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________________ prakIrNaka-sAhitya : eka paricaya DaoN. suSamA siMghavI prakIrNaka-sAhitya bhI jaina Agama vAGmaya kA muktAmaNi hai| eka-eka prakIrgaka prAya: eka viSaya ko pradhAna banAkara usakA vivecana karatA hai| inameM samAdhimaraNa, devacigAna, gajanma, khagolavidyA, jyotirvijJAna evaM AbhyAtiAka unayara ke sUtroM ko carcA hai| koTA khulA vizvavidyAlaya ke udayapura kendra kI nidezaka evaM jainavihAA ne niSNAta DaoN. suSamA jI ne apane Alekha meM prakIrNakoM ke saMbaMdha meM Avazyaka carcA karate hue katipaya prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu se avagata karAyA hai| - sampAdaka umAsvAti aura devavAcaka ke samaya aMga AgamoM ke atirikta zeSa sabhI AgamoM ko prakIrNakoM meM samAhita kiyA jAtA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| arihanta ke upadiSTa zrutoM ke AdhAra para zramaNanirgrantha bhakti bhAvanA tathA zraddhAvaza mUla bhAvanA se dUra na rahate hue jina granthoM kA nirmANa karate haiM unheM prakIrNaka kahate haiN| prakIrNaka ko paribhASita karate hue naMdisUtra-cUrNikAra kahate haiM 'arahaMtamaggauvadiDhe jaM suttamaNusarittA kiMci NijjUhate (niyU~Dha) te savve paiNNaggA; ahavA suttamaNusarato appaNo vayaNakosalleNa jaM dhammadesaNAdisu (gathapaddhatiNA) bhAsate taM savvaM paiNNaga prakIrNaka eka pAribhASika zabda prayoga hai jisake antargata parigaNita pratyeka grantha meM prAya: eka viziSTa viSayavastu susaMhata hai jo Agama sUtroM ke anusAra pratipAdita hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra taka vidvAn sthavira sAdhuoM ne svabuddhi kauzala se dharma tathA jaina tattva jJAna ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAne kI dRSTi se tathA karma-nirjarA ke uddezya se prakIrNakoM kI racanA kii| naMdisUtrakAra ne prakIrNakoM kI sUci ke anta meM "evamAiyAI caurAsItI paiNNagasahassAI bhagavato arahao usahassa' khaa| samavAyAMga sUtra meM bhI prakIrNaka' ke ullekha ke avasara para bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke 84 hajAra ziSyoM dvArA racita 84000 prakIrNaka hone kA nirUpaNa hai| naMdisUtra ke anusAra tIrthakaroM kI jitanI zramaNa sampadA (utkRSTa cAra prakAra kI buddhi vAle divya jJAnI sAdhu ziSya athavA pratyeka buddha) utanI hI prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caudaha hajAra prakIrNaka hote haiN| sthAnAMga sUtra ke dasaveM sthAna meM bhI ina prakIrNakoM ke kucha nAmollekha milate haiN| vyavahArasUtra ke dasaveM uddezaka meM bhI 19 prakIrNakoM kA nAmollekha hai| pAkSika sUtra meM prakIrNakoM kI jo sUci hai vaha naMdisUtra
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________________ prakIrNaka-sAhitya : eka paricaya 461 ke anurUpa hI hai tathApi usameM gaNividyA ke sthAna para ANavibhatti nAma hai, sUryaprajJapti ko vahA~ kAlikasUtra meM ginA hai aura naMdisUtra ke atirikta bhI 7 aura nAma vahA~ haiM jinakA ullekha sthAnAMga va vyavahArasUtra meM hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkA meM bhI 19 prakIrNakoM ke nAma haiN| isameM 12 aMga AgamoM se bhinna aMgabAhya granthoM ko prakIrNaka saMjJA dI hai - 'aMgabAhiracoisa paiNNayajjhAyA', usameM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, RSibhASita Adi ko bhI prakIrNaka hI kahA gayA hai| prakIrNakoM ke kucha nAma joganaMdI aura vidhimArgaprapA nAmaka prAcIna racanAoM meM bhI prApta hote haiN| RSibhASita kA sandarbha samavAyAMga, tattvArthasvopajJabhASya Adi meM bhI prApta hotA hai| naMdisUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra, vyavahArasUtra, dhavalA, pAkSika Adi sUtroM meM ginAe gaye aneka granthoM kA kramaza: viccheda hotA rahA, sAtha hI kaI zreNya mAnya zAstragrantha prakIrNakoM kI zreNI meM jur3ate bhI gaye ataH sarvamAnya rUpa se prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM ho skii| gyAraha aMga. bArahaveM dRSTivAda aura Avazyaka sUtroM ke nAmoM ke bAre meM koI vivAda nahIM rahA aura inheM kabhI prakoNaka saMjJA bhI nahIM dI gii| naMdisUtra meM varNita jaina Agama sAhitya ke vargIkaraNa ke anusAra prakIrNakoM ke rUpa meM svIkRta nau grantha kAlika aura utkAlika ina do vibhAgoM ke antargata ullikhita haiM Agama aMga praviSTa aMga bAhya Avazyaka Avazyaka vyatarikta kAlika utkAlika AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga sthAnAMga samavAyAMga vyAkhyAprajJapti - jJAtAdharmakathAMga upAsakadazAMga antakRddazAMga anuttaraupapAtikadazA praznavyAkaraNadazA vipAkadazA dRSTivAda sAmAyika caturviMzatistava vaMdanA, pratikramaNa kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna
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________________ jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka kAlika ke antargata RSibhASita aura dvIpasAgara prajJapti ina do prakIrNakoM kA ullekha milatA hai tathA utkAlika ke antargata devendrastava, tandulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, gaNividyA, Atura pratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura maraNa vibhakti ina sAta prakIrNakoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM prakIrNakoM kA nAmollekha hone para bhI unheM aMga-praviSTa Agama' Adi kI taraha 'prakIrNaka' zreNI meM vibhAjita nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| sarvaprathama AcArya jinaprabha ke vidhimArgaprapA meM AgamoM kA aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, cUlikA aura prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| naMdisUtra meM aMga Agama, Avazyaka va prakIrNakoM ko svAdhyAya samaya kI apekSA kAlika evaM utkAlika aise do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA thA, kintu kAlAntara meM ina prakIrNakoM ke bAre meM do mahattvapUrNa paripATiyA~ kramaza: vikasita huI ina prakIrNakoM ko bhI Agama kA darjA diyA gyaa| 462 (1) (2) - zvetAmbara sampradAya meM viSayAdi kI apekSAoM se ina prakIrNakoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI huA jaise 12 prakIrNakoM ko upAMga sUtroM ke samakakSa, 6 prakIrNakoM ko cheda sUtroM ke samakakSa tathA 6 prakIrNakoM ko mUlasUtroM ke samakakSa rakhA gayA tathA zeSa avargIkRta prakIrNakoM ko prakIrNaka-Agama ke nAma se hI pukArA jAne lagA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM maMdiramArgI 45 Agama ( 11 aMga + 12 upAMga + 6 cheda + 6 mUla 10 prakIrNaka) tathA sthAnakavAsI 32 Agama (11 aMga + 12 upAMga + 4 mUla + 4 cheda + 1 Avazyaka sUtra) mAnate haiN| tathA digambara paramparA bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda para AdhArita kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi ke atirikta aMga AgamoM ko vilupta mAnatI hai| prophesara sAgara mala jaina ne prakIrNaka kI dasa saMkhyA sambandhI mAnyatA ko paravartI mAnA hai tathA aMga Agama sAhitya ke atirikta sampUrNa aMga bAhya sAhitya ko prakIrNaka ke antargata mAnane kA pakSa prastuta kiyA hai tathA prakIrNaka zabda kA tAtparya 'vividhagraMtha' kiyA hai|) jauharI mala pArakha ne prakIrNaka zabda ko pAribhASika prayoga kahakara prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita grantha ko prAya: eka susaMhata viSayavastu vAlA mAnA hai, unhoMne prakIrNaka zabda ko vistRta, vividha, miksacara Adi sAmAnya artha meM prayukta nahIM mAnA hai| prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| yadyapi mandiramArgI zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA 10 mAnya hai, kintu inameM kaunase grantha samAhita hoM isa viSaya meM matabheda hai / 45 AgamoM meM nimnalikhita 10 2)
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________________ |prakIrNaka-sAhitya : eka paricaya 463] prakIrNaka mAne jAte hai:- 1. catu:zaraNa 2. AturapratyAkhyAna 3. mahApratyAkhyAna 4. bhaktaparijJA 5. nandalavaicArika 6. saMstAraka 7. gacchAcAra 8. gaNividyA 5. devendrastata 10. maraNasamAdhi / __muni puNyavijaya ne cAra alaga-alaga sandarbho meM prakIrNakoM kI alaga-alaga sUciyA~ prastuta kI haiN| kucha granthoM meM ganchAcAra aura garaNa samAdhi ke sthAna para candravaMdhyaka aura vIrastatra ko ginA gayA hai, kahIM bhaktaparijJA ke sthAna para candavedhyaka ko ginA gayA hai| isake atirikta eka hI nAma ke aneka prakIrNaka bhI upalabdha hote haiM yathA 'Aura pancakravANaM' Atura pratyAkhyAna ke nAma se tIna grantha upalabdha hote haiN| muni puNyavijaya ke anusAra prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita 22 grantha haiM:---(1) catu:zAraNa (2) antu pratyAkhyAna (3) bhaktaparijJA (4) saMstAraka (5) naMdalavaicArika (6) candravedhyaka (7) devendrastava (8) gaNividyA (9) mahApratyAkhyAna (10) vIrastava (11) RSibhASita (12) ajIvakalpa (13) gacchAcAra (14) naraNasamAdhi (15) tIrthodgAlika (16) ArAdhanApatAkA (17)dvIpasAgaraprajJapti (18) jyotiSkaraNDaka (19) aMgavidyA (20) siddhaprAbhRta (21) sArAvalI (22) jIvavibhakti - naMdI aura pAkSikasUtra meM utkAlika sUtravibhAga meM deviMdatthaya, taMdulaveyAliya, caMdAvejjhAya, gaNivijjA, garaNavipatti maraNasamAhi, AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, ye sAta nAma aura kAlika sUtravibhAga meM isibhAsiyAI, dIvasAgarapaNNati ye do nAma isa prakAra 9 nAma pAye jAte haiN| katipaya pramukha prakIrNakoM kA paricaya prastuta haiM:1.devidatthao- devendrastava : maMdisUtra aura pAkSika sUtra meM nirdiSTa devendrasnava kula 311 gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai| atyanta Rddhi sampanna devagaNa bhI siddhoM kI stuti karate haiM yahI isa grantha kA sArAMza hai| saMvat 11.80 meM racita AcArya zrI yazodevasUri kRta pAkSikavRtti meM isakA paricaya upalabdha hai :--- 'deviMdatthao ni devendrANAM camaravairocanAdInAm stavana- bhavana-sthityAdi svarUNadivarNanaM yatrAsau devendrastava idi|'' devalokoM kA varNana aura indroM dvArA stutya isa prakAra samAsavigraha parata donoM viSayoM kA varNana isa grantha meM hai| viSayavastu:-zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke samaya meM zAstrajJAtA koI zrAvaka apane ghara meM prAta: stuti karatA hai aura usakI patnI hATa jor3e sunatI hai . zrAvaka ke vaktavya meM battIsa devendra Ate haiM jinheM lakSya kara zrAvaka patnI devendroM ke nAma. rathAna, sthiti, bhavanaparigraha, vimAna sakhyA bhavana saMkhyA. nagara saMkhyA, pRzo bAhulyA, bhavanAdi kI UMcAI, vimAnoM ke varNa, AhAra
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________________ 464 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka grahaNa, ucchvAsa- niHzvAsa aura avabhijJAna se sambandhita teraha prazna pUchatI hai (gAthA 7 se 12) | zrAvaka vistAra se unake uttara detA hai (gAthA 12 se 276) / taduparAnta gAthA 277 se 282 meM ISatprAgbhArapRthvI kA varNana hai / 283 se 309 taka kI gAthAoM meM siddhoM ke sthAna - saMsthAnAdi, upayoga, sukha tathA Rddhi kA nirUpaNa hai tathA anta meM 310 - 311 meM upasaMhAra tathA prastuta prakIrNaka ke kartA isivAliya RSipAlita sthavira kA nAmollekha hai| devendrastava kI viSayavastu Agama-sAhitya meM sthAnAMgasUtra. samavAyAMgasUtra, prajJApanAsUtra, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jIvAbhigamasUtra Adi meM aneka sthaloM para upalabdha hone se tulanIya hai|" eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : 6 5 / tIsA 1 cattAlIsA 2 cottIsaM ceva sayasahassAI 3 // chAyAlA 4 chatIsA 5-10 uttarao hoMti bhavaNAI / / (prajJApanaH sUtra 187, gAthA 141) tIsA cattAlIsA cautIsaM ceva sayasahassAiM / chattIsA chAyAlA uttarao hu~ti bhavaNAI / / (deviMdatthao, gAthA 42 ) arthAt uttara dizA kI ora (asura kumAroM ke) tIsa lAkha, (nAga kumAroM ke) cAlIsa lAkha (suparNa kumAroM ke) cauMtIsa lAkha, (vAyu kumAroM ke) chiyAlIsa lAkha aura (dvIpa, udadhi, vidyuta, stanita evaM agni ina pA~ca kumAroM ke, pratyeka ke ) chattIsa lAkha bhavana hote haiN| 2. taMdulaveyAliya paiNNaya : (247 taMdula vaicArika prakIrNaka eka gadya-padya mizrita racanA hai| hA AlApaka bhagavatI se bhI liye gaye hai| isakA sarvaprathama ullekha naMdI evaM pAkSikasUtra meM prApta honA hai| naMdIsUtracUrNi aura vRtti meM isakA paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai, kintu pAkSika sUtra kI vRtti meM paricaya meM kahA gayA hai ki sau varSa kI AyuvAlA manuSya jitanA cAvala pratidina khAtA hai usakI jitanI saMkhyA hotI hai usI ke upalakSaNa rUpa (pratyeka viSaya kI) saMkhyA vicAra ko taMdula vaicArika kahate haiN| Avazyaka cUrNi tathA nizItha-sUtra cUrNi meM isa prakIrNaka kA ullekha utkAlika sUtra ke rUpa meM huA hai / dazavaikAlika cUrNi meM jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne "kAladasA 'bAlA maMdA, kiDDA' jahA "taMdulaveyAlie" kahakara naMdula vaicArika kA ullekha kiyA hai| taMdulavaicArika ke varNanoM meM sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, anuyogadvAra aura aupapAtika sUtra Adi ke aMzoM se sAmya hone tathA bhASA viSayaka adhyayana evaM anya granthoM meM isa prakIrNaka ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne isakA samaya 196
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________________ prakIrNaka-sAhitya: eka paricaya IsavI san kI prathama zatI se lekara pA~cavI zatI ke bIca mAnA hai| viSayavastu :- taMdulavaicArika meM prANivijJAna sambandhI kaI prAsaMgika bAtoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isake prArambha meM garbhAvasthA kI avadhi, garbhotpatniyogya yoni kA svarUpa, strIyoni tathA puruSavIrya kA pramlAnakAla, garbhApati evaM garbhagata jIva kA vikAsa krama, garbhagata jIva kA AhAra pariNAma, garbhagata jIva ke mAtA aura pitA sambandhI aMga, garbhAvasthA meM marane vAle jIva kI gati, garbha ke cAra prakAra, garbhaniSkramaNa, garbhavAsa kA svarUpa, manuSya kI sau varSa kI Ayu kA dasa dazAoM meM vibhAjana kA varNana, jIvana kI dasa dazAoM meM sukha duHkha ke vivekapUrvaka dharmasAdhanA kA upadeza, vartamAna manuSyoM ke deha - saMhanana kA hrAsa, dhArmika jana kI prazaMsA Adi kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM sau varSa ke vyakti dvArA sAr3he bAIsa vAha (saMkhyA vizeSa) taMdula khAye jAne kA varNana kara usa vyakti dvArA khAye jAne vAle snigdha dravya aura lavaNa kA mApa tathA usake paridhAna vastroM kA pramANa bhI batAyA hai / samaya, AvalikA Adi kAla mAna tathA kAlamAnadarzaka ghar3I ko batAne ke liye ghar3I banAne kI vidhi batAI hai / tadanantara eka varSa ke mAsa, pakSa aura ahorAtra kA parimANa tathA ahorAtra, mAsa, varSa aura sau varSa ke ucchvAsa kI saMkhyA batAI gaI hai| anta meM anityatA kA svarUpa, zarIra kA svarUpa usakA asundaratva aura azubhatva, azucitva Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| strI ke aMgopAMgoM kA nirUpaNa kara vairAgya utpatti hetu nAnA prakAra se use azuni aura doSoM kA sthAna batAyA hai| dharma ke mAhAtmya kA pratipAdana karate hue upasaMhAra karate hue kahate haiM ki isa zarIra kA gaNita se artha prakaTa kara diyA hai arthAt vizleSaNa karake usake svarUpa ko batA diyA hai, jise sunakara jIva samyaktva aura mokSarUpI kamala ko prApta karatA hai| 11.5 / una isa grantha kI advitIya aura durlabha vizeSatA hai ki isameM sabhI viSayoM ko pahale vyavahAra gaNita dvArA dekhA gayA hai tadanantara use sUkSma aura nizcayagata gaNita se samajhane kA prayojana prastuta kiyA gayA hai T 3. caMdAve jjhayaM paiNNaya candrAvedhyaka prakIrNaka ise candravedhyaka prakIrNaka bhI kahate haiM ! candravedhyaka prakIrNaka kI aneka gAthAe~ AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathA aura anuyogadvAra meM niyuktiyoM meM Avazyakaniryukti, uttarAdhyayananiyukti, dazavaikAlikaniyukti aura oghaniyukti meM; prakIrNakoM meM maraNavibhakti, bhaktaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, tinthogAlI, AradhanApatAka evaM gacchAcAra meM; tathA yApanIya evaM digmbaraparamparA mAnya '-- n 465
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________________ 466 jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka granthoM meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, niyamasAra, aSTapAhuDa (sunapAhuDa) vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM milatI haiN|" (P) meM; tathA bhASya sAhitya meM candrAvedhyaka prakIrNaka eka padyAtmaka racanA hai| isameM kula 175 gAthAe~ haiN| candrAvedhyaka kA ullekha naTisUtra evaM pAkSika sUtra tathA naMdicUrNi AvazyakacUrNi aura nizIthacUrNi meM milatA hai| isakA paricaya pAkSika sUtra kI vRtti meM isa prakAra diyA hai- "caMdAvejjhaya ti iha candra- yantraputrikAkSigolako gRhyate, tathA A maryAdayA vidhyate iti Avedhyam, tadevAdhyakam, candralakSaNamAvedhyakaM candrAvedhyakam rAdhAvedha ityarthaH / tadupamAnamaraNArAdhanA- pratipAdako granthavizeSa: candrAvedhyakamiti (patra 63) arthAt jisa prakAra svayaMvara meM U~ce khambhe para ghUmatI huI puttalikA kI A~kha ko bedhane ke liye atyanta sAvadhAnI tathA apramattatA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai tathaiva maraNa samaya kI ArAdhanA meM AtmakalyANa ke liye atyanta sAvadhAnI aura apramattatA honI caahiye| caMdrAvedhyaka ko rAdhAvedha kI upamA dI gaI hai| kyoMki isa grantha meM jo AcAra ke niyana Adi batAe gae haiM unakA pAlana karanA candrakavedha (rAdhAvedha) ke samAna hI kaThina hai| viSayavastu :- isa grantha meM sAta dvAroM se nimna sAta guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA haiM - (1) vinayaguNa (2) AcArya guNa (3) ziSya guNa (4) vinayanigraha guNa (5) jJAna guNa (6) cAritraguNa (7) garaNaguNa | vinayaguNa kA nirUpaNa gAthA 4 se 21 meM huA hai| vidyApradAtA guru kA anAdara karane vAle avinIta ziSya kI vidyA niSphala hotI hai tathA vaha saMsAra meM apakIrti kA bhAgI banatA hai| avinIta ziSya ke doSoM tathA vinIta ziSya ke guNa aura usase lAbha kA atyanta hRdayahArI citraNa isameM huA hai| vidyA aura guru kA tiraskAra karane vAle avinIta ziSya ko RSighAtaka taka kahA hai: - vijjaM paribhavamANo AyariyANaM guNe'payAsito rizighAyagANa loyaM vaccai micchattasaMjutte / / gAthA, 1. yahA~ vinaya kA artha vidyA se liyA gayA pratIta hotA hai jaisA ki mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza ke prathama sarga meM "prajAnAM vinayAdhAnAT rakSaNAd bharaNAdapi sa pitA kahakara vinaya kA artha vidyA- zikSA kiyA hai| vidyA - zikSA Adi kI sampUrNa vyavasthA rAjA ke dvArA kI jAne se rAjA ko prajA kA pitA kahA hai| AcAryaguNa kA nirUpaNa gAthA 22 se 36 taka huA hai jinameM AcArya ko pRthvI sama sahanazIla, meru sama akaMpa, dharma meM sthita, caMdra sama saumya; zilpAdi kalA pAraMgata tathA paramArtha prarUpaka prastuta kiyA gayA haiM jinakA Adara karane se hone vAle lAbhoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai /
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________________ prakIrNaka sAhitya eka paricaya ziSyaguNa laghutAvAlA, vinIta, mamatvavAlA, guNajJa, sujana, sahanazIla, AcArya ke abhiprAya kA jJAtA tathA SaDvidha vinaya ko jAnane vAlA, dasa prakAra kI vaiyAvRtya meM tatpara, svAdhyAyI Adi ziSyaguNoM kA nirUpaNa gAthA 37 se 53 taka kiyA gayA hai| vinayanigraha guNa ke mAdhyama se gAthA 54 se 67 meM vinayaguNa ko mokSa kA dvAra batAyA gayA hai| bahuzruta hone para bhI vinayahIna hone para vaha alpazruta puruSa kI zreNI meM hI parigaNita hotA hai| aMdhapuruSa ke sAmane lAkhoM dIpaka ke nirarthaka hone ke samAna vinayahIna dvArA jAnA gayA vipula zruta bhI nirarthaka kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra kramazaH jJAnaguNa ( gAthA 68 se 99), cAritraguNa ( gAthA 100 - 116) tathA maraNaguNa ( gAthA 117 - 73) Adi kA yathArtha nirUpaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jJAna aura cAritrayukta puruSa dhanya haiM, gRhapAza ke baMdhanoM se mukta hokara jo puruSa prayatnapUrvaka cAritra kA sevana karate haiM ve dhanya haiN| aniyaMtrita azva para ArUr3ha hokara binA taiyArI ke yadi koI zatru senA kA mukAbalA karatA hai to vaha yoddhA aura azva donoM saMgrAma meM parAjita hote haiM tathaiva mRtyu ke samaya pUrva taiyArI ke binA parISaha sahana asaMbhava hai aisA nirdeza kara candrAvedhyaka nAma ko sArthaka karate hue isa prakIrNaka meM mRtyu pUrva sAdhanA kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| anyatra citta rUpI doSa ke kAraNa yadi koI vyakti thor3A bhI pramAda karatA hai to vaha dhanuSa para tIra car3hAkara bhI candravedha ko nahIM vedha pAtA hai / candravedha kI taraha mokSa mArga meM prayatnazIla AtmA ko sadaiva hI apramAdI hokara nirantara guNoM kI prApti kA prayAsa karanA cAhiye / 4. gaNivijjA (22) (23) (24) * gaNividyA prakIrNaka kA ullekha, naMdisUtra tathA pAkSika sUtra meM hai| naMdisUtra kI cUrNi meM isakA paricaya nimna prakAreNa hai - "sabAlavuDDhAulo gaccho gaNo, so jassa atthi so gaNI, vijjattiNANaM, taM ca joisanimittagataM NAtuM pasatthesu ime kajje kareti, taMjahA - pavvAvaNA 1 sAmAiyArovaNaM 2 uvaTThAvaNA 3 suttassa usa samudesA'NuNAto 4 gaNArovaNaM 5 disApuNNA 6 khettesu ya giggamapavesA 6 evamAiyAkajjA jesu tihi-karaNa - Nakkhatta muhuttajogesu ya je jattha karaNijjA te jatthaajjhayaNe vaNNijaMti tamajjhayaNaM gaNividyA" arthAt-gaNa kA artha hai samasta bAlavRddha muniyoM kA smuuh| jo aise gaNa kA svAmI hai vaha gaNI kahalAtA hai| vidyA kA artha hotA hai jJAna / jyotiSanimitta viSayaka jJAna ke AdhAra para jisa grantha meM dIkSA, sAmAyika kA AropaNa, vrata meM sthApanA, zruta sambandhita upadeza, samuddeza, anujJA, gaNa
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________________ 468 jinavANI- jainAgama- sAhitya vizeSAGka kA AropaNa, dizAnujJA, nirgama (vihAra), praveza Adi kAryoM ke sambandha meM tithi, karaNa, nakSatra, muhUrta evaM yoga kA nirdeza ho vaha gaNividyA kahalAtA hai| (nanditaM prA.Te. so; ahamadAbAda, pR0 71 ) viSayavastu :- gaNividyA prakIrNaka meM nau viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai :divasatithi nakSatra, karaNa, graha, muhUrta, zakunabala lagnabala aura nimittabala isameM divasa ke balAbala vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai / candramA kI eka kalA ko tithi mAnA jAtA hai| ina tithiyoM kA nAmakaraNa nandA, bhadrA, vijayA, riktA, pUrNA Adi rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai| tAroM ke samudAya ko nakSatra kahate haiM / ina nArA samUhoM se AkAza meM banane vAlI azva, hAthI, sarpa, hAtha Adi kI AkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para nakSatra kA nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| tithi ke Adhe bhAga ko karaNa kahate hai| jisa dina kI prathama horA kA jo gRhasvAmI hotA hai| usa dina usI graha ke nAma kA vAra (divasa) rahatA hai ye sAta haiM - ravi, soma maMgala, budha, bRhaspati, zukra evaM zani / tIsa muhUrta kA eka dina-rAta hotA hai / pratyeka kArya ko karane ke pUrva ghaTita hone vAle zubhatva yA azubhatva kA vicAra karanA zakuna kahalAtA hai| lagna kA artha hai * vaha kSaNa jisameM sUrya kA praveza kisI rAzi vizeSa meM hotA hai| lagna ke AdhAra para kisI kArya ke zubha -azubha phala kA vicAra karanA lagna zAstra kahA jAtA hai| bhaviSya Adi jAnane ke prakAra ko nimitta kahA jAtA hai| gaNividyA prakIrNaka meM dainaMdina jIvana ke vyavahAra, gamana, adhyayana, svAdhyAya, dIkSA, vratasthApana Adi ke lie upayogI evaM anupayogI divasa, tithi, nakSatra, karaNa, graha muhUrta, zakuna, lagna aura nimittoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai tathA inheM uttarottara balavAna kahA hai| -- gaNividyA prakIrNaka aura anya Agama evaM jyotiSa granthoM ka tulanAtmaka vivaraNa gaNivijjApaiNNayaM meM diyA gayA hai| 5. maraNavibhatti paiNNaya: (27 maraNavibhakti prakIrNaka ko maraNasamAdhi prakIrNaka nAma se bhI jAna jAtA hai, jisameM kathAoM ke prasaMga se anta samaya kI sAdhanA kA nirUpaNa hai isakA paricaya naMdisUtra kI cUrNi aura vRtti meM prAya: samAna rUpa se milatA hai ki 'maraNa kA artha hai pApa tyAga / maraNa ke prazasta aura aprazasta ina do bheda kA jisameM vistAra se varNana hai vaha adhyayana garaNa-vibhakti kahalAtA pAkSikasUtra meM ukta paricaya dete hue maraNa ke satraha bheda batAe gae haiN| paramparAgata mAnya dasa prakIrNakoM meM yaha sabase bar3A hai| isameM 661 gAthAe~ haiM granthakAra ke anusAra (1) maraNavibhakti (2) maraNavizodhi (3) maraNasamAdhi (4) saMlekhanAzruta (5) bhaktaparijJA (6) AturapratyAkhyAna (7) mahApratyAkhyAna (28
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________________ prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka paricaya 469 (8) ArAdhanA ina ATha prAcIna zrutagranthoM ke AdhAra para prastuta prakIrNaka kI racanA huI hai| viSayavastu :- darzana-ArAdhanA, jJAna-ArAdhanA aura cAritra ArAdhanA ye ArAdhanA ke tIna bheda haiN| tatvArtha zraddhA ke binA jIva bhUtakAla meM ananta bAra bAlamaraNa se mRtyu ko prApta kara cuke haiM aisA kahakara gAthA 22 se 44 taka paMDitamaraNa kA saMkSipta nirUpaNa kiyA hai| mana meM zalya rakhakara mRtyu prApta karane vAle jIva duHkhI hote haiM, isake viparIta ahaMkAratyAgapUrvaka cAritra aura zIla se yukta jo samAdhibharaNa prApta karate haiM ve ArAdhaka hote haiN| isameM samAdhimaraNa vidhi kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| samAdhimaraNa ke kAraNabhUta caudaha dvAra AlocanA, saMlekhanA kSamApanA kAla, utsarga, udgrAsa, saMthArA, nisarga, vairAgya, mokSa, dhyAna vizeSa, lezyA, samyaktva, pAdopagamana kA nirUpaNa haiN| AlocanA ke dasa doSa, tapa ke bheda, cAritra ke guNa, Atmavizuddhi ke upAyoM kA vistAra se varNana hai / ArAdhanA ke tIna prakAra (utkRSTA - madhyamA - jaghanyA), cAra skandha (darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa) kA varNana hai| niryApaka AcArya kA svarUpa vistAra se batAyA hai| zarIra se mamatva tyAga, parISahajaya tathA azubhadhyAna- tyAga sambandhI dRSTAntoM se viSayavastu ko puSTa kiyA hai / vividha upasarga sahana ke ullekhoM meM pramukha hai - jinadharmazreSThI, metAryaRSi, cilAtIputra, gajasukumAla, sAgaracaMdra, avaMtIsukumAla, caMdrAvataMsakanRpa, damadAnta maharSi, khaMdakamuni, dhanyazAlibhadra, pA~ca pANDava, daMDa anagAra, sukozala muni, vajrarSi, arhannaka, cANakya tathA ilAputra / 22 parISaha sahana karane sambandhI udAharaNoM meM hastimitra, dhanamitra, Arya zrI bhrabAhuziSya muni catuSka Adi bAIsa dRSTAnta diye haiM jo prAya: uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI nemicandrIya TIkA meM haiM ! 'dharma pAlana karane vAle matsyAdi tiryaMcoM ke udAharaNa bhI diye haiN| maraNavibhakti kI gAthA 525 se 550 meM pAdapopagamana maraNa kA svarUpa nirUpaNa hai / 570 se 640 gAthA meM bAraha bhAvanA kA vistRta vivecana hai aura anta meM nirvedajanaka upadezapUrvaka paMDita maraNa kA nirUpaNa kara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA hai| (30) 6. AurapaccakkhANaM suyon - AturapratyAkhyAna paiNNayasuktAI grantha meM (pR. 160,305, 329) para prakAzita Atura pratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka nAma ke tIna prakIrNaka sUtra haiN| inameM se antima vIrabhadrakRta prakIrNaka meM 71 gAthAe~ haiM / ise antakAla prakIrNaka yA bRhadAtura pratyAkhyAna bhI kahate haiN| dasavIM gAthA ke pazcAt kucha gadyAMza bhI haiN| maraNa ke tIna bheda (bAlamaraNa, bAlapaMDitamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa)
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________________ 470 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka ke nirUpaNa ke atirikta isameM ekatva bhAvanA, pratikramaNa, AlocanA, kSamApanA kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| asamAdhipUrvaka maraNa prApta karane vAle ArAdhaka nahIM kahe jAte / zastragrahaNa, viSabhakSaNa, Aga se jalanA, jala meM praveza Adi se maranA bAlamaraNa meM parigaNita kiyA hai| paMDitamaraNa kI ArAdhanA vidhi kA varNana kara maraNakAla meM pratyAkhyAna karane vAle ko dhIra, jJAnI aura zAzvata sthAna prApta karane vAlA kahA hai| "Auro - gilANo, taM kiriyAtItaM gAtuM gIyatthA paccakkhAveMti, diNe diNe davvahAsa kareMtA aMte ya savvadavvadAtaNatAe bhane veraggaM jaNeMtA bhatte nittaNharasa bhavacarimapaccakkhANaM kAreMti etaM jattha'jjJayaNe savittharaM vaNijjai tamajjJayaNaM AurapaccakkhANaM" naMdisUtra cUrNi ke isa paricaya kA artha hI isa prakIrNaka kA sArAMza hai ki jise asAdhya roga ho aise Atura (bImAra) muni ko gItArtha puruSa pratidina khAdya dravya kama karAkara pratyAkhyAna karAtA hai, aMta meM bImAra muni AhAra ke viSaya meM vairAgya pAkara anAsakta ho jAya taba jIvanaparyanta AhAra tyAga kA pratyAkhyAna karAne kA varNana jisameM hai vaha Atura pratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka hai| (32) 7. mahApaccakkhANa' mahApratyAkhyAna - naMdisUtracUrNa meM upalabdha mahApratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka ke paricaya ke anusAra jo sthavirakalpI jIvana kI antima velA meM vihAra karane meM asamartha hote haiM unake dvArA jo anazana vrata (samAdhimaraNa) svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, una sabakA jisameM vistRta varNana ho use mahApratyAkhyAna kahate haiN| mahApratyAkhyAna meM kula 142 gAthAe~ haiM, jinameM duzcaritra tyAga kI vividha pratijJA, sarvajIvakSamApanA niMdA-garhA - AlocanA, mamatvacheda, AtmadharmasvarUpa, mUlaguNa uttaraguNa kI virAdhanA kI niMdA, ekatva bhAvanA, mithyAtvamAyA tyAga, Alocaka svarUpa aura usakA mokSagAmitva, ArAdhanA kA mahattva, bheda ArAdhanApatAkA prApti Adi vividha viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sabhI jIvoM ke prati kSamApanA dhIra maraNa kI prazaMsA aura pratyAkhyAna kA phala isa prakIrNaka ke mukhya viSaya haiN| J 8 . isimAsiyAI RSibhASita - yaha prakIrNaka sAhitya meM prAcInatama grantha hai RSibhASita prakIrNaka sUtra meM 45 RSiyoM ke upadeza rUpa 45 adhyayana haiN| ye 45 RSi pratyeka buddha the| inameM bIsa neminAtha ke zAsanakAla meM, pandraha pArzvanAtha ke zAsanakAla meM aura dasa varddhamAna mahAvIra svAmI ke zAsanakAla meM hone kA ullekha isimAsiyANaM saMgrahaNI ke prathama zloka meM hai| grantha meM ina paiMtAlIsa RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai| 1331
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________________ prakIrNaka-sAhitya : eka paricaya : prathama adhyAya meM deva-RSi nArada ke upadezoM meM ahiMsA-satya-asteya tathA brahmacarya aparigraha ko milAkara eka isa prakAra cAra zauca kA vArNana hai| sAdhaka ko satyavAdI, dattabhojI aura brahmavArI hone ke nirdeza haiN| dvitIya adhyAya meM vajjIyaputta (vAtsIyaputra) ke upadeza- karma hI janmamaraNa kA hetu hai, jJAna aura citta kI zuddhi se. karma-santati kA kSaya aura nirvANa prApti - kA varNana hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM asita daivala ke kaSAyavijaya upadeza kA aMkana hai| asita daivala jaina, bauddha, aupaniSadika tInoM dhArAoM meM mAnya haiN| caturtha adhyAya meM aMgirasa bhAradvAja manuSya ko dohare jIvana ko chor3akara antara kI sAdhu manovRtti apanAne kA upadeza dete haiN| paMcama adhyAya meM puSpazAlaputra samAdhimaraNa evaM AtmajJAna dvArA samAdhi prApti kA upadeza dete haiN|35 chaThe valkalacIrI adhyAya meM nArI ke durguNoM kI carcA hai| sAtaveM kummAputta (kUrmAputra) adhyAya meM kAmanA-parityAga kA nirUpaNa haiN| AThaveM ketaliputra adhyAya meM rAgadveSa rUpI granthi cheda kA varNana hai| naveM mahAkAzyapa adhyAya meM karma-siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA ko hai| dasaveM tetaliputra adhyAya meM anAsthA aura avizvAsa ko vairAgya kA kAraNa batAyA hai| gyArahaveM maMkhalipatra adhyayana meM tAraNahArI gurU kA svarUpa varNita hai| bArahaveM se lekara paiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya taka kramaza: nimna RSiyoM ke upadeza. saMkalita haiM' (12) yAjJavalkya (13)bhayAli (14) bAhuka (15) madhurAyana (16) zauryAyaNa (17) vidura (18) vAriSeNa (19) AryAyaNa (20) (RSi kA ullekha nahIM) (21) gAthApatiputra (22) gardabhAli (23) rAmaputra (24) harigiri (25) ambaDa (26) mAtaMga (27) vArattaka (28) Ardraka (29) varddhamAna (30) vAyu. (31) arhat pArzva (32) piMga (33) mahAzAlaputra (34) RSigiri (35) uddAlaka (36) nArAyaNa (37) zrIgiri (38) sAriputra (39) saMjaya (40) dvaipAyana (41) indranAga (42) soma (43) yama (44) varuNa (45) vaishrmnn| ina paiMtAlIsa RSiyoM ko 'arhat RSi-mukta - mokSa prApta kahA gayA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra ke 44 samavAya meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyAyoM kA ullekha hai| isase isakI prAcInatA svayaMsiddha hai| jaina-bauddha-Arya tInoM darzanoM ke upadezoM ke mela kA yaha anUThA saMgraha hai| 9.dIvasAgarapaNNattisaMgahaNIgAhAo :-- dvIpasAgara prajJapti prakIrNaka meM 225 gAthAe~. haiN| sabhI gAthAe~ madhyaloka meM manuSya kSetra arthAt DhAI dvIpa ke Age ke dvIpa evaM sAgaroM kI saMracanA ko prakaTa karatI haiN| grantha ke samApana meM kahA gayA hai ki jo dvIpa aura samudra jitane lAkha yojana vistAra vAlA hotA hai vahA~ utanI hI candra aura sUryoM kI paMktiyA~ hotI haiN|
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________________ 1472 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka 10 vIratthava : vIrastava - 43 gAthAoM meM racita isa vIrastava prakIrNaka meM mahAvIra kI stuti unake chabbIsa nAmoM dvArA kI gaI hai| isameM 26 nAmoM kA alaga-alaga anvayArtha bhI batAyA gayA hai| prathama gAthA maMgala aura abhidheya rUpa hai, taduparAnta mahAvIra ke nimna 26 nAmoM kA ullekha hai :.(1) arUha (2) arihaMta (3) arahaMta (4) deva (5) jiNa (6) vIra (7) paramakAruNika (8) sarvajJa (9) sarvadarzI (10) pAraga (11) trikAlavid (12) nAtha (13) vItarAga (14) kevalI (15) tribhuvanaguru (16) sarva (17) tribhuvana variSTha (18) bhagavAn (19) tIrthakara (20) zakranamaskRta (21) jinendra (22) varddhamAna (23) hari (24) hara (25) kamalAsana aura (26) buddha varddhamAna mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma-mahotsava ke upalakSya meM jaina Agama-paricaya ke prasaMga meM pramukha prakIrNakoM kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zeSa prakIrNakoM hetu udayapura Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA ke anya prakAzana avalokanIya haiN| maraNavibhattipaiNNayaM kA anuvAda evaM sampAdana isa lekha kI lekhikA dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai| prakIrNakoM meM prAya: eka susaMhata viSaya kA nirUpaNa hai, ata: inakA svAdhyAya upayogI hogaa| prakIrNakoM kI gAthAoM ke sandarbha aMgoM meM, aMga bAhaya AgamoM meM, zvetAmbara yA digambara sarvamAnya prAcIna zreNya granthoM va zAstroM meM, vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM, jainetara granthoM Adi meM upalabdha hone se prakIrNaka sAhitya vibhinna sampradAyoM, AmnAyoM, vicAra-dhArAoM ko eka sUtra meM pirone meM sahAyaka siddha hoNge| saMdarbha naMdisUtracUrNi; (sampA.) muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, 1966,pR. 60 naMdisUtra; (sampA.) munimadhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, sUtra 81, pR.
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________________ - - |prakIrNaka-sAhitya : eka paricaya : : : : 4731 ThANAga sUtra ; Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, sUtra 7555 vyavahAra sUtra; (sampA.) kanhaiyAlAla kamala, Agama anuyoga TrasTa ahamadAgada, uddezaka 10 pAkSika sUtra, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra samiti, pR. 76-77 dhavalA pustaka 13 khaNDa VibhAga V/ sUtra 4.. pR.276. ughRta jainendra siddhAnta koSa , bhAga 4, pR.70 vidhimArgaprapA (sampA.) jinavijaya, pR. 57-58 : prakIrNaka sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsAH (sAMpI.) sAgaramala evaM sureza sisodiyA, Agama ahiMsA samatA eva prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, 1995 meM prakAzita lekha 'agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahatva racanAkAla evaM racayitA, nR.2,3 --vahI - 'prakoNakoM ko pANDulipiyA~ aura prakAzita saMskaraNa', pR. 68 (a) devendra muni ; jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pR.38.8. (ba) muni nagaraHja: Agama ra tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana, pR.486 (sa) zAstrI, DaoN. kailAza candra : prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR.197 11. paieNayasuttaHI; (sampA.) munipuNyavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1984 bhAga 1, prastAvanA pR. 21 abhidhAna rAjendra koSa, bhAga 2, pR. 41 koThArI, subhASa : deviMdatthao, Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA, udayapura 1988, bhUmikA pR. xxxiv se xxxxi koThArI, subhASa : taMdulaveyAliyapaiNNayaM, Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA, udayapura 1991 "taMdulaveyAliyaM ti tandulAnAM varSazatAyuSkapuruSapratidinabhoNyAnAM saMkhyA vicAreNopalazito granthavizeSaH tandulavaicArikamiti " pAkSikasUtravRtti, patra 13 16. (a) AvazyakacUrNi, (sampA.)RSabhadeva kezarImala, zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma,1929, bhAga 2, pR.224 (ba) nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 4, pR. 235 (sa) dazavaikAlikacUrNi, ratalAma, 1933, pR. 5 17. taMdulaveyAliyapaiNNaya, udayapura, pRSTha 8 58. "ta evaM addhattevIsaM taMdulavAhe bhuMjato ----..---- eyaM gaNiyapamANa duvihaM bhaNiyaM maharisIhi ...' taMdulaveyAliyapaiNNaya, 80, pR. 32 vavahAraNiyadi8 suhuyaM vinicchayagaya muNeyadhvaM / jai evaM na vi evaM visamA gaNNA muNeyadhyA / /
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________________ ... Madi 20 21. 25. 26. 28. - taMdulaveyAliyapaiNNaya,81pR. 33 caMdAvejjhayaM paiNNaya (sampA.) sureza sisodiyA, Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA, 6, udayapura 1991 - vahI-, prastAvanA pRSTha 22 se 35 . - vahI-, prastAvanA gAthA 117 se 119 __vahI-, prastAvanA gAthA 129 se 130 gaNivijjApaiNNaya (sampA.) subhASa koThArI, Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA 10, udayapura 1994 . . naMdisuttaM, prAkRta TaiksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, pR. 58 gaNivijjApaiNNaya, bhUmikA pR. 22-27 'maraNaM pANapariccAgo, vibhayaNaM - vibhattI, pasatthamapasatthANi sabhedAni maraNANi jattha vaNNijjati ajjhayaNe tamajjhayaNaM maraNa vibhattI pR58 gaNivijjApaiNNaya, Agama saMsthAna, udayapura, bhUmikA pR. 4 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAsA, tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura 1977, pR.388 paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR. 40---41 AurapaccakkhANaM, paipaNayasuttAI, bhAga 1.- prastAvanA, pR. 329 Adi mahApaccakkhANa, paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1,- prastAvanA, pR.164 Adi patteyabuddhamisiNo vIsaM titye aritttthnnemiss| pAsassa ya paNNarasa vIrassa vilINamohassa / / isibhAsiyAI- paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, pR. 179 isibhAsiyAI-paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, pR. 181-256 isibhAsiyAI-paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, pR. 181-190 paiNya suttAi bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR. 45 (a) paiNNayasuttAi bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR. 53 (ba) dIvasAgarapaNNattipaiNNayaM (sampA.) sureza sisodiyA, Agama saMsthAna, granthamAlA, 8, udayapura 1993 - vahI-, gAthA, 224-225, pR0 46. vIratyao paiNNaya (sampA.) subhASa koThArI, Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA 12, udayapara 1995. -nidezaka, koTA khulA vizvavidyAlaya, kSetrIya kendra, udayapura 470. o.TI.sI.skIma, udayapura (rAja.) 0 40 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.