUpa isI gAthA ke sarUpa hai, apitu bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI usakI apekSA se ullekha hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke mata meM RSibhASita kA antarbhAva prAcIna lagatI hai- prakSipta nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| yadi hama uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ke kucha adhyayana jinabhASita evaM kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke samvAdarUpa haiM ___ ko samagra rUpa meM eka grantha mAneM to aisA lagatA hai ki usa grantha to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki ve kisa aMga grantha ke bhAga ho sakate kA pUrvavartI bhAga RSibhASita aura uttaravartI bhAga uttarAdhyayana kahA haiN| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue sthAnAMga, jAtA thaa| samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM usake adhyAyoM ko mahAvIrabhASita evaM yaha to huI praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcInatama prathama saMskaraNa kI baat| pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana aba yaha vicAra karanA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa ke nimittazAstra pradhAna dUsare ke aneka adhyAya pUrva meM praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayana ___ saMskaraNa kI kyA sthiti ho sakatI hai- kyA vaha bhI kisI rUpa meM ke adhyAyoM ke vaktA ke rUpa meM dekheM to spaSTarUpa se unameM namipavvajjA, surakSita hai? kApilIya, saMjayIyA Adi jaise kaI adhyayana pratyeka buddhoM ke samvAdarUpa jahAM taka nimittazAstra se sambandhita praznavyAkaraNa ke dUsare milate haiN| jabaki vinayasutta, pariSaha vibhakti, saMskRta, akAmamaraNIya, saMskaraNa ke astitva meM hone kA prazna hai- merI dRSTi meM vaha bhI kSullaka-nirgranthIya, dumapatraka, bahuzrutapUjA jaise kucha adhyAya mahAvIrabhASita pUrNatayA vilupta nahIM huA hai, apitu mAtra huA yaha hai ki use haiM aura kesI-gautamIya, gaddamIya Adi kucha adhyAya AcAryabhASita praznavyAkaraNa se pRthak kara usake sthAna para AzrayadvAra aura saMvaradvAra kahe jA sakate haiN| ata: praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskAra kI nAmaka naI viSayavastu DAla dI gaI hai| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne viSaya-sAmagrI se isa uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAyoM kA nirmANa jinavANI, disambara 1980 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM praznavyAkaraNa huA hai| nAmaka kucha anya granthoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra meM uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AyA jayapAyaDa' ke nAma se eka grantha muni jinavijayajI ne siMghI jaina hai, kintu sthAnAMga meM kahIM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| ___granthamAlA ke grantha kramAMka 43 meM saMvat 2015 meM prakAzita kiyA jaisA ki hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke hai sthAnAGga hI aisA prathama grantha hai| yaha grantha eka prAcIna tAr3apatrIya prati ke AdhAra para prakAzita kiyA hai jo jaina Agama-sAhitya ke prAcInatama svarUpa kI sUcanA detA hai| gayA hai| tAr3apatrIya prati kharataragaccha ke AcArya zAkhA ke jJAnabhaNDAra
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 79 praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja jaisalamera se prApta huI thI aura yaha vikrama saMvat 1336 kI likhI kA grantha banA diyA gyaa| punaH lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI meM yaha nimittazAstra huI thii| grantha mUlataH prAkRta bhASA meM haiM aura usameM 378 gAthAeM vAlA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para pAMca Azrava haiN| usake sAtha saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| yaha prakAzita grantha pArzvanAtha tathA pA~ca saMvaradvAra vAlA vartamAna saMskaraNa rakhA gyaa| jaisA ki maiMne vidyAzrama, vArANasI ke puskAlaya meM hai| grantha kA viSaya nimittazAstra sUcita kiyA ki praznavyAkaraNa ke pUrva ke do saMskaraNa bhI cAhe usase se sambandhita hai| isI prakAra jinaratnakoza meM bhI zAntinAtha bhaNDAra pRthak kara diye gaye hoM kintu ve RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aura khaMbhAta meM upalabdha jayapAhuDa praznavyAkaraNa, nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka anya nimittazAstra ke granthoM ke rUpa meM apanA astitva rakha rahe haiN| AzA hai, isa sambandha meM vidvadvarga Age aura eka anya praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA hameM nepAla ke mahArAjA manthana karake kisI niSkarSa para phuNcegaa| kI lAyabrerI se prApta hotI hai| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA kI sUcanA ke anusAra isa grantha kI pratilipi terApantha dharmasaMgha ke AcArya munizrI praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu kI samarUpatA kA nathamalajI ne prApta kara lI hai| isa lekha ke prakAzana ke pUrva zrI jauharImala pramANa jI pArakha, rAvaTI, jodhapura ke saujanya se isa grantha kI phoTo kApI RSibhASita aura prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastuoM kI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko prApta ho gaI hai| ise abhI pUrA ekarUpatA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hameM RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka par3hA to nahIM jA sakA hai, kintu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para jJAta 31 veM adhyayana meM mila jAtA hai| isameM pArzva kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM huA ki isakI mUlagAthAeM to siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke antargata prakAzita kI carcA hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM granthakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha kRti ke samAna hI haiM, kintu TIkA bhinna hai| isakI eka anya phoTo ullekha kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNaprabhRti granthoM meM samAhita isa adhyayana kApI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda kA aisA dUsarA pATha bhI milatA hai| yaha mUlapATha isa prakAra haise bhI prApta huI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa kI sUcanA hameM pATana vAgaraNagaMthAoM pabhiti sAmittaM jJAna bhaNDAra kI sUcI se prApta hotI hai| yaha grantha bhI cUr3AmaNi nAmaka imaM ajjhayaNaM tAva imo bIo pADho dissatira TIkA ke sAtha hai aura TIkA kA granthAMka 2300 zloka parimANa batAyA isakA tAtparya to yaha hai ki RSibhASita kI viSayavastu praznagayA hai| yaha prati bhI kAphI purAnI ho sakatI hai| vyAkaraNa meM bhI sAmahita thii| yadyapi yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hogA isa saba AdhAroM se aisA lagatA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu se RSibhASita kA nirmANa huA yA nimittazAstra se sambandhita saMskaraNa bhI pUrI taraha vilupta nahIM huA RSibhASita kI viSayavastu se praznavyAkaraNa kaa| lekina yaha suspaSTa hogA, apitu use usase alaga karake surakSita kara liyA gayA ho| hai ki kisI samaya praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu samAna yadi koI vidvAn ina saba granthoM ko lekara unakI viSayavastu ko thI aura unameM kucha pAThAntara bhI the| ata: vartamAna RSibhASita meM prAcIna samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra evaM dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI ullikhita viSaya praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA honA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA sAmagrI ke sAtha milAna kare to yaha patA cala sakegA ki praznavyAkaraNa hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM pArzva nAmaka jo anya grantha upalabdha haiM ve praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa Adi prAcIna arhat RSiyoM ke dArzanika vicAra evaM upadeza ke hI aMza haiM yA anya haiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki samavAyAMga aura nihita the| nandI ke racanAkAla meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kaI grantha vAcanA-bheda se pracalita ho aura unameM una sabhI viSayavastu ko samAhita kiyA gayA praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa kI viSayavastu kI AMzika samAnatA ho| isa mAnyatA kA eka AdhAra yaha hai ki RSibhASita, samavAyAMga, 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' nAmaka jisa grantha kA hamane ullekha nandI evaM anuyogadvAra meM vAgaraNagaMthA evaM paNhAvAgaraNAiM- aise bahuvacana kiyA hai, usakI viSaya sAmagrI nimittazAstra se sambandhita hai| puna: prayoga milate haiN| isase aisA lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM vAcanAbheda usameM kartA ne tIsarI gAthA meM 'paNhaM jayapAyaDaM vocchaM' kahakara ke se yA anya rUpa aneka praznavyAkaraNa upasthita rahe hoNge| praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa kI samarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta ina praznavyAkaraNoM kI saMskRta TIkA sahita tAr3apatrIya pratiyAM grantha kI isI gAthA kI TIkA meM grantha kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate meM ye grantha astitva meM the, kyoMki 9-10vIM zatAbdI meM jaba inakI TIkAeM likhI gaIM, to usake pUrva bhI ye grantha apane mUla rUpa meM rahe hoNge| sambhavata: IsA kI lagabhaga 2-3rI zatAbdI meM praznavyAkaraNa meM nimittazAstra sambandhI sAmagrI jor3I gaI ho aura phira usameM se RSibhASita kA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura use viziSTa rUpa se eka nimittazAstra Adi sambandhI prazna haiN| isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki dhavalAkAra ne praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai usakI isase bahuta kucha samAnatA hai| 21 prastuta grantha ke viSayoM meM muSTivibhAga prakaraNa, naSTikA cakra, saMkhyA pramANa, lAbha prakaraNa, astravibhAga prakaraNa Adi aise haiM jinakI viSayavastu samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke varNita viSayoM se yatkicit samAna ho sakatI hai|22
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 80 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 durbhAgya yaha hai ki prakAzita hote hue bhI vidvAnoM ko isa grantha kI thaa| kintu jaba paravartI AcAryoM ne isakA durupayoga hote dekhA hogA jAnakArI nahIM hai| yaha jaina nimittazAstra kA prAcIna evaM pramukha grantha hai| aura munivarga ko sAdhanA se virata hokara inhIM naimittika vidyAoM kI grantha kI bhASA ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayA yaha anumAna kiyA jA upAsanA meM rata dekhA hogA to unhoMne yaha naimittika vidyAoM se yukta sakatA hai ki yaha IsvI san kI cauthI-pA~cavI zatAbdI kI ho sakatI vivaraNa usase alaga kara usameM pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra hai| grantha ke lie prayukta pAyaDa yA pAhuDa zabda se bhI yaha phalita vAlA vivaraNa rakha diyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva evaM hotA hai ki yaha grantha lagabhaga pA~cavI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI racanA jJAnavimala ne bhI viSaya-parivartana ke lie yahI tarka svIkAra honA cAhie, kyoMki kasAyapAhuDa evaM kundakunda ke pAhuDa grantha isI kiyA hai|22 / kAlAvadhi ke kucha pUrva kI racanAeM haiN| sUryaprajJapti meM bhI viSayoM kA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kaba usase alaga kara dI vargIkaraNa pAhuDoM ke rUpa meM huA hai| ata: yaha sambhAvanA ho sakatI gaI aura usake sthAna para pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra rUpa hai ki jayapAyaDa praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA koI rUpa ho, navIna viSayavastu rakha dI gaI, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| abhayadevasUre yadyapi isa sambandha meM antimarUpa se tabhI kucha kahA jA sakatA hai ne apanI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM bhI yaha spaSTa nirdeza jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se milane vAlI sabhI racanAeM hamAre samakSa kiyA hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM inameM sUcita viSayavastu upalabdha upasthita hoM aura inakA prAmANika rUpa se adhyayana kiyA jaaye| nahIM hai|24 mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne pAMca AzravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAle vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa para hI TIkA likhI hai| ata: viSaya-sAmagrI meM parivartana kyoM? vartamAna saMskaraNa kI nimnatama sImA abhayadeva ke kAla arthAt IsvI yadyapi yahAM yaha prazna svAbhAvikarUpa se uThatA hai ki prathama san 1080 se pUrvavartI honA caahie| puna: abhayadeva ne praznavyAkaraNa RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita Adi bhAga ko haTAkara usameM meM eka zrutaskandha hai yA do zrutaskandha hai isa samasyA ko uThAte hue nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA aura phira nimittazAstra sambandhI apanI vRtti kI pUrvapIThikA meM apane se pUrvavartI AcArya kA mata uddhRta vivaraNa haTAkara AzravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA- yaha kiyA hai- 'do suyasaMghA paNNattA AsavadArA ya saMvaradArA y-|' abhayadeva saba kyoM huA? sarvaprathama RSibhASita Adi bhAga kyoM haTAyA gayA? ne pUrvAcArya kI mAnyatA ko asvIkAra bhI kiyA hai aura yaha bhI kahA merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki RSibhASita meM adhikAMzata: ajaina hai ki yaha do zrutaskandhoM kI mAnyatA rUr3ha nahIM hai| sambhavataH unhoMne paramparA ke (RSiyoM ke upadeza evaM vicAra saMkalita the- isake paThana- apanA eka zrutaskandha sambandhI mata samavAyAMga aura nandI ke AdhAra pAThana se eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa to hotA thA, kintu jainadharma ___ para banAyA ho| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki abhayadeva ke pUrva bhI saMgha ke prati aTUTa zraddhA khaNDita hotI thI tathA pariNAmasvarUpa saMghIya praznavyAkaraNa ke vartamAna saMskaraNa para prAkRta bhASA meM hI koI vyAkhyA vyavasthA ke lie apekSita dhArmika kaTTaratA aura AsthA Tika nahIM likhI gaI thI, jisameM do zrutaskandha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA gayA pAtI thii| isase dharmasaMgha ko khatarA thaa| puna: yaha yuga camatkAroM dvArA thaa| usakA kAla abhayadeva se 2-3 zatAbdI pUrva arthAt IsA kI logoM ko apane dharmasaMgha ke prati AkarSita karane aura unakI dhArmika 8 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga avazya rahA hogaa| puna: AcArya jinadAsagaNi zraddhA ko dRr3ha karane kA thA- cUMki tatkAlIna jaina paramparA ke sAhitya mahattara ne nandIsUtra para zaka saMvat 598 arthAt IsvI san 676 meM isakA abhAva thA, ata: use jor3anA jarUrI thaa| samavAyAMga meM I0 meM apanI cUrNI samApta kI thii| usa cUrNI meM unhoMne praznavyAkaraNa praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM usase bhI isa tathya meM paMcasaMvarAdi kI vyAkhyA hone kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai|26 isase kI puSTi hotI hai-usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki logoM ko bhI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki IsvI san 676 ke pUrva praznavyAkaraNa jinapravacana meM sthita karane ke lie, unakI mati ko vismita karane kA paMcasaMvaradvAroM se yukta saMskaraNa prasAra meM A gayA thA, arthAt AgamoM ke lie sarvajJa ke vacanoM meM vizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie isameM- ke lekhanakAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga sau varSa kI avadhi meM vartamAna mahApraznavidyA, manaHpraznavidyA, devaprayAga Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM avazya A gayA thaa| prastuta praznavyAkaraNa hai| yadyapi yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka ora nimittazAstra ko pApasUtra kI prathama gAthA, jisameM 'vocchAmi' kahakara grantha ke kathana kA nizcaya kahA gayA, kintu saMghahita ke lie dUsarI ora use aMga Agama meM sUcita kiyA gayA hai, kI racanA zeSa sabhI aMga AgamoM ke prArambhika sammilita kara liyA gayA, kyoMki jaba taka use aMga sAhitya kA kathana se bilakula bhinna hai| yaha 5vIM-6ThI zatAbdI meM racita granthoM bhAga banAkara jinapraNIta nahIM kahA jAtA taba taka logoM kI AsthA kI prathama prAkkathana gAthA ke samAna hI hai| ata: prastuta praznavyAkaraNa usa para Tika nahIM pAtI aura jinapravacana kI atizayatA prakaTa nahIM racanAkAla IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| hotii| ata: praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM parivartana karane kA doharA isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaha praznavyAkaraNa jisameM usakI lAbha thA eka ora anyatIrthika RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko usase alaga viSayavastu RSibhASita kI viSayavastu ke samarUpa thI, prAcInatama kiyA jA sakatA thA aura dUsarI ora usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI naI saMskaraNa hai jo lagabhaga IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanA hogii| sAmagrI jor3akara usakI prAmANikatA ko bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA phira IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja 81 vivaraNa jur3e jinakI sUcanA usake sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa se milatI taka praznavyAkaraNa ke uparyukta do prAcIna lupta saMskaraNoM kI hai| isake pazcAt IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM RSibhASita Adi bhAga viSayavastu kA prazna hai, usameM se prathama saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu alaga kiye gaye aura use nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA, samavAyAMga adhikAMza rUpa se evaM kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha vartamAna meM upalabdha kA vivaraNa isakA sAkSI hai| isa kAla meM praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI), uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga evaM jJAtAdharmakathA vAcanAbheda se aneka grantha astitva meM the aisI bhI sUcanA hameM Agama meM samAhita hai| dvitIya nimittazAstra sambandhI saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu, sAhitya se mila jAtI hai| lagabhaga IsA kI 6 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha jayapAyaDa aura praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se upalabdha anya nimittazAstroM meM ina granthoM ke sthAna para vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kA Azrava evaM ke granthoM meM ho sakatI hai| yadyapi isa sambandha meM vizeSarUpa se saMvara ke vivecana se yukta vaha saMskaraNa astitva meM AyA hai jo vartamAna zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| AzA hai vidvadjana isa dizA meM dhyAna meM hameM upalabdha hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNa kA antima saMskaraNa jahAM deNge| sandarbha paNhAvAgaraNesu advaittaraM pasiNasayaM attaraM apasiNasayaM adbhuttaraM bAhapasiNAiM addAgapasiNAI, annevi vicittA vijjAisayA, nAga-suvaNNehiM pasiNApasiNasayaM vijjAisayA nAga-suvannehiM saddhiM divva saMvAyA saddhiM divyA saMvAyA aaghvijjnti| aaghvijjNti| -samavAyAMgasUtra, 546 / paNhAvAgaraNANaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhejjA aNuogadArA, saMkhejjA vAgaraNagaMthAo pbhiti............| isibhaasiyaaii-31| veDhA, saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo nijjattIo, saMkhejjAo, paNhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA-uvamA, saMkha, saMgahaNIo, saMkhejjAo pddivttiio| isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI, mahAvIrabhAsiyAI, khomagapasiNaiM, se NaM aMgaTThayAe dasame aMge, ege suyakkhaMghe, paNayAlIsaM ajjhayaNA, komalapasiNAI, addAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, baahupsinnaaii| - paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, paNayAlIsaM samuddesaNakAlA, saMkhejjAI sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/116 payasahassAI payaggeNaM, saMkhejjA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA se kiM taM paNhAvAgaraNANi? paNhAvAgaraNesu aTThattaraM pasiNasayaM pajjavA, parittA tasA, aNantA thAvarA, sAsayakaDanibaddhanikAiyA adbhuttaraM apasiNasayaM, adruttaraM siNApasiNasayaM vijjAisayA nAga-suvannehi jiNapaNNattA bhAvA Aghavijjanti, paNNavijjanti, parUvijjanti, saddhiM divvA saMvAyA aaghvijjNti| daMsijjanti, nidaMsijjanti, uvdNsijjnti| paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya-parasamaya paNNavaya-patteabuddha- se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA evaM viNNAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNA vivihatthabhAsA-bhAsiyANaM aisayaguNa-uvasama-NANappagAra- AghavijjaI, sa taM pnnhaavaagrnnaaii| -nndiisuutr,54| AyariyabhAsiyANaM vitthareNaM, vIramahesIhiM vivihavittharabhAsiyANaM ca AkSepavikSepaiheMtunayAzritAnAM praznAnAM vyAkaraNaM praznavyAkaraNam, jagahiyANaM addAgaMguTTha-bAhu-asi-maNi-khoma-AiccabhAsiyANaM tasmillaukikavaidikAnAmarthAnAM nirnnyH|-tttvaarthvaartik, 1/20 vivihamahApasiNavijjA-maNapasiNavijjA-devayapayoga-pahANa-guNappagAsiyANaM (pR0 73-74) / sabbhUyaduguNappabhAva-naragaNamaivimhayakarANaM aisayamaIyakAlasamaya akkhevaNI vikkhevaNI saMveyaNI NivveyaNI cedi cauvihAo dama-sama-titthakaruttamassa ThiikaraNakAraNANaM durahigama-duravagAhassa kahAo vaNNedi tattha akkhevaNI nAma chaddavva-Nava payatthANaM sarUvaM savvasavvannusammaassa abuha-jaNa-vibohaNakarassa paccakkhayapaccayakarANaM digaMtarasamayAMtara-NirAkaraNaM muddhiM kareMtI pruuvedi| paNhANaM vivihaguNamahatthA jiNavarappaNIyA aaghvijjti| vikkhevaNI NAma parasamaeNa sasamayaM dUsaMtI pacchA digaMtarasuddhiM karatI paNhAvAgaraNesuNaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhejjA aNuogadArA, saMkhejjAo sasamayaM thAvaMtI chaddavvA-Navapayatthe pruuvedi|| paDivattIo, saMkhejjA veDhA, saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo saMveyaNI NAma punnnnphlsNkhaa| kANi puNNaphalANi? titthayaranijjuttIo, saMkhejjAo sNghnniio| gnnhr-risi-ckkvtttti-bldev-sur-vijjaahrriddhiio| se NaM aMgaTThayAe dasame aMge, ege suyakkhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, NivveyaNI NAma paavphlsNkhaa| kANi pAvaphalANi? Niraya-tiriyapaNayAlIsaM samuddesaNakAlA, saMkhejjANi payasayasahassANi payaggeNaM kumANusajoNIsu jAi-jarA-maraNa-vAhi-veyaNA- daaliddaadiinni| pnnnnttaaii| saMkhejjA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA pajjavA, parittA saMsArasarIrabhogesu veragguppAhaNI nnivveynniinnaa........| tasA, aNaMtA thAvarA, sAsayA kaDA NibaddhA NikAiyA jiNapaNNattA paNhAo hada-naTTha-muTThi-ciMtA-lAhAlAha-suha-dukkha-jIviya- maraNabhAvA AghavijjaMti paNNavijjaMti parUvijjati nidaMsiJjati uvdNsijjNti| se evaM AyA, se evaM NAyA, evaM viNNAyA, evaM caraNa-karaNaparUvaNayA jaya-parAjaya-NAma-davvAsu-saMkhaM ca pruuvedi| aaghvijjNti| se taM paNhAvAgaraNAI 10 / -dhavalA,pustaka 1, bhAga1, pR0 107-8 / -samavAyAMgasUtra, 546-549 / 8. vAgaraNagayAA pAbhAta jAva sAAmatta ima ajjhayaNa tAva imA bAA 5. se kiM taM paNhAvAgaraNAiM? paNhAvAgaraNesa NaM-aTThattaraM pasiNasayaM, pADho dissati, taMjahAH adbhuttaraM apasiNasayaM, aTThattara pasiNApaNisayaM, taMjahA-aMguTThapasiNAI, -isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31|
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 9. navavihe pAvasuyapasaMge paNNatte, taM jahA uppAe, nemittae, matte, Aikkhae, tigicchiie| kalAvaraNa-annANe, micchaapaavynnttiy|| - sthAnA~ga, sthAna 9 10. patteyabuddhamisiNo bIsaM titthe aritttthnnemiss| pAsassa ya paNNarasa vIrassa viliinnmohss|| - isibhAsiyAI, paDhamA saMgrahaNI, gAthA, 1 11. coyalIsaM ajjhayaNA isibhAsiyA diyalogacuyA bhAsiyA pnnnnttaa| . - samavAyAMgasUtra, 44/258 12. aMgaTThAe dasame aMge, ege suakhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM ajjhynnaa| -nndiisuutr-54| 13. (ka) padaggaM bANautiMlakkhA solasa ya shssaa| - nandIcUrNi, pR070| (kha) dvinavatilakSANi SoDaza ca shsraanni| 14. paNhavAyaraNo NAma aMga tennudilkkh-solsshsspdehi| -dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 104 15. samavAyAMga, 547 16. samavAyAMga, 547 17. praznavyAkaraNa, jayaprAbhRta, (grantha0 228), jaina granthAvalI, pR0355| (a) cUDAmaNivRtti (grantha 2300), pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR0 8 (ba) lIlAvatI TIkA, pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR0 8 evaM inTroDakzana, 20. mahamAhappuppAya, bhuvaNabbhaMtarapavaMta (vatta) vaavaarN| aisayapuNNaM NANaM, paNhaM jayapAyaDaM vocchN|| -praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram 3 / 21. nssttmusstticintaa-laabhaalaabh-sukh-duHkh-jiivit-mrnnaabhivyjNktvm| -praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram, ttiikaa| tulanIya- paNhAdo hada-naTTha-puTThi-ciMtA-lAhAlAhasuha-dukkha-jIviyamaraNa-jatha-NAma-davvAyu-saMkhaM ca pruuvedi| -dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 107-8 22. praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittshaastrm| - prakaraNa 14, 17, 21, 38 / 23. (a) atizayAnAM pUrvAcAryairedaMyugInAnAmapuSTAlambanapratiSevipuruSApekSa yottaarittvaaditi| - praznavyAkaraNavRtti (abhayadeva) praarmbh| (ba) pUrvAcAyairedaMyugInapuruSANAM tathAvidhahInahInatarapANDityabalabuddhivIryApekSayA puSTAlambanamuddizya praznAdividhAsthAne paMcAzrava-saMvararUpaM smuttaaritm| -praznavyAkaraNa TIkA (jJAnavimala), praarmbh| 24. (a) praznAnAM vidyAvizeSANAM yAni vyAkaraNAni teSAM pratipAdanaparA dazA dazAdhyayanapratibaddhAH granthapaddhataya iti prshnvyaakrnndshaa:| ayaM ca vyutpattyartho'sya puurvkaalebhuut| idAnIM tvaashrvpNcksNvraapNckvyaakRterevehoplbhyte| -- praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva) praarmbh| (ba) praznA: aMguSThAdipraznavidyA vyAkriyante abhighIyante asminniti praznavyAkaraNam etAdRzaM puurvkaale'bhuut| idAnIM tu Azrava-saMvarapaMcakavyAkRtireva lbhyte| -praznavyAkaraNa TIkA (jJAnavimala) praarmbh| 25. zakarAjJo paMcasu varSazateSu vyatikrAnteSu aSTanavateSu naMdyadhyayanacUrNI smaaptaa|| -nandIcUrNi (praakRt-ttekstt-sosaayttii)| pAThAntara-sakarAkrAnteSu paMcasu varSazateSu nandyadhyayanacUrNI smaaptaa|| -nandIcUrNi (RSabhadeva kezarImala, rtlaam)| 26. tamhi paNhAvAgaraNe aMge paMcAsavadArAI vA vyAkhyeyAH parappavAdiNo y| -NaMdIttacUNNi, pR0 69 / pR06| (sa) pradarzanajyotirvRtti, pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR0 8 evaM inTroDakzana, pR06| bRhadvRttiTippaNikA (jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, pUnA 19:5, kramAMka 560), jaina granthAvalI, pR0 355 / -jinaratnakoza, pR0 274 18. jinaratnakoza, pR0 274 /