Pali Agamo ma Chatuyam Samvar

Author(s): Padmanabh S Jaini
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229408/1

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106 anusandhAna 44 pAlI (bauddha) AgamomAM cAtuyAma-saMvara -padmanAbha esa. jainI DaoN. harmana jekobIe potAnA eka mahattvapUrNa zodhalekha ' Mahavira and His Predecessors'(Indian Antiquary 1880) ne prakAzita karye 100 uparAMta varSoM vItI gayAM che, chatAM, sAmaJaphalasutta (dIghanikAyagata)mAM niggaMtha nAtaputta ane temanA para (bauddho dvArA) Aropita cAtuyAma-saMvaranA bauddhagranthIya sandarbho uparanAM DaoN. jekobInAM nirIkSaNo, Ajaparyanta mahAvIranA aitihAsika prAmANya ane cAtuyAma saMvaranA upadezanI prAcInatAne puravAra karavAmAM pAyAnI garaja sAre che. jekobI jaina AgamonA potAnA anuvAda The Jain Sutras, Part 1 and 2 nI prastAvanAmAM potAnI keTalIka dalIlonuM punarAvartana kare che. ahIM, teo uttarAdhyayana sUtranA kezi-gautamIyaadhyayana(23)mAMthI eka navu-vadhArAnuM pramANa Ape che. teo kahe che ke pAlI-bhASIya zAstro dvArA nigrantha jJAtaputra para karAyelo cAtuyAma-saMvara (jainAgamomAM cAujjAma-dhamma)no Aropa bhrAntimUlaka che ane nirganthono siddhAnta to buddha ane mahAvIra karatAM paNa prAcIna che. uttarAdhyayananI sAkSI pramANe to teno upadeza 23mA jina pArzvanAthe karelo che. have, sAmaJcaphalasuttamAM cAtuyAma saMvaranA cAra yAmo kayA che teno koI nirdeza nathI. uttarAdhyayanasUtramA kahyu ke pArzvanAthe cAra mahAvrato upadezyAM ane mahAvIre pAMca, paNa te vrato kayAM, teno koI ullekha nathI. jekobI pachI, Aja sudhI, cAtuyAma saMvara vize ne uttaragAmI saMzodhano thayAM, te badhAM ja uparokta bauddha ane jaina Agamagata pramANono ja vistAra che. pAMca mahAvrato to, sthAnAGga sUtra ane bIjA sUtrothI pramANita ja che, ane te vratotuM varNana paNa, pratyekanI pAMca pAMca bhAvanAo sAthe, vistArathI te te zAstromAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. vrato A pramANe che : 1.hiMsAthI viramavU, 2.asatya bolavAthI viramavU, 3.cauryathI viramavRM, 4.abrahmacaryathI viramavU, ane 5. vastuonI mUrchAthI viramavaM.

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jUna 2008 107 . bhagavatIsUtramAM, cAujjAmathI A vratone bhinna dekhADavA teno nirdeza paMcajAma-evo karyo che. A sUtranA 25mA zatakanA 3jA uddezAmAM pAMca saMyamonuM varNana karatI pAMca gAthAo che. temAMnI prathama be gAthAo ahIM ApaNA abhyAsa mATe prastuta che. prathama saMyama te sAmAyika saMyama che. AcArAGga sUtra pramANe tenI vyAkhyA sarva sAvadya yogothI viramavU-evI che, ane AvaM sAmAyika bhagavAna mahAvIre karyu hatuM - "savvaM me akaraNijjaM pAvakammaM ti kaTTa sAbhAiyaM carittaM paTivajjai // " bhagavatI sUtranI uparokta pAMca gAthAmAMthI prathama gAthAmAM kAM che ke "sAmayika pote ja anuttara cAujjAma dharma che."1 have jo AvI vAta hoya to ahIM evaM bhAse ke mahAvIre dIkSA grahaNa karatI vakhate cAujjAma dharma svIkAryo haze. jo ke koI paNa zvetAmbara TIkAkAre Aq vidhAna karyu nathI. bIjI gAthAmAM chedopasthApana saMyamanI vyAkhyA karI che. ahIM ema kardA che ke chedopasthApana te paMcajAma arthAta paJcamahAvratavALA saMyama sAthe sAdRzya dharAve che.2 digambara paramparAmAM, jo ke, cAujjAma zabda ja nathI, chatAM sAmAyika ane chedopasthApana pado prAcIna digambara zAstra - AcArya vaTTakera racita mUlAcAramA che. temAM kAM che ke sarva sAvadyayogothI viratirUpa sAmAyika saMyamano, kyAreka aticAra lAge to tenA pratikramaNa sAthe, upadeza 24mAMthI 22 tIrthakaroe Apyo che. jyAre RSabhadeva ane mahAvIra nAmanA prathama ane antima tIrthaGkaroe to nitya pratikramaNa sAthe chedopasthApana cAritrano upadeza Apyo che. 3 zvetAmbara pAThomAM sAmAyika zabdanuM cAujjAma sAthe sAmya kaI rIte batAvyuM che te to eka rahasya ja rahe che. valI, koI paNa TIkAkAro potAnI TIkAmAM AnA vize koI khulAso ApatA nathI. jo ke, cAujjAma zabda to bIjI jaina 1. sAmAiyaMmi 3 kae cAujjAmaM aNuttaraM dhamma / tiviheNa phAsayaMto sAmAiyasaMjamo sa khalu / / 2. chettUNa ya paripAyaM porANaM jo Thavei appANaM / dhammami paMcanAme cheovaTThAvaNo sa khalu // 3. mUlAcAra - 535 gAthA /

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108 anusandhAna 44 paramparAmAM paNa dhaNo prasiddha che. kAraNa ke AcArya zivArye (prAya: digambare) racela bhagavatI ArAdhanA paranI yAphnIyAcArya aparAjitasUrie racelI vijayodayATIkA(prAyaH dazamaM zataka)mAM paNa teno ullekha che. tyAM sAdhuonA pratikramaNa vizenA niyamonI carcA karatAM teo jaNAve che ke prathama ane antima tIrthaGkaro rojanA (nitya) pratikramaNa sAthenA vratonA upadeza Ape che jyAre vacalA 22 tIrthaMkaro doSa lAge to ja karavArUpa (naimittika) pratikramaNa sAthenA dharmano upadeza Ape che. AnA sandarbhamAM teo kahe cha ke-Avo pheraphAra prathama-antima tIrthaGkaronA paJcayAma dharma ane anyatra caturyAma dharmanA kAraNa che. zvetAmbara AgamomAM mahattva, sthAna dharAvatuM A cAujjAma pada, zvetAmbara ke digambara paramparAgata tattvArthasUtramA ke tenAM bhASya-TIkA va.mAM paNa kyAMya jovA maLatuM nathI te ghaNuM cintanIya che. alabatta, pAMca mahAvratonI vAta to tyAM Ave ja che. A vratanA 'sUtranI vyAkhyA karatAM (digambara) sarvArthasiddhikAra kahe che ke "mUlata: to eka ja sAmAyika vrata che, je sarva sAvadyayogothI viramaNarUpa che. Aja eka vrata chedopasthApana sAmAyikanI apekSAe pAMca bhedavAluM kartuM che.'' parantu ahIM cAujjAmazabdano koI ullekha nathI. ____ aparAjitasUrie darzAvela caturyAma-paJcayAma zabdo bhagavatIsUtramA varNavela sAmAyika tathA chedopasthApana saMyamane anusare che, chatAM Azcarya to ahIM e vAtanuM che ke cAujjAmanI antargata zuM zuM Ave che te to bhagavatIsUtramA ke vijayodayA TIkAmAM kyAMya jaNAvyuM nathI. tethI sthAnAGgasUtramA varNita cAra yAmonI sarakhAmaNI karavA mATe tathA cothA yAmano artha spaSTa karavA mATe durbhAgye ApaNI pAse koI AdhAra raheto nathI. sthAnAGgasUtranA caturthasthAnanA 266mA sUtramA cAujjAmanA cAra yAmo A rIte kahyA che : sarvaprANAtipAta viramaNa, sarvamRSAvAda viramaNa, sarvaadattAdAna viramaNa ane sarvathI bahiddhAdAna biramaNa. A cothA bahiddhAdAna viramaNano artha Aja divasa sudhI aspaSTa rahyo che. jyAre prathama traNa yAmo atyanta spaSTa che. bahiddhAdAnanI ekathI vadhAre arthacchAyAo kahevAmAM AvI che. TIkAkAra AcAryo ApaNane pArzvanAthe nirUpela caturthavratamAM mahAvIre upadezela caturtha tathA paJcama ema 1. tattvArthasUtra - 7-1. /

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jUna 2008 banne vratono samAveza thAya che - e vAtanI pratIti karAvavAmA udyamavanta che. sthAnAGgasUtranI vRttimAM abhayadevasUri bahiddhA zabdano artha maithunaparigraha vizeSa ane AdAna eTale anya parigraha - ema kare che. A rIte be zabdo bhegA karIne baneluM pada mahAvIre upadezela banne vratone samAve che, evaM teo samajhe che. teo kahe che ke, jo ke A vAta tyAM spaSTatayA samajhAvI nathI chatAM, maithuna te parigrahamAM avazya samAviSTa thAya ja che. kAraNa ke je strI potAnI mAlikImAM svIkArAI na hoya te strI sAthe maithuna na thaI zake, tene bIjA koI paNa bAhya padArthanI jema choDI devI paDe. 109 ahIMyA koIe evaM na vicArakhuM ke ziSyonI kakSA judI judI hovAne kAraNe be tIrthaGkaronA upadezamAM maulika taphAvata che. abhayadevasUri spaSTatA kare jache ke ahIM dekhAto taphAvata jo ke temanA ziSyonI paristhitinA kAraNe che, chatAM mULabhUta rIte to badhA ja tIrthaMGkaro pAMceya mahAvratono upadeza Ape che. [ ahIMyA e noMdhavuM joIe ke bhagavatIsUtranA 20mA zatakanA 8mA uddezAmAM tIrtha - tIrthaGkaranAM varNano, temanA upadezo va sarvanuM nirUpaNa che parantu cAujjAma ane paJcavrata e banne vize temAM koI varNana nathI. ] abhayadevasUri potAnI vAtane puSTa karavA mATe uttarAdhyayana sUtra (adhya. 23, gAthA 26-27) no sandarbha Ape che, jemAM eka anuktapUrva vidhAna che ke prathama tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo Rju jaDa che, antima tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo vakra- jaDa che jyAre madhyama tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo Rju prAjJa che. - amuka kAlakhaNDamAM sAdhuone bIjA kAlakhaNDa karatAM. vadhAre spaSTa te vrato ApavA jarUrI che evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtragata vidhAna digambarone paNa mAnya che. mUlAcAramAM (gAthA 628- 629) kahyuM che ke, prathama - antima tIrthaGkaronA sAdhuone pratikramaNa pharajiyAta che jyAre vacalA tIrthaGkaronA sAdhuone to jyAre sAmAyika saMyamamAM aticAra lAge tyAre ja pratikramaNa karavuM. prathama ane antima tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuone chedopasthApanIya cAritra levuM paDe che tenuM kAraNa e che ke prathama tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuone potAnA doSo oLakhavA kaThina che jyAre antima tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuone potAnAM vrato pALavAM duSkara che banne prakAranA sAdhuo kartavyAkartavyano ke ucitAnucitano viveka nathI karI zakatA.

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110 anusandhAna 44 AnI TIkA karatAM vasunandi kahe che ke prathama jinanA sAdhuo svabhAvathI ja atyanta bhadrika tathA sarala hatA tyAre antima jinanA sAdhuono moTo bhAga vakrasvabhAvI che. mUlAcArano hindI anuvAda karatAM AryA jJAnamatI kahe che yugalikonI bhogabhUmija paristhiti pUrNa thaI rahI hatI ane karmabhUmija paristhitinI zarUAta hatI tethI lokone haju vratonA pAlananI pUrNa samajaNa na hatI, mATe teone aticAra lAgyo hoya ke na lAgyo hoya, chatAM pratikramaNa karavu Avazyaka hatuM. jyAre antima tIrthaGkaranA kAlamAM paJcamakAla-kalikAla najIkamAM ja hato ane jIvonAM citta vakra hovAthI teo potAnAM doSone joI zakatA nahotA mATe teone mATe pratikramaNa anivArya gaNAyuM. yApanIyoM paNa digambaronI A vAta sAthe sahamata che evaM vijayodaya TIkAthI jaNAya che. aparAjitasUri andha azvanI cikitsAnA dRSTAntathI pratikramaNano niyama samajhAve che. eka mANasano ghoDo bimAra hato. vaidye tene, najIkanA parvata para UgatI eka vanaspati, cikitsArUpe ghoDAne khavaDAvavAnuM kartuM. paNa te vyaktine te vanaspatinI oLakhANa nahotI. tethI te tyAM UgelI ghaNI vanaspatio laI Avyo ane te badhI ja ghoDAne khavaDAvI dIdhI to ghoDo sAjo thaI gayo. ahIM prathama ane antima tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo mATe pratikramaNa vanaspatitulya che. jo tamane khabara na hoya ke cokkasa kayA aticAronuM pratikramaNa karavU to badhA ja zakya mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika aticAronuM pratikramaNa karI levU. have, zvetAmbara-digambara zAstromAM prApta thatAM pratikramaNa tathA paJcavrata vizenAM nirUpaNo yukta ja che, chatAM zvetAmbara zAstromAM Apela sAmayika saMyama tathA cAujjAma ne AzrayIne ahIM be prazno UbhA thAya cha : 1. badhAM vratone vyApI janAra sAmAyika saMyamarUpa eka ja vratane, vacalA 22 tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo jo sArI rIte samajhI jatA hatA to te vratanA vadhu vizadIkaraNanI zI jarUra hatI ? ane 2. vizadIkaraNa vakhate paNa, jo prathama tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo mATe pAMca vrato rAkhyAM ja hatAM to 22 tIrthaGkaranA sAdhuo mATe kema cAra ja vrata kahyAM ? bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to, jo vratono vistAra karavo ja hato to

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jUna 2008 cAujjAma nA cothA aGgarUpe paJcavratanAM chellAM be vratono bahiddhAdAna- veramaNaMrUpe zA mATe samAveza karyo ? 111 AnA anusandhAnamAM eka atiprAcIna chatAM prAya: aprasiddha evA isibhAsiyAI sUtrane AzrayIne kAMIka vicArIe. 1942 nA A AgamanA potAnA sampAdanamAM zabriMge dhyAna doryu che ke, 45 pratyekabuddhomAMnA prathama (prAya: anirgrantha) evA nArada RSinA adhikAramAM temanAM prathama traNa vrato to prANAtipAta viramaNa va.ja che, parantu cothuM vrata abbaMbha - pariggaha nAmaka kahyuM che. A vAta bhagavAna mahAvIra pahelAMnI cAra vratonI paramparAne puSTi Ape che. Aja sUtranA 31mA pAsijja nAmajjhayaNaM mAM pArzva RSinA upadezono samAveza karyo che. tenA be pATho che. temAM prathama pAThamAM loka-gati karmavipAkAdinuM varNana che jyAre bIjA pAThamAM prANAtipAtathI yAvat parigraha paryantanuM varNana che parantu maithunanI vAta ja karavAmAM AvI nathI. tethI evo sandeha thAya che ke brahmacarya te vratomA samAviSTa hatuM ke nahi ? AnA pachI evaM vidhAna che ke - je nirgrantha jJAnI ane cAujjAmathI saMvRta che te ATha karmone pharI bAMdhato nathI. ahIM zubriMga kahe che ke, '31mA adhyayananA bIjA pAThane anusAre to isibhAsiyAI sUtra aitihAsika che. ' parantu ahIM draSTavya e che ke A sarvaprathama AgamikasUtra che jemAM cAujjAmano sambandha nirgrantha sAthe darzAvavAmAM Avyo che ane te paNa pAsa nAmanA sAdhu sAthe ke je kadAcit 23mA tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha paNa hoI zake. ( have bauddhagranthone AzrayIne carcA karIe.) pUrve nirdiSTa sAmaJJalaphalasuttanI jema dIghanikAyanAM bIjAM paNa be sUtro cAtuyAma saMvaranA ApaNA abhyAsa mATe upayogI che. te bannenuM nAma sIhanAdasutta che. temano viSaya 'nirvANaprApti mATe sAdhujIvanamAM karAtA svanigrahanA guNa-doSo' che. ahIM, prathama kassapasIhanAda sutta (kra. 7) mAM cAtuyAma saMvaranI koI carcA nathI, parantu mAtra buddhe nigrodhanAmaka bhikSuno achaDato ullekha karyo che jenI kathA udumbarikAsIhanAda sUtra ( kra. 25) mAM che. A suttamAM cAtuyAma saMvaranuM prAya: tevuM ja varNana che jevuM sthAnAGgasUtramAM che, parantu temAM niggaMtha nAtaputta ke bIjA

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PP anusandhAna 44 koIno ullekha nathI. A sUtra jekobInA dhyAnamAM na AvyuM ane ghaNA samaya sudhI upekSita rahyaM tenuM prAyaH A ja kAraNa che. dIghanikAyamAM bIjA krame AvatuM sAmaJaphalasutta, jo ke uparokta banne sutto karatAM pUrvatana lAge chatAM tevU kadAca nathI. kAraNa ke, A sutta, pazcAttApathI buddha pAse AvatA pitRghAtaka rAjA ajAtazatrunA sandarbhamAM racAyuM che. ane A ghaTanA to buddhanA jIvananA chello dazeka varSomAM ghaTI hoya tevU jaNAya che. prathama sIhanAdasuttamAM kassapa nAme tapasvI buddha pAse AvIne pUche che ke, 'zuM sAce ja buddha tapazcaryAnI upekSA tathA gardA kare che ? ane judAM judAM kezaluJcana, nagnatA, bhikSAcaryA va. kaSTakara jIvana jIvatA zramaNo je zramaNacaryA Acare che temAM doSa jue che ?' A saMvAdanA cheDe baddha nigrodhano ullekha kare che ke je kassapa jevU ja kaSTamaya jIvana jIvato hato, teNe jyAre buddhane jIvananA ucca prakAranA tapa vize prazna pUchyo tyAre pote tene potAno mata samajAvyo hato. buddha kassapane paNa te badhAM kaSTonI vyarthatA samajAve che ane aSTa Arya satyono upadeza Ape che. te sAMbhalI kassapa bauddha bhikSu banI arhata-pada pAme che. ___'tapasvI nigrodhane pote maLyA hatA' evA buddhanA zabdo para TIkA karatAM buddhaghoSa dIghanikAya-aTThakahAmAM kahe che ke, 'te nigrodhano vRttAnta udumbarikAsIhanAdasutta mAM saGgrahIta thayelo che.' atikaThina zramaNacaryAne pALanAro nigrodhanAmaka parivrAjaka potAnA vizAla ziSyagaNa sAthe udumbarikodhAnamA vasato hato. eka divasa buddhane vandana karavA jato eka bauddha upAsaka mArgamA nigrodha pAse gayo ane tenI sabhAmAM teNe buddhanI prazaMsA karI. tyAre nigrodhe karvA ke - 'te (gautama) to ekAntamAM chupAIne rahyo che. jo te jAheramAM AvIne mArI sAthe vAda kare to te khullo paDI jaze.' buddhe potAnA atIndriya jJAnathI A hakIkata jANI ane pote ja tenA sthAnamAM upasthita thayA. nigrodhe buddhane kaThora tapa vize, ziSyonI tAlIma vize, zuddhadharma vize pRcchA karI. tyAre buddhe tene je pratibhAva Apyo te ApaNI carcAmAM upayogI che. buddhe tene karvA ke - 'nigrodha ! tuM mane tArA potAnA siddhAnto vize, 1. dIghanikAya 1:176 /

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jUna 2008 jIvananA ucca tapo vize, svadamananA phAyadA geraphAyadAo vize prazno pUcha.' ___ tyAra pachI buddha ane nigrodha bacce ghaNo lAMbo saMvAda cAle che jemAM buddha tene kassapasIhanAdasuttamAM varNavela tapa va.nI nirarthakatA samajAve che ane kahe che ke 'dehadamananA badhA ja prakAro doSapUrNa che ane pavitra ucca jIvanarUpI vRkSanI chAlane paNa teo sparzI zakatA nathI to tenA sArane to kyAMthI pAmI zake ?' nigrodha pUche che - 'to bhadanta ! kaI rIte koI sAdhu pavitra jIvananI ucca kakSA tathA tenA sArane pAmI zake cha ?' buddha kahe che - 'koI sAdhu tapasvI cAtuyAma saMvarathI saMvRtta thAya che. cAtuyAma saMvara eTale, te sAdhu - 1. koine mAre nahi, marAve nahi, mAranAranI anumodanA paNa na kare; 2. te adatta le nahi, levaDAve nahi, lenAranI anumodanA paNa na kare; 3. te mRSA bole nahi; bolAve nahi, bolanAranI anumodanA paNa na kare; ane 4. te indriyonA viSayone abhileSa nahi, abhilaSAve nahi, abhilASA karanAranI anumodanA paNa na kare. A rIte te sAdhu cAtuyAma saMvarathI saMvRtta thAya che.' ahIM e noMdhaq joie ke - jaina paramparAmAM hiMsA, mRSA, adatta-evo krama che jyAre ahIM hiMsA, adatta, mRSA...evo krama che. bIjUM, cothA vratamA Avato bhAvitaM (no bhAvitaM AsIsati) zabda bahu mahattvano che, ane A sandarbhamAM te koI jaina granthamAM jovAmAM nathI Avyo. A zabda para TIkA karatAM buddhaghoSa aTThakathAmAM kahe che ke - 'jeo A cAtuyAma saMvaramAM mAne che teonA mate bhAvitano artha pAMca kAmaguNo che, arthAt indriya sambandhI sukhanA prakAro che.' jo ke, bauddhoe anyatra bhAvita zabdano '(koino) rAga hovo, abhilASa hovo, tenuM satata cintana hovU' - va. arthomAM upayoga karyo che, chatAM ahIM te temanI paribhASAno nathI. ahIM to buddhaghoSa spaSTatayA kahe che ke - 'ahIM bhAvita zabdano artha, jeo cAtuyAma saMvarano 1. dIghanikAya - 3:48 //

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114 anusandhAna 44 abhyAsa kare che temanA mate che.' (tesaM sAya). ___ A sArthaka vidhAnathI e sAbita thAya che ke TIkAkAra (buddhadhoSa) cAtuyAma saMvaranA abhyAsIo sAthe samparkamAM haze, ane temanI pAsethI ja tene cothA vratano Avo artha maLyo haze. A artha vizvasanIya ja che kAraNa ke sthAnAGgasUtramA rahela bahiddhAdAna zabdano artha jevo sandigdha rahe che (arthAtte maithunaparaka - parigrahaparaka ke banne - paraka che), tevo ja sandigdha artha ahIM paNa che. kAraNa ke, indriyanA sukho eTale kAma jema strI sAthe tema bAhyavastuo sAthe paNa joDAI zake che. parantu, ahIM durbhAgye mULa pAlIsutta ke aTThakathA bemAMthI kyAMya A cAtuyAma saMvaranI abhyAsI vyakti ke paramparAno nirdeza nathI. jo ke, eka vastu to ahIM nizcita che ke bauddhoe bIjA parivrAjako ke tApasonA dehadamananA abhyAso ane cAtuyAma saMvara vacce ghaNo taphAvata joyo che, ane buddhe pote paNa A cAtuyAma saMvarane tiraskAryo ke dUSita nathI karyo, evaM uparokta saMvAdo jotAM jaNAya che. Agala buddha umere che ke - 'je tapasvI cAtuyAma saMvarane pALato AgaLa vadhe che te dhyAna(brahmavihAro)ne pAmI zake che arthAt maitrI-karuNA-muditAupekkhAne anubhavI zake che. parantu tenAthI paNa te sarvocca kakSAe pahoMcI zakato nathI, te vakSanI chAlane ja pAmI zake che tenA sArane nahi.'5 / pharI nigrodha dvArA pUchAye chate buddha kahe che ke - 'tyAMthI paNa AgaLa vadhIne te mAnasika avarodhone dUra karIne potAnA seMkaDo-hajAro pUrvabhavone jovAnI atIndriya zaktine paNa pAmI zake che. paNa te zakti paNa vRkSanI zirA sudhI pahoMcADI zake paNa teno sAra pamADI zakatI nathI.' 'tyAra pachI paNa je AgaLa vadhe te divvacakkhu abhinna tarIke oLakhAtI divya dRSTi sudhI pahoMcI zake che, ke jenAthI te vividha jIvone temanAM sArAM-narasAM karmone kAraNe vividha gatiomAM jatAM-AvatAM joI zake che.' tyAre nigrodha pUche che - 'bhagavan ! zuM tyAre te tapasvInI tapasyA A badhI vastuthI atyanta zuddha thaI jAya che ane ucca kakSAne tathA vRkSanA sArane pAmI le che ?' 1. dIghanikAya - 3:48-49 /

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115 te samaye buddha je javAba Ape che te thoDo Azcaryajanaka che. teo kahe che, 'hA nigrodha ! A rItanI tapasyA uccakakSA tathA sArane pamADe che, ' jUna 2008 'ane tethI ja nigrodha ! jyAre tuM mane pUche che ke - "tame tamArA ziSyone kyAM (kaI kakSAe) tAlIma Apo cho ? tamArA kayA ziSyo tame prarUpela sAdhudharmanA siddhAntone svIkAre che ?" tyAre huM kahuM huM ke - "te ghaNI uccakakSA che jyAM huM mArA ziSyone tAlIma ApuM chu, ane te mArA ziSyo sAdhudharmanA siddhAntono svIkAra kare che. 11 eka bauddhetara pantha para buddhe ApeluM A eka saGkSipta pramANa che, ane Azcarya to e vAtanuM che ke suttanA saGkalanakAroe paNa cAtuyAma saMvarane kSatirahita mAnI potAnA siddhAnta jevo ja gaNyo che ! vaLI, vadhAre ucca ane anuttara nirvANanA pantha vize kazuM kahyA vinA ja A sutta pUrNa thaI jAya che, te to ethI ya vadhAre vismayapreraka che. nigrodha buddhanI nindA karavAno potAno aparAdha svIkArI kSamA mAge che. tyAre buddha paNa tene kahe che ke 'je vyakti prAmANika, medhAvI ane sarala chetene huM zikSaNa tathA mArgadarzana ApIza ke jenAthI te ahIM ane atyAre ja uccadharma ane parama dhyeyane pAmI zake che.' parantu nigrodha ke tenA ziSyomAMthI koI paNa A pavitra pantha para cAlavA taiyAra nathI, kAraNa ke, buddha pote ja kahe che te 'pratyeka mUrkha manuSya mAra duSTa tattvathI AkrAnta hoya che.' ane A rIte buddha eka paNa vyaktine pratibodhyA vinA nIkaLI jAya che, ane sUtra ahIM ja pUrNa thaI jAya che, jANe ke cAtuyAma saMvarane buddhanA ardha upadeza tarIke kahIne aTakI jAya che. - Ano ukela A saMvAdanA Arambhane joie to maLI jAya che ke buddhe siMhanAdanI jema nirbhIkapaNe kahyuM che ke 'te bIjAo dvArA pUchAyela tapazcaryA viSayaka praznono uttara, potAnA siddhAntonuM varNana karyA pahelAM ja Apaze. ' buddhano A vizvAsa mAtra potAnI ucca bauddhika zakti para ja AdhArita nathI parantu pote potAnA pUrva jIvanamAM bodhisattvarUpe AvAM kaSTAnuSThAno karI anubhava meLavela che 1. dIghanikAya 3:49 /

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116 anusandhAna 44 ane te anuSThAnonI vyarthatA paNa joI che. aTThakathA cAtuyAma saMvara vizenA buddhanA AvA asAmAnya vidhAna mATe paNa Ane ja spaSTatayA kAraNa mAne che. cAtuyAma saMvara sambaddha sUtranI TIkA karatAM buddhaghoSa aTThakathAmAM kahe che ke 'bhagavAne A je kahyuM che te tIrthikonA mate kahyuM che. tIrthiko mAne che ke - lAbha ane pUjA satkAra vRkSanAM parNo jevA che, pAMca vratonuM pAlana te vRkSanA thaDa samAna che, aSTavidha dhyAnAbhyAsa te vRkSanI tvacA jevo che, pUrvabhavonuM jJAna (abhinna) vRkSanI zirAo jevuM che, divya cakSuH ne teo (tIrthiko ) arhatapaNAnuM uttama phala mAne che, tethI tenI prApti te vRkSanA sAra samAna che. 1 parantu buddhanA zAsanamAM to, lAbha tathA pUjAdi vRkSanAM parNo jevA che, niyamo vRkSanA kASTha (thaDa) jevA che, dhyAnaniSpatti te vRkSanI tvacA jevI che, pUrvajbhavonuM jJAna vRkSanI zirA jevuM che, parantu vRkSano kharo sAra to pavitra mArga ane te mArganuM phala nirvANa che. -- aTThakathAmAM cAtuyAma saMvaranuM adhyAropaNa tIrthiko para kartuM che te ghaNuM sAkUta che. sAmaJJaphalasuttamAM tIrthiko tarIke zramaNonA cha atiprasiddha sampradAyonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. ahIM je tIrthika zabdano upayoga karyo che te to niHzaGkapaNe nAtaputtanA netRtvavAlA nirgranthone uddezIne ja karyo che, kAraNa ke temanA sivAya bIjA koI tIrthikoe cAtuyAma saMvaranuM nirUpaNa kartuM nathI. niggraMtho (arthAt tIrthiko ) divyacakSuH nAmaka pUrvokta alaukika sAmarthyane arhatapaNuM mAne che evaM bauddhonuM vidhAna, vartamAnakAlIna jainonI jema, nirgranthoe pote ja avazya nakArI kADhyuM hota. ahIM, bauddho potAnA pratipakSI zramaNonuM varNana karI rahyA che ane teo temanI yaugika kSamatAone potAnA siddhAntonA prakAzamAM jovA mATe bandhAyelA che e vAtane bAju para rAkhIe to; e jo ucita thaI paDaze ke koIka jaina AgamapAThe temane AvuM vidhAna karavA preryA hoya. mane lAge che ke kalpasUtrano eka phakaro (AcArAGga sUtra 2 - 1526 nuM ja prAya: pratibimba) bhagavAna mahAvIre prApta karela arhatapaNAne varNave che. 'jyAre zramaNa mahAvIra jina thayA, arhata thayA tyAre teo kevalI thayA, 12. dIghanikAya - aTThakathA 3 : 54-57

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jUna 2008 117 sarvajJa ane sarvadarzI thayA, teoe deva-manuSya-asuralokanA sarva paryAyone jANyA tathA joyA, sarva lokamAM sarva jIvonA gati-agati-sthiti- cyavana-upapAta va. sarva bhAvone jANyA tathA joyA....' ane, kalpasUtramA ja zramaNa mahAvIrane maLela kevalajJAnane varNavavA mATe vaparAyelA 'anuttara jJAna ane dassaNa zabdo tathA mahAsAropamasutta (majjhimanikAya-29)mAM bauddhoe karelo teno artha joIe to bIjI saGgati paNa kadAca maLe che. sutta kahe che ke 'pAkhaNDIne prApta thayela ANa-dassana divyacakkhu nAmaka abhinna tulya che.' ahIM, jo ke, vRkSanA sArane pAmavAnA udAharaNamAM sutta "eka vivakSita puruSa evAM pado vApare che, chatAM, majjhimanikAya-aTThakathAmAM kartuM che ke 'tyAM ullekhela puruSa te devadatta che, jene saGghabhedanA Aropasara saGghathI bahAra karavAmAM Avyo.' sutta kahe che ke 'tevo bhikkhu ANa-dassana pAme to ya te mAtra vRkSanA tantuone ja sparzI zake che paNa tenA sArane nahi.' ANaM ca me udapAdi, dassanaM ca me udapAdi va. vAkyo buddha athavA arahA dvArA jyAre bolAya tyAre te hamezA saMsAranA antane vyakta karatA - khINA me jAti, nasthi dAni punabbhavo... va. zabdothI sambaddha adhikArothI anusarAtA hoya che. tethI majjhimanikAya aTThakathA kahe che ke - 'ahIM vartamAna sandarbhamAM (arthAt devadattanA) ANa-dassana koI lokottara prAptino nirdeza nathI karatAM parantu (pAMca laukika abhinamAMnA) eka divyacakkhu nAmaka eka abhinnano nirdeza kare che.1 jaina kalpasUtranA phakarAomAM varNavelI jIvonAM janma-maraNone jovAnI zakti tathA sarva kAMI jovA-jANavAnI zakti, bauddhonA divvacakkhu abhinna sAthe ghaj sAmya dharAve che evI avadhAraNAe bauddha TIkAkArone evaM vicAravA preryA hoya ke jaino A badhAnI prAptine ja arhatpaNAnI prAptirUpa mAnatA haze. A banne (jaina bauddha) mato vacceno virodha ghaNo prasiddha che ane sAmaJaphalasutta paranI buddhaghoSanI aTThakathAmAM tene vize ghaNuM badhuM lakhAyeluM che. chatAM, temAMthI keTalAka atiprasiddha zabdo ahIM TAMkavA asthAne nahi gaNAya. nigaMtho para TIkA karatAM buddhaghoSa kahe che ke - 'nirgrantho jo ke tIthiko arthAt 1. majjhimanikAya 2:196

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118 anusandhAna 44 pAkhaNDIo che, chatAM teornu keTaluka anuSThAnAdi bauddhamatane sammata paNa che. te chatAM paNa, teonI azuddha dRSTine kAraNe teornu samagra darzana ja mithyA che.'' chelle, ghaNA jaina AgamonA pATho sAthe sAdRzya dharAvatA AgaLa kahelA pAlI AgamanA pATho tathA tenI TIkAo-kadAca, bauddha sAdhuo tathA jaina munionA koI gaNo vaccenA vAstavika samparkane jaNAve che. meM mArA 1995nA lekhamAM jaNAvyu ja che ke - TIkAkAra dhammapAle jaina sAdhuo, je varNana karyu che te zilpomAM maLatAM varNano sAthe sammata che - te jaNAve che ke bauddho kAJcImA rahetA jainamunionA gaNone jANatA haze. vaLI, bauddha TIkAkAronA samaya sudhI paNa theravAdI bauddho, jainonA paJca mahAvratonI vAta na karatAM cAtuyAma saMvarane ja svIkAre che - te ApaNane evaM vicAravA - tarka karavA prere che ke dakSiNamAM rahela bauddhone evA jaina muniono samparka haze ke jeo tyAre paNa cAtuyAma saMvarane pALatA hoya. WARSAW INDOLOGICAL STUDIES - VOLUME 2, Essays in Jaina Philosophy and Religion Catuyama - Samvara in the Pali Canon lekhano anuvAda. anuvAda : muni kalyANakIrtivijaya Dept. of S&SE Asian Studies University of California 7303 Dwinelle Hall Bekeley, CA 94270-2540 1. dIghanikAya aTThakathA 1 : 168 / 2. Jaini, Padmanabh S. : JAIN MONKS FROM MATHURA: LITERARY EVIDENCE FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION ON KUSANA SCULPTURES.' Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies [University of LONDON] 58 (1995) 479-494.