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________________ prAkRta vyAkaraNA ke. Ara. candra vidyAbhyasanI pU. paMDitajIe jIvananA aMta sudhI eka tejasvI vidyAthI', kuzaLa adhyApaka ane sazASaka tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI che. teo jaina dharma ane jaina Agama nA prakAMDa vidvAna hatA. vidyAnA anya kSetrAmAM paNa teoe ghaNu' kAma karyuM che. prAkRtavyAkaraNanA kSetramAM temanuM je pradAna che te viSe ahIM kaMIka kahevAnuM che eTale A vyAkhyAna teTalA pUratuM ja maryAdita che. pU. pa`DitajIe I. sa. 1911 thI 1978 sudhI ApaNane prAkRta-vyAkaraNanA je traNa graMthA ApyA te A pramANe che : 1. prAkRta mArgApadezikA (1911) ra. prAkRta-vyAkaraNa (1925) 3. hemaca`draviracita siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana laghuvRtti, adhyAya 8 (1978) A traNeya prathAnI je je viziSTatAe tarI Ave che te ApanI samakSa rajU karavA rA lauM chuM. 1. prAkRta mArgapadezikA (1911) pUjya pa`DitajIe navA jamAnAnA vidyAthI Ane prAkRtabhASAnu jJAna Adhunika paddhatithI saraLa rIte paheAMcADavA mATe je pahela karI che te kharekhara abhinaMdanIya che, sauMskRta bhASA zIkhavA mATe Adhunika paddhatithI lakhAyelA aneka graMthA pahelAMthI upalabdha hatA paraMtu prAkRta bhASA zIkhavA mATe evA kAI graMtha maLatA naheAtA. A UNapane lIdhe paMDitajI prAkRta bhASA viSe kaMIka navIna paddhatithI lakhavA mATe prerAyA. banArasamAM paMDitajI eka pratibhAzALI vidyArthI tarIke prasiddhi pAmyA hatA ane tethI eka saMzAdhana chAtra tarIke kArya karIne 'prAkRta mArgApadezikA' nAmanA graMthanI teoe racanA karI, A graMtha I. sa. 1911mAM prakAzita thayA. enI bhASA gujarAtI che paNa lipi devanAgarI che. tenI vizeSatA e che ke eka paNa saskRta sUtra ApyA vagara svataMtra rIte prAkRta bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa vyavasthita rIte samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. vaLI anuvAda mATe prAkRta ane gujarAtInA judA judA phakarA ApelA che. amuka jagyAe kasATI mATe prazno paNa ApyA che. dareka pAThamAM judA judA nAmika zabda, vizeSaNA ane kriyAnA dhAtue gujarAtI artha sAthe ApyA che jethI vidyAthInI zabdasamRddhi uttarazattara vadhatI rahe, graMthanA aMtamAM akArAdi kramathI lagabhaga 2000 zabdonI yAdI gujarAtI artha sAthe ApavAmAM AvI che. A graMtha prakAzita thayA te pahelAM Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAmAM prAkRta vyAkaraNane lagatA ekeya graMtha prakAzamAM AvyA hAya ema ANavA maLyuM nathI. enI upayeAgitA eTalI badhI puravAra thaI ke A graMthanI pAMca gujarAtI AvRttio ane eka hindI AvRtti prakAzita thaI cUkI che. prathama AvRttimAM mAtra 175 pAnAM hatAM jyAre ceAthI AvRtti 388 pAnAMvALI che jemAM badhI bALatA viSe vistArapUrvaka carcA karavAmAM AvI che. emAM dareka udAharaNanI sAthe saMskRta rUpe joDavAmAM AvyAM che ane pATippaNAmAMsa skRta ane navIna bhASA sAthe sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM
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________________ prAkRta vyAkaraNa AvI che. graMthanA aMtamAM prAkRta zabda-koSa judA judA mathALA heThaLa ApavAmAM Avyo che ane prAkRta zabdonI sAme saMskRta zabda paNa ApyAM che. A cothI AvRttinI bhUmikAmAM ardhamAgadhI bhASA, lokabhASA, vidvabhASA, bhASAnA prAMtika bhede, avestAnI bhASA vagere sAthe prAkRta bhASAnI tulanAtmaka dRSTie carcA karavAmAM AvI che. je bhASAnA vidyArthIo mATe bahu upayogI gaNAya. pAMcamI AvRttinI eka vizeSatA e che ke emAM pAdaTipaNemAM hemacandranA mULa sUtro TAMkavAmAM AvyA che. saMskRta jANanAra hemacandranA mULa vyAkaraNa graMthathI prAkRtano abhyAsa karI zake che paraMtu saMskRtabhASAthI anabhijJa Ajane vidyAthI "prAkRta mArgo padezikA'nA mAdhyamathI prAkRtanuM saMpUrNapaNe adhyayana karI zake che. e A graMthanI vizeSa upayogitA che. Ama mAhitIsabhara A graMtha Aje paNa bahu upayogI che. Aja sudhI prAkRta bhASAnA aneka vyAkaraNe prasiddha thayAM che paNa paMDitajInA graMthanI je vizeSatAo che te koI paNa rIte gauNa thavA pAmI nathI ane Aje paNa emane A graMtha sarvoparitA dharAve che ema kahevuM ayogya nahIM gaNAya. 2. prAkRta vyAkaraNa (1925) prAkRta mArgopadezikAranI racanAnA 14 varSa pachI paMDitajIne bIje graMtha "prAkRta vyAkaraNa prakAzita thayo. AjhAdInI laData daramyAna ApaNI saMskRtinA gauravasamA saMskRta, pAli, prAkRta sAhityane prakAzamAM lAvavA mATe gUjarAta vidyApIThanA eka aMga rUpe purAtattva maMdire mahattvapUrNa sAMsakRtika pravRtti zarU karI. emAM aneka mahArathIo bhegA maLIne kAma karavA lAgyA. badhAnI preraNAthI paMDitajI laMkA jaI pAli bhASA ane sAhityanuM adhyayana karI AvyA. tyAra pachI pAli-prAkRta bhASA ane sAhityane prakAzamAM lAvavAnI yojanA heThaLa teoe "prAkRta vyAkaraNa" nAmane A graMtha taiyAra karyo ane I. sa. 1925mAM enuM prakAzana thayuM. "prAkata mArgopadezikA" nAmane graMtha vidyArthIo mATe lakhAyo hato jyAre "prAkata vyAkaraNa" vidyArthIo, adhyApaka ane saMzodhako mATe lakhAyuM che. emAM badhI prAkRta bhASAonI sAthe sAthe pAli ane apabhraMza bhASAnuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana rajU karavAmAM AvyuM che. graMtha gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyo hovA chatAM enI lipi devanAgarI che jethI gujarAta sivAyanA lokone paNa e upayogI thaI zake. prAraMbhamAM pa0 pAnanAM paricaya heThaLa vaidika rUpa ane pAli rUpo sAthe prAkRta rUponI tulanA karavAmAM AvI che. amuka dhAtvAdezo vaniparivartananA niyamothI badalAyelA rUpo ja che ema spaSTa samajUtI ApavAmAM AvI che, jema ke "eli' ane "saha" ne "Ali' ane "sUma'nA Adeza mAnavAne badale temanI utpatti AvalI ane zlekSaNamAMthI mAnavI joIe. ardhamAgadhI bhASAne ardhamAgadhI kahevI ke mAtra prAkRta ja kahevI enI carcA bahu vistArathI azokanA zilAlekha, pAli, prAcIna jaina ane jainetara prAkRta graMthomAMthI udAharaNa ApIne karavAmAM AvI che. A navIna paribhASAne lIdhe prAkRta mArgopadezikAnI pAMcamI AvRttimAM jyAM jyAM ardhamAgadhI zabda vaparAya che, tyAM tyAM prAkRta zabda mUkavAmAM Avyo che.
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________________ ke, Ara. caMdra A. hemacaMdranA prAkRta vyAkaraNane AdhAra laIne ja A graMtha lakhAya che paNa viSayono krama judI rIte goThavAyo che. badhI prAkRta bhASAonuM juduM juduM vyAkaraNa ApavAne badale badhI bhASAonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana rajU karavAmAM AvyuM che. avani parivartananA muddAo akArAdi krama pramANe goThavyA che. rUponI carcA sAmAnya ane vizeSa tathA niyamita ane aniyamita zIrSaka heThaLa karavAmAM AvI che. apavAda rUpe AvatAM amuka rUpo prAcIna graMthamAMthI udAharaNa ApI ane jarUra pramANe vaidika rUpo sAthe sarakhAmaNuM karIne samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAmAM tulanAtmaka paddhatithI lakhAyelA prAkRta vyAkaraNanA A graMthanuM sthAna sau prathama gaNAya che, je graMtha AjathI 50 varSa pahelAM prakAzita thayo hato. pizalanuM prAkRta vyAkaraNa enA karatAM 25 varSa pahelAM (I. sa. 1900) bahAra paDeluM paNa te jemana bhASAmAM hatuM ane enI aMgrejI ane hiMdI AvRttio to bahu meDI prakAzamAM AvI che. pizalanuM vyAkaraNa eka saMdarbha graMtha tarIke vadhAre upayogI che jayAre paMDitajIne vyAkaraNa graMtha vidyArthIo mATe vadhAre upayogI che. paMDitajInA graMthamAM pAli ane apabhraMzane paNa samAveza thayo che jayAre pizalanA graMthamAM A baMne bhASAo vize kaMI vizeSa carcA karAI nathI. sukumAra sena ane DI. sI. sarakAranA tulanAtmaka prAkRta vyAkaraNanA graMthe aMgrejImAM ane hiMdImAM prakAzita thayA che paNu paMDitajInA graMthanuM sthAna prathama hevAne kAraNe ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke prAkRta vyAkaraNanA kSetramAM emanuM pradAna AgavuM che. 3. hemacaMdra viracita siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana-laghuvRtti adhyAya-8 (1978) pU. paMDitajI dvArA racAyela A graMtha pahelA hemacandranA prAkRta vyAkaraNa upara je je vidvAnoe kheDANa karyuM che te A pramANe che : kRNu zAstrI mahAbalezvara (1873), pizala (jarmana bhASAmAM 1877), esa. pI. paMDita (aMgrejImAM 1900), pI. ela. vaidya (aMgrejImAM 1928, 1936 ane 1958). emAMnA amuka graMtha TippaNa vagara ane amuka TipaNe sAthe prakAzita thayA che. zAstrI narmadAzaMkara dAmodarabhAIne graMtha mULa tathA draDhikA nAmanI saMskRta TIkAnA gujarAtI anuvAda sAthe ( 1903 ) maLe che. upAdhyAya cAracaMdajI mahArAja (alabatta draDhikAne AdhAra laIne hiMdI anuvAda sAthe be bhAgamAM, 1964 ane 1968)nAM graMthamAM udAhaNa rUpe Apela dareka zabda ane rUpane jema draDhikAmAM che te ja rIte siddha karavAnA niyamo ApI samajUtI ApavAmAM AvI che. hemacaMdranA prAkRta vyAkaraNanA mAtra apabhraMza vibhAga upara je je vidvAnoe graMtha lakhyA che te A pramANe che: ke. kA. zAstrI (1949, 1960), ha. cU. bhAyANuM (1960). A banne graMtha gujarAtI anuvAda sAthe prakaTa thayA che. zAligrAma upAdhyAyane graMtha mAtra hiMdI anuvAda sAthe (1965) prakaTa thayo che. zAstrIjIe gujarAtI anuvAdanI sAthe sAthe udAharaNa rUpe AvatA dohA ane padyane dareka zabdanuM saMskRta rUpAntara ane amuka jagyAe samajUtI paNa ApI che. bhAyANIsAhebe prAraMbhamAM apabhraMza bhASA ane sAhityanA svarUpa vize ane hemacaMdrIya apabhraMza bhASAnI viziSTatAo vize mAhitI ApI che. teoe aMtamAM mahattvapUrNa TippaNe ApyAM che jemAM bhASAzAstrIya daSTie zabda ane rUponI vyutpattinI carcA karI che. vaidika ane arvAcIna bhASAenAM rUpo sAthe sarakhAmaNI karI che ane padyamAM vaparAyela che dezanI samajUtI paNa ApI che,
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________________ prAkRta vyAkarNA A traya graMthAmAM zabdasUryAM ane amuka graMthamAM mULa sUtro ane udAharaNa rUpe AvatAM padyonI anukramaNikA paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. paMDitajI dvArA saMpAdita graMthanI viziSTatAo paoNMDitajIne A graMthanuM kArya yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANu e dvArA ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM eTale A eka ucca kATinuM kArya gaNAya, graMthanuM prakAzana I. sa. 1978mAM thayuM che. A graMthanI je viziSTatAo jaNAI Ave che te A pramANe che: (1) pa"DitajI dvArA prAkRta vyAkaraNanA mULa sUtreAnI saMdhinA viccheda karavAmAM AvyA che jethI sUtreA saralatAthI samajI zakAya. A eka neAMdhavA jevI bAbata che ane paMDitajIe sau prathama evI pahela karI che. nIce thADAMka udAharaNa joIe, saMdhiyukta na suvarNa syAste / meAnusvAraH / vajrAdAvataH / sUtra-saMkhyA <-9-SS 8-1-23 8-1-2 8-2-144 8-3-13 8-4-2 8-4-12 katvastumaTMNu-tuANAH / ImamAmA ! katheva jajarapajajarAppAla :... nidrAtterAhIrAU (2) paMDitajIe mULa sUtreA uparanI sthApanatti tA nathI ApI paNa tene ane udAharaNa rUpe apAyelAM dyonA gujarAtI anuvAda ApyA che. mULa graMthamAM prAkRta zabda ane rUpA sAthe jyAM jyAM sauMskRta rUpAMtara nathI maLatAM tyAM tyAM saMskRta rUpAntara ane gujarAtI anuvAda paNa ApyAM che, jema ke nava, tAva mATe yAvat, tAt ; jaseA, tameA mATe yazasU, tamas; gAma' vasAmi nayara' na jima mATe grAma vasAmi, nagara" ta cAmi vagere. gujarAtI anuvAda ApavAthI AjakAlanA vidyArthI saraLatAthI samajI zakaze. A hetu siddha thayA che. sadhi vagera na I-u (yu) nasya astre ! maH anusvAraH vakrAdo antaH / kaH tum-ata-tUhA-tuANIH | ISNum-am-AmA / kathe; vajajara-pujajara-upAla:... nidrAteH AhIra-ujjai ! (3) amuka jagyAe prAkRta zabdanI sarakhAmaNImAM saMskRta zabdo ApavAthI mATA lAbha thayA che, jema ke sUtra 8-1-ra4 6 vA svare matsya ' pramANe antya 'm' athavA anya vyaMjananA anusvAra thAya che. ahIM aneka udAharaNAmAM be udAharaNa '- IsM ' ane ' Ihaya' 'nA che paNu sarakhAmaNI rUpe saskRta rUpeAnA abhAvamAM spaSTa samajUtI thatI nathI. anya vidvAnee ane pizale paNa emanA mATe sauMskRta rUpe ApyA nathI; jyAre paDitajIe prathama rUpa mATe Rdhaka' anebIna mATe 'Rdhakaph * ApIne ApaNAM jJAnamAM vadhAro karyo che ane prAkRta rUponI utpattinA spaSTa khyAla ApyA che. A banne saMskRta zabdonA upayeAga vaide sudhI ja maryAdita rahyo che ane pachInA saMskRta sAhityamAM emane prayoga thayA nathI. enA uparathI spaSTa jANI zakAya ke prAkRta bhASAnI utpatti ziSTa sauMskRtamAMthI thaI hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. (4) mULa graMthamAM AvatA udAharaNNA viSe jyAM jyAM jarUrI lAgyuM tyAM tyAM paMDitajIe samajUtI ApI che ane AlecanA paNa karI che, jema ke sUtra naM. 8-1-17 pramANe 'kSup ' nA
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________________ ke. Ara. candra - anya vyaMjana "dhune "hA " thAya che ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che paNa paMDitajIe "kSudhA "nA dhA mAMthI ja sIdho "hA" thAya che evI neMdha ApI che. mULa sUtra 8-1-67 pramANe amuka zabdamAM "Ane "a" thAya che ane udAharaNa rUpe "kumAra" ane "kumAre " ApavAmAM AvyA che. paraMtu paMDitajIe "zabdanAkara'mAM "kumara' zabda paNa maLe che evI spaSTatA karI che. (5) koIka jagyAe mULa sUtranI vRttimAM kaMIka rahI javA pAmyuM hoya te paMDitajIe tenI pUrti paNa karI che. jema ke saMbaMdhaka bhUtakRdaMta (sUtra 8-2-146)nA pratyayomAM "uANu" pratyaya rahI gayo che. jo ke udAharaNomAM to "uANa vALA rUpa apAyAM che. evA sthaLe paMDitajIe gujarAtI anuvAdamAM "uANa" pratyaya ApIne kSatinI pUrti karI che. (6) paMDitajIe amuka pATha sudhArAo paNa sUcavyA che. satra naM. 8-4-60 pramANe "bhU" dhAtune badale "he ', "hura" ane "hava" evA traNa vikalpo ApavAmAM AvyA che. enI sAthe sAthe "bhUtama 'nA badalAmAM "bhAM' prAkRta rUpa ApavAmAM AvyuM che ane "bhatta'nA pAThAMtara rUpe "bhutta' rUpa maLe che. enA viSe paMDitajIe ema sUcavyuM che ke "bhuttane pATha ja svIkArya che jyAre "bhAM' pAThAMtaramAM mukAvuM joIe. dhvani parivartananA niyamonI daSTie paMDitajInuM sUcana kharekhara sAcuM che, kAraNa ke dIrdha svarane hasva karavAmAM Ave to e pachIno asaMyukta madhyavatI vyaMjana dhitvamAM pariName che. (7) paMDitajIe amuka zabdo mATe judA pAThonI saMbhAvanA karI che jema ke "dhuDa% (4-4442) mATe 'dhaDukka'=dhAMdhala, dhamAla je yogya lAge che. (8) dhAtvAdeza rUpe AvatA amuka zabda davani parivartananA niyamothI badalAyelAM tadabhava rUpa ja che ema paMDitajIe samajUtI ApI che, jema ke sUtra naM. 8-4-2 pramANe "kad' nA Adeza rUpe ApelA vajajara ane pajajaranI utpatti "vyucara' (vi-uta-cara) ane "prAcara (pra-uta-cara)mAMthI thaI hoya ema darzAvyuM che. "saMgha"nI utpatti "saMkhyA mAMthI (aghoSa vyaMjananuM gheSamAM parivartana) ane "cava'nI vaca mAMthI (varNa vyatyayanA niyama pramANe) batAvI che. sUtra naM. 8-4-4 pramANe jugusU'nA Adeza rUpe "guNa" Apela che; tenI utpatti " jugupsA" mATe vaparAtA "dhUNuM 'mAMthI samajAvI che, ghU , R=I ane gha=jha, ("ka" varganuM "ca" vargamAM parivartana). sUtra naM. 8-4-10 nA "pibane Adeza "pijaja' mAnavAne badale caturtha gaNu "pI"nA pIyate" rUpa parathI utpatti mAnavI joIe. sUtra naM. 8-4-13 pramANe "AIghu "ne "Aghe ne Adeza mAnavAne badale enI utpatti "AjivramAMthI mAnavI joIe (juo pizala 287 ane 483). (9) apabhraMza padamAM (sUtra naM. 8-4-395) AvatA be zabdo "jhalakuka" ane "adbhaDavanI utpatti "javalitaka" ane "abhyaTavraja" (abhi-aTa-vraja)mAMthI darzAvI che. (10) amuka arvAcIna zabdane vikAsa paNa samajAvavAmAM Avyo che, jema ke khAMguM (gujarAtI)nI khaDUga (khagna-khaMga-khAMga)mAMthI ane biTTI, beTTInI putrI (putrI-pittI-vittI-biTTI-beTTI)mAMthI. bAgaDoranI vaga ane dora (varga-vaga-vAga-bAga ane dera-Thera)mAMthI. jo ke arthamAM pheraphAra thaye ja che.
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________________ prAkRta vyAkaraNe (11) marAThI "kaThe', mAravADI "aThe', "kaThe', paMjAbI "iltha "kiltha" zabda elyu, "keltha'mAMthI, baMgAlI "kinanA " "kiNaI' (kaNAti), hiMdI "bikanA" vikikaNuI ( vikrANAti) ane gujarAtI "kharIda" karIta ( krIta )mAMthI vikaselA che ema samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che. (12) apabhraMza bhASAnA vyAkaraNamAM che bhAyANanI upalabdhio paMDitajIe pitAnA graMthamAM samAvI levAnuM mAMDI vALyuM hoya ema lAge che. amuka jagyAe pAThabheda ane mULa zabda viSe teo bhAyANI karatAM judA paDe che, jema ke bhAyANuM "kacca" (kavacita ) jayAre paMDita 'kacu'(kAmya) Ape che ane " ThA" zabda mATe bhAyANI "sthAma" Ape che te paMDitajI " sthAya Ape che (satra naM. 4-329 ane 4-332 ). (13) graMthanA aMtamAM chelle sUtronI, padonI ane zabdonI anukramaNikA ApavAmAM AvI heta to A graMtha saMzodhake ane adhyayana karanArAo bane mATe vadhAre upayogI thayo heta. A eka khAmI rahI gaI che ema lAgyA vagara rahetuM nathI. yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa beDe AvA ucca kakSAnA graMthe mATe A daSTi dayAnamAM rAkhavI joIe ema bhalAmaNa karIe te ajugatuM na kahevAya. pU. paMDitajInI prAkRta bhASAmAM gati ane vidvattA, emanA dvArA thayela saMzodhana ane sAhitya racanAthI sAcuM ja kahevuM paDaze ke teo prAkRtanA kSetramAM eka yugapuruSa hatA. teoe prAkRtanI je sevAo karI che te cirasmaraNIya raheze. chelle ApaNuM mudraNa paddhatinI je kSatio che te A graMthamAM paNa jovA maLe che. zuddhipatraka adhuruM che, pAnAM naM. 407 thI 416 sudhI ja zuddhipatraka apAyuM che jyAre saMpUrNa graMthamAM 511 pAnAM che. zaddhipatrakamAM paNa amuka jagyAe bhale rahI javA pAmI che, jema ke paristhApita mATe paristhApita ane ajita mATe ajitta vagere.