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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa rAma aura kRSNa aise vyaktitva haiM, jo yugoM-yugoM se bhAratIya janamAnasa ke zraddhA ke kendra rahe haiN| ina dAnoM vyaktitvoM ke jIvana caritroM ne bhAratIya dharma, sabhyatA aura saMskRti ko bahuta adhika Andolita aura prabhAvita kiyA hai| vaiSNavadharma ke udbhava evaM bhaktimArga ke vikAsa ke sAtha ye donoM vyaktitva adhikAdhika janazraddhA ke kendra banate cale ge| inake jIvana vRttoM para racita rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura bhAgavata bhAratIya paramparA ke aise grantha haiM, jo sabhI bhAratIya loka bhASAoM meM anudita haiM aura bhAratIya janasAdhAraNa ke dvArA atyadhika zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha par3he va sune jAte haiN| sAhityika rujhAna kI dRSTi se rAma ke caritra kI apekSA bhI kRSNa kA caritra pUrva madhya kAla meM adhika prabhAvI rahA hai| rAma ke caritra ko adhikAdhika lokavyApI banAne kA zreya gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke rAmacaritamAnasa ko hai| rAma sadAcAra sampanna, sanmArga saMrakSaka eka vIra puruSa haiM, jabaki kRSNa eka bahuAyAmI vyaktitva ke dhanI haiN| ve eka naTakhaTa bAlaka, rasika yuvA, dharma aura samAja ke saMrakSaka vIra puruSa, kuzala rAjanetA tathA dharma evaM adhyAtma ke upadeSTA prajJA puruSa sabhI kucha haiN| unake jIvana ke isa bahuAyAmI svarUpa ne unheM adhika prabhAvI banA diyA hai| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM kRSNa __jahAM taka jaina paramparA kA prazna hai, usane rAma aura kRSNa donoM ke kathAnakoM ko apane meM AtmasAta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA meM vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM (prAkRta), jinasena ke padmapurANa (saMskRta), raviSeNa ke padmacarita (saMskRta) evaM svayambhU ke paumacariu (apabhraMza) ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAnI aura hindI meM aneka grantha rAmakathA para milate haiM, kintu jaina Agama sAhitya meM jitanA vistRta vivaraNa kRSNakathA kA milatA hai utanA rAmakathA kA nahIM miltaa| jaina AgamoM meM rAma ke nAma nirdeza ke atirikta unake jIvanavRtta kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| jabaki kRSNa ke jIvanavRtta ke aneka ullekha unameM upalabdha haiN| jaina paramparA meM kRSNa kA jIvana caritra 22veM tIrthakara ariSTanemi ke jIvanacaritra ke sAtha jur3A hAne ke kAraNa hai, use rAma kI apekSA bhI Agama sAhitya meM adhika sthAna milA hai| Agama granthoM meM samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayana,
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________________ jJAtAdharmakathA, antakRtadazA, praznavyAkaraNa Adi AgamoM meM kRSNa sambandhI ullekha haiN| Agama sAhitya meM kRSNa ke caritra ko rAma ke caritra ke apekSA jo pramukha sthAna prApta huA hai, usakA kAraNa kevala yahI nahIM hai ki ve jaina paramparA ke 22veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI haiM, apitu unakA vAsudeva (arddhacakrI) honA bhI hai| jaina paramparA meM rAma evaM kRSNa donoM kI gaNanA zalAkA puruSoM meM kI gaI hai, kintu jahAM rAma ko baladeva ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai vahIM kRSNa ko vAsadeva ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| baladeva ke apekSA vAsadeva kA pada nizcaya hI adhika mahattvapUrNa kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vAsudeva zAsanasUtra kA svayaM niyAmaka hotA hai| jabaki baladeva mAtra usakA sahayogI / sAtha hI jaina paramparA meM kRSNa ko bhaviSya meM hone vAle 12veM tIrthakara ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura yaha satya hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara hI sarvocca vyaktitva hai| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki rAma ke apekSA kRSNa ne jainoM ko adhika prabhAvita kiyA hai| ___jahAM taka kRSNa ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM vistRta evaM svataMtra grantha kA prazna hai saMskRta evaM apabhraMza meM harivaMza purANa ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama aise svataMtra grantha likhe gye| kintu Age calakara riTThanemicariu, neminAhacariu, padumnacariu, kaNhacarita Adi aneka grantha likhe gaye jinameM kRSNa-kathA ko pramukha sthAna milA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM prAcInatama stara ke arthAt IsvI pUrva ke granthoM yathA- AcArAMga, RSibhASita, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika meM kRSNa ke jIvanavRtta kA hameM koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| RSibhASita meM vAriSeNa kRSNa ke upadezoM kA vivaraNa hai, kintu unakA devakI putra kRSNa se sambandha jor3a pAnA kaThina hai| mAtra uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke rathanemi (rahanemijja) nAmaka adhyayana meM rAjImati aura rathanemi ke kathA prasaMga meM zaurIpura nagara ke vasudeva nAmaka rAjA kI rohiNI aura devakI nAma kI rAniyoM ke putra ke rUpa meM kramaza: rAma aura kezava (kRSNa) kA ullekha hai| isa kathA prasaMga meM kezava ke dvArA rAjImati kA ariSTanemi se vivAha nizcita karane evaM ariSTanemi ke pravrajita hone para unheM zubhakAmanA preSita karane evaM vandana karane kA bhI ullekha hai| sambhavataH yahI eka aisA sAhityika prAcInatama AdhAra hai, jahAM kRSNa jaina paramparA meM sarvaprathama ullikhita hote haiN| yadyapi dvitIya stara ke Agama granthoM meM arthAt IsA kI prathama dvitIya zatAbdI meM nirmita Agama granthoM meM kRSNakathA kA dhIre-dhIre vistAra hotA
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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa : 99 / gayA hai| ina granthoM meM samavAyAMga pUrvabhAga ke 54veM samavAya meM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva evaM 9 vAsudeva ye 54 uttama puruSa hote haiM - mAtra yaha ullekha hai| yahAM inake nAmoM kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| kintu samavAyAMga ke hI aMtima bhAga meM baladevoM evaM vAsudevoM ke vartamAna bhava ke nAma, pUrva bhava ke nAma, nidAna kAraNa aura nidAna nagaroM ke nAma tathA unake mAtA-pitA, pUrva bhava ke dharmAcArya aura vartamAna bhava ke pratizatru (prativAsudeva) ke nAma Adi kA ullekha hai| isI prasaMga meM naveM vAsudeva ke rUpa meM kRSNa kA nAma AtA hai| kRSNa ke pitA ke rUpa meM vasudeva aura mAtA ke rUpa meM devakI kA ullekha yahAM bhI hameM prApta hotA hai| isI prasaMga meM sAmAnya rUpa se vAsudevoM aura baladevoM kI sampadA, zArIrika zakti, vyaktitva Adi kA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa carcA meM jo mahattvapUrNa ullekha hai vaha yaha ki baladeva kaTisUtra vAle nIle kauzeyaka vastra ko aura vAsudeva kaTisUtra vAle pItakoSeyaka vastra ko dhAraNa karate haiN| isI prakAra yahAM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki baladeva hala aura mUsala rUpI astroM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura vAsudeva zrRMga, dhanuSa, pAJcajanya zaMkha, sudarzana cakra, kaumudakI gadA, nandaka khaDga dhAraNa karate haiM aura unakA mukuTa kaustubhamaNi se yukta hotA hai| vaiSNava paramparA meM kRSNa aura baladeva kI vezabhUSA evaM Ayudha Adi kI jo carcA hai usase isa vivaraNa kI samAnatA hai| yadyapi hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ye sabhI ullekha samavAyAMga-satra ke aMtima bhAga meM pAye jAte haiM jo usake pariziSTa ke rUpa meM hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki inheM samavAyAMga meM bAda meM jor3A gayA hai| phira bhI vartamAna samavAyAMga kA jo kucha svarUpa hai, vaha IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI meM nizcita ho gayA thaa| ata: ye sAre vivaraNa unase prAcIna hI haiM, paravartI nhiiN| ata: yaha mAnane meM hameM Apatti nahIM honA cAhie ki yaha samagra vivaraNa hindU paramparA se prabhAvita haiN| kRSNa ke vyaktitva ke sambandha meM Agama sAhitya meM samavAyAMga ke pazcAt kRSNa kA jo prAcIna ullekha hameM prApta hotA hai, vaha hameM jJAtAdharmakathA meM milatA hai| vidvAnoM ne jJAtAdharmakathA ko lagabhaga IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI racanA mAnA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM kRSNa sambandhI ullekha usake zailaka evaM draupadI nAmaka adhyayanoM meM hai| yadyapi draupadI nAmaka adhyAya kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya to draupadI ke pUrvabhava evaM vartamAna bhava kA citraNa hai, kinta prasaMgavaza isameM kRSNa sambandhI aneka vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| vizeSa ullekhanIya yaha hai ki yahAM draupadI
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________________ 100 ke paoNca pati hone kI kathA ko svIkArate hue bhI usake vyaktitva kI cAritrika garimA ko banAye rakhane ke lie usake pUrvabhava kI kathA bhI jor3I gaI / kathA kA sArAMza yaha hai ki draupadI pUrvabhava meM apanI guruNI kI AjJA na mAnakara vanakhaNDa meM sthita ho ugra tapasyA karatI hai aura prasaMgavazAt vaha vahAM eka vezyA ko pA~ca premiyoM ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue dekhatI hai| usa samaya vaha yaha nizcaya kara baiThatI hai ki yadi merI tapasyA kA phala ho to mujhe bhI bhaviSya meM pA~ca patiyoM ke sAtha aisI krIr3A karane kA saubhAgya prApta ho| isa nizcaya (nidAna) kA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki use apane vartamAna bhava meM pA~ca pANDavoM kI patnI bananA par3atA hai| isa prakAra yahAM hindu paramparA meM pracalita draupadI kI kathA ko adhika susaMgata aura tArkika banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, tAki draupadI ke nirmala caritra ko binA kharoMca paha~cAye hI pA~ca patiyoM vAlI ghaTanA ko tarkasaMgata rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA ske| isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki yahA~ draupadI aura pA~ca pANDavoM ko jaina dharma kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM nArada ko asaMyamI parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM citrita karake jaina dharma kI anugAminI draupadI dvArA samucita Adara na dene kI ghaTanA kA bhI ullekha hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki jJAtAdharmakathA ke isa kathA prasaMga kI racanA ke samaya taka jaina saMgha meM dhArmika kaTTaratA kA praveza ho cukA thA kyoMki jahAM jaina paramparA ke prAcIna stara ke Agama grantha RSibhASita meM devanArada ko arhataRSi kahakara sammAnita DhaMga se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai vahAM isa kathA-prasaMga meM nArada ko asaMyamI, avirata aura kalahapriya tathA padmanAbha ke sAtha milakara draupadI ke apaharaNa kI yojanA banAne vAlA kahA gayA hai| ullekhanIya yaha bhI hai ki isa nArada ko kaDacchupa nArada kahA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha vivAdAspada hI hai ki RSibhASita ke devanArada aura jJAtA ke kar3acchapa nArada eka hI vyakti haiM yA alaga-alaga, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| draupadI ke isa kathA prasaMga meM prasaMgavaza pAMcoM pANDavoM, kuntI aura zrIkRSNa kA ullekha bhI hai| kathA ke anusAra draupadI kA padmanAbha dvArA apaharaNa ho jAne para pANDava cintita hote haiM tathA draupadI ko khojane meM zrIkRSNa ko hI samartha mAnakara apanI mAtA kuntI ko zrIkRSNa ke pAsa bhejakara draupadI kI khoja ke lie unase nivedana karate haiN| isameM kuntI ko kRSNa kI pitRbhaginI kahA gayA hai| kRSNa kuntI ko Azvasta karate haiM ki maiM draupadI kI khoja kruuNgaa| ve nArada se draupadI ke apaharaNa kI ghaTanA kI jAnakArI prApta karate haiM tathA pANDavoM ko yaha saMdeza dete haiM ki ve pUrva dizA meM gaMgA nadI aura samudra ke saMgama sthala para sasainya taiyAra hokara pahu~ce / kRSNa svayaM bhI sasainya vahAM pahuMcakara lavaNa samudra ke mArga se
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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa : 101 pANDavoM ke sAtha padmanAbha kI rAjadhAnI amarakaMkA pahuMcate haiN| isI prasaMga meM padmanAbha ke pAsa dUta kA bhejanA, padmanAbha se yuddha meM pANDavoM kA parAjita honA, anta meM zrI kRSNa dvArA padmanAbha ko parAjita karanA aura draupadI ko vApasa prApta karane ke ullekha haiN| isa kathA prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa ke puruSArtha aura parAkrama ke carcA ke sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI ullekha huA hai ki draupadI sahita pAMcoM pANDava aura zrIkRSNa jaba vApasa Ate haiM taba pANDava naukA dvArA pahale gaMgA pAra kara lete haiM, kintu gaMgA pAra karane ke lie zrI kRSNa ko vApasa naukA nahIM bhejate haiN| phalata: ve gaMgA nadI ko tairakara pAra karate haiM aura pANDavoM para kupita ho unheM deza nirvAsana kI AjJA dete haiN| pANDava kuntI ke pAsa pahuMcate haiM aura sArI ghaTanA use sunAte haiN| kuntI punaH kRSNa ke pAsa pahu~catI hai aura zrI kRSNa se apane putroM ke deza nirvAsana kI AjJA ko vApasa lene kI prArthanA karatI hai| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki vAsudeva ke vacana mithyA nahIM hote, ataH deza nirvAsana kI AjJA vApasa lenA sambhava nahIM hai| anta meM ve pANDavoM ko dakSiNa dizA meM jAkara samudra ke kinAre pANDu-madurA nAmaka nagara basAkara vahAM rahane kA Adeza dete haiN| yadyapi yahAM kucha bhaugolika asaMgatiyA~ parilakSita hotI haiM- prathama to yaha ki dakSiNa-madurA (madurAI) dakSiNa meM hokara bhI samudra ke kinAre nahIM hai, dUsare pUrvIya samudra taTa se lauTate hue mArga meM gaMgA kA par3anA Avazyaka nahIM hai| prastuta kathA-prasaMga zrIkRSNa ko pANDavoM kA mitra eka zUravIra yoddhA tathA dakSiNArdha bharatakSetra ke svAmI ke rUpa meM citrita karatA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahAM para zrIkRSNa aura pANDavoM ke caritra ke prasaMga meM mahAbhArata ke yuddha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| usake sthAna para amarakaMkA meM padmanAbha se hue yuddha kA citraNa hai, samAnatA mAtra yaha hai ki donoM hI yuddhoM kA kAraNa draupadI hai| jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai hindU paramparA meM kRSNa caritra ke carcA prasaMga meM kahIM bhI amarakaMkA ke padmanAbha ke sAtha unake yuddha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| mAtra yahI nahIM zrIkRSNa kA pANDavoM para kupita honA, unheM deza nirvAsana kI AjJA denA Adi prasaMga bhI anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hote| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki jJAtAdharmakathA meM kRSNa ke jIvana prasaMga ke ullekha mahAbhArata evaM zrImadbhAgavata meM kRSNa ke jIvana caritra ke ullekhoM se aneka dRSTi se bhinna aura prAcIna haiN| jJAtAdharmakathA ke hI pAMcaveM zailaka nAmaka adhyayana meM thAvaccAputra ke dIkSita hone ke prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa, unakI rAjadhAnI dvArikA aura unake parivAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki dvArikA nagarI pUrva-pazcima meM 12 yojana lambI aura uttara-dakSiNa meM 9 yojana caur3I thii| yaha kubera kI mati
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________________ 102 se nirmita huI thI / indra kI nagarI alakApurI ke samAna jAna par3atI thii| isa nagara ke bAhara uttara-pUrva dizA arthAt IzAnakoNa meM raivataka ( giranAra ) parvata thA tathA raivataka parvata aura dvArikA ke bIca meM nandanavana nAmaka udyAna thA / isa dvArikA nagarI meM kRSNa nAmaka vAsudeva rAjA rAjya karate the| isa nagara meM samudravijaya Adi dasa dazArha, baladeva, Adi pAMca mahAvIra, ugrasena Adi solaha hajAra rAjA, pradyumna Adi sAr3he tIna karor3a kumAra, zAmba Adi sATha hajAra durdAnta yoddhA, vIrasena Adi ekkIsa hajAra parAkramI, mahAsena Adi chappana hajAra balavAna puruSa, rukmiNI Adi battIsa hajAra rAniyAM, anaMga senA Adi aneka gaNikAeM bahuta se Izvara ( dhanADhya seTha), talavara (kotavAla), sArthavAha Adi nivAsa karate the| una kRSNa vAsudeva kA uttara dizA meM vaitADhya parvata paryanta tathA tInoM dizAoM meM lavaNa samudra paryanta zAsana thA / isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana mAtra kRSNa ke pArivArika evaM rAjakIya vaibhava kA citraNa karatA hai| yadyapi isa adhyayana meM do anya pramukha ghaTanAeM kRSNa ke jIvana se sambandhita haiM - prathama to yaha ki kRSNa ko jaba yaha jJAta hotA hai ki arhat ariSTanemi dvArikA ke bAhara udyAna meM padhAre haiM to ve apane samasta rAjya parivAra ke sAtha unake darzana ko jAte haiM tathA upadeza sunate haiN| ariSTanemi ke upadeza se thAvaccA nAmaka gAthApatnI ke putra ko vairAgya utpanna hotA hai| kRSNa usake vairAgya kI parIkSA karate haiM tathA atyaMta vaibhavazAlI abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava kA Ayojana karate haiN| vaise isa adhyAya meM zrI kRSNa kI rAjya sampadA tathA udAravRtti kA paricaya to milatA hai kintu unake jIvana prasaMgoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / jaina Agama sAhitya meM eka anya grantha praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM bhI kRSNa ke rAjya aura parivAra kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA ke zailaka adhyayana meM varNita kRSNa ke rAjya aura parivAra ke vivaraNa se praznavyAkaraNa ke vivaraNa kI tulanA karane para hameM kucha navIna sUcanAeM prApta hotI haiN| isameM kRSNa kI solaha hajAra rAniyoM kA ullekha hai / praznavyAkaraNa kA yaha vivaraNa jJAtAdharmakathA ke vivaraNa se isa artha meM vizeSatA rakhatA hai ki yahAM kRSNa ke jIvana ke saMdarbha meM hindU paramparA meM ullikhita anake ghaTanAoM kA ullekha huA hai| isameM kRSNa ke dvArA muSTika aura cANUra nAmaka malloM kA, riSTa nAmaka duSTa baila kA, kAliyA nAmaka nAga kA, yamunArjuna nAmaka rAkSasa kA, mahAzakuni aura pUtanA nAmaka do vidyAdhAriyoM kA tathA kaMsa aura jarAsaMdha nAmaka do zakti sampanna rAjAoM kA saMhAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai| praznavyAkaraNa meM kRSNa kA yaha jIvana-vRtta vistRta rUpa meM upalabdha hai /
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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa : 103 kRSNa ke jIvana prasaMgoM ke sandarbha meM adhika vistRta carcA karane vAle jaina Agama granthoM meM antakRtadazA mahattvapUrNa hai| yahAM smaraNIya hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu paryApta rUpa se parivartita ho gaI hai, kyoMki antakRtdazA kI viSayavastu ke sandarbha meM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra, tattvArtharAjavArtika, samavAyAMgavRtti, nandIcUrNi evaM aMgaprajJapti meM jo ullekha haiM, unameM paraspara bhinnatA hai aura antakRtdazA kI vartamAna viSayavastu se pUrNata: mela nahIM khaate| antakRtdazA meM kRSNa aura unake parijanoM kA ullekhayukta jo vivaraNa upalabdha huA hai vaha IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se adhika paravartI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki nandIsUtra meM antakRtdazA ke ATha vargoM ke aura nandIcUrNi meM prathama varga ke dasa adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai jo ki vartamAna antakRtdazA ke viSayavastu se samAnatA rakhatA hai| samavAyAMgavRtti meM bhI isake vartamAna svarUpa kA ullekha prApta ho jAtA hai| ataH nandI, nandIcUrNi aura samavAyAMgavRtti ke pUrva hI isako yaha svarUpa prApta ho gayA thA / aisI sthiti meM ise chaThI yA sAtavIM zatAbdI se adhika paravartI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| antakRtdazA ke ATha vargoM meM prathama pAMca varga aura unake unapacAsa adhyayana zrIkRSNa aura unake parijanoM se sambandhita haiN| prathama varga meM gautama, samadrasAgara, akSobha Adi dasa vyaktiyoM kA varNana hai| ina sabake pitA andhakavRSNi aura mAtA dhAriNI batAye gae haiN| andhakavRSNi kRSNa ke dAdA hote haiN| ata: isa AdhAra para ye sabhI kRSNa ke cAcA kahe jA sakate haiN| dUsare varga meM ATha adhyAya haiN| unameM se sAgara, samudra, acala aura akSobha ye cAra nAma pUrva varga meM bhI Aye haiN| zeSa cAra nAma himavanta, dharaNa, pUrNa aura abhicanda navIna haiN| inheM bhI andhakavRSNi kA putra kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra ye sabhI kRSNa ke cAcA mAne jA sakate haiM / ina donoM vargoM meM kevala ina sabake ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita hokara tapa sAdhanA karane kA ullekha hai| anya koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| tRtIya varga meM teraha adhyayana haiN| ina adhyayanoM meM se prathama cha: adhyayana aniyasena, anantasena, anahita, viddhata, devayaza ora zatrusena se sambandhita haiN| ye sabhI kumAra bhaddilapura nivAsI sulasA nAmaka gAthA patnI ke putra kahe gaye haiN| kintu isI varga ke AThaveM adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sabhI sulasA ke pAlita putra the| vastuta: ye sabhI devakI aura vasudeva ke hI putra haiN| isa prakAra zrIkRSNa ke sahodara the| inakA pAlanapoSaNa kyoM aura kisaprakAra sulasA ke dvArA huA yaha carcA hama bAda meM gajasukumAla kI kathA ke prasaMga meM kreNge| ina chahoM ke atirikta kRSNa ke anya sahodara gajasukumAla kA bhI vistRta varNana isa varga meM hai| gajasukumAla ke jIvanavRtta kI carcA hama Age svataMtra rUpa
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________________ 104 meM kreNge| isa varga meM anya jina vyaktiyoM kA ullekha hai unameM sArana, dAruka aura anAdhRSTi bhI haiM jo vasudeva aura dhAriNI ke putra the aura isaprakAra ve bhI anya mAtA se utpanna zrIkRSNa ke hI bhAI the| anya vyaktiyoM meM sumukha, durmukha aura kapadAraka ye tIna baladeva ke patra the aura ye tInoM zrIkRSNa ke bhatIje the| isa prakAra tIsare varga meM kRSNa ke dasa bhAiyoM aura tIna bhatIjoM kA ullekha hai| caturtha varga meM jo dasa adhyayana haiM unameM jAli, mayAli, upAli, puruSasena aura vAyusena ye pAMca vasadeva aura dhAriNI ke patra kahe gaye haiN| isa prakAra ye bhI zrIkRSNa ke bhAI the| pradyumna aura zAmba ye do kRSNa ke putra the| yadyapi inameM pradyumna kI mAtA rukmiNI aura zAmba kI mAtA jAmbavaMtI thiiN| aniruddha kumAra ko pradyumna aura vaidarbhI kA putra batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra aniruddha kRSNa ke pautra haiN| satyanemi aura dRr3hanemi samudravijaya aura zivAdevI ke putra kahe gaye haiN| ata: ye ariSTanemi ke sahodara aura zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI kahe jA sakate haiN| isa prakAra cauthe varga meM kRSNa ke do cacere bhAI, pAMca bhAI, do putra aura eka pautra kA ullekha hai| pAMcaveM varga meM 1. padmAvatI 2. gaurI 3. gAndhArI 4. lakSmaNA 5. susImA 6. jAmbavaMtI 7. satyabhAmA aura 8. rukmiNI - ina ATha kRSNa kI paTarAniyoM evaM mUlazrI evaM mUladattA nAmaka do putravadhuoM kA ullekha hai| ye sabhI rAniyoM dvArikA ke vinAza kI bhaviSyavANI sunakara ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita hone kA nirNaya karatI haiM aura zrIkRSNa samAroha pUrvaka unheM pravajyA grahaNa karavAte haiM / inameM mUlazrI aura mUladattA kRSNa aura jAmbavaMtI ke putra zAmbakumAra kI patniyAM arthAt zrIkRSNa kI putravadhue~ thiiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki antakRtdazA ke prathama pA~ca varga aura unake unapacAsa adhyAya zrI kRSNa ke parivAra se hI sambandhita haiN| antakRtadazA meM zrI kRSNa ke jina parijanoM kA ullekha haA hai unameM se aneka to aise haiM jinakA nAma hameM hindu paramparA ke anya granthoM meM mila jAtA hai| kintu unameM kucha aise bhI haiM jinakA ullekha hameM anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| cAhe ina sabhI nAmoM kI aitihAsikatA vivAdAspada ho, kintu isase kRSNa aura unake parijanoM kA jaina paramparA meM kyA sthAna hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| dvArikA ke vinAza evaM zrIkRSNa ke bhAvI tIrthakara hone kI bhaviSyavANI prastuta aSTama aMga Agama zrIkRSNa jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM kucha naI sUcanAeM bhI pradAna karatA hai| isameM dvArikA ke vinAza kI kathA eka bhinna DhaMga se citrita kI gaI hai| yadyapi usa para hindU paramparA kA spaSTa prabhAva bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| aMtakRtdazA ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ariSTanemi se dvArikA ke bhaviSya ke
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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa : 105 saMdarbha meM prazna pUchate haiN| apane parijanoM ko ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita hotA dekhakara unake mana meM eka AtmaglAni utpanna hotI hai ki maiM isa rAjya lakSmI kA tyAga karake prabhu ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa karane meM apane ko asamartha kyoM anubhava kara rahA hU~ tathA rAjya aura anta:pura meM gRddha banA huA huuN| ariSTanemi zrIkRSNa ke isa manobhAva ko jAnakara kahate haiM ki he kRSNA! sabhI vAsudeva rAjA nidAna karake janma lete haiM ata: unake dvArA pravrajyA grahaNa karanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| yahAM kRSNa ariSTanemi se apanI mRtyu aura bhAvI jIvana ke sambandha meM prazna karate haiM / ariSTanemi unheM batAte haiM ki yAdavakumAra madyapAna karake jaba dvaipAyana RSi ko kruddha kareMge, taba dvaipAyana RSi agnikumAra deva hokara isa dvArikA kA vinAza kreNge| usa samaya tuma apane mAtA-pitA aura svajanoM ke viyoga se duHkhI hokara balarAma ke sAtha dakSiNI samudra taTa kI ora pANDu-mathurA kI ora prasthAna kroge| rAste meM kauzAmbavana udyAna meM tama pItAmbara or3hakara sooge| usa samaya jarAkumAra mRga ke bhrama meM tuma para tIra claaegaa| usa tIra se viddha hokara tuma tIsarI pRthvI meM utpanna hooge| vahAM kI Ayu pUrNa kara isI jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM puNDra janapada kI zatadvArA nAmaka nagarI meM amama nAma ke bArahaveM tIrthakara hoge (draSTavya hai ki samavAyAMga-sUtra meM bhaviSyakAlIna tIthaMkaroM meM amama kA nAma 13vAM batAyA gayA hai)| zrIkRSNa dvArikA ke vinAza aura apanI mRtyu kI bhaviSyavANI sunakara dvArikA ke nivAsioM aura apane parijanoM ko ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravrajyA lene hetu protsAhita karate haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa kRSNa kI aneka rAniyAM aura putra-parijana pravrajyA grahaNa kara lete haiM / kRSNa ke laghubhAtA gajasukumAla kI kathA antakRtdazA meM kRSNa ke sAta bhAIyoM kA ullekha hameM upalabdha hotA hai| jinameM se aniyasakumAra Adi cha: kA pAlana-poSaNa bhaddilapura nagara ke nAga nAmaka gAthApati kI patnI sulasA dvArA hotA hai| kathA ke anusAra devakI ko kisI bhaviSyavettA ne eka sarIkhe ATha putroM ko janma dene kI bhaviSyavANI kI thii| isa prakAra sulasA ko bhI mRtaputra hone kI bhaviSyavANI kI thii| sulasA ne hariNegameSI nAmaka deva kI ArAdhanA kI aura vaha deva prasanna huaa| kathA prasaMga ke anusAra devakI aura sulasA sAtha-sAtha garbhavatI hotI haiM aura sAtha-sAtha prasava bhI karatI haiN| putra prasava ke samaya vaha deva sulasA ke mRta putroM ko devakI ke pAsa aura devakI ke putroM ko sulasA ke pAsa rakha detA thaa| isa prakAra devakI ke prathama cha: putra sulasA ke dvArA pAlita aura poSita hue| kAlAntara meM salasA ke ye chaho patra ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita ho gye| saMyoga se kisI samaya ve chaho sahodara bhAI
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________________ 106 devakI ke gRha para do-do ke samUha meM bhikSArtha Ate haiN| unake samarUpa aura samavayaska hone ke kAraNa devakI ko yaha bhrama ho jAtA hai ki ve hI muni bArabAra bhikSA ke lie A rahe haiN| nirgrantha zramaNa kisI bhI ghara meM bhikSArtha dUsarIbAra praveza nahIM krtaa| ataH vaha tIsare samUha meM Aye muniyoM se anta meM yaha bAta pUcha hI letI haiM ki kyA dvArikA nagarI meM muniyoM ko AhAra upalabdha hone meM kaThinAI ho rahI hai jisake kAraNa Apako bAra-bAra mere dvAra para AnA par3a rahA hai| muni vastusthiti ko spaSTa karate haiM ki hama chaho bhAI eka sarIkhe haiM aura isI kAraNa Apako aisA bhrama ho gayA hai| devakI ko apanI bhaviSyavANI kA smaraNa hotA hai ki mujhe eka sarIkhe ATha putroM kI bhaviSyavANI kI gaI thI, kintu merI apekSA yaha sulasA hI bhAgyavAna hai| vaha apanI isa manovyathA ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie ariSTanemi ke pAsa jAtI hai aura ariSTanemi use batAte haiM ki ye chaho bhAI vastutaH tumhAre hI putra haiN| sulasA ne to inakA pAlana-poSaNa hI mAtra kiyA hai| devakI vApasa lauTakara atyanta zokAkula hotI hai aura vicAra karatI hai ki maine sAta putroM ko janma diyA kintu unameM se kisI kI bhI bAlakrIr3A kA anubhava nahIM kara sakI, kyoMki cha: sulasA ke dvArA aura eka nanda aura yazodA ke dvArA pAlita poSita kiye ge| devakI yaha vicAra kara hI rahI thI ki usI samaya zrIkRSNa mAtA ke caraNa vandana hetu Ate haiM aura mAtA kI cintA kA kAraNa pUchate haiN| devakI sArI vastusthiti ko spaSTa karatI hai| zrIkRSNa apanI mAtA ke duHkha ko dUra karane ke liye tathA apane eka aura sahodara bhAI utpanna hone ke lie pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara tIna dina kA upavAsa kara deva kA ArAdhana karate haiM / deva prasanna hokara kahatA hai ki nizcaya hI tumheM eka choTA bhAI prApta hogA, kintu alpavaya meM hI vaha dIkSita ho jaaegaa| kAlAntara meM devakI ko putra prasava hotA hai| zrIkRSNa apane laghubhrAtA yuvAvasthA prApta hote dekhakara somila brAhmaNa kI kanyA somA se usake vivAha kA nirNaya karate haiN| dUsarI ora dvArikA ke bAhara udyAna meM ariSTanemi kA Agamana hotA hai| ariSTanemi ke upadezoM ko sunakara gajasukumAla ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai| mAtA-pitA aura bhAI ke sAMsArika bhoga bhogane ke liye atyanta Agraha ke bAda bhI gajasukumAla dIkSita hone kA nirNaya lete haiN| zrIkRSNa unakA dIkSA mahotsava karate haiN| gajasukumAla dIkSita hone ke dina hI bhikSu pratimA aMgIkAra kara lete haiM aura mahAkAla zmazAna meM dhyAnamagna khar3e ho jAte haiN| udhara se gajasukumAla kA bhAvI zvasura somila brAhmaNa nikalatA hai, gajasukumAla ko muNDita zramaNa dekhakara kupita hotA hai| unake sira para miTTI kI pAla banAkara dhadhakate aMgAre rakha detA hai| gajasukumAla dhyAna se vicalita na hote hue usa
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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa : 107 vedanA ko sahana karate haiM tathA apane mana meM kisI prakAra kA dveSa yA Akroza nahIM lAte aura usI dina mukti ko prApta karate haiN| zrIkRSNa apane laghubhrAtA ke darzana ke lie ariSTanemi ke pAsa jAte haiM aura unase sAre ghaTanA cakra ko jAnane kI apekSA karate haiN| ariSTanemi unheM kevala itanA hI batAte haiM ki jisa prakAra tumane eka vRddha ko sahayoga dekara du:kha mukta kiyA thA usI prakAra tumhAre bhAI ko bhI eka vyakti ne sahayoga dekara saMsAra cakra se mukta kara diyA hai| isI kathA prasaMga meM avAntara rUpa se zrIkRSNa kI sahayoga bhAvanA kA nimna prasaMga hameM milatA hai zrIkRSNa apane laghu bhrAtA gajasukumAla ke sAtha jaba ariSTanemi ke vandana ko jAte haiM, to unheM mArga meM IMToM kA eka bahuta bar3A Dhera dikhAI par3atA hai| ve dekhate haiM ki eka vRddha jo atyanta jarjara aura kSINakAya hai usa vizAlakAya Dhera meM se eka-eka IMTa uThAkara ghara ke andara rakha rahA hai| zrIkRSNa usakI usa pIr3A ko dekhakara hAthI para baiThe hue hI eka IMTa uThAte haiM aura usake ghara meM DAla dete haiN| zrIkRSNa ke sAtha AnevAlA samudAya aura sainyabala bhI unakA anusaraNa karatA hai aura isaprakAra alpasamaya meM hI vaha vizAlakAya iMToM kI rAzi vRddha ke ghara pahu~ca jAtI hai| ___ yahAM hama dekhate haiM ki antakRtdazA meM varNita kathA prasaMga meM aniyasa Adi devakI ke chaha putroM kI sulasA ke mRta putroM ke sAtha parivartana kI ghaTanA gajasukumAla ke janma aura dIkSA kI kathA tathA zrIkRSNa ke dvArA usa vRddha ko sahayoga dene kI avAntara kathA, ye sabhI ullekha jaina paramparA ke atirikta anyatra nahIM pAye jaate| hindU paramparA meM devakI zrIkRSNa se pUrva hone vAle putraputriyoM ke jo ullekha haiM ve isa kathA se ekadama bhinna haiN| phira bhI donoM meM itanA sAmya avazya hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM kaMsa ke kopa se bacane ke lie devakI putroM kA sthAnAntaraNa huA hai| zrI kRSNa ke pUrvaja vasudevahiNDI meM zrIkRSNa ke pUrva pUrvajoM kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki harivaMza meM sori aura vIra nAmaka do bhAI utpanna hue| sori ne apanI rAjadhAnI sorikula meM sthApita kI aura vIra ne sauvIra meN| ye donoM eka dUsare ke prati atyanta anurAga rakhate the aura koSa, koSThAgAra evaM rAjya Adi kA vibhAjana kiye binA hI rAjyazrI kA upabhoga karate the| sori ke putra andhakavRSNi aura unakI patnI se samudravijaya Adi dasa putra aura kuntI evaM mAdrI nAmaka do kanyAyeM utpanna huiiN| dUsarI ora vIra kA putra bhogavRSNi huaa| usakA putra ugrasena aura ugrasena ke
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________________ 108 putra bandhu, subandhu, kaMsa Adi hue| andhakavRSNi ke dasa putroM meM vasudeva dasaveM putra the| isI prasaMga meM samudravijaya Adi ke pUrvabhava kI carcA kI gaI hai| vasudeva ke pUrva bhava kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vaha pUrvabhava meM nandisena thA / tulanAtmaka vivaraNa jahAM taka kRSNa ke mAtA-pitA ke nAma aura janma kA prazna hai, jaina paramparA aura hindU paramparA meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| donoM hI paramparAe~ kRSNa ko vAsudeva evaM devakI kA putra mAnatI haiM tathA janma ke pazcAt yazodA ke dvArA unake lAlanapAlana kI bAta bhI svIkAra karatI hai| donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra kRSNa ke anya sAta bhAiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| kintu donoM paramparAoM meM kRSNa ke anya bhAiyoM ke kathAnaka ke sambandha meM antara pAyA jAtA hai| zrImadbhAgavata ke anusAra balabhadra aura zrIkRSNa ke janma ke pUrva devakI ke chaH putroM ko kaMsa pachAr3akara mAra DAlatA hai| yadyapi jaina grantha vasudevahiNDI meM bhI kaMsa ke dvArA devakI ke chaH putroM ke mAra DAlane kA ullekha hai kintu jinasena ke uttarapurANa tathA hemacandra ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM tathA antakRtdazA ke anusAra devakI ke garbha se utpanna ye chaho putra hariNegameSa nAmaka devatA ke dvArA sulasA ke yahA~ pahu~cA diye gaye aura sulasA ke mRta putroM ko devakI ke pAsa lAkara rakha diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA mukhya rUpa se kRSNa ke sahodara ina chaH bhAiyoM ko sulasA ke dvArA pAlita mAnatI hai jo Age calakara tIrthaMkara nemi ke pAsa dIkSita hokara mokSa prApta kara lete haiN| zrImadbhAgavata ke anusAra balabhadra kA devakI ke garbha se viSNu ke Adeza evaM yogamAyA zakti ke dvArA rohiNI ke garbha meM saMharaNa hai jabaki jaina paramparA ke kisI bhI grantha meM isa saMharaNa kI ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai| balki yaha pAyA jAtA hai ki balabhadra rohiNI ke garbha se sahaja janma lete haiN| yadyapi yahAM yaha smaraNIya tathya avazya hai ki jaina paramparA meM jo mahAvIra ke garbha saMharaNa kI bAta kahI jAtI hai vaha mUla meM kahIM baladeva ke garbha saMharaNa kI ghaTanA se prabhAvita to nahIM hai, jise jainoM ne apane anurUpa mor3a liyA ho / balabhadra ko kRSNa kA sahodara bhAI na mAnane ke kAraNa jaina paramparA meM kRSNa ke sAta bhAiyoM kI saMkhyApUrti ke lie gajasukumAla kI kathA kA vikAsa huaa| zrIkRSNa ke yazodA ke yahA~ sthAnAntaraNa kI bAta donoM paramparAeM samAna rUpa se svIkAra karatI haiM, kintu jahA~ zrImadbhAgavata meM yazodA ke garbha se janmI putrI ko, jo ki viSNu kI yogamAyA kA hI svarUpa thI, kaMsa paTaka kara mAra DAlane kA prayatna karatA hai, kintu yogamAyA hone ke kAraNa vaha mRta nahIM hotI hai tathA AkAza meM calI jAtI hai aura kAlI, durgA Adi kI zakti ke rUpa meM
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________________ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa pUjI jAtI hai vahAM jaina paramparA meM vAsudevahiNDI aura jinasena ke uttarapurANa ke kathanAnusAra kaMsa use mAratA nahIM hai apitu nAka kATakara athavA nAka capaTI karake chor3a detA hai| yahI bAlikA Age sAdhvI ke rUpa meM dIkSita ho jAtI hai aura apanI dhyAnasAdhanA ke dvArA deva gati ko prApta karatI hai| kintu harivaMza meM jinasena (dvitIya) ne yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki usakI aMgulI ke rakta se sane hue tIna Tukar3e se vaha trizUladhAriNI kAlI ke rUpa meM vindhyAcala (mirjApura ke samIpa ) meM pratiSThita ho jAtI hai| jinasena ne isa devI ke sammukha honevAle bhaiMsoM ke vadha kI bhI carcA kI hai jo vindhyAcala meM Aja taka pracalita hai| isa prakAra jinasena dvitIya ne isa kathAnaka ko hindU paramparA ke sAtha jor3A hai| : 109 kRSNa kI bAla lIlAoM ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAe~ lagabhaga samAna mantavya rakhatI haiN| yadyapi zrImadbhAgavata ke anusAra kaMsa ke dvArA bheje gaye sabhI asura Adi kRSNa yA balabhadra ke dvArA mAra DAle jAte haiM, jabaki jinasena prathama to jainoM ke ahiMsA ke dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para inheM rAkSasa na kahakara deva yA deviyA~ kahatA hai| dUsare kRSNa yA baladeva unheM mArate nahIM hai apitu harAkara jIvita hI chor3a dete haiN| yadyapi praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke anusAra kRSNa ke dvArA inheM mAre jAne kA ullekha hai| hemacandra apane trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM jinasena ke samAna hI yaha mAnate haiM ki zrIkRSNa inheM harAkara bhagA dete haiN| jahAM jinasena prathama ne inheM devI-devatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, vahIM harivaMzapurANa meM jinasena dvitIya inakA kaMsa ke dvArA bheje gaye unmatta prANiyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha karate haiN| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke hai ki jahAM hindU paramparA meM pANDavoM evaM kRSNa ke jIvana ke sAtha mahAbhArata ke yuddha kI ghaTanA jur3I huI hai vahAM jaina Agama granthoM meM mahAbhArata kI ghaTanA kA sarvathA abhAva hai| yadyapi paravartI jaina lekhakoM ne mahAbhArata kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| jahAM hindU paramparA kaMsa ko kRSNa ke mukhya pratidvandvI ke rUpa meM citrita karatI hai vahAM jaina paramparA meM kRSNa kA mukhya pratidvandvI jarAsandha ko mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki vaha prativAsudeva hai aura usa para vijaya prApta karake hI kRSNa vAsudeva ke pada ko prApta karate haiN| yadyapi yAdavoM aura dvArakA ke vinAza ke mUla meM yaduvaMzI kA madyapAyI honA donoM hI paramparA meM samAnya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI jaina paramparA meM dvArakA aura yAdava vaMza ke vinAza ko kucha bhinna tarIke se citrita
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________________ 110 kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra dvArakA aura yAdava vaMza ke vinAza kI bhaviSyavANI sunakara zrIkRSNa yaha ghoSaNA karavAte haiM ki jo bhI vyakti ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita hogA usake parivAra ke pAlana-poSaNa kI vyavasthA rAjya kregaa| isI prasaMga meM kRSNa ke dvArA apanI AThoM patniyoM, putravadhuoM Adi ko ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita karavAne ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| jahAM taka zrIkRSNa kI mRtyu (lIlA saMharaNa) kA prazna hai donoM hI paramparAe~ jarAkumAra ke bANa se unakI mRtyu kA honA svIkAra karatI haiN| kintu jahAM vaiSNava paramparA ke anusAra ve nityamukta haiM aura apanI lIlA kA saMharaNa kara goloka meM nivAsa karane lagate haiM vahAM jaina paramparA ke anusAra ve apanI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhaviSya meM AgAmI utsarpiNI meM bharatakSetra meM 12veM amama nAmaka tIrthakara hokara mukti ko prApta kareMge - aisA ullekha hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAe~ yadyapi kRSNa ke jIvanavRtta ko apane vivecana kA AdhAra banAtI haiM, phira bhI donoM ne use apane-apane anusAra mor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaisA ki hamane saMketa kiyA hai ki zrIkRSNA ke jIvana meM aisI aneka ghaTanAe~ hai jinakA vivaraNa hameM jaina granthoM meM hI milatA hai, paurANika sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| zrI kRSNa ke padmottara se hue yuddha ke varNana tathA gajasukumAla ke jIvana kI ghaTanA, unakA neminAtha ke sAtha sambandha Adi aisI ghaTanAe~ haiM jinakA ullekha hindU paramparA meM yA to nahIM hai yA bahuta alpa hai| jabaki jaina paramparA meM inakA vistAra se varNana hai| isa prakAra kRSNa ke sambandha meM jaina kathAnakoM kA apanA vaiziSTya hai|