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________________ --*-- prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA mahatva D DaoN0 udayacandra jaina, prAdhyApaka, jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura prAkRta sAhitya kI lokapriyatA usake sarvotkRSTa kathA-sAhitya ke Upara Azrita hai| mAnava-jIvana kA sahaja AkarSaNa isI vidhA para hai kyoMki kathA-sAhitya meM mAnava-jIvana ke satya kI abhivyaMjanA, kalA-mAdhurya aura utkaNThA ko sArvabhaumatA spaSTa rUpa se jhalakatI hai| mAnava ko susaMskRta saMskAroM ke sAtha ullAsa bharI dRSTi isI se prApta hotI hai jaba hama apanI dRSTi sImita kSetra ko chor3akara unmukta pakSI kI taraha phailAte haiM, taba hameM prAcInatA meM bhI navInatA kA abhAsa hone lagatA hai| jise Aja hama prAcIna kahate haiM, vaha kabhI to navIna rUpa ko lie hogI / Aja jo kucha hai, vaha pahale nahIM thA, yaha kahanA mAtra hI ho sakatA hai jo Aja hamAre susaMskRta evaM dhArmika vicAra haiM, ve saba prAcInatA evaM hamArI saMskRti ke hI dhotaka haiN| mAnava ke hRdaya parivartana ke liye kathAnakoM kA hI mAdhyama banAyA jAtA hai| upaniSad, veda, purANoM meM jo AkhyAna haiM, ve nizcita hI gUr3hArtha kA pratipAdana karate haiM / purANa - sAhitya kA vikAsa vedoM kI mUlabhUta kahAniyoM ke AdhAra para huA hai| paMcatantra, hitopadeza, bRhatkathAmaMjarI, kathAsaritasAgara Adi saMskRta AkhyAna evaM bauddha-jAtakakathAe~ vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI haiN| phira bhI prAkRta kathA sAhitya ne jo kathA-sAhitya ke vikAsa meM yogadAna diyA yaha kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| prAkRta kathA sAhitya bahumukhI kAraNoM ko liye hue hai| jaina Agama paramparA kA sAhitya kathA evaM AkhyAnoM se bharA huA hai / nAyAdhammakahA, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDa, anuttaropAtika, vivAgasutta Adi aMga granthoM kI samagra sAmagrI vAtmaka hai| isake atirikta ThANAMga, sUyagaDaMga Adi aneka rUpaka evaM kathAnakoM ko lie hue siddhAnta kI bAta kA vivecana karate haiM, jo prabhAvaka evaM mAnava jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie atyanta mahatvapUrNa mAne gaye haiN| prAkRta kathA sAhitya IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se satrahavIM zatAbdI taka prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA vizeSa vivecana ke sAtha nirmANa hotA rahA hai / Aja prAkRta kathA sAhitya itane vipula rUpa meM hai ki isake zodha ke 100 varSa bhI kama par3a jaayeNge| isa sAhitya meM samAja, saMskRti, sabhyatA, rAjanIti citraNa, mantra-tantra evaM Ayurveda Adi viSayoM kA vivecana paryApta rUpa meM prApta hotA hI hai sAtha hI premAkhyAnoM kI bhI adhikatA hai| kaI aise gambhIra hRdaya ko ota-prota karane vAle vicAroM kA bhI citraNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina prAkRta kathA-sAhitya anya kathA-sAhitya kI apekSA samRddha bhI hai| jaina kathA sAhitya meM tIrthaMkaroM zramaNoM evaM zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana kA citraNa to huA hI hai, parantu kathAnakoM ke sAtha AtmA ko pavitra banAne vAle sAdhanoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dhArmika kahAniyA~ prArambha meM atyanta romAMcakArI hotI haiM aura Age kathAnaka kI rocakatA ke sAtha duHkhapUrNa vAtAvaraNa se haTakara sukhapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM badala jAtI hai| pratyeka kathA kA kathAnaka ekAMgI na hokara bahumukhI hotA hai, jisameM bhUta, bhaviSyata aura vartamAna ke kAraNoM kA bhI spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| deza, kAla ke anusAra kathAnaka meM sAmAjika, dhArmika, aitihAsika, rAjanItika evaM prAkRtika citraNa kA bhI pUrNa samAveza dekhA jAtA hai, jisase hameM tatkAlIna vizeSatAoM kA bhI praryApta bodha ho jAtA hai /
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________________ prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA mahatva prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke pramukha grantha kAvya kI dRSTi se prAkRta kathA sAhitya ko bhI mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya aura muktakakAvya meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| paumacaritra, jaMvari pAsanAhacaria, mahAvIracaritra, supAsanAhacaritra sudaMsaNacaritra kumArapAlacari Adi mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM se pUrNa haiM / ina caritra -pradhAna kAvyoM meM prAMtaja, dezI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai tathA jisa prAnta meM kathA kAvyoM ko likhA gayA, usa prAnta kI saMskRti sabhyatA, rahana-sahana kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai / samarAiccakahA, NANapaMcamIkahA, AkkhANamaNikosa, kumAravAlapaDivoha, pAiakahAsaMggaha, malayasundarIkahA, sirIbAlakahA, kaMboDo, lIlAvaI, setubaMdha, vasudevaDI, Adi pramukha khaNDakAvya haiN| muktaka kAvya ke rUpa meM gAthA saptasatI kA vizeSa nAma AtA hai| ina sabhI kathA - kAvyoM meM tyAga, tapazcaryA, sAdhanA paddhati evaM vairAgya - bhAvanA kI pracuratA hai| ye sAdhana jIvana ke lie mahattvapUrNa kahe gaye haiN| isa mArga kA anusaraNa kara mAnava apane jIvana ko - samunnata banA sakatA hai / kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa prAkRta kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa viSaya, pAtra, zailI aura bhASA kI dRSTi se kiyA jA sakatA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se Agama granthoM meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArtha rUpa kathAoM ke bheda upalabdha hote haiM / dazakAlika meM 'atthakahA, kAmakahA, dhammaka hA ceva mIsiyA ya kahA' / arthAt 467 (1) arthakathA, (1) kAmakathA, (3) dharmakathA aura (4) mizritakathA -- ina cAra kathAoM aura unake bhedoM kA varNana dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai| samarAiccakahA meM arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA aura saMkIrNakathA kA ullekha AtA hai / AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa prathama parva meM ( zloka 118 - 119) meM dharma, artha aura kAma ina tIna puruSArtha rUpa kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki "dharmakathA AtmakalyANakArI hai aura yaha hI saMsAra ke bandhanoM se mukta kara sacce sukha ko pradAna karane vAlI hai|" artha aura kAma kathA dharmakathA ke abhAva meM vikathA kahalAyeMgI / DA0 nemicandra ne kathA sAhitya ke mahatva para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki "laukika jIvana meM artha kA pradhAnya hai| artha ke binA eka bhI sAMsArika kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai sabhI sukhoM kA mUlakendra artha hai ataH mAnava kI Arthika samasyAoM aura unake vibhinna prakAroM ke samAdhAnoM kI kathAoM, AkhyAnoM aura dRSTAntoM ke dvArA vyaMga yA anumita karanA arthakathA hai| artha kathAoM ko sabase pahale isIlie rakhA gayA hai ki anya prakAra kI kathAoM meM bhI isakI anviti hai" / " vidyA, zilpa, upAya ke lie jisameM varNana kiyA gayA ho, vaha artha kathA hai / kyoMki artha kI pradhAnatA arthAt asi masi, kRSi, vANijya, zilpa aura sevA karma ke mAdhyama se kathAvastu kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / premIpremikA kI AtmIyatA kA citraNa kAma - kathAoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| prema ke kAraNoM kA ullekha haribhadrasUri kI dazakAlika ke Upara likhI gayI vRtti meM kiyA gayA hai-- saI daMsaNAu pemmaM pemAu raI raIya vissaMbho / vissaMnA paNao paMcavihaM vaDDhae pemmaM // arthAt sadA darzana, prema, rati, vizvAsa aura praNaya-pA~ca kAraNoM se prema kI vRddhi hotI hai / pUrNa saundarya varNana (nakha se zikha kA) tathA vastra, alaMkAra, sajjA Adi saundarya ke pratIka haiM aura inhIM mAdhyamoM yA sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para kAmakathA kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / dharmakathA dravya kSetra, kAla, tIrtha, bhAva evaM usake phala kI mahattA para prakAza DAlatI hai / kSamA, mArdava, 1. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN0 nemicandra pR0 445. .
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________________ .468 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhindana grantha : paMcama khaNDa .-.-.-. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. ...marare.............................. Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura parigraha ina darzadharma rUpa sAdhanoM kA vizeSa kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jIva ke bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa bhI dharmakathA kA mAdhyama hotA hai| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalATIkA meM AkSepiNI, vikSepiNI, saMvedanI aura nivedanI ina cAra prakAra kI dharmakathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| dazavakAlika meM ukta kathAoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| pAtra evaM caritra-citraNa ke AdhAra para prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM divyA, divyamAnuSI aura mAnuSI ina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| lIlAvaI' kathA meM divyamAnuSI kathA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| samarAiccakahA' meM bhI divvaM, "divvamANusaM, mANusaM ca' arthAt divya, divyamAnuSa aura mAnuSa ina ina kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA ina kathAoM meM se devacaritra vAlI kathAoM ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| divya-kathAoM meM divyaloka (deva-loka) ke pAtra hote haiM aura unhIM kI ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para kathA kA vistAra kiyA jAtA hai| divya-mAnuSa-kathA meM devaloka aura manuSyaloka ke pAtroM ke AdhAra para kathAnaka ko Adarza evaM sarvapriya banAyA jAtA hai| mAnuSa-kathA meM manuSya loka ke hI pAtra hote haiM / unake caritroM meM pUrNa mAnavatA kI jhalaka rahatI hai| zailI aura bhASA ke AdhAra para kautUhala kavi ne saMskRta, prAkRta aura mizra ina tIna rUpa meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM sthApatya ke AdhAra para pA~ca bheda kiye haiM-'sayalakahA, khaMDakahA, ullAvakahA, parihAsakahA / tahAvarA kahiyatti sakiNNakatti / ' arthAt sakalakathA, khaNDakathA, ullAsakathA, parihAsakathA aura saMkIrNakathA isameM bhI abhISTa phala kI prApti ke lie sakala kathA ko mahattvapUrNa batalAyA hai| isakI zailI mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM se yukta hotI hai| isameM zRgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasa meM se kisI eka rasa kI pramukhatA hotI hai| isakA nAyaka Adarza caritra vAlA hotA hai| khaNDakathA kI kathAvastu choTI hotI hai| isameM eka hI kathAnaka prArambha se anta taka calatA rahatA hai| ullAsakathA meM nAyaka ke sAhasika kAryoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| parihAsa kathA hAsya-vyaMgya se paripUrNa zrotAoM ko ha~sAne vAlI hotI hai| mizra-kathA meM aneka tattvoM kA mizraNa hotA hai, jo janamAnasa ke mana meM jijJAsA utpanna karatI rahatI hai| prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya kA dRSTikoNa jitane bhI Agama grantha haiM, una sabhI meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM hajAroM dRSTAntoM dvArA dhArmika siddhAntoM, AdhyAtmika tattvoM, nItiparaka vicAroM evaM gUr3ha se gUr3ha samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prApta ho jAtA hai| ye Agama grantha kathAnakoM se paripUrNa haiM, inake Upara likhI gayI niyukti, bhASya, cUNi Adi aneka kathAnakoM kA bhI citraNa karate haiN| Agama-grantha kevala dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika hone ke kAraNa mahattvapUrNa haiM hI, sAtha hI kathA-sAhitya ke vikAsa meM prAkRta sAhitya ke ina Agama granthoM kA aura bhI mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai| kyoMki pratyeka Agama maga kI nAbhi kI kasturI kI taraha hai| jo inakI gaharAiyoM meM praveza kara jAtA hai vaha apane vikAsa ke sAdhanoM ko avazya khoja nikAlatA hai / prAkRta-kathA sAhitya meM prayukta AkhyAna sajIva, manoraMjaka aura upadezapUrNa hai| AcArAMga meM mahAvIra kI jIvanagAthA kA varNana kiyA hai| sAdhanA, tapazcaryA evaM parISaha sahana kA mArmika citra par3hane ko milatA hai| kalpasUtra meM tIrthaMkaroM kI nAmAvalI kA ullekha hai| nyAyAdhammakahAo jo ki mUla rUpa se prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa grantha meM prathama zrutaskandha ke unnIsa adhyayanoM meM aura dUsare zrutaskandha ke dasa vargoM meM aneka aise kathAnaka haiM, jinheM par3hakara yA sunakara vyakti apane jIvana kI sArthakathA ko samajha sakatA hai| kUrma adhyayana 0 0 1 lIlAvaI-gA0 35 "taM jaha dibbA, taha divamANusI mANusI tahacceya 2 samarAiccakahA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana-DaoN0 jhanakU yAdava 3 DaoN. premasumana-kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, vaizAlI, 1975 .
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________________ prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA mahattva 466 ...................................... ....-. -. -.-. -. -. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-... meM paMcendriya gopana ke kAraNa kA nirdeza kiyA hai tathA isa udAharaNa dvArA yaha batalAne kI koziza kI hai ki jo caMcala kachue kI taraha indriyoM ko rakhatA hai, vaha nizcita hI mArA jAtA hai aura jo indriyoM ko vaza meM kiye hue rahatA hai, vaha mukti kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| tumbaka adhyayana meM aSTakarma ke viSaya meM samajhAyA gayA hai| jo karma se yukta rahatA hai, vaha bandhanoM se yukta rahatA hai, parantu jo bandhana tU bI para aSTalepa lage hone para bhI saMyama tapa Adi se una lepa ko dUra kara aSTa lepoM se rahita hokara tUMbI kI taraha Upara jAtA hai, vaha bandhanoM se chUTa jAtA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM saMvAda zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo apane Apa meM eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe aura sAtaveM adhyayana meM Ardra kumAra ke gozAlaka aura vedAntI tathA peDhAlaputra udaka ke gautama svAmI ke sAtha vArtAlApa kA ullekha AtA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM puNDarIka kA AkhyAna bahuta hI zikSApUrNa hai| uttarAdhyayana' meM aneka bhAvapUrNa evaM zikSApUrNa AkhyAna hai| prathama adhyayana meM vinaya kA AkhyAna Aja kI paramparA ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isake sabhI AkhyAna gahana-saiddhAntika tattvoM ko samAviSTa kiye hue padyazailI meM apane eka vizeSa Adarza ko prastuta karate haiN| rAjImatI aura rathanemi, kezIkumAra aura gautama, bhRguputra Adi ke saMvAda karNapriya ke sAtha atyanta prabhAvapUrNa hai| sanAtha aura anAtha kA parisaMvAda vizuddha AcAra kI zailI ko prakaTa karatA hai| zramaNa kI bhUmikA kyA, kaisI honI cAhie isakI samyaka vivecanA uttarAdhyayana ke pratyeka adhyayana meM samAviSTa hai| subhASita vacanoM se yukta gItA kI taraha uttarAdhyayana bhI vizuddha bhAvoM se paripUrNa grantha hai| dhammapada kA jo sthAna bauddhadharma meM hai vahI uttarAdhyayana kA jainadharma meM hai| zramaNa paramparA ke anuyAyI isakA adhyayana karate haiM aura isake dharma kA anusaraNa karate haiN| guhastha bhI isakA adhyayana karake apane jIvana ko mahattvapUrNa banA sakate haiN| prAkRta kathA sAhitya dhIre-dhIre Agama paramparA se haTakara sAhityika sarasa varNana ke sAtha ekarUpatA ke sthAna para vividhatA aura navInatA se yukta hokara mAnava-mana kA manoraMjana karane lgaa| pAtra, viSayavastu, vAtAvaraNa, uddezya, rUpagaThana evaM nIti-saMzleSaNa Adi kA prayoga aura bhI adhika rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA jAne lagA, jo atyanta hI vistRta rUpa se kathA-sAhitya ke vikAsa kA sAdhana bana gyaa| vizuddha kathA kA rUpa prathama taraMgavatI meM AyA hai / pAdalipta sUri ne isa kathA grantha kI racanA premakathA ke AdhAra para vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI zatI meM kI hai| vasudevahiNDI vasudeva ke bhramaNa evaM zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvanavRtta ke sAtha aneka manoraMjaka kathAnakoM se paripUrNa hai| haribhadrasUri' kI samarAiccakahA prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kI samRddhi kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / dhUrtAkhyAna isI lekhaka kI eka vyaMgapradhAna atyanta rocaka racanA hai, jisameM pA~ca dhUrtoM kI bAtoM kA AkhyAna atyanta hI romAMTika rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha apanI zailI kA eka viziSTa evaM anupama kathA grantha haiN| samarAiccakahA eka dharmakathA hai| jisameM AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se dharma kI vizeSatAoM kA paricaya diyA hai| nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke prema-kathAoM aura unake caritroM kA varNana bar3e hI mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| pahale kathAnaka prema rUpa meM pallavita hotA hai aura anta meM vahI kathAnaka saMsAra kI asAratA ko prakaTa karatA huA vairAgya kI ora mur3a jAtA hai / isake kathAnaka karmasiddhAnta aura punarjanma ke siddhAntoM kA bhI pratipAdana karate haiM / bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI isa kAvya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isakI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta bhASA hai aura kahIM-kahIM para zaurasenI hai| prAkRta kA bhI prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai / bhASA sarala evaM pravAhabaddha hai| 1. DaoN0 sudarzana jaina-uttarAdhyayana kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pra. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI 2. DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina-vasudevahiNDI kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, ahamadAbAda, 1976 3. DA0 nemicandra-haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana
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________________ +G 470 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa kuvalayamAlA, kathAkoSaprakaraNa, kahArayaNakosa, AkhyAnakamaNikoSa, kumArapAlapratibodha Adi kucha aise tha kAvya haiM, jo pratyeka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| sIlAvaI kA prema kathAkRti meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| samarAinbakahA aura lIlAvaIkahA kA sthAna eka ho hai| donoM hI apane kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa haiN| phira bhI donoM kI apanI-apanI vizeSatAeM haiN| kathAnaka donoM hI prema se prArambha hote haiM, parantu lIlAvaI pUrNa prema-paraka kathA kA rUpa lekara hI sAmane AtI hai| jabaki samarAiccakahA premAkhyAna ke sAtha dharmAkhyAna kI vizeSatAoM se bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / haribhadrasUri ne svayaM hI ise dharmakathA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA bhI aneka avAntara kathAoM se yukta hai isake kathAnaka dharmaparaka aura premaraka donoM rUpa haiM / isa kAvya ke kathAnaka kautUhala ke sAtha manoraMjana bhI karate haiM / prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya aura vaicArikoM kA dRSTikoNa DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne prAkRta-kathA ko loka kathA' kA Adi rUpa kahA hai / guNADhya kI bRhatkathA lokakathAoM kA vizvakoSa kahA jAtA hai / prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA mUla dhyeya aise kathAnakoM se rahA hai jo prabhAvaka ho tathA jIvana meM nayA mor3a utpanna kara ske| pAli kathA sAhitya bhI vistRta evaM vipulakAya hai, parantu sabhI kathAnakoM kA eka hI uddezya, eka hI zailI evaM eka hI dRSTikoNa punarjanma taka sImita hai / upadezapUrNa kathAnaka hote hue bodhisatva kI prApti ke kAraNa taka pAli hI kathA kI sImA hai / jabaki prAkRta kathA sAhitya janma-janmAntara ke sambandha ke sAtha saiddhAntika bhAvoM ko bhI gambhIratA ke sAtha prastuta karatA hai| prAkRta kathA kA vikAsa premakathA yA lokakathA ke sAtha hotA calA jAtA hai / pAtra ke caritra-citraNa kI vizeSatAkSoM ke sAtha naitika, saiddhAntika evaM dhArmika vicAroM ko pratipAdita karatA hai / DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina ne prAkRta jaina tathA sAhitya meM kathA sAhitya ke mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue likhA hai ki jaba mAnava ne lekhana kalA nahIM sIkhI thI, tabhI se yaha kathA-kahAniyoM dvArA apane sAthiyoM kA manoraMjana karatA AyA hai / pro0 harTale kA vicAra hai ki "kahAnI kahane kI kalA kI viziSTatA prAkRta kavAoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| ye kahAniyAM bhArata ke bhinna-bhinna varga ke logoM ke rasma-rivAja ko pUrNa sacAI ke sAtha abhivyakta karatI haiN| ye kathAe~ janasAdhAraNa kI zikSA kA udgama sthAna hI nahIM hai, varan bhAratIya sabhyatA kA itihAsa bhI hai / " viNTaranitsa ne likhA hai ki " prAkRta kA kathA sAhitya sacamuca meM vizAla hai / isakA mahattva kevala tulanAtmaka parika sAhitya ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie hI nahIM hai, balki sAhitya kI anya zAkhAoM kI apekSA hameM isameM janasAdhAraNa ke vAstavika jIvana kI jhA~kiyA~ bhI milatI hai| jisa prakAra ina kathAoM kI bhASA aura janatA kI bhASA meM aneka sAmya hai usI prakAra unakA varNyaviSaya bhI vibhinna vargoM ke vAstavika jIvana kA citra hamAre sAmane upasthita karatA hai / kevala rAjAoM aura purohitoM kA jIvana hI isa kathA sAhitya meM citrita nahIM hai, apitu sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kA jIvana bhI aMkita hai / * 1. zrI marudharakesarI abhinandana grantha, kathA khaNDa 2. prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya -- DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, 3. Ana dI liTarecara Apha dI zvetAmbarAsa Apha gujarAta, pR0 8 4. e hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 545
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________________ 471 isake atirikta DA. satyaketu, DA0 yAkobI, DA0 sI0 eca0 TAna, harTala, byUlhara, taissitori, Adi aneka 'vidvAnoM ne isa vidhA para paryApta kAma kiyA hai| pro0 zrIcanda jaina ne 'jaina kathA sAhitya : eka anudRSTi' meM kathA sAhitya ke vibhinna pahaluoM para vicAra karate hae likhA hai ki jaina kathAoM kI kucha aisI viziSTatAe~ haiM jinake kAraNa vizva ke kalAkAroM ne inheM pratyakSa evaM parokSa donoM rUpoM meM apanAyA hai|' DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne 'hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla' meM sAhitya kI sabhI vidhAoM para vicAra karate hae jaina kathAoM kI viziSTatA para likhA hai ki "jaina saMskRti ke mUla tattvoM ko anAvRtta karate hue eka aisI prAcIna paramparA kI ora saMketa karate haiM, jo kaI yugoM se bhAratIya jIvana ko prabhAvita kara rahI hai|" sabhI vizeSatAoM kA citraNa karatA hai / Aja jo bhI kathA sAhitya hai, cAhe kisI bhI bhASA kA kyoM na ho, use prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya se sarvaprathama yoga milaa| isIlie isa sAhitya ko kathA sAhitya ke vikAsa kA eka aMga mAnanA ati Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| 1. zrI marudharakesarI abhinandana grantha-kathA khaNDa