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________________ 0 DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, zAstrAcArya [magadha vizvavidyAlaya, bodhagayA (bihAra)] vikramorvazIya nATaka ke caturtha aGka meM prathita prAkRta-apabhraMza padyoM kA kAvyamUlyAMkana mahAkavi kAlidAsa sArvabhauma kavi haiN| anupama padavinyAsa evaM kAvyagarimA unake samasta nATaka! evaM kAvyoM meM upalabdha hai| prakRti-varNana evaM mAnava ke Antarika bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa mahAkavi ne bar3I hI paTutA se pradarzita kiyA hai / apanI vilakSaNa kalpanA aura kAvya kauzala ke bala para unhoMne mAnavasvabhAva ke sambandha meM aisI aneka bAteM kahI haiM jinheM sRSTi meM ghra vasatya kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| racanAoM meM bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA tathA Adarza kI pUrI jhAMkI prApta hotI hai| kAlidAsa kA zRMgAra jIvana ko madhumaya hI banAtA hai, vAsanApUrNa nahIM / ve preya para zreya kA prabhutva dikhalAte haiN| unakI dRSTi meM heya to sarvathA heya hI hai| jisa zRGgAra meM vAsanAdhikya rahatA hai aura viveka kA abhAva ho jAtA hai vaha zRGgAra nitAnta heya hai kyoMki isa prakAra ke zRGgAra se vyakti evaM samAja donoM kA ahita hotA hai| unake nATakoM meM mAnava kI mAnasika kriyAoM evaM pratikriyAoM ko usa rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai jo Aja bhI mAnava ke liye darpaNa ke samAna haiN| vAstava meM hama unake pAtroM kI ullasita dekha Anandavibhora ho uThate haiM, vilApa karate dekha dukhavihvala ho jAte haiM aura unheM zokamagna dekha hameM vedanA hone lagatI hai / sAhitya kI yahI sabase bar3I kasauTI hai| kAlidAsa kI sAhitya-sAdhanA samasta saMskRta vAGamaya ke liye bauddhika, bhAvAtmaka evaM mAnasika vikAsa meM eka kar3I ke samAna hai| unhoMne jahA~ jisa bhAva kA citraNa kiyA hai, vahA~ vaha bhAva hameM barasAtI nadiyoM se bahAkara prazAnta mahAsAgara meM pahuMcA detA hai / premI-premikA ke bhoga-vilAsa evaM zIlasauSThava ke prati bhI AsthA evaM anurAga vyakta karate haiN| rASTra ke amara gAyaka kavi ne sAMskRtika paramparAoM kA yatheSTa poSaNa kiyA hai| hama yahA~ unake samasta kAvya sAhitya kA mUlyAGkana prastuta nahIM kara skeNge| kevala vikramorvazIya-nATaka ke caturtha aGka meM grathita nepathya ke mAdhyama se 18 evaM sAmAnya varNanakrama meM 13, isa prakAra kula 31 prAkRta-apabhraMza padyoM ke kAvya saundarya kA hI vizleSaNa prastuta kreNge| vikramorvazIya nATaka ke caturtha aGka kA prArambha hI prAkRta-apabhraMza padya se hotA hai| nepathya se cAyA mA HAMAAJAAAAmarnarprdarniririnamainranaanaamavatasemedientAAAAAAAAAAAISUAddase bhAdhAna sAjana AcAryapraaaOM AzAvAdI Anni manawarmya
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________________ AcArma AcAryapravara abhinita zrIAvanda an zrIAnandaprasanna Mu r timex . ...." ---- 64 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya dhvani AtI hai ki "eka tAlAba ke jala meM baiThI huI ha~sI apanI priyasakhI ke viraha meM rudana kara rahI hai|" kavi ne prArambha se hI viraha kA vAtAvaraNa prastuta karane ke hetu pratIka rUpa meM haMsI ko prastuta kiyA hai| haMsI apanI sakhI ke viyoga meM anamanI ho jAtI hai| dUsarI ora sUrya kI razmiyoM ke sparza se sarovara ke kamala bhI vikasita ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra eka hI padya meM kavi ne do dRzya hamAre sammukha prastuta kiye haiM / eka ora haMsI kI vimanaskatA aura dUsarI ora sUrya karasparza se kamala kA vikAsa / ye donoM hI yahA~ pratIka haiM / haMsI kI vimanaskatA urvazI ke viyoga kA saMketa upasthita karatI hai aura kamala kA vikAsa pururavA evaM urvazI ke punarmilana kA saMketa detA hai / mahAkavi ne vyaJjanA dvArA ina donoM tathyoM kA samAveza bar3I hI kuzalatA se kiyA hai| prAsAGgika gAthA nimna prakAra hai : piasahivioavimaNA sahi haMsI vAulA samullavai / sUrakaraphaMsaviasia tAmarase saravarusaMge ||---vikrmo0 4 / 1 dvitIya padya meM pUna: kavi hameM eka saMketa detA hai / vaha do haMsiyoM ko sakhI ke viyoga meM A~sU bahAte hue prastuta karatA hai| yahA~ ye donoM hasiyAM urvazI kI sakhiyAM citralekhA evaM sahajanyA kI pratIka haiN| haMsiyoM kA vyAkula honA tathA rudana karanA isa bAta kI ora iGgita karatA hai ki zIghra hI urvazI kA viyoga hone vAlA hai aura ye donoM sakhiyAM urvazI ke viyoga se pratAr3ita hone ke kAraNa hI vilApa kara rahI haiM / yadyapi dvitIya evaM tRtIya padya prAyaH samAna haiM kintu inake dvArA kavi ne jisa kAvya vAtAvaraNa kI madhurimA ko prastuta kiyA hai, vaha atyanta mahanIya hai| samasta kathAvastu vyaJjanA ke rUpa meM samakSa A jAtI hai aura darzaka evaM pAThakoM ko nepathya kI dhvani se hI nATakIya vastu kA parijJAna ho jAtA hai / vAtAvaraNa kA saurabha apanI tIvratA se mana ko ullasita karane lagatA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa nepathya meM hI pratIkAtmaka ukta vAtAvaraNa kA sRjana karate haiM : sahaari dukkhAliddha saravara ammi sinniddh| vAhovaggiaNaaNaaM tammai haMsI jualaN||-vhii 4 / 2 prAkRta padya evaM gadya meM varNita vAtAvaraNa se aisA anumAna hotA hai ki puraravA zayana kara rahA hai| sarya kI svaNima razmiyAM vAtAyana se jhAMkatI haI usakI zaiyA para par3atI haiM aura vaha svapna meM hI urvazI ke viyoga kA anubhava karatA huA use prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| sakhI sahajanyA ke kathana se evaM usakI puSTi meM likhe gaye prAkRta gadya se ukta tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai / sahajanyA kahatI hai :- "sahi Na kkha tArisA AkidivisesA ciraM dukkhabhAiNo honti / tA avassaM kipi aNuggahaNimitta bhUvovi samAama kAraNaM havissadi (prAcIdizaM vilokya) tA ehi / udaamuhassa bhaavado sujjassa uvaTThANaM karemha / " (vahI, caturtha aMka, tRtIya padyAntara prayukta gadya khaNDa) spaSTa hai ki duHkha yA viyoga kA samaya sarvadA eka jaisA nahIM rahatA / viyoga ke pazcAt saMyoga kA avasara AtA hI hai / ata: sakhiyAM sUrya prArthanA ke liye upakrama karatI haiN| isa sandarbha meM mahAkavi ne pururavA ko nagAdhirAja ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha nagAdhirAja vAstava meM rAjA ke jIvana kI chAyA hai| rAjA ko svapna meM priyA kA haraNa dikhAI detA hai aura A~kheM
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________________ prAkRta-apabhraMza padyoM kA kAvyamUlyAMkana 65 khulate hI use megha kA darzana hotA hai| vaha bijalI ko priyA samajhakara usakA pIchA karatA hai aura usakI mAnasika udvignatA bar3hatI jAtI hai| mahAkavi ne rAjA kI isa manodazA kA bar3A hI sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| yathA : gahaNaM gaiMdaNAho piavirahummA apaalia viaaro| visai tarukusuma kisalaa bhUsiaNiadeha panbhAro // -415 arthAt yaha gajarAja apanI priyA ke viyoga meM pAgala banakara vahA~ apanI manovyathA ko prakaTa karane ke hetu vRkSoM ke puSpoM evaM komala pattoM se apane zarIra ko sajA rahA hai| aura udvigna-sA gahanavana meM praveza kara rahA hai| isa prakAra kavi ne pururavA ko gajarAja ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai aura isakI tIvra vyaJjanA puna: haMsa kA pratIka prastuta karake kI hai : hiaAhi apia dukkhao saravarae dhudpkkho| vAhoggaa NaaNao tammai haMsa juaanno||-vhii 4 / 6 arthAt yaha yuvA haMsa apanI pyArI ke vichoha meM paMkha phar3aphar3AtA huA A~khoM meM A~sU bhare hue sarovara meM baiThA sisaka rahA hai| isa prakAra kavi ne haMsa ke rUpa meM viyogI pururavA ko upasthita kiyA hai / kavi pururavA kI manovyathA evaM ghabarAhaTa ko prastuta karatA huA nepathya se dhvani karAtA hai ki "yaha to abhI-abhI barasane vAlA bAdala hai, rAkSasa nahIM, isameM yaha khiMcA huA indra kA dhanudha hai rAkSasa kA nahIM aura Tapa-Tapa barasane vAle ye vANa nahIM jalabindu haiM, evaM yaha jo kasauTI para banI huI sone kI rekhA ke samAna camaka rahI hai, yaha merI priyA urvazI nahIM, vidyutrekhA hai| saMskRta padya meM nirUpita isa zaMkAspada sthiti kA nirAkaraNa kavi prAkRta-padya dvArA karatA hai aura vaha apanI mugdhAvasthA ko yathArtha rUpa meM prApta kara bijalI kA anubhava karatA hai / pururavA socatA hai ki merI mRganayanI priyA kA koI rAkSasa apaharaNa karake le jA rahA hai / maiM usakA pIchA kara rahA hN| para mujhe priyA ke sthAna para vidyuta aura rAkSasa ke sthAna para kRSNa megha hI prApta hote haiM / kavi ne yahA~ nAyaka kI bhrAntimAna manasthiti kA bar3A hI hRdayagrAhI citraNa kiyA hai / kavi kahatA hai : maI jANiaM mialoaNI Nisaaru koi harei / jAva Nu Navatali sAmala dhArAharu varisei / -vahI0 48 barasate hue bAdaloM ko dekhakara pururavA kI vedanA adhika bar3ha jAtI hai aura vaha una para apanI bhAvanAoM kA AropaNa karatA hai / vaha anubhava karatA hai ki megha krodhita hokara hI jala kI varSA kara rahe haiN| ataH vaha unase zAnta rahane kI dRSTi se prArthanA karatA hai| aura kahatA hai ki he megha, thor3e samaya taka Apa loga ruka jAiye / jaba maiM apanI priyA ko prApta kara lUM taba tuma apanI mUsalAdhAra varNa krnaa| priyA ke sAtha to maiM sabhI kaSToM ko sahana kara sakatA hai, para ekAkI isa garjana-tarjana ko sahana ParivaA awanwwwreluckAIN, ArammarnaradAAMKARAN w omen
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________________ ApApravana abhisAryapravara abhinaya AnandAanyazrIAnandA grantha 16 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kara sakanA sambhava nahIM pratIta hotA / isa padya meM kavi ne megha ko mAnava ke rUpa meM citrita kara nAnA prakAra kI bhAvanAoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| kavi ne prakRti ko mAnava ke rUpa meM dekhA hai : jalahara saMhara eha kopai~ ADhattao avirala dhArA sAra disAmuha kto| e maI puhavi bhamaMto jaipioM pekkhami tavve jaM ju karIhisitaMtu sahihimi // -4 / 11 unmatta pururavA apane pada kA anubhava kara meghoM ko bhI Adeza detA hai ki ve abhI varSA banda kara deN| tatkSaNa hI use prakRti kA madhumaya vAtAvaraNa AkRSTa kara letA hai / yaha vAtAvaraNa vipralambha ko saMvaddhita karane ke liye uddIpana hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne uddIpana ke rUpa meM bhauroM kI jhaMkAra evaM kokila kI kUka ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| pavana ke pratAr3ana se kalpataru ke pallava nAnA prakAra ke hAvoMbhAvoM ko pradarzita karate hue nRtya karane lage haiN| pururavA kI unmattAvasthA vRddhiMgata hotI jAtI hai aura vaha varSA ke upakaraNoM ko hI apane rAjasI upakaraNa samajhane lagatA hai / mahAkavi ne ukta avasthA kA prAkRta-padya ke mAdhyama se nimna prakAra citraNa kiyA hai : gaMdhamAia mahuara gIehiM vajjaMtehiM parahua tUrehiM / pasaria pavaNavveliapallava Niaru, sulalia viviha paAraM gaccai kampaaru ||-vhii0 4112 kavi ne yahA~ rAjA kI bhAvanA ko prakRti meM Aropita kiyA hai tathA usakI mAnasika avasthA kA pratiphalana bhI prastuta kiyA hai| rAjA kI premonmattAvasthA vRddhiMgata hotI hai / yaha priyA ke anveSaNa meM pravRtta hotA hai / use aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki priyA se viyukta unmatta gaja, puSpoM se yukta pahAr3I jaMgala meM vicaraNa kara rahA hai| kusumojjvala girikAnana meM vicaraNa karatA huA apane citta kI vibhinna bhUmikAoM kA sparza karatA hai| priyAviraha ke kAraNa usakI mAnasika dazA pratikSaNa ugra hotI jA rahI hai| mahAkavi ne nepathya se rAjA kI isI avasthA kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai / yathA : daiArahio ahi duhio virahANagao primNthro| girikANaNae kusumujjalae, gajajUhavaI bahujhINa gaI // -vhii4|14 viraha kI parAkASThA vahA~ hotI hai jahA~ nAyaka apane viveka ko khokara cetana-acetana kA bheda kho baiThatA hai| use yaha viveka nahIM rahatA ki tiryaJca bhI sArthaka vANI ke abhAva meM kisI nizcita bAta kA uttara nahIM de sakate haiM / jaba viraha kI antarAvasthA atyadhika bar3ha jAtI hai, taba yaha parAkASThA kI vRtti AtI hai| meghadUta kA yakSa apanI bhAva-vibhora avasthA ke kAraNa hI 'dhUmajjyotirsalila marutAm' ke saMghAta meghoM dvArA apanI priyA ke pAsa sandeza bhejatA hai| bhAvoM kI parAkASThA hI nAyaka ko isa sthiti meM pahu~cAtI hai| pururavA apanI preyasI ke anveSaNa meM saMlagna hokara mayUroM se prArthanA karatA hai ki 'sarvatra vicaraNa karane vAle he mayUro, tumane merI preyamI ko dekhA hai ? usa candramukhI haMsagAminI ko tuma avazya hI pahicAnate hoge / maiM tumheM usake cinhoM ko batalAtA huuN| AzA hai una cinhoM ke bala para COME
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________________ prAkRta apabhraMza padyoM kA kAvyamUlyAMkana 67 tuma use avazya pahicAna loge / vAstava meM merI priyA ke ghuMgharAle keza mayUroM ke kezapAzoM se bhI sundara haiN|' hAtha jor3akara pururavA mayUroM se anunaya karatA hai : bahiNa pai~ ia abhatthiami A akkhahi maM tA, tthava bhammaMte jai paI diTThI sA mahU kaMtA / simAhi miaMka sarisavaaNA haMsagaI, e cinhe jANIhisi Aakkhiu tujjha mai~ // - 420 rAjA kI virahAvasthA kI puSTi nepathya se hotI hai / nepathya meM pratIka rUpa meM pururavA ko gaja kahA gayA hai aura usakI samasta kriyAoM evaM manobhAvoM ko nepathya dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| jina padyoM ko kavi ne upasthita kiyA hai ve vastutaH dRzyakAvya ke marma dyotaka haiN| bhale hI katipaya Alocaka unheM prakSipta kaheM para unake binA rAjA kI vyathA kI abhivyakti hotI hI nahIM / ataeva yaha mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI hI sUjha hai ki jisane pururavA ke viraha zoka ko unmatta gaja ke rUpaka dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| parahua maharapalAviNi kaMtI NaMdaNavaNa sacchaMda bhamaMtI | japa piaama sA mahu diTTI tA A akkhahi mahu parapuTThI // - 424 ukta padya meM pururavA apanI priyatamA kA patA kUjatI huI kokila se pUchatA hai / pururavA haMsa ko dekhakara samajhatA haiM ki isane maMda maMdira cAla merI priyatamA se hI sIkhI hai ataH isane avazya hI merI priyatamA ko dekhA hogA | ataeva vaha haMsa ke samakSa apanI hArdika vedanA ko upasthita karate hue kahatA hai -- re re haMsA ki goijjai gai aNusAreM maha~ lakkhijjai / kaI paI sikkha e gaI lAlasA sA pai~ diTThI jahaNa marAlasA // - 432 isa prakAra mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne pururavA dvArA cakravAka, gaja, parvata, samudra Adi se apanI priyA kA patA puchavAyA hai / mahAkavi ne pururavA kI isa hArdika vedanA ko prAkRta padyoM meM vyakta kiyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jina bhAvanAoM ko kavi saMskRta meM abhivyakta karane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karatA hai una bhAvoM ko usane prAkRta-padyoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai / yahA~ hama udAharaNArtha eka-do padya hI uddhRta karanA ucita samajhate haiM / pururavA parvata se pUchatA huA kahatA hai : phaliha silAhaa NimmalaNijjharU bahuviha kusumeM viraiaseharu / fare mahuruggIa maNoharu devakhAvahi mahu piaama mahiharu / / - 4150 sphaTika kI caTTAnoM para bahate hue ujale jharanoM vAle raMga-viraMge phUloM se apanI coTiyA~ sajAne vAle, kinnaroM ke jor3oM me madhura gItoM se suhAvane lagane vAle he parvata, merI pyArI kI eka jhalaka to mujhe dikhA do / isa prakAra pururavA mayUra, kokila, hasa, cakavA, bhramara, hAthI, parvata nadI, hiraNa (4/71 ) prabhRti se apanI priyA kA patA pUcha-pUchakara santoSa prApta karatA hai| mahAkavi ne ina sabhI marmasthaloM ko prAkRta padyoM meM hI nibaddha kiyA hai| saMskRta ke padyoM dvArA isa prakAra kI sarasa bhAvanAe~ abhivyakta nahIM ho sakI haiM / pururavA ne hariNI se patA pUchate samaya urvazI kI jo zarIrAkRti vyakta kI hai, usake AdhAra para eka grantha 32 zrI Anandana grantha Bes AcArya prava CASH 30
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________________ AcAryazva abhinaMdana AAnanda anya JIO 68 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya rekhA-citra dvArA urvazI ko aMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ajantA kI guphAoM meM isa prakAra ke kaI citra pAye jAte haiM / kavi kahatA hai : sura sundari jahaNa bharAlasa pINuttuMga ghaNatthajhI, thirajoThavaNa taNusarIri haMsagaI / aNujjala kANaNeM mialoaNi bhramaMtI diTThI pai~ taha viraha samudaMtareM utArahi maI // - 4156 arthAt " nitamboM ke bhArI hone ke kAraNa dhIre-dhIre calane vAlI aura utuMga evaM pInastanoM vAlI, cirayuvA, kRzakaTivAlI, haMsa jaisI gativAlI usa mRganayanI urvazI ko yadi tumane isa AkAza ke samAna ujjvala vana meM ghUmate hue dekhA ho to usakA patA batAkara mujhe isa virahasAgara se ubAra lo / " uparyukta vivecana se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne gahana bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti ke hetu prAkRta-padyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ye padya mahAkavi dvArA hI viracita haiM / isakI puSTi aneka vidvAnoM ke kathana se hotI hai| zrI candrabalI pANDeya ne gahana zodha khoja ke bAda yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai - "yaha aura kucha nahIM, rAjA ke svayaM jIvana kI chAyA hai, jo vAsanA ke mukhara ho uThane se, 'prAkRta' meM phUTa nikalI haiN| kAlidAsa kI isa kalA ko pakar3a pAnA to dUra rahA, logoM ne ise kSepaka banA diyA / socA itanA bhI nahIM ki kavi guru ke atirikta yaha sUjhatA bhI kise, jo yahA~ jor3a dikhAtA / nizcaya hI yaha apUrva nATaka dattacitta ho sunane kA hai, kucha kisI aMza ko le ur3ane kA nahIM / dhIraja dhara dhyAna se suneM to sArI gutthI Apa hI sulajha jAya aura 'prAkRta' kA kAraNa bhI Apa hI vyakta ho jAya / sandarbha evaM bhAvapRSThabhUmi ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa hai ki viraha kI vAstavika abhivyaJjanA ke lie' ina prAkRta padyoM kI AvazyakatA hai / mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke atirikta anya vyakti dvArA ukta sA~ce meM ye padya phiTa nahIM kiye jA sakate / ina padyoM kI bhASA apabhraMza ke nikaTa hai aura chanda bhI apabhraMza sAhitya kA vyavahRta huA 1 hamane yahA~ bhASA vaijJAnika evaM vyAkaraNa sambandhI vivecana prastuta na kara kevala kAvya mUlya para hI prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / apabhraMza (prAkRta kA eka paravartI rUpa ) bhASA ke ina padyoM meM kavi ne apanI pravRtti ke anusAra upamAlaMkAra kI bhI yojanA kI hai| prAyaH sabhI padyoM meM upamAna nisyUta hai / hama yahA~ ukta padyoM ke katipaya upamAnoM ke saundarya para prakAza DAleMge / kAvya mUlyoM kI dRSTi se ina samasta padyoM meM kaI vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / kavi ne zabdoM kA cayana itanI kuzalatA se kiyA hai ki saMgIta tattva kA sRjana svayameva hotA gayA hai| viraha kI abhivyaJjanA ke liye zabdoM kA jitanA madhura aura komala honA Avazyaka hai utanA hI unakA niyojana bhI apekSita hai / kuzala kavi kA zabda niyojana hI viraha ko abhivyakta karatA jAtA hai / nepathya se Ane vAlI saMgIta dhvaniyoM, varNoM evaM zabdoM kA niyojana bar3I hI kuzalatA se kiyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki viraha zarada kAlIna nada ke pravAha ke samAna svayaM pravAhita ho rahA hai| nimna udAharaNa dRSTavya hai :
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________________ prAkRta-apabhraMza padyoM kA kAvyamUlyAMkana 88 cintAdummiamANasiA sharidNsnnlaalsiaa| viasia kamala maNoharae viharai haMsI srvre||-414 haMsI cintA se durmana hai, zabdAvalI bhI usakI isa dazA kA udghATana kara rahI hai / padya ke par3hate hI netroM ke samakSa virahajanya vAtAvaraNa upasthita ho jAtA hai aura aisA jJAna hone lagatA hai ki kisI virahI kA viraha zabdoM kI dhArA meM pravAhita ho rahA hai| yoM to anaprAsa aura yamaka donoM hI zabdAlaMkAra zabdoM ke niyojana se hI rasa kI sRSTi karate haiM para uparyukta padya meM zabdoM ne hI rasa saMvega ko upasthita kara diyA hai| anirvacanIya rasAnubhUti ko utpanna karane kA prayAsa za-doM ke dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai| yaha kAvya kA siddhAnta hai ki kAvya kA vAcya sarvatra vizeSa hotA hai| vAcya ke isI vizeSattva ko prakaTa karane ke liye bhASA ko bhI vizeSattva prApta karanA hotA hai| mahAkavi ne ukta samasta prAkRta-padyoM meM zabdoM ko-hrasva evaM laghu rUpa meM prayukta kara vyavahArika sAdhAraNatva kA atikramaNa kara asAdhAraNa rUpa meM vargoM kI yojanA kI hai aura kAvya ke saMgIta dharma ko upasthita kiyA hai / hiaAhi api dukkhao saravarae dhudapakkho / (416), parahaamahara palAviNI (4124), piaama viraha kilAmiavaaNao (4128), phalihasilAhaNimmalaNijjhara (4150), pasipiaamasuMdarie (4153), Adi padoM dvArA hRdaya kI asphuTa bAta bhASA meM abhivyakta karane kA kavi ne prayAsa kiyA hai| ukta sabhI pada artha ko vicitra dhvanitaraMga dvArA vistRta kara hRdaya kI gambhIra aura vyApaka bhAvanAoM ko citrita karate haiN| ina padoM meM saMgIta kI eka aisI madhura jhaMkAra hai, jisase hRttantriyA~ zabdAyamAna hue binA nahIM rhtii| kavi ne jahA~ ukta prAkRta padyoM meM saMgItadharmoM kA niyojana kiyA hai vahA~ katipaya upamAnoM dvArA citradharma kI bhI sthApanA kI hai / bAhya meM kisI vastu yA ghaTanA ke smRtidhRta sphuTa-asphuTa citra ko mana ke parade meM aMkita kara usakI sahAyatA se vaktavya kI abhivyakti karane ke hetu mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne upamAnoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| indriyAnubhUti dvArA jina padArthoM ke saMskAra hamAre hRdaya-paTala para par3ate haiM, unheM upamAnoM dvArA hI preSaNIya banAyA jA sakatA hai| urvazI ke nakha-zikha saundarya kI abhivyaJjanA ke hetu mialoaNi (48, 4|56)-mRglocnii, haMsagai (4 / 20, 4|56)-hNsgti, aMbaramANa (4 / 23) -aMbaramAna, arthAt meghasamAna prabhRti upamAnoM kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / mRgalocanI upamAna kevala nAyikA kI bar3I-bar3I A~khoM kI hI abhivyaJjanA nahIM karatA, apitu nAyikA kI satarkatA kI bhI abhivyaJjanA karatA hai yaha upamAna mana ke amUrta bhAvoM ko mUrta rUpa detA hai| isI prakAra 'haMsagati' upamAna se bhI nAyikA kI sundara mantharagati to abhivyakta hotI hI hai, sAtha hI usakA rUpalAvaNya bhI mUttimAna ho jAtA hai| 'aMvarasamAna' upamAna dvArA kavi ne gaja ke kRSNavarNa kI vyaJjanA ke sAtha usake vizAla rUpa kI bhI abhivyakti kI hai| isa prakAra mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne daihika evaM mAnasika anubhUtiyoM ke liye prakRti se vividha prakAra ke upamAna ukta prAkRta-padyoM meM prayukta kiye haiN| ina upamAnoM ke atirikta kavi guNavAcaka, kriyAvAcaka aura mAnasika avasthAvAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga kara bhI viraha kI sthiti para prakAza DAlA hai| goroaNA kukumavaNNA' (4 / 36), 'diTThI' (4 / 32), 'sikkhiu' (4 / 32) jaise gaNavAcaka evaM kriyAvAcaka zabdoM se bhAvoM ko gatizIla banAyA hai| mAnasika avasthA kI abhivyakti - dh mh w bh dydr fr`y fr` f`wm sh`r `r frqwn `lmh w frm dh mh wh wh h r drwd `qdh m` m nfkhft hnqn`Tf `f `nh `f pAvana abhiyApAryapravara abhinaya zrIAnanda anyazrIAnandagrantha
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________________ aAyA 1THzAcArya . Na m WANASAMPADMAANAANNAIANAANABAJAJANKARARIAABAJAJAJAJAMIABANADARADAana.00 MORE 17G 2 Camwaminirommonww wwimaraviwarwaiwwmmmmmawwarawermentariniriwwwimmamme naww.iane 100 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya to kavi ne zabdoM kI yojanA dvArA bar3e sundara DhaMga se kI hai| zabda hI hRdaya kI bhAva-vibhora avasthA ko upasthita karane meM sakSamya haiM / yathA : pikakAriNI vicchoiao gurusoANala diiviao| vAha jalAulaloaNalo karivaru bhamaI smaaulo||-4|29 arthAt apanI pyArI hathinI ke vichoha kI bhayaMkara Aga meM jalatA huA aura rotA huA yaha hAthI vyAkula hokara ghUma rahA hai| apabhraMza chanda paramparA kI tukAnta pravRtti athavA tAla chandoM kA sarvaprathama darzana hameM ukta prAkRtaapabhraMza padyoM meM milatA hai| inameM aneka lokagItAtmaka chandoM kA prayoga huA hai jo paravartI kaI chandoM ke Adima rUpoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / carcarI gItiyoM ke viziSTa adhyayana hetu bhI ye padya bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa siddha hoMge / 24 mAtrAvAlA eka aisA chanda bhI vidyamAna hai jise kucha vidvAnoM ne rolA chanda kA Adima rUpa mAnA hai| vikramorvazIya nATaka ke caturtha aMka meM prastuta prAkRta-padyoM kA chandoM kI dRSTi se vizada vizleSaNa yahA~ prasaMgAnukUla nahIM hai / prakAzita saMskaraNoM kI pramAdajanya azuddhiyoM ke kAraNa vaha sahaja sambhava bhI nahIM, kintu saMkSepa meM unakA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai :1. gAthA 411, 1 / 4, 4 / 5, 2. gAhU 4 / 3, 4 / 6, 4 / 16, 4 / 35, 4143, 4148, 4 / 64, 4176 3. gAthinI 4 / 14, 4 / 23, 4. siMhanI 4153, 5. skandhaka 4150, 471, 6. dohA 4 / 8, 4 / 36, 4 / 41, 7. rasikA chanda8. chappaya 4154, 6. raDDA--- 4 / 28, 4154, 10. madhubhAra-- 4153 11. duvaI 4 / 2, 4 / 26, mahAkavi kAlidAsa dvArA prayukta ukta vividha chanda bhASA meM saMgItAtmakatA evaM citrAtmakatA utpanna karane meM samartha siddha hue haiN| kavi ne mana kI rasapreraNA kI abhivyakti ke hetu zabdAlaMkAroM evaM arthAlaMkAroM ke sAtha ina chandoM kI niyojanA kI hai| vAstava meM hamAre zabda kA artha usakI dhvani evaM citrasampadA para itanA nirbhara rahatA hai ki isa samasta saMgIta mAdhurya evaM citrasampadA ko pRthaka kara dene para zabda kA nirapekSa artha DhUMr3ha pAnA hI kaThina hogaa| kAlidAsa ne ukta prAkRta-apabhraMza padyoM meM apanI prakRti ke anusAra vaidarbhI rIti kA niyojana kiyA hai / madhura kAntapadAvalI ke sAtha asamasyanta pada sarvatra prayukta haiM / prasAda guNa bhI sabhI padyoM meM samAviSTa hai / kRtrimatA athavA balapUrvaka zabda cayana karane kI ceSTA nahIM kI gaI hai / ataeva ukta padya bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se jitane mahatvapUrNa haiM utane hI kAvyamUlyoM kI dRSTi se bhii| IN