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________________ prAcIna brajamaMDalameM jainadharmakA vikAsa zrI prabhudayAla mItala, mathurA jaina tIrthaMkaroMkA sambandha-jaina dharmake 24 tIrthaMkaroMmeMse kaIkA ghaniSTha sambandha zUrasena janapada arthAt prAcIna vrajamaMDalase rahA hai| jinasena kRta 'mahApurANa' meM jaina dharmakI eka prAcIna anuzrutikA ullekha huA hai| usake anusAra Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhanAthake Adezase indrane isa bhUtalapara jina 52 dezoMkA nirmANa kiyA thA, unameM eka zUrasena bhI thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI mathurA thii| sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAthakA mathurA se vizeSa sambandha rahA thA, jisake upalakSameM kuverA devIne yahA~para eka stUpakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| usameM supArzvanAthajIkA bimba pratiSThita thaa| vaha stUpa jaina dharmake itihAsameM bar3A prasiddha rahA hai| caudahaveM tIrthakara anantanAthajIko smRtimeM bhI eka stUpake banAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAthajI jaina mAnyatAke anusAra vAsUdeva kRSNake bhAI the, jo zUrasena janapadake prAcIna zauripura rAjya ( vartamAna baTezvara, jilA AgarA ) ke yAdava rAjA samadravijayake putra the| unake kAraNa zarasena pradeza aura kRSNakA janmasthAna mathurA nagara jainadharmake tIrthasthAna mAne jAne lage the| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthajI aura antima caubIsaveM tIrthakara evaM jainadharma ke pratiSThAtA mahAvIrajIkA mathurAmeM vihAra huA thaa| jisa kAlameM bhagavAn mahAvIrajI mathurA padhAre the, usa samaya yahA~ke rAjA uditodaya athavA bhIdAma, rAjakumAra kaMvala aura zaMvala, nagara seTha jinadattake putra arhadAsa tathA anya rAjakIya puruSa evaM pratiSThita nAgarika jainadharmameM dIkSita hae the| unake kAraNa sAdhAraNa janatAmeM bhI jainadharmakA pracAra hone lagA thaa| jambUsvAmIkA sAdhanA-sthala-bhagavAn mahAvIrake praziSya sudharma svAmIse pravrajyA lekara jambU svAmIne matharAke caurAsI nAmaka sthalapara tapasyA kI thii| 2. varSa taka manivatti dhAraNa kara tapasyA karanese ve kaivalyajJAnI hue the| 44 varSa taka kaivalyajJAnI rahane ke uparAnta unheM siddha pada prApta huA thaa| isa prakAra 80 varSakI AyumeM unhoMne mokSa lAbha kiyaa| jambU svAmI jainadharmake antima kevalI mAne gaye haiN| unakI tapasyA aura mokSa-prAptikA kendra honese mathurAkA caurAsI nAmaka sthala jainadharmakA 'siddha kSetra' mAnA jAtA hai| jambU svAmI ke prabhAvase sadgRhasthoMke atirikta dasyuoMke jIvana meM bhI dhArmikatAkA udaya huA thaa| usa samayake kaI bhayaMkara cora apane bahasaMkhyaka sAthiyoM ke sAtha duSpravRttiyoMko chor3akara tapa aura dhyAnameM lIna hue the| mathurAke tapovanameM ukta dasyuoMko bhI sAdhu-vRtti dvArA paramagati prApta huI thii| kAlAntarameM jaba caurAsImeM jambU svAmIke caraNa-cihna sahita mandira banA, taba unake samIpa una tapasvI dasyuoMkI smRtimeM bhI aneka stUpa banavAye gaye the| deva nirmita stUpa-sAtaveM tIrthakara supArzvanAthajI kI smRtimeM kuverA devIne mathurAma jisa stUpakA nirmANa kiyA thA, vaha atyanta prAcIna kAlase hI jainadharmake itihAsa meM prasiddha rahA hai| 'mathurApurI kalpa' se jJAta hotA hai ki teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAthajIke samaya meM use iMToMse punanimita kiyA gayA thaa| vaha jainadharmakA sabase prAcIna stUpa thA, jo kamase kama tIna sahana pUrva banAyA gayA thaa| itihAsa aura purAtattva : 25
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________________ Adhunika kAlake aneka videzI purAtattva vettAoMne mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlAkI khudAI kI thii| usameM jainadharmase sambandhita bar3I mahatvapUrNa vAstu sAmagrI prApta huii| usa sAmagrI meM kuSANa kAlIna eka mUrtikI abhilikhita pIThikA hai, jo isa samaya lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya ( saMkhyA je0 20 ) meM hai / usa pIThikA ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki kuSANa saM0 79 ( san 157 I0 ) meM koTTiya gaNakI vaira zAkhAke AcArya vRddhahasta ke Adeza zrAvikA dinAne ukta arhat pratimAko deva nirmita 'vo stUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| isa abhilekhase siddha hotA hai ki kuverA devIke stUpakA nAma 'vodva stUpa' thA aura yaha mathurA ke usa sthalapara banAyA gayA thA, jise aba kaMkAlI TIlA kahate haiM / dUsarI zatAbdI meM hI vaha stUpa itanA prAcIna ho gayA thA ki usake nirmANa-kAla aura nirmAtAke sambandha meM kisI ko kucha jJAna nahIM thaa| phalataH usa kAlameM use deva nirmita stUpa kahA jAne lagA thaa| ukta stUpake sambandha meM mAnyatA hai ki pahale eka mUla stUpa thA, bAdameM pA~ca vana gye| kAlAntara meM aneka choTe-bar3e stUpa banAye gaye, jinakI saMkhyA 500 se bhI adhika ho gayI thii| una stUpoMke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma ke aneka devAlaya aura caitya bhI vahAM para samaya-samaya para nirmita hote rahe the| una stUpoM aura devAlayoM meM vividha tIrthaMkaroMkI pratimAe~ pratiSThita kI gaI thiiN| una sabake kAraNa vaha sthala mathurA maMDala meM hI nahIM, varan samasta bhAratavarSa meM jainadharmakA sabase mahatvapUrNa kendra ho gayA thaa| isakA pramANa vahA~ke utkhanana meM prApta saikar3oM mUrtiyA~ aura vAstu kalAvazeSa hai| jainadharmase sambandhita itanI adhika aura itane mahatvakI purAtAtvika sAmagrI kisI anya sthAnase prApta nahIM huI hai| jaina mUrtiyoMke sAtha hI sAtha kucha mUrtiyA~ bauddha aura hindU dharmose sambandhita bhI milI haiM, jo usa kAlake jainiyoMkI dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutAko sUcaka haiN| aisA jAna par3atA hai, usa sthalake bhAratavyApI mahattvake kAraNa anya dharmavAloMne bhI apane devAlapa vahAM banAye the| jainadharma meM tIrtha sthaloMke do bheda mAne gaye haiM, jinheM 1 - siddha kSetra aura 2 - atizaya kSetra kahA gayA hai| kisI tIrthaMkara athavA mahAtmAke siddha pada yA nirvANa prAptike sthalako 'siddha kSetra' kahate haiM, aura kisI devatAkI atizayatA athavA mandiroMkI bahulatAkA sthAna 'atizaya kSetra kahalAtA hai| isa prakArake bheda digambara sampradAya ke tIyameiM hI mAne jAte haiM, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ye bheda nahIM hote haiN| digambara sampradAyake ukta tIrtha bhedake anusAra mathurA siddha kSetra bhI hai aura atizaya kSetra bhI 'siddha kSetra' isaliye ki yahA~ke 'caurAsI' nAmaka sthala para jambU svAmIne siddha pada evaM nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| yaha 'atizaya kSetra isaliye hai ki yahA~ ke kaMkAlo TIleke jaina kendrameM deva nirmita stUpa ke sAtha-sAtha stUpoM, devAlayoM aura caityoMkI anupama atizayatA thii| kaMkAlI TIlA utkhanana meM sarvazrI kaniyama, hArDiMga grAusa, bagaeNsa aura phyUra jaise virUpAta videzI purAtattvajJoMne yoga diyA thA / vahA~se jo mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta huI thI, usameM se adhikAMza lakhanaU saMgrAhalaya meM hai| usakA alpa bhAga mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM hai, aura zeSa bhAga bhArata tathA videzoM meM bikharA huA hai| isakA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa DaoN0 viseSTa smithakI pustaka lakhanaU saMgrahAlayake vivaraNa aura DaoN0 bogala kRta mathurA saMgrahAlaya ke sUcIpatra se jAnA jA sakatA hai| kaMkAlI TIlA prAyaH 1500 varga phITakA eka Ubar3a-khAbar3a sthala hai| isake eka kinAre para kaMkAlI nAmakI devIkA eka choTAsA maMdira banA huA hai, jisake nAmase isa samaya yaha sthala khudAI meM 47 phoTa vyAsakA IMToMkA eka stUpa aura do jaina devAlayoM ke avazeSa mile haiN| : prasiddha hai / isakI isameMse jo saikar3oM 26 agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
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________________ mUrtiyA~, vAstu khaMDa aura kalAvazeSa mile haiM, una sabakA paricaya denA saMbhava nahIM hai / isa saMbaMdha meM pUrvokta vivaraNa pustikAoMse jAnA jA sakatA hai / mUrtiyoM meM jo sarvAdhika mahattvakI haiM, unakA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ prastuta hai / kaMdhoM taka jaTA phailAe hue Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAthajIkI mUrti, balabhadra vAsudevake sAtha aMkita 22 veM tIrthaMkara nemikI mUrti, aura sarpa - phaNoMse AcchAdita 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthajIkI mUrti to apane viziSTa cihnoM se pahicAna lI gaI haiM / inake atirikta anya tIrthakaroM kI jo bahusaMkhyaka mUrtiyA~ haiM, ve viziSTa cihnoMke abhAvameM nahIM pahicAnI jA sakatI haiM / jina mUrtiyoMpara unake nAma aMkita haiM, unheM pahicAna liyA gayA hai / ye tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM kaivalya-prApti ke liye daMDavat khar3I huI aura dhyAnAvasthita avasthA meM baiThI huI-- ina donoM mudrAoMmeM milI haiM / jaina deviyoMkI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvakI sarasvatI pratimA hai, jo lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya ( saM0 je0 24 ) meM hai / yaha abhilikhita hai, aura abataka milI huI sarasvatIkI mUrtiyoM meM sabase prAcIna hai / dUsarI Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAthakI yakSiNI cakrezvarI devIkI pratimA hai, jo dasavIM zatIkI hai, aura isa samaya mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai / inake atirikta sarvatobhadra arthAt caturmukhI mUrtiyAM bhI haiM / inameM se aneka mUrtiyoMpara unake nirmANa-kAla aura nirmAtAoMke nAma aMkita haiM / inase jaina mUrti kalAke vikAsako bhalI bhAMti samajhA jA sakatA hai / mUrtiyoMse bhI adhika mahattvake ve AyAga paTa haiM, jo jaina mUrtiyoMke nirmANake pUrva kI sthiti ke paricAyaka hai / jaba jainadharma meM mUrtiyoMkA pracalana nahIM huA thA, taba zilAkhaMDoMpara jainadharmake mAMgalika cihnoMkA aMkanakara unheM tIrthaMkaroMke pratIka rUpameM pUjAke liye pratiSThita kiyA jAtA thA / ukta zilAkhaMDoMko 'AyAga paTa' kahate haiM / isa prakArake kaI paTa kaMkAlIkI khudAI meM mile haiM, jo lakhanaU aura mathurAke saMgrahAlayoMmeM pradarzita haiM / ukta pUjanIya paToMke atirikta aneka kalAtmaka paTa bhI kaMkAlI se mile haiM / unameM sabase prAcIna paTa zuMgakAla ( dUsarI zatI pUrva ) ke haiM / aise eka zilApaTameM bhagavAn RSabhanAthajIke samakSa nIlAMjanA apsarAke nRtyakA dRzya aMkita hai / yaha prAcIna bhAratIya nRtyakI mudrAkA aMkana hai, jo mathurA maMDalake vigata kalAtmaka vaibhavako prakaTa karatA hai / zuMga kAlIna eka anya zilApaTa kisI dhArmika sthalakA toraNa hai / isake eka ora yAtrAkA dRzya hai, aura dUsarI ora suparNoM tathA kinnaroM dvArA stUpa pUjanakA dRzya hai / aneka padoMpara suMdariyoMkI vibhinna ceSTAoM aura mudrAoMke dRzya aMkita haiM / inase prAcIna jainadharmakI kalAtmaka abhirucikA bhalI-bhAMti paricaya milatA hai / ke mathurAmaMDala ke ve donoM jaina kendra - 1. jambU svAmIkA nirvANa sthala aura 2. devanirmita stUpa tathA usake samIpa bane hue bahusaMkhyaka devAlayoMse samRddha kaMkAlI TIlA - apane nirmANakAlase aneka zatAbdiyoM pazcAt taka samasta jainiyoMke liye samAna rUpa se zraddhAspada the / magadha janapada aura dAkSiNAtya kSetroMke jainasaMgha kAlAMtara meM digaMbara aura zvetAMbara nAmaka do saMpradAyoMmeM vibhAjita jainasaMgha usa bheda-bhAva se achUtA rahA, aura yahA~ ke deva sthAna sabhI rahe the / prAcIna vrajamaMDalameM jainadharmakI ina mahattvapUrNa upalabdhiyoMke sAtha hI sAtha isa bhU-bhAgameM samaya-samaya para aisI aneka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ bhI huI hai, jinhoMne jainadharmake itihAsa meM gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta kiyA hai / yahA~ para aisI katipaya ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / 'sarasvatI' - Andolana aura 'jina vANI' kA lekhana - jainadharma ke mUla siddhAMta bhagavAn mahAvIra itihAsa aura purAtattva : 27 gaye the, kintu prAcIna vrajamaMDalakA saMpradAya vAloMke liye pUjanIya bane
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________________ dvArA kathita ardhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASAmeM hai, jinheM 'jina-vANI' athavA 'Agama' kahA jAtA hai| vaidika saMhitAoMkI bhAMti jaina Agama bhI pahale zruta rUpa meM the| samrATa azokane bauddhadharmake pracArArtha apane sAmrAjya ke vividha sthAnoMmeM jo dharma-lekha likhavAye the, unase jainadharmake vidvAnoMko bhI AgamoMko likhita rUpameM surakSita karaneko AvazyakatA pratIta hone lagI; kiMtu jainAcAryoMke prabala virodhake kAraNa unheM lipibaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakA thaa| jaba kaI zatAbdiyoM taka anya sthAnoMke jainAcArya AgamoMko lipibaddha nahIM kara sake, taba mathurAmaMDalake jaina vidvAnoMne ukta praznako uThAyA, aura 'sarasvatI AMdolana' dvArA isa viSayakA netRtva kiyA thaa| vidyA baddhi aura jJAna-vijJAnakI adhiSThAtrI devIkA nAma sarasvatI hai| ise brAhmI, bhAratI, bhASA aura gIrvANavANI bhI kahate haiN| yadyapi sarasvatIkI mUla kalpanA prAcIna hai, tathApi isake svarUpakA vikAsa aura pUjanakA pracAra jainadharmakI dena hai| mathurAke jaina vidvAnoMko yaha zreya prApta hai ki unhoMne paraMparAgata zruta evaM kaMThastha 'jina bANI' ko likhita rUpa pradAna karane ke liye 'sarasvatI AMdolana' calAyA thA, aura mathurAke mUrti-kalAkAroMne sarvaprathama pustakadhAriNI sarasvatI devIkI pratimAe~ nirmitakara usa AMdolanako mUtta rUpa pradAna kiyA thaa| ukta AMdolana kA yaha pariNAma haA ki jina-vANIko lipibaddha karane kA virodha kramaza: kama hotA gyaa| pahile digaMbara vidvAnoMne Agama jJAnako saMkalita kara lipibaddha kiyA, bAdameM zvetAMbara vidvAna bhI usake liye sahamata ho gaye / yadyapi isa kAryameM kaI zatAbdiyoM taka UhApoha hotA rahA thaa| __ 'mAtharI-vAcanA'-digaMbara vidvAnoM dvArA AgamoMke saMkalana aura lekhanase utpanna sthitipara vicAra karaneke liye saM 370 vi0 ke lagabhaga mathurAmeM zvetAMbara yatiyoMkA eka sammelana huA, jisakI adhyakSatA Arya skaMdilane kI thii| usa sammelanameM AgamoMkA pATha nizcita kara unakI vyAkhyA kI gaI, jise 'mAthurI vAcanA' kahA jAtA hai| usI samaya AgamoMko lipibaddha karanepara bhI vicAra kiyA gayA, kitu bhArI matabheda hone ke kAraNa tatsaMbaMdhI nirNaya sthagita karanA pdd'aa| bAdameM vikramakI chaThI zatAbdIke AraMbhameM surASTrake vallabhI nagarameM devadhigaNI kSamA-zramaNako adhyakSatAmeM zvetAMbara mAnyatAke AgamoMko sarvaprathama saMkalita evaM lipibaddha kiyA gayA thA / zvetAMbara sAdhu jinaprabha sUri kRta 'mathurApurI kalpa' meM likhA hai, jaba zUrasena pradezameM dvAdazavarSIya bhASaNa durbhikSa par3A thA, taba Arya skaMdilane saMghako ekatra kara AgamoMkA anuyoga kiyA thaa| mathurAke prAcIna devanirmita stUpameM eka pakSake upavAsa dvArA devatAkI ArAdhanAkara jinaprabha zramaNane dImakoMse khAye hue truTita 'mahAnizItha sUtra' kI pUrti kI thii| sAhitya-praNayana-jainadharmakA prAcIna sAhitya ardhamAgadhI prAkRtameM hai, jise 'jaina prAkRta' kahA jAtA hai| bAdakA sAhitya saMskRta, apabhraMza aura prAMtIya bhASAoM meM racA huA upalabdha hai / prAcIna sAhityameM pramukha sthAna AgamoMkA hai| unake pazcAt purANoMkA mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| purANoMmeM jaina tIrthaMkaroMkI mahimAkA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unake sAtha rAma aura kRSNakA bhI ullekha huA hai; kiMtu unake caritra jaina vidvAnoM ne vaiSNava vidvAnoMkI apekSA kucha bhinna dRSTikoNase likhe haiM / vAsudeva kRSNako tIrthakara neminAthajIkA bhAI mAnA gayA hai, ataH kRSNake pitA vasudeva, bhAI balabhadra aura putra pradyumnake caritra likhane meM jaina vidvAnoMne bar3I ruci prakaTa kI hai| aise graMthoMmeM jinasenAcArya kRta 'harivaMza purANa' vizeSa rUpase ullekhanIya hai| yaha 66 sargokA vizAla graMtha hai / isakI racanA saM0 840 meM haI thii| isake AraMbhika sargomeM anya tIrthaMkaroMkA saMkSipta kathanakara 18 veM sarga se 61 sarga taka tIrthaMkara neminAthajIkA aura unake sAtha vasudeva, vAsudeva, kRSNa, balabhadra tathA pradyumnakA atyaMta vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| sabake aMtameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA caritra varNita hai| 28 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ usa kAlake graMthoMmeMse joM natha brajamaMDalameM race gaye the, unakA prAmANika vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| aisA anumAna hai saMskRta, zaurasenI prAkRta aura zaurasenI apabhraMzameM kucha graMtha avazya race gaye hoMge, jo kAlake pravAhameM naSTa ho gye| kAlAMtarameM jo pratha vrajabhASAmeM race gaye the, ve aba bhI vidyamAna haiM, aura unase vrajamaMDala ke jaina vidvAnoMkI sAhitya-sAdhanApara acchA prakAza par3atA hai| hUNoM kA AkramaNa-maurya-zuga kAlake pahilese lekara gupta zAsanake bAda taka, arthAt eka sahasrase adhika kAla taka prAcIna vrajamaMDalameM jainadharmase saMbaMdhita imArateM prAyaH akSuNNa rahI thiiN| usa kAlameM jaina dharmako uttarottara unnati karatA rahA thA / gupta zAsanake aMtima kAlameM jaba asabhya hUNoMne prAcIna vrajamaMDala para AkramaNa kiyA, taba unhoMne yahA~kI anya imAratoMke sAtha hI sAtha jaina imAratoMko bhI bar3I hAni paha~cAI thii| yahA~kA suprasiddha deva nirmita stUpa usa kAlameM kSatigrasta ho gayA thA, aura anya stupa evaM maMdira-devAlaya bhI naSTaprAya ho gaye the / devasthAnoMkA jIrNoddhAra aura dhArmika sthitimeM sudhAra-hUNoMke AkramaNase prAcIna vrajamaMDalakI jo imArateM kSatigrasta ho gaI thIM, unake jIrNoddhArakA zreya jina zraddhAlu mahAnubhAvoMko hai, unameM vappabhaTTi sUrikA nAma ullekhanIya hai / 'vividha tIrthakalpa' se jJAta hotA hai ki vappaTTi sUrine apane ziSya gvAliyara nareza AmarAjase saM0 826 vi0 meM mathurA tIrthakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| usI samaya IMToMse banA prAcIna 'devanirmita stupa', jo usa samaya jIrNAvasthAmeM thA, pattharoMse punanirmita kiyA gayA aura usameM bha0 pArzvanAthajIke jinAlaya evaM bha0 mahAvIrajIke bimba kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| vappaTTi sarine mathurAmeM eka maMdirakA nirmANa bhI karAyA thA, jo yahA~para zvetAMbara saMpradAyakA sarvaprathama devAlaya thaa| bauddhadharma ke prabhAvahIna aura phira samApta ho jAnepara matharAmaMDala meM jo dharma acchI sthitimeM ho gaye the, unameM jainadharma bhI thaa| 10 vIM, 11 vIM aura 12 vIM zatAbdiyoMmeM yahA~para jainadharmakI paryApta unnati hone ke pramANa milate haiN| usa kAla meM mathurA sthita kaMkAlI TIlAke jaina kendra meM aneka maMdira-devAlayoMkA nirmANa huA thA aura unameM tIrthaMkaroMkI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita kI gaI thii| usa kAlakI aneka lekhAMkita jaina mUrtiyA~ kaMkAlI TIlekI khudAImeM prApta huI hai / mathurAke atirikta prAcIna zauripura (baTezvara, jilA AgarA) bhI usa kAlameM jainadharmakA eka acchA kendra ho gayA thA aura vahA~ pracura saMkhyAmeM jaina maMdiroMkA nirmANa huA thaa| mahamUda gaz2anavIke AkramaNakA duSpariNAma-saM0 1074 meM jaba mahamUda gaz2anavIne mathurApara bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyA thA, taba yahA~ke dhArmika sthAnoMkI bar3I hAni huI thii| kaMkAlI TIlAkA suprasiddha 'devanirmita stUpa' bhI usI kAlameM AkramaNakAriyoMne naSTa kara diyA thA, kyoMki usakA ullekha phira nahIM milatA hai| aisA mAlUma hotA hai, ukta prAcIna stUpake atirikta kaMkAlI TIlAke anya jaina devasthAnoMkI bahata adhika kSati nahIM haI thI, kyoMki usase kucha samaya parva hI vahA~ pratiSThita kI gaI jaina pratimAe~ akSaNNa upalabdha huI hai / saMbhava hai, jaina zrAvakoM dvArA usa samaya ve kisI surakSita sthAnapara pahu~cA dI gaI hoM, aura bAda meM sthiti ThIka honepara unheM pratiSThita kiyA gayA ho| mahamUda gajanavIke AkramaNa kAlase dillIke sultAnoMkA zAsana AraMbha hone taka arthAt 11 vIM se 13 vIM zatiyoM taka mathurAmaMDalapara rAjapUta rAjAoMkA zAsanAdhikAra thaa| usa kAla meM yahA~ jainadharmakI sthiti kucha ThIka rahI thii| usake pazcAta vaiSNava saMpradAyoM kA adhika pracAra honese jainadharma zithila hone lagA thaa| itihAsa aura purAtattva : 29
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________________ jaina tIrthoMkI yAtrA - vaiSNava saMpradAyoMkA adhika pracAra honese isa kAla meM jainadharmakA prabhAva to ghaTa gayA thA, kiMtu jaina devasthAnoMke prati janatAkI baDhA banI rahI thii| vaiSNava saMpradAyoMkA kendra banane se pahile mathurA nagara jainadharma kA prasiddha kendra thaa| vetAMbara aura digaMbara donoM saMpradAyoMke jaina sAdhu aura zrAvakagaNa mathurA tIrtha kI yAtrA karane Ate the / aise aneka tIrtha yAtriyoMkA ullekha jainadharmake vividha graMthoMmeM huA hai / suprasiddha zodhaka vidvAn zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAne ukta ullekhoMkA saMkalanakara isa viSayapara acchA prakAza DAlA hai|' unake lekhase jJAta hotA hai ki prathama zatIse satarahavIM zatI taka jaina yAtriyoMke AnekA krama calatA rahA thaa| mathurA tIrthakI yAtrA karanevAle jaina yAtriyoMmeM sarvaprathama maNidhArI jinacaMdra sUrikA nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 'yuga pradhAna gurvAvalI' ke anusAra ukta sUrijIne saM0 1214-17 ke kAlameM mathurA tIrthakI yAtrA kI thI / ukta gurvAvala meM kharatara gacchake 14 zatAbdI AcArya jinacaMdra sUrike netRtva meM ThAkura acala dvArA saMgaThita eka bar3e saMgha dvArA bhI yAtrA kiye jAne kA ullekha huA hai / vaha yAtrI saMgha saM0 1374 meM mathurA AyA thaa| usane mathurAke supArva aura mahAvIra tIrthoMkI yAtrA kI thI / muhammada tugalakake zAsana kAla (saM0 1382 - saM0 1408) meM karNATakake eka digaMbara munikI mathurA yAtrAkA ullekha milatA hai / usI kAla meM samarAzAhane zAhI pharamAna prAptakara eka bar3e yAtrI saMghakA saMcAlana kiyA thaa| usI saMghake sAtha yAtrA karate hue gujarAta ke zvetAMbara muni jinaprabha sUri saM0 1385 ke lagabhaga mathurA padhAre the / unhoMne yahA~ke jaina devAlayoMke darzana aura jaina sthaloMkI yAtrA karaneke sAtha hI sAtha vrajake vividha tIthoMkI bhI yAtrA kI thii| ukta yAtrAke anaMtara jinaprabha sUrine saM0 1388 meM 'vividha tIrtha kalpa' nAmaka eka bar3e graMthakI racanA prAkRta bhASA meM kI thI, usameM unhoMne jaina tIrthoMkA vizada varNana kiyA hai| isa graMthakA eka bhAga 'mathurApurI kalpa' meM hai, jisameM mathurA tIrthase saMbaMdhita jaina anudhutiyoMkA ullekha huA hai| isake sAtha hI usameM mathurAmaMDalase saMbaMdhita kucha anya jJAtavya bAteM bhI lilI gaI haiN| unase yahAMkI tatkAlIna dhArmika sthitipara acchA prakAza par3atA hai / kRSNa-bhaktike pracAra aura sulatAnoMkI nItikA prabhAva jaba brajamaMDala kRSNa bhakti kA -- vyApaka pracAra huA, taba yahA~ke bahusaMkhyaka jainI jainadharmako chor3akara kRSNa-bhaktike vividha saMpradAyoMke anuyAyI ho gaye the| nAbhA jI kRta 'bhaktamAla' aura vallabha saMpradAyI 'vArtA' meM aise aneka jainiyoMke nAma milate hai| jainadharmako usa parivartita paristhitimeM vrajamaMDalake jaina stUpa-maMdira, devAlaya Adi upekSita avasthA meM jIrNa-zIrNa hone lage the / phira dillI ke tatkAlIna musalamAna sulatAna apane maz2ahabI tAssubake kAraNa bArabAra AkramaNa kara unheM kSati pahu~cAyA karate the| seTha samarAzAha jaise dhanI vyakti samaya-samaya para unakI marammata karAte the, kintu ve bAra-bAra kSatigrasta kara diye jAte the| isa prakAra mugala samrAT akabarake zAsanakAlale pahile mathurA tIrthaMkA mahatva jaina dharmako dRSTise kama ho gayA thA, aura vahA~ka jaina deva sthAnoMkI sthiti zocanIya ho gayI thI / kRSNa bhakti ke vAtAvaraNameM racita jaina graMtha zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumnake saMbaMdha meM jaina mAnyatAkA sarvaprathama brajabhASA graMtha sudhAra agravAla kRta 'pradyumna carita hai| yaha eka sundara prabaMdha kAvya hai 'brajabhASAke adyAvadhi prApta graMthoMmeM sabase prAcIna' hone ke sAtha hI sAtha yaha hindI jaina graMthake rUpameM bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / isakA racanA - kAla 14vIM zatAbdI hai / isa graMthake pazcAt jo hindI jaina racanAe~ prakAzameM AIM, unameM se 1. 'vraja bhAratI', varSa 11, aMka 2 meM prakAzita - mathurAke jaina stUpAdikI yaatraa|' 30 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
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________________ adhikatara mugala samrAT akabara ke zAsanakAlakI, athavA usake bAdakI rAjadhAnI AgarA athavA usake nikaTavartI sthAnoMmeM racI gaI thIM / akabara kAlIna sthiti - mugala samrAT akabarakA zAsanakAla vrajamaMDalake liye bar3A hitakara aura yahA~ dharma-sampradAyoMke liye bar3A sahAyaka siddha huA thA / usase jaina dharmAvalambI bhI pracuratAse lAbhAnvita hue the / usa kAlake pahile vrajamaMDalameM mathurA aura baTezvara ( prAcIna zauripura ) aura unake samIpastha gvAliyara jaina dharmake kendra the / akabara ke zAsanakAlameM usakI rAjadhAnI AgarA nagara jainadharmakA nayA aura atyanta zaktizAlI kendra bana gayA thA / mathurA, baTezvara aura gvAliyarakA to dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika mahattva thA; kintu AgarA rAjanaitika kAraNoMse jaina kendra banA thA / samrAT akabara sabhI dharma-sampradAyoMke prati udAra the| ve sabakI bAtoMko dhyAnapUrvaka sunate the, aura unameMse unheM jo upayogI jJAta hotIM, unheM grahaNa karate the / ve jainadharmake muniyoMko bhI AmaMtrita kara unakA pravacana sunA karate / unhoMne anya vidvAnoMke atirikta gujarAta ke vikhyAta zvetAMbarAcArya hIravijaya sUriko bar3e AdarapUrvaka phatehapura sIkarI bulAyA thA, aura ve prAyaH unake dharmopadeza sunA karate the / isa kAraNa mathurA AgarA Adi samasta vrajamaMDala meM base hue jainiyoMmeM Atma gauravakA bhAva jAgrata huA thA / ve maMdiradevAlayoMke nava-nirmANa athavA jIrNoddhArake liye bhI taba prayatnazIla hone lage the / AcArya hIravijaya sUri jI svayaM mathurAM padhAre the| unakI yAtrAkA varNana 'hIra saubhAgya kAvya' ke 14veM sarga meM huA thA / usameM likhA hai, sUri jIne mathurAmeM vihArakara vahAM pArzvanAtha aura jambUsvAmI ke sthaloM tathA 527 stUpoMkI yAtrA kI thI / akabara ke zAsanakAlase AgarA nagara jainadharmakA pramukha vidvAnoM, kaviyoM aura lekhakoMne bahusaMkhyaka graMthoMkI racanA kara hI sAtha vrajabhASA sAhityako bhI gauravAnvita kiyA thA / / unameM bhI adhikAMza akabarakI sAhityika kendra ho gayA thA / vahA~ke aneka jainadharmakI sAhityika samRddhi karaneke sAtha sAhU ToDara aura maMtrIzvara karmacaMda -- akabara ke zAsanakAlameM ve donoM pratiSThita jaina bhakta mathurA tIrtha kI yAtrA karane gaye the / sAhU ToDara bhaTAniyA ( jilA kola, vartamAna alIgar3ha ) ke nivAsI garga gotrIya agravAla jaina pAsA sAhUke putra the / ve akabarI zAsana ke eka pratiSThita rAjapuruSa hone ke sAtha hI sAtha dhanADhya seTha bhI the / unhoMne pracura dhana lagAkara mathurAmaMDalake bhagna jaina stUpoM aura maMdiroMke jIrNoddhArakA prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA thA / vaha dhArmika kArya saM0 1630 kI jyeSTha zukla 12 budhavArako pUrNa huA thA / usI samaya unhoMne caturvidha saMghako AmaMtrita kara mathurA meM eka jaina samArohakA bhI Ayojana kiyA thA / tIrtha- punaruddhAra ke sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne mathurAke caurAsI kSetra para tapasyA kara nirvANa prApta karanevAle kaivalyajJAnI jambUsvAmIke caritra graMthoMkI racanAkA bhI prabandha kiyA thaa| phalataH unakI preraNAse saMskRta aura vrajabhASA hindI meM jambUsvAmI caritra usa kAlameM liye gaye the / saMskRta 'jambUsvAmI caritra' kA nirmANa usa samaya ke vikhyAta jaina vidvAn pAMDe rAjamallane saM0 1632 kI caitra kR0 8 ko aura vrajabhASA chandobaddha graMthakI racanA pAMDe jinadAsane saM0 1642 meM kI thii| bIkAnera ke rAjyamaMtrI karmacandrane bhI mathurA tIrtha kI yAtrA kara yahA~ ke kucha caityoMkA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA / usakA ullekha 'karmacandra vaMzotkIrtana' kAvyameM huA hai / paM0 banArasIdAsakI mahattvapUrNa dena - paM0 banArasIdAsa jaunapura nivAsI zrImAlI jaina the / ve mugala samrAT jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAlameM AgarA Aye the, aura phira usI nagarake sthAyI nivAsI gaye the / ve gRhastha hote hue bhI jaina darzana aura adhyAtmake acche jJAtA, suprasiddha sAhityakAra aura krAMtikArI vidvAn itihAsa aura purAtattva : 31
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________________ the| unhoMne jainadharmake antargata eka AdhyAtmika paMthakI sthApanA kI, aura aneka graMthoMkI racanA kI thii| unake paMthako pahile 'adhyAtmI paMtha' athavA 'banArasI mata' kahA jAtA thA, bAdameM vaha 'teraha paMtha' ke nAmase prasiddha huA thA / usa sudhAravAdI matake kAraNa usa kAlake digambara sampradAyI caityavAsI bhaTTArakoMkI pratiSThAmeM paryApta kamI huI thii| paM. banArasodAsa hindIke jaina graMthakAroMmeM sarvopari mAne jAte haiN| unakI khyAti unakI dhArmika vidvattAse bhI adhika unake granthoMke kAraNa hai| unakI racanAoMmeM 'nATaka samayasAra' aura 'artha kathAnaka' adhika prasiddha haiN| 'nATaka samayasAra' adhyAtma aura vedAntakI eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| isakA pracAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoMmeM hai| 'ardha kathAnaka' unakA Atma-caritra hai, jo unake jIvanake prathama ardha bhAgase saMbaMdhita hai| yaha bhI apane viSayakI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| unakI do anya racanAe~ 'banArasI nAma mAlA' aura 'banArasI vilAsa haiN| ye saba graMtha padyAtmaka haiN| inake atirikta unakI eka gadya racanA 'paramArtha vacanikA' bhI hai| yaha jaina sAhityakI AraMbhika hindI gadya racanAoMmeMse hai, ataH isakA bhI apanA mahattva hai| auraMgajebI zAsanakA duSpariNAma-mugala samrATa akabara, jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ke zAsanakAlameM jainadharmakI jitanI unnati huI thI, auraMgajebake zAsanameM usase adhika avanati ho gayI thii| usa kAlameM vrajamaMDalake gaira musalima dharma-sampradAyoMke sabhI deva-sthAna naSTa kara diye gaye the / ukta dharma-sampradAyoMke adhikAMza AcArya, saMta, mahAtmA, vidvAn aura guNI-jana vrajamaMDala chor3akara hindU rAjyoMmeM Akara basa gaye the| usa kAlameM jainadharmakI sthiti bhI atyanta zithila aura prabhAvazUnya ho gayI thii| mathurAke prasiddha jainakendra kaMkAlI TIlA aura caurAsImeMse kaMkAlI TIlA to pahile hI vIrAna-sA thA, phira caurAsIkA siddha kSetra bhI mahattvazUnya ho gayA / baTezvara aura AgarA kendroMkI bhI taba pratiSThA bhaMga ho gayI thii| lakI sthiti-auraMgajebI zAsanakAlake bAdase aMgrajI rAjyakI sthApanA taka samasta vrajamaMDalameM jainadharmako sthiti bigar3I huI rahI thI / aMgrez2I zAsanakAlameM mathurAke seThoM dvArA jainadharmako bar3A saMrakSaNa milA thaa| isa gharAne ke pratiSThAtA seTha manIrAma digambara jaina zrAvaka the| ve pahile gvAliyara rAjyake dAnAdhikArI zrIgokuladAsa pArikhake eka sAdhAraNa munIma the| jaba pArikhajI apane sAtha karor3oMkI dharmAdA sampatti lekara usase vrajameM maMdirAdikA nirmANa karAne saM0 1870 meM mathurA gaye the, taba manIrAma manIma bhI unake sAtha the / pArikhajI apanI mRtyuse pahile manIrAmajIke jyeSTha putra lakSmIcandako apanA uttarAdhikArI banA gaye the| unake bAda manIrAma lakSmIcanda pArikhajIkI vipula sampattike svAmI hue| unhoMne vyApAra dvArA usa sampattiko khUba bar3hAyA aura vividha dhArmika kAryoMmeM usakA sadupayoga kiyaa| unhoMne mathurAke 'caurAsI' siddha kSetrakA jIrNoddhAra kara vahA~ jaina mandirakA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usameM unhoMne aSTama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn candraprabhakI mUrti pratiSThita kara digambara vidhike anusAra unakI pUjAkI yathocita vyavasthA kI thii| bAdameM seTha lakSmIcandake putra raghunAthadAsane vahA~ dvitIya tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ajitanAthako saMgamaramara pratimAko pratiSThita kiyA thaa| mathugamaMDalake Adhunika jaina devAlayoMmeM yaha mandira sabase adhika prasiddha hai / yahA~ para kArtika kR. 2 se kR0 8 taka prati varSa eka bar3A utsava hotA hai, jisameM rathayAtrAkA bhI Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna sthiti-isa samaya mathurAmeM jainadharmakA prasiddha kendra caurAsI sthita jambUsvAmIkA siddha kSetra hI hai| yahA~ para 'akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina-saMgha' kA kendrIya kAryAlaya hai| sAptAhika-patra 'jaina 32 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ saMdeza' isI sthAnase prakAzita hotA hai| yahA~ke 'RSabha brahmacaryAzrama' meM jainadharma aura saMskRta bhASAke sAtha hI sAtha vartamAna praNAlIkI zikSA dI jAtI hai| isa sthAnake 'sarasvatI bhavana' meM jainadharmake granthoMkA acchA saMgraha hai| vrajamaMDalameM jainadharmakA sabase bar3A kendra AgarA hai| yahA~ para madhyakAlase hI jaina dharmAvalambiyoMkI pracura saMkhyA rahI hai| jaina-granthakAra to adhikatara AgarAke hI hue haiN| isa samaya vahA~ jainadharmakI aneka saMsthAyeM haiM, jo upayogI kArya kara rahI haiM / vahA~kA jaina kAleja granthabhaMDAra bhI prasiddha hai| mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlAkA jainakendra, jo 'deva nirmita stupa' tathA anya stUpoM aura mandira-devAlayoMke kAraNa vigatakAlameM itanA prasiddha rahA thA, isa samaya vIrAna par3A haA hai| AzcaryakI bAta yaha hai, jisa kAlameM vaha naSTa huA, usake bAdase kisIne usakA punaruddhAra karAne kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| mathurAke seThoMne bhI usake liye kucha nahIM kiyA, jabaki unhoMne 'caurAsI' ke siddha sthalakA punaruddhAra karAyA thaa| vAstavika bAta yaha hai ki kaI zatAbdiyoM taka upekSita aura jar3a par3e rahane ke kAraNa kaMkAlI TolAko gauravagAthAko loga bhUla gaye the| mathurAke seThoMke utkarSa-kAlameM bhI yahI sthiti thii| yadi usa samaya unheM isa sthalakI mahattAkA bodha hotA, to ve apane vipula sAdhanoMse vahA~ bahuta kucha kara sakate the / abakI bAra mathurAmeM zrImahAvIra jayantIkA jo samAroha huA thA, usakI adhyakSatA karane ke lie majhe AmaMtrita kiyA gayA yadyapi maiM jaina dharmAvalambI nahIM haiN| maiMne usa avasarakA sadupayoga kaMkAlIkI gaurava-gAthA sunAne meM kiyaa| upasthita janasamudAyane merI bAta bar3e kautuhalapUrvaka sunii| unheM isa bAtakA vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA thA ki mathurAmeM kisI samaya itane mahattvakA sthala thaa| utsavakI samAptike pazcAt aneka vyaktiyoMne mujhase pUchatAcha kii| jaba mere batalAye hue aitihAsika pramANoMse unheM vizvAsa ho gayA, taba ve ukta sthalakA punaruddhAra karAneko vyagra hone lge| usI kAlameM muni vidyAnandajI mathurA padhAre the| unake samaya isa carcAne aura jora pkdd'aa| aba aisI sthiti bana gaI hai ki nikaTa bhaviSyameM isa purAtana sthalakA punaruddhAra ho skegaa| itihAsa aura purAtattva : 33