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________________ ***** 5 pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA janavidyA ko yogadAna 573 pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA janavidyA ko yogadAna *************** Adhunika yuga meM prAcyavidyAoM kA videzoM meM adhyayana 17vIM zatAbdI se prArambha huA / saMskRta bhASA evaM sAhitya ke bAda pAli evaM bauddhadharma kA adhyayana videzoM meM vidvAnoM dvArA kiyA gayA / 1826 I0 meM banapha tathA lAssana kA saMyukta rUpa se 'aise sura lA pAli' nibandha prakAzita huA, jisameM buddha kI mUla zikSAoM ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhAratIya bhASAoM ke adhyayana-anusandhAna ke kSetra meM 1869 I0 taka jo granya prakAza meM Aye,' unameM prAkRta va apabhraMza bhASA para koI vicAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| kyoMki taba taka ina bhASAoM kA sAhitya videzI vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM nahIM AyA thA / kintu 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM prAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana bhI videzI vidvAnoM dvArA prArambha ho gayA / phrAnsIsI vidvAn cArlsa vilkinsa ne 'abhijJAna zAkuntala' ke adhyayana ke sAtha prAkRta kA ullekha kiyaa| henarI TAmasa kolabruka ne prAkRta bhASA evaM jainadharma ke sambandha meM kucha nibandha likhe / tathA 1867 I0 meM landana ke je0 je0 phalIMga ne apanI prasiddha pustaka 'zArTa sTaDIja ina e sAinsa Ava kampereTiva rilIjansa' meM zilAlekhoM meM utkIrNa prAkRta bhASA kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa prakAra prAkRta bhASA evaM jainadharma ke adhyayana ke prati pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne ruci lenA prArambha kiyA, jo AgAmI adhyayana ke lie mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA thI / DaoN0 premasumana jaina janavidyA ke khojI vidvAna pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke lie jainavidyA ke adhyayana kI sAmagrI juTAne vAle pramukha vidvAn DA0 je0 jI0 bUlara the| unhoMne apanA adhikAMza jIvana bhAratIya hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja meM vyatIta kiyA / 1866 I0 ke lagabhaga unhoMne pA~ca sau jaina grantha bhArata se barlina pustakAlaya ke lie bheje the| jaina granthoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para DA0 bUlara ne 1887 I0 meM jainadharma para jarmana bhASA meM eka pustaka likhI, jisakA aMgrejI anuvAda 1903 I0 meM landana se 'da iMDiyana sekTa Apha da jainsa' ke nAma se prakAzita huA / isa pustaka meM DA0 vUlara ne kahA hai ki jainadharma bhArata ke bAhara anya dezoM meM bhI phailA hai tathA usakA uddezya manuSya ko saba prakAra ke bandhanoM se mukta karanA rahA hai / isa samaya ke jainavidyA ke dUsare mahatvapUrNa khojI vidvAn albarTa vevara the| unhoMne DA0 dUsara dvArA jarmanI ko preSita jaina granthoM kA anuzIlana kara jaina sAhitya para mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai / 1882 I0 meM prakAzita unakA zodhapUrNa grantha Indischen Studien (Indian Literature) jainavidyA para vizeSa prakAza DAlatA hai / ina donoM vidvAnoM ke prayatnoM se videzoM meM prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana ko paryApta gati milI hai / 2 prAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne jaina vidyA ke adhyayana kA prArambha prAkRta bhASA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se kiyA / kucha vidvAnoM ne saMskRta kA adhyayana karate hue prAkRta bhASA kA anuzIlana kiyA to kucha vidvAnoM ne svatantra rUpa se prAkRta bhASA ke sambandha meM apanI zodha prastuta kI / yaha zodha - sAmagrI nibandhoM aura svatantra granthoM ke rUpa meM prApta hotI hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke prAkRta bhASA sambandhI sabhI lekhoM aura granthoM kA mUlyAMkana prastuta karanA yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai / ataH 16vIM evaM 20vIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta bhASA sambandhI hue adhyayana kA saMkSipta vivaraNa kAlakrama se isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai / O.
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________________ * 574 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa 16vIM zatAbdI ke caturtha dazaka meM jarmanI meM prAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana prArambha ho gayA thaa| hoephara kI 'De prAkRta DiAlekTo libriduo (1836 I0) tathA lAssana kI 'insTITyUtsIonesa liMguAe prAkRtikAeM isa samaya kI pramukha racanAe~ haiM / pAMcaveM dazaka meM prAkRta granthoM kA jarmana meM anuvAda bhI hone lagA thaa| o bolika ne 1848 I. meM hemacandra ke 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' kA jarmana saMskaraNa taiyAra kara diyA thaa| spIgala (1946 I0) ne 'myuzanara gelerne AnsAigana' meM prAkRta bhASA kA paricaya diyA hai| isa samaya tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bhI prAkRta bhASA kA mahatva bar3ha gayA thaa| ata: anya bhASAoM ke sAtha prAkRta kA adhyayana videzI vidvAn karane lage the| hA0 arnesTa Trampa (1861-62) ne isa prakAra kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA, jo 'premara Ava da sindhI leMgveja kampeyarDa vida da saMskRta, prAkRta eNDa da kAgneTa iMDiyana varnAkyularsa' nAma se 1872 I. meM prakAzita huA / 1866 I0 meM phreDarika hega ne apane zodha-prabandha 'vargalacuMga Desa prAkRta DaNDa Dera romAnizciyana prAkhana' meM prAkRta bhASA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai| 19vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazakoM meM prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana gatizIla ho gayA thA / DA. je0 eca0 bUlara ne 1874 I. meM 'da dezI zabda saMgraha Apha hemacandra' evaM 'Ana e prAkRta glAsarI inaTAyaTilDa pAiyalacchI' ye do mahatvapUrNa lekha prakAzita kiye| tathA 1886 I0 meM ApakI I0 yUvara DAsa lebana Desa jaina moendosa, hemacandrA' nAmaka pustaka vienA se prakAzita huI / I0 bI0 kAvela ne saMskRta nATakoM kI prAkRta kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA jo san 1875 I. meM landana se 'e zArTa iMTroDakzana Tu da ArDanarI prAkRta Ava da saMskRta DrAmAja vida e lisTa Ava kAmana iregulara prAkRta vaIsa' ke nAma se prakAzita huA / isa sambandha meM I0 myUlara kI 'vAivege tsUra grAmATIka Desa jaina prAkRta' (balina, 1875 I0) nAmaka racanA bhI prAkRta bhASA para prakAza DAlatI hai| sambhavataH prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke mUlagrantha kA aMgrejI saMskaraNa sarvaprathama DA0 rUDolpha hArnala ne kiyA / unakA yaha grantha 'da prAkRta lakSaNam Apha hemacandrAja premara Apha da enziyeMTa prAkRta' 1880 I0 meM kalakattA se prakAzita huaa| prAkRta bhASA ke pANini : pizala : pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM jarmana vidvAn ricarDa pizala (R.Pischel) ne sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASAoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM vyavasthita adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / yadyapi unake pUrva hArnala, lAssana, hoyephara, vebara Adi ne prAkRta bhASA ke sambandha meM adhyayana prArambha kara diyA thA, kintu isa adhyayana ko pUrNatA pizala ne hI pradAna kI hai| ricarDa pizala ne AcArya hemacandrakRta 'hemandAnuzAsana' prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA vyavasthita rIti se prathama bAra sampAdana kiyA, jo san 1877 I0 meM prakAzita huaa| prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana meM pizala ne apane jIvana kA adhikAMza samaya vyatIta kiyA / prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa kI prakAzita evaM aprakAzita aneka kRtiyoM ke anuzIlana ke AdhAra para unhoMne prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa 'memeTika Dera prAkRta prAvana' nAma se jarmana meM likhA, jo 1900 I0 meM jarmanI ke stAsburga nagara se prakAzita huaa| isake aba aMgrejI aura hindI donoM bhASAoM ke anuvAda prakAzita ho cuke haiN| prAkRta bhASA ke isa mahAn grantha meM pizala ne na kevala prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ko vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai, apitu prAkRta bhASA kI utpatti Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| apane pUrvavartI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke matoM kA nirasana karate hue pizala ne pahalI bAra yaha mata pratipAdita kiyA ki prAkRta bhASA saMskRta se utpanna na hokara svatantra rUpa se vikasita huI hai| vaidika bhASA ke sAtha prAkRta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara unhoMne bhASA-vijJAna ke kSetra meM adhyayana kI naI dizA pradAna kI hai / vibhinna prAkRtoM kA adhyayana DA. pizala ke bAda bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA adhyayana karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| svatantra granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta bhASA sambandhI lekha bhI zodha-patrikAoM meM prakAzita hone lage the| isa samaya ke vidvAnoM meM jArja griyarsana kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| sAmAnya bhASA-vijJAna ke kSetra meM unakA jo yogadAna hai, utanA hI prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM bhii| san 1906 meM griyarsana ne paizAcI prAkRta ke sambandha meM 'da paizAcI leMgveja Apha nArtha-vesTarna iNDiyA' nAma se eka nibandha likhA, jo landana se chapA thaa| 1966 I0 meM dillI se isakA dUsarA saMskaraNa nikalA hai| paizAcI prAkRta kI utpatti evaM usakA anya bhASAoM ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai, isa viSaya para Apane vizeSa adhyayana kara 1912 00
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________________ pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA janavidyA ko yogadAna 575 I0 meM 'da privezana Apha paizAcI eNDa iTsa rilezana Tu adara leMgveja' nAmaka nibandha ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyaa| 1913 I0 meM Apane DhakkI prAkRta ke sambandha meM adhyayana prastuta kiyA 'apabhraza ekaDiMga TU mArkaNDeya eNDa DhakkI prAkRta / " inake atirikta griyarsana kA prAkRta ke bheda-prabhedoM ke sambandha meM adhyayana nirantara calatA rahA hai / 'da prAkRta vibhASAja" 'ena aravekavarDa kveTeDa vAya hemacandra', 'prAkRta dhatvAdeza', 'paizAcI',"Adi nibandha prAkRta bhASA evaM apabhraMza ke adhyayana ke prati griyarsana kI abhiruci ko pragaTa karate haiN| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke dUsare-tIsare dazaka taka prAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana kaI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / bhASA-vijJAna ke adhyayana ke lie isa samaya bhAratIya bhASAoM kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka samajhA jAne lagA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ne to prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa granthoM kA vidvattApUrNa sampAdana bhI kiyA hai| halTajazca ne siMharAja ke prAkRtarUpAvatAra kA sampAdana kiyA, jo san 1906 meM landana se chapA / jainavidyA kA adhyayana karane vAle vidvAnoM meM isa samaya ke prasiddha vidvAn DA. harmana jaikobI the, jinhoMne prAkRta vAGamaya kA vizeSa anuzIlana kiyA hai / jaikobI ne 'ausage velte etse liMgana ina mahArASTrI' (mahArASTrI (prAkRta) kI cunI huI kahAniyA~) nAma se eka pAThyapustaka taiyAra kI, jo san 1886 I0 meM lipajiga (jarmanI) se prakAzita huii| isake iNTroDakzana meM unhoMne mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sambandha meM vizada vivecana kiyA hai tathA vaidika bhASAoM se Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM taka ke vikAsa ko prastuta kiyA hai| jaikobI ne apane dvArA sampAdita prAkRta granthoM kI bhUmikAoM ke atirikta prAkRta bhASA ke sambandha meM svatantra nibandha bhI likhe haiM / san 1912-13 meM unhoMne 'prAkRta dera jesa, uvara Aine nIva sandhirIgala ina pAlI DaNDa ina, DaNDa ubara dI veTomiMga iNDizcina sprAkhana' nAmaka nibandha likhA,2 jo, pAli-prAkRta bhASAoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| jainakathA sAhitya ke AdhAra para prAkRta kA sarvaprathama adhyayana jaikobI ne hI kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM unakA 'uvara Daisa prAkRta ina Dera itselaMga liTarecara Dera jaina' nAmaka nibandha mahatvapUrNa hai| isI samaya pITarsana kA 'vaidika saMskRta eNDa prAkRta'13, epha0 i0 pajiTara kA 'cUlikA paizAcika prAkRta, Ara0 zmidita kA 'elImeNTara buka Dera zaurasainI', bAlTara zubriga kA 'prAkRta DicaTuMga DaNDa prAkRta menIka'5, ela. DI0 barneTa kA 'eplyUrala phArma ina da prAkRta Apha khotAna" Adi gaveSaNAtmaka kArya prAkRta bhASAoM ke adhyayana ke sambandha meM prakAza meM aaye| isa zatAbdI meM caturtha evaM paMcama dazaka meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA ke kSetra meM jo kArya kiyA usameM lyujiA nitti kA adhyayana vizeSa mahatva kA hai| unhoMne na kevala prAkRta ke vibhinna vaiyAkaraNoM ke matoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai, apitu abhI taka prAkRta bhASA para hue pizela Adi ke granthoM kI samyag samIkSA bhI kI hai| unakA prasiddha prantha 'lesa meriyansa prAkRtsa' (prAkRta ke vyAkaraNakAra) hai, jo perisa se san 1938 I0 meM prakAzita huA hai| nitti DolacI kA dUsarA grantha 'DU prAkRtakalpataru Desa rAmazarmana vigliyothika Dile Ala heTsa iTUyaDsa' hai| inhoMne prAkRtaapabhraMza bhASA se sambandhita samasyAoM para zodha-nibandha bhI likhe haiM-'prAkRta gremeriansa Disa eTa DAyalekTsa 18 aadi| isI samaya TI0 baro kA 'da leMgveja Apha da kharoSTrI DokumeMTsa phAma cAinIja turkistAna', nAmaka nibandha 1937 meM kaimbrija se prakAzita huA / prAkRta muhAvaroM ke sambandha meM viltore pisAnI ne 'ena ananoTisha prAkRta iDiyama' nAmaka lekha prakAzita kiyA / mAgadhI evaM ardhamAgadhI ke svarUpa kA vivecana karane vAlA DablyU. I.klarka kA lekha 'mAgadhI eNDa ardhamAgadhI', san 1944 I0 meM prakAza meM AyA / 1948 I. meM nArmana brAuna ne jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta aura usake sAhitya kA paricaya dene vAlA 'jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta sama kenikala meTeriyala ina' nAma se eka lekha likhaa| isa zatAbdI ke chaThe dazaka meM prAkRta ke sAhityika granthoM para bhI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne dRSTipAta kiyA / kuvalayamAlAkathA kI bhASA ne vidvAnoM ko adhika AkRSTa kiyaa| san 1950 meM alphaDa mAstara ne 'glIniMgsa phrAma da kuvalayamAlA' nAmaka lekha likhA, jisameM unhoMne grantha kI 18 dezI bhASAoM para prakAza DAlA / dUsare vidvAn je0 kyUpara ne 'da paizAcI phAgamenTa Apha da kuvalayamAlA' meM grantha kI bhASA kI vyAkaraNa-mUlaka vyAkhyA prastuta kii|22 prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana ke isa prasAra ke kAraNa vizva kI anya bhASAoM ke sAtha bhI usakI tulanA kI jAne lgii| prasiddha bhASAzAstrI jyUlsa blAkha ne apane 'prAkRta Cia laiTina guiden leMgveja'23 nAmaka lekha meM prAkRta aura laiTina bhASA ke sambandhoM para vicAra kiyA hai|
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________________ 576 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana pantha : SaSThama khaNDa apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM mAnA jAtA thA / kintu pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI khoja evaM apabhraMza sAhitya ke prakAza meM Ane se aba ye donoM bhASAe~ svatantra rUpa se astitva meM A gayI haiM aura una para alaga-alaga adhyayana-anusandhAna hone lagA hai| apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM aba taka hue adhyayana aura prakAzana kA vivaraNa DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI ne parizramapUrvaka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI apabhraMza bhASA kA paryApta adhyayana kiyA hai| ricarDa pizala ne prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke sAtha apabhrazabhASA ke svarUpa Adi kA bhI adhyayana prastuta kiyaa| 1880 I0 meM unhoMne 'dezI nAmamAlA' kA sampAdana kara use prakAzita karAyA, jisameM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki apabhraza bhASA janatA kI bhASA thI aura usameM sAhitya bhI racA jAtA thaa| Apake mata kA lAssana ne bhI samarthana kiyA / 1602 I0 meM pizala dvArA likhita 'mATeriAlisana tsura Desa apabhraMza' pustaka balina se prakAzita huI, jisameM svatantra rUpa se apabhraMza kA vivecana kiyA gyaa| jisa prakAra prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana kA sUtrapAta karane vAle ricarDa pizala the, usIprakAra apabhraMza ke granthoM ko sarvaprathama prakAza meM lAne vAle vidvAn DaoN. hamana jaikobI the| 1914 I0 meM jaikobI ko bhArata ke jaina-grantha bhaNDAroM meM khoja karate hue ahamadAbAda meM apabhraMza kA prasiddha grantha 'bhavisayattakahA' prApta huA tathA rAjakoTa meM 'neminAtha carita' kI pANDulipi milI / jaikobI ne ina donoM granthoM kA sampAdana kara apanI bhUmikA ke sAtha inheM prakAzita kiyaa| tabhI se apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana meM bhI gatizIlatA aayii| apabhraMza kA sambandha Adhunika bhASAoM ke sAtha spaSTa hone lgaa| apabhraMza bhASA ke tIsare videzI anveSaka manISI DaoN0 ela0 pI0 TessiTarI haiM, jinhoMne rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA kA adhyayana apabhraza ke sandarbha meM kiyA hai| san 1914 se 1616 I. taka Apake vidvattApUrNa lekhoM ne apabhraMza ke svarUpa evaM Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAtha usake sambandhoM ko pUrNatayA spaSTa kara diyA / TessiTarI ke ina lekhoM ke anuvAdaka DA0 nAmavarasiMha evaM DA0 sunItikumAra cATuA ina lekhoM ko Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM aura apabhraMza ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| isa bAta kI puSTi DA. griyarsana dvArA apabhraMza ke kSetra meM kiye gaye kAryoM se huI hai| DA0 griyarsana ne 'ligvisTika sarve Apha iMDiyA' ke prathama bhAga meM apabhraMza para vizeSa vicAra kiyA hai| 1613 I0 meM griyarsana ne mArkaNDeya ke anusAra apabhraMza bhASA ke svarUpa para vicAra prastuta karate hue eka lekha prakAzita kiyaa| 1922 I0 meM 'da apabhraMza stavakAja Apha rAmazarmana' nAmaka eka aura lekha ApakA prakAza meM AyA / isI varSa apabhraza para Apa svatantra rUpa se bhI likhate rhe| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya evaM caturtha dazaka meM apabhraMza para aura bhI nibandha prakAza meM Aye / harmana jaikobI kA 'jUra phAga nAka hema usaspraMgasa apabhraMza* esa0 smitha kA 'dejImAMsa dutIya apabhraMza A pAlI tathA luDaviga AlsaDorpha kA 'apabhraza maTereliyana jUra keMTanisa, Desa, bemara kunajana jU pizela' Adi adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / 1937 I. meM DA. AlsaDorpha ne 'apabhraza sTaDiyana' nAma se svatantra grantha hI pipajiMga se prakAzita kiyA, jo apabhraza para aba taka hue kAryoM kA mUlyAMkana prastuta karatA hai / 1636 I0 meM luigA nitti DolacI ke 'da apabhraMza stavakAja Apha rAmazarmana' se jJAta hotA hai ki apabhraMza kRtiyoM ke phreMca meM anuvAda bhI hone lage the| nitti holacI ne apabhraMza evaM prAkRta para svatantra rUpa se adhyayana hI nahIM kiyA, apitu pizala jaise prAkRta bhASA ke manISI kI sthApanAoM kI samIkSA bhI kI hai| san 1950 ke bAda apabhraza sAhitya kI aneka kRtiyA~ prakAza meM Ane lgiiN| ataH unake sampAdana aura adhyayana meM bhI pragati huI / bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne isa avadhi meM prAkRta-apabhraza para paryApta adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| videzI vidvAnoM meM DA. ke. DI. vIsa evaM AlsaDorpha ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / ke0 DI0 bIsa ne 1954 I. meM 'apabhraMza sTaDIja' nAmaka do nibandha prastuta kiye / dravir3a bhASA aura apabhraMza kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue unhoMne 'e drAbiDiyana Tarna ina apabhraMza,2 'e drAviDiyana IDiyama ina apabhraMza nAmaka do nibandha tathA 'apabhraMza sTaDIja' kA tIsarA" aura cauthA nibandha 1959-61 ke bIca prakAzita kiye| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke sAtaveM dazaka meM apabhraMza bhASA ke kSetra meM videzI vidvAn tizyozI nArA kA kArya mahattvapUrNa hai| san 1963 I0 meM unhoMne 'zArTaniMga Apha da phAinala vAvela Apha insTa0 sIga0 ena eNDa phonolAjI Apha da
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________________ pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA jainavidyA ko yogavAna 577 leMgveja ina saraha dohA' nAmaka nibandha prakAzita kiyA, 1964 I0 meM 'e sTaDI Apha avahaTTa eNDa proTobeMgAlI' viSaya para kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya se ApakA zodha-prabandha svIkRta huaa| isake bAda bhI apabhraMza para ApakA adhyayana gatizIla rhaa| 1665 I0 meM apabhraza eNDa avahaTTa-proTo nyU iMDo-Aryana sTejeja" nAmaka nibandha Apake dvArA prastuta kiyA gyaa| jaina sAhitya ... pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kevala prAkRta evaM apabhraza kA bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana hI nahIM kiyA apitu ina bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA bhI adhyayana kiyA hai| jainAgama, jainaTIkA-sAhitya tathA svatantra-sAhityika racanAoM ke prAmANika saMskaraNa jarmana aura phreMca vidvAnoM dvArA taiyAra kiye gaye haiN| jaina kathA sAhitya para unakI vizeSa ruci rahI hai| vyAkaraNa evaM bhASAzAstrIya granthoM ke atirikta 16vIM zatAbdI se aba taka jaina sAhitya ke jina pramukha granthoM para pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kArya kiyA hai, unakA vivaraNa-kAlakrama kI dRSTi se isa prakAra hai1. abhidhAnacintAmaNi o0 botalika 1848 I. zatrujayamahAtmya alvarTa vebara 1858 bhagavatIsUtra jaikobI 1868 kalpasUtra jaikobI 1876 dezInAmamAlA pizala 1880 nAyAdhammakahA sTenala 1881 aupapAtikasUtra evaM rAyapaseNiya lAyamana 1852 AcArAMga jaikobI 1885 uttarAdhyayanaTIkA jaikobI 1886 hemacandra liMgAnuzAsana epha0 Ara0 oTo 1886 12. kathAsaMgraha jaikobI 1886 13. sagarakathA kA jaina rUpa 1886 upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA jaikobI 1861 mahAvIra evaM buddha esa0epha0 oTo 1602 dharmaparIkSA miranova nikAlesa 1903 kalpasUtra zukiMga 1904 jainagranyasaMgraha myUreniTa 1906 jJAtAdharmakathA haTTamana 1907 aMtagaDadasAo baranaTa 1907 vajjAlagga jalasa 1613 paumacariyaM jaikobI 1614 karmagrantha glasanapa 1615 bhavisayattakahA jaikobI 1618 prabandhacintAmaNi sivela 1920 kAlakAcArya kathAnaka jaikobI 1621 neminAthacarita jaikobI 1621 28. sanatkumAracarita jaikobI 1621 26. tatvArthAdhigamasUtra evaM kalpasUtra . . sujukI 1621 uttarAdhyayanasUtra kArapeNTara 1922 digambara jaina granthoM kA paricaya vAlTara 1923 kumArapAlapratibodha AlsaDorpha 1628 phika WWWWWWWWWWW0000000
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________________ 578 zrI puSkaramani abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa lemana 35. 36. 40. 41. 42. 48. vidhAoM para pAzcAtya / 33. dasaveyAliyasutta 1932 34. harivaMzapurANa evaM mahApurANa AlsaDorpha 1635 sUryaprajJapti kola 1937 jambUdIpaprajJapti DablU kiphela 1937 prAkRta kalpataru nitti DolacI 1936 nyAyAvatArasUtra kanakurA 1944 mahAnizItha 1948 mallI kI kathA gusteva 1952 caupanna mahApurisacariyaM kalAsa 1955 mahAnizItha zukiMga 1963 AyAradazAo zubriga 1966 45. pravacanasAra e. Uno 1966 uttarAdhyayana AlsaDorpha 1954-66 oSaniyukti e. meTe 1968 mUlAcAra 39 AlsaDorpha 1968 bhagavatI mUlArAdhanA AlsaDorpha 1968 50. anuyogadvArasUtra anuvAgavAna TI. hanAkI 1970 vibhinna viSaya jaina sAhitya ke ina pramukha granthoM ke atirikta jaina-darzana kI anya vidhAoM para pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne likhA hai / unhoMne jaina granthoM kA sampAdana hI nahIM kiyA, apitu unake phreMca evaM jarmana bhASAoM meM anuvAda bhI kiye haiN| lAyamana ne pAdaliptasUri kI taraMgavatI kathA kA sundara anuvAda dAinona (Die Nonne-The Nun) ke nAma se prakAzita kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se cArlaTa kose kA iMDiyana nAvela (Indisch Novellen) mahattvapUrNa kArya hai|" jainAcAryoM kI jIvanI-sAhitya kI dRSTi se harmana jaikobI kA 'avara DAsa levana Desa jaina monsa hemacandra' nAmaka grantha mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina itihAsa aura purAtattva ke mahattvapUrNa avazeSoM ke sambandha meM bhI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / DI0 menaTa ne giranAra ke jaina mandiroM para likhA hai / joralaDubarala ne dakSiNa bhArata ke purAtattva para vicAra karate hue jana purAtattva ke mahattva para prakAza DAlA hai| eka myUrinaTa ne jaina abhilekhoM ke aitihAsika mahattva para prakAza DAlA hai|" pyUrinaTa kA vizeSa yogadAna jaina grantha sUcI ke nirmANa karane meM bhI hai| unhoMne 852 jaina grantha kA paricaya apane 'ese Ana jaina bibliyogrAphI' nAmaka nibandha meM diyA hai| isake bAda 'noTasa Ana jaina bibliyogrAphI' tathA 'sama kalekzansa Apha jaina buksa' jaise nibandha bhI unhoMne jaina grantha sUcI ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM likhe haiN|2 inake pUrva bhI 1897 I0 meM arnesTa lyUmana ne 200 hastalikhita digambara jaina granthoM kA paricaya apane eka lekha meM diyA hai|" jaina sAhitya ke granthoM kA adhyayana karane vAle pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM vintaranitsa kA sthAna ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne apane 'hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara' nAmaka prasiddha grantha meM lagabhaga 150 pRSThoM meM jaina sAhitya kA vivaraNa diyA hai / usa samaya unheM utane hI jaina grantha upalabdha the| isa vivaraNa meM vinTaranitsa ne jaina kathAoM kA bhArata kI anya kathAoM evaM videzI kathAoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| videzoM meM janavidyA ke adhyayana kendra ____ lagabhaga do sau varSoM taka pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA janavidyA para kiyA gayA adhyayana bhArata evaM videzoM meM jainavidyA ke pracAra-prasAra meM paryApta upayogI rahA hai / ina vidvAnoM ke kAryoM evaM lagana ko dekhakara bhAratIya vidvAn bhI jainavidyA ke adhyayana meM juTe / pariNAmasvarUpa na kevala prAkRta-apabhraza sAhitya ke saikar3oM anya prakAza meM Aye, apitu bhAratIya vidyA ke adhyayana ke lie janavidyA ke adhyayana kI anivAryatA aba anubhava kI jAne lagI hai| DA0pI0 ela0 vaidyA, DA0 eca0 DI0 belaNakara, DA0 eca0 ela0 jaina, DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, DA0 jI0 bI0 sagAre, munipuNya tasUri kI taraMgavatI kathA kA kiyA, apitu unake phaca
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________________ pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA jainavidyA ko yogadAna 576 vijaya evaM muni jinavijaya, paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA Adi vidvAnoM ke kAryoM ko isa kSetra meM sadA smaraNa kiyA jAvegA / ******* videzoM meM bhI vartamAna meM jainavidyA ke adhyayana ne jora pakar3A hai| pUrva jarmanI meM phrI yunivarsiTI barlina meM prophesara DA0 klosa brahana (Klaus Bruehu ) jaina liTarecara eNDa mAitholAjI, iMDiyana ArTa eNDa ikonogrAphI kA adhyApana kArya kara rahe haiN| unake sahayogI DA0 sI0 bI0 tripAThI buddhista jaina liTarecara tathA DA0 monIkA jArDana jaina liTarecara kA adhyApana kArya karane meM saMlagna haiN| pazcimI jarmanI hamabarga meM DA0 ela0 AlsaDArpha svayaM jainavidyA ke adhyayana-adhyApana meM saMlagna haiM / uttarAdhyayananiyukti para kArya kara rahe haiN| unake chAtra zvetAmbara evaM digambara jaina granthoM para zodha kara rahe haiN| prAkRta bhASAoM kA vizeSa adhyayana belajiyama meM kiyA jA rahA hai| vahA~ para DA0 je0 DelyU0 'jainijma tathA prAkRta' para, DA0 ela0 DI0 rAya 'klAsikala saMskRta eNDa prAkRta' para pro0 DA0 Ara0 phohale 'klAsikala saMskRta prAkRta eNDa iMDiyana rilIjana' para tathA pro0 DA0 e0 zcAyeM 'eziyaNTa iMDiyana leMgvejeja eNDa liTarecara - vaidika, klAsikala saMskRta eNDa prAkRta' para adhyayana-anusandhAna kara rahe haiN|" isI prakAra penIsilavAniyA yunivarsiTI meM pro0 nArmana brAuna ke nirdezana meM prAkRta tathA jaina sAhitya meM zodhakArya huA hai / iTalI meM pro0 DA0 vitaro visAnI evaM pro0 okAra boTo (Ocear Botto) jaina vidyA ke adhyayana meM saMlagna haiN| AsTreliyA meM pro0 I0 phAulnara venA (E. Frauwalner Viena) jainavidyA ke vidvAna haiN| perisa meM pro0 DA0] mauta renu (Lous Renou), roma meM DA0 ducI (Tachi) tathA jArjiyA (Georgia) meM DA0 bAlTara vArDa ( Walterward) bhAratIya vidyA ke adhyayana ke sAtha sAtha jainijma para bhI zodha kArya meM saMlagna haiM / " jApAna meM jainavidyA kA adhyayana bauddhadharma ke sAtha cInI evaM tibbatana srotoM ke AdhAra para prArambha huA / isake pravartaka the pro0 je sujukI (J. Suzuki) jinhoMne jaina sekaMDa buksa' ke nAma se (Jainakyosciten ) lagabhaga 250 pRSTha kI pustaka likhI / vaha 1920 I0 meM 'varlDasa sekreDa buksa' granthamAlA ke antargata prakAzita huI / " sujukI ne 'satyArthabhigama sUtra', 'yogazAstra' evaM 'kalvasUtra' kA jApAnI anuvAda bhI apanI bhUmikAoM ke sAtha prakAzita kiyaa| jaina vidyA para kArya karane vAle dUsare jApAnI vidvAna tuhuku (Tohuku) vizvavidyAlaya meM bhAratIya vidyA ke adhyakSa DA0 60 kanakurA (E. Kanakura ) haiM inhoMne san 1931 meM prakAzita hisTrI Apha spricuala sivilAijezana Apha esi yaNTa iMDiyA ke naveM adhyAya meM jaMnadharma ke siddhAntoM kI vivecanA kI hai| tathA 'da sTaDo Apha jainijma' kRti 1940 meM Apake dvArA prakAza meM AyI / 1944 I0 meM tattvArthadhigamasUtra evaM nyAyAvatAra kA jApAnI anuvAda bhI Apane kiyA hai " bIsavIM zatAbdI ke chaThe evaM sAtaveM dazaka meM bhI jainavidyA para mahattvapUrNa kArya jApAna meM huA hai| tezo (Taisho) vizvavidyAlaya ke pro0 esa0 massunAmI (S. Matsunami) ne bauddhadharma aura jainadharma kA tulanAtmaka adhyana prastuta kiyA hai / 'e sTaDI Ana dhyAna ina digambara sekTa' (1961) 'ethiksa Apha jainijma eNDa buddhijma' (1963) tathA isimAsiyAI (1966) evaM 'sAniyata' (1968) kA jApAnI anuvAda jainavidyA para ApakI pramukha racanAe~ haiM / san 1670 I0 meM DA0 eca0 ui (H. Ui) kI pustaka 'sTaDI Apha iMDiyana philAsaphI' prakAza meM AyI / usake dUsare evaM tIsare bhAga meM unhoMne jainadharma ke sambandha meM adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| Tokiyo vizvavidyAlaya ke pro0 DA0 eca0 nakamurA (H. Nakamura ) tathA pro0 yUtaka ojihArA (Yotak Ojihara ) vartamAna meM janavidyA ke adhyayana meM abhiruci rakhate haiM / unake lekhoM meM jainadharma kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai|" bI atsuzI uno (Atsush Uno ) bhI jainavidyA ke utsAhI vidvAn hai| inhoMne vItarAgastuti (hemacandra ), pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAyasAra, tathA sarvadarzanasaMgraha ke tRtIya adhyAya kA jApAnI anuvAda prastuta kiyA hai| kucha jainadharma sambandhI lekha bhI likhe haiM / san 1961 meM 'karma DaoNkTrAina ina jainijma' nAmaka pustaka bhI Apane likhI hai / 52 pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA janavidyA para kiye gaye kAryoM ke isa vivaraNa ko pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / bahuta se vidvAnoM aura unake kAryoM kA ullekha sAdhanahInatA aura samaya kI kamI ke kAraNa isameM nahIM ho pAyA hai| phira bhI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI lagabhaga lagana, parizrama evaM niSpakSa pratipAdana zailI kA jJAna isase hotA hI hai /
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________________ *O O -O 580 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA janavidyA ke kSetra meM kiye gaye isa yogadAna kA eka pariNAma yaha bhI huA ki bhArata aura videzoM meM jainavidyA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke lie svastha vAtAvaraNa taiyAra huA hai / aneka videzI vidvAna bhArata kI vibhinna saMsthAoM meM tathA aneka bhAratIya vidvAn videzoM ke vizvavidyAlayoM meM jainavidyA para zodha kArya karane meM saMlagna haiM / " sandarbha evaM sandarbha sthala 1 Pot-The Etymological Study of Indo-European Languages (1833-36). Shliescher-Comparative Work in the Grammar of Indo-European Languages. 2 F. Wiesinger-Grammar Indology: Past and Present, 1969, Bombay. 3 The Indian Antiquary, Vol. 3, p. 17-21 and p. 166-168. 4 A. M. Ghatge-A Brief Sketch of Prakrit Studies: In Progress of Indic Studies, Poona, 1942. 5 Asiatic Society Monographs, Vol. 8, London, 1906. 6 Journal of the German Oriental Society, 1912. 7 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1913, p. 875-883. 8 The Indian Antiquary, 1918. 9 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1919. 10 Memories of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. 8. No. 2, 1924. 11 Sir Ashutosh Mukerjee Silver Jubilee Vol. 3, 1925, p. 119-141. 12 sTagavela smRtigrantha sTrAsabarga, 1912-12, pR0 111-221 13 Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 32, 1912. 14 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series, London, 1912, p. 711-713. 15 F. Stegarve Jacobi, Bonn (Germany) 1926, p. 89-97. 16 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series, London, 1927, p. 848 and 1928, p. 399. 17 See - prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, anu0 jozI, Amukha pR0 3-7 18 Bulletin of School of Oriental and African Studies, No. 8. p. 681-683, London, 1936. 19 Journal of the American Oriental and African Studies, No. 8, p. 681-683, London, 1936. 20 ke0 ema0 munzI svarNamahotsava grantha, bhAMga 8, pR0 27-32 21 Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, 4. 22 Indo-Iranian Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1957. ***** 23 Journal of the Linguistic Society of America, Vol. 29. No. 2, Part 1-2, April-June, 1953. 24 DI0 ke0 zAstrI - apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyA~, dillI, 1672 25 'Notes on the Grammar of the Old Western Rajasthani with special reference to Apa bhramsa and Gujrati and Marvari'-Indian Antiquary, 1914-16. 26 Indian Antiquary, Jan. 1922. 27 phesTamizriSTa je0 vAkaranala, pR0 124-131, gATiMgana, 1623 28 Bulletin of the School of London, 33, p. 169-72. 29 M. Winternitz Memorial Volume, p. 29-36., 1933. 30 DaoN0 zAstrI, vahI, pR0 60-64 31 Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 74. No. 1. p. 1-5, No. 3, p. 142-46. 32 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ayarland, London, Vol. 1-2. 1954. 33 Prof. P. K. Gour Commemoration Vol. 1960. 34 Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 79, No. 1. 1959. 35 Ibid, Vol. 81, No. 1. p. 13-21, 1961. 36 Bulletin of the Philological Society of Calcutta, 4, 1, 1963. 37 Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan, Vol. 42, p. 47-58, 1965. 38 German Indology-Past and Present, p. 21 39 Bharatiya Jnanpith Patrika, Oct. 1968, p. 183.
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________________ pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA janavidyA ko yogadAna 581. 40 The Contribution of French and German Scholars to Jain Studies.--Acharya Bhikshu Smritigranth, p. 106. 41 Ibid, D. K. Banerjee, p. 106. 42 Tbid, p. 106 43 'vInera jeTizciphTa phuDI kuNDe Desa mora jenaleNDasa' (jarmanI), pR0 267-312. 44 DaoN0 zAstrI, vahI, pR0 62 45 jJAnapITha patrikA, 1668 pR0183 46 Atsushi Uno-Jain Studies in Japan' -Jain Journal Vol. VIII, No. 2., 1973. p. 75. 47 Ibid, p.77 48 The Voice of Ahimsa, Vol. 6. 3-4, 1956, p. 136-37. 49 Jain Journal, Oct. 1973, p 78. 50 Ibid, p. 77. 51 Ibid. 52 'Progress of Prakrit and Jain Studies'--Presidential address of Dr. Nathmal Titia in AIOC Varnansi, 1968. 53 See-Ghatage-Above article, and Winternitz-History of Indian Literature, Vol. II.-Jain Literature. 54 jaina, rAjArAma-adhyakSIya bhASaNa, prAkRta evaM jainijma vibhAga, a. bhA. prAcyavidyA sammelana, dhAravAr3a 1976 . ~-o-pUSka ra vANI-------------------------------0-0-0--0-0-0--0-2 kisI bhI vastu kA bAharI raMga-rUpa dekhakara mata bharamAo, usakA guNa aura tattva dekho, kastUrI kAlI hotI hai, para kitanI mUlyavAna hai ? maiMsa bhI kAlI hotI hai, para kitanA ujalA cikanA dUdha detI hai ? sajjana bAhara se bhale hI malina vastra pahane dikheM, sIdhe-sAde dubale-patale hoM, kintu unakI ujjvala AtmA kitanI mahAn hai ? tuma bAhara ko nahIM, bhItara ko dekho| a-o---------------------------------------------------0--0-0-05