Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prazaMsanIya prayatna kiyA hai kintu use anekazaH, apanI asahAyatA athavA naiSadha ke durdharSa AkarSaNa ke kAraNa kAvya ko saMkSepa karane ko bAdhya honA par3A hai jisase yadusundara kahIM-kahIM rUpAntara kI apekSA naiSadhacarita ke laghu saMskaraNa kA AbhAsa detA hai| yadusundara meM mathurAdhipati yadurAja samudravijaya ke anuja vasudeva tathA vidyAdhara-sundarI kanakA ke vivAha tathA vivAhottara keliyoM kA varNana hai, jo prAyaH sarvatra zrIharSa kA anugAmI hai| yadusundara abhI amudrita hai| bAraha sargoM ke isa mahattvapUrNa kAvya kI ekamAtra upalabdha hastaprati ( saMkhyA 2858, puNya), ahamadAbAda sthita lAlapata bhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratI vidyA saMsthAna meM surakSita hai| prastuta vivecana, 54 patroM ke isI patralekha para AdhArita hai| padmasundara kI eka ajJAta racanA : yadusundara -DaoN0 satyavrata kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla : gavarnameNTa kaoNleja, zrI gaMgAnagara (rAja.) ___ padmasundara una jaina sAdhuoM meM agragaNya the, jinakA mugala samrATa akabara se ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| unakI maitrI tapAgaccha ke suvijJAta AcArya tathA samrATa akabara kI puSTi padmasundara ke granthoM se bhI hotI hai| akabara ke AdhyAtmika mitra upAdhyAya padamasundara kA yadusundara- zAhi zRgAra darpaNa se spaSTa hai ki akabara kI sabhA meM mahAkAvya unakI nava prApta kRti hai| jaina sAhitya meM padmasundara ko usI prakAra pratiSThita pada prApta thA, jaise kAlidAsa, mAgha Adi prAcIna agraNI kaviyoM ke anukaraNa jayarAja bAbara ko mAnya thA aura AnandarAya ( sambhavataH para athavA unakI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM to kucha kAvyoM Anandameru ) humAyU~ ko / harSakItiracita dhAtutaraMgiNI kA nirmANa huA hai, kintu yadusundara ekamAtra aisA ke nimnokta ullekha ke anusAra padmasundara na kevala mahAkAvya hai, jisameM saMskRta-mahAkAvya-paramparA kI akabara kI sabhA meM samAdRta the, unheM jodhapura nareza mAladeva mahAnatA evaM tucchatA ke samanvita pratIka, zrIharSa ke se bhI yatheSTa sammAna prApta thA / samrATa akabara ne jo granthanaiSadhacarita ko rUpAntarita (eDepTa ) karane kA dussAdhya saMgraha AcArya hIravijaya ko bheMTa kiyA thA, vaha unheM kArya kiyA gayA hai| mahAna kRti kA rUpAntaraNa viSa tapAgacchIya padmasundara se prApta huA thaa| unake divaMgata ke samAna hai, jisase Ahata maulikatA ko pANDityapUrNa hone para vaha grantharAzi samrATa ke pAsa surakSita thii| krIr3AoM kI saMjIvanI se bhI punarjIvita nahIM kiyA jA padamasundara ke paravartI kavi deva vimalagaNi ne apane hIra sktaa| padamasundara ne zrIharSa kI dRpta bahuzratatA, kRtrima saubhAgya meM isa ghaTanA tathA ukta grantha rAzi meM sammilita bhASA tathA jaTila-durUha zailI ke kAraNa vajravat dumadya prastuta yadusundara sahita nAnA granthoM kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha naiSadhacarita kA upayogI rUpAntara prastuta karane kA kiyA hai| hIravijaya akabara se samvat 1636 meM 1 zRGgAradarpaNa, prazasti, 2 / 2 (a) hIrasaubhAgya, 14.61-62, 66 / (A) vahI, 14.66, svopajJaTIkA : kAvyAni .. kAdambarI-padmAnanda-yadusundarAdyAni / [ 73
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ phatehapura sIkarI meM mile the| padmasundara kA nidhana nizcaya chor3a kara vidyAdhara-nagarI meM zaraNa letA hai| dvitIya sarga hI isase pUrva ho cukA thaa| padmasundara kA pramANasundara meM eka haMsa, kanakA ke mahala meM Akara, 'yadukula ke gagana zAyada sambat 1632 kI racanA hai / isa AdhAra para paNDita ke sUrya' vasudeva ke guNoM kA bakhAna karatA hai / vasudeva kA nAthUrAma premI ne unakI mRtyu saM01632 tathA 1636 ke bIca citra dekhakara kanakA adhIra ho jAtI hai| haMsa usakI mAnI hai / parantu yadusundara kI praur3hatA ko dekhate hue yaha manorathapUrti kA vacana dekara ur3a jAtA hai| virahavyathita padamasundara kI antima kRti pratIta hotI hai| hIra saubhAgya kanakA ko saccidAnanda se sAndra brahma ke advata rUpa kI meM jisa mArmikatA se samrATa ke bhAvocchavAsa kA nirUpaNa taraha sarvatra vasudeva dikhAI detA hai| tatIya sarga ke kiyA gayA hai, usase bhI saMketa milatA hai ki padmasundara prArambhika 33 padyoM meM kanakA ke vipralambha kA varNana hai / kA nidhana eka-do varSa pUrva arthAt saM0 1637-38 dhanapati kuvera bAhyodyAna meM Akara vasudeva ko kanakA ke (san 1580-81) ke Asa-pAsa huA thA / yadi pAsa, usakA praNaya nivedana karane ke liye dUta bana kara jAne padmasundara kA dehAnta saM0 1637-38 meM mAnA jAe, ko prerita karatA hai| kubera ke prabhAva se vaha, adRzya rUpa to yadusundara ko samvat 1632 ( pramANa sundara kA racanA- meM, beroka antaHpura meM pahu~ca jAtA hai ( bhavatu tanuH pareravarSa) tathA 1638 ko madhyavartI kAla meM racita mAnanA lakSyA 3.72) / vahA~ vaha vAstavika rUpa meM prakaTa hokara sarvathA saMgata hogA, yadyapi kAvya meM prAnta prazasti kA kubera ke pUrvarAga kI vedanA kA hRdayaspazI varNana karatA hai abhAva hai tathA anyatra bhI isake racanAkAla kA koI sUtra aura kanakA ko usakA varaNa karane ke liye prerita karatA hastagata nahIM hotaa| hai (zrIdaM pati nanu vRNuSva 3.147) / dUta use devoM kI upAdhyAya padamasundara apanI bahamukhI vidvatA ke zakti tathA svarga ke sukhoM kA pralobhana dekara, kuvera kI kAraNa khyAta haiN| unhoMne kAvya, jyotiSa, darzana, koza, aura unmukha karane kA prayatna avazya karatA hai para kanakA sAhityazAstra Adi ke granthoM se sAhityika nidhi ko aDiga rahatI hai| dUta dhanapati ko chor3a kara sAdhAraNa samRddha banAyA hai| zRGgAra darpaNa ke atirikta unakI prAyaH puruSa ( vasudeva ) kA varaNa karane ke usake nizcaya kI anya sabhI racanAe~ aprakAzita haiN| pArzvanAtha kAvya ke bAlizatA kI kar3I bhartsanA karatA hai| usakI avicala kucha sarga 'sambodhi' meM prakAzita hue haiN| devavimala ne niSThA tathA karuNAlApa se dUta antataH dravita ho jAtA hai hIrasaubhAgya kI svopajJa TIkA meM padmasundara ke aura vaha dautya ko bhUla kara sambhamavaza apanA yathArtha mAlavarAgajinadhravapada se uddharaNa diye haiM,5 jo abhI taka paricaya de detA hai| pati ko sAkSAta dekhakara kanakA ajJAta tathA anupalabdha hai| 'lajjA ke sindhu' meM DUba gyii| vasudeva vApisa Akara kubera ko vAstavikatA se avagata karAtA hai| caturtha sarga kathAnaka meM devatA, vibhinna dvIpoM ke adhipati aura pRthvI ke dRpta yadusundara kI kathAvastu yaduvaMzIya vasudeva tathA evaM pratApI zAsaka, kanakA ke svayaMbara meM Ate haiM / kuvera vidyAdhara rAjakumArI kanakA ke vivAha tathA vivAho- kI aMgUThI pahanane se vasudeva bhI kubera ke samAna pratIta parAnta krIr3AoM ke durbala AdhAratantu para avalambita hai| hone lagatA hai aura sabhA ko do kuberoM kA bhrama ho jAtA paurAMganAoM ke prati apane ucchakhala AcaraNa ke kAraNa, hai| sarga ke zeSa bhAga tathA paMcama sarga meM vetradhAriNI dasa agraja samudravijaya kI bhartsanA se ruSTa hokara vasudeva deza Agantuka rAjAoM kA kramika paricaya detI hai| chaThe sarga 3 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 366 / 4 sambodhi, 1011-4 / 5 hIrasaubhAgya, 11.135, TIkA : 'jinavacana paddhatirukti caMgima mAlinI' iti padmasundara kRta mAlavarAga jindhruvpde| 74 ]
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ meM vAstavika kubera tathA kuvera rUpadhArI vasudeva kA varNana padmasundara ko prApta zrIharSa kA dAya : yadusundara tathA hai| rUpasAmya ke kAraNa kanakA ulajhana meM par3a jAtI naiSadha carita : hai / aMgUThI utArane se vasudeva kA yathArtha rUpa prakaTa ho naiSadha carita kI pANDityapUrNa jaTilatA tathA zailI jAtA hai| kanakA mAlA pahanAkara usakA varaNa karatI kI kliSTatA ke kAraNa uttaravatI kavi usakI ora usa hai| saptama sarga meM kramazaH kanakA tathA vasudeva kI vivAha taraha pravRtta nahIM hue, jese unhoMne kAlidAsa athavA mAgha pUrva sajjA kA varNana hai / kanakA kA pANigrahaNa, vivAhottara __ ke dAya ko grahaNa kiyA hai| padmasundara naiSadha carita bhoja tathA navavadhU kI vidAI aSTama saga kA viSaya hai| ke gaNoM (2) para mugdha the para usakA vizAla AkAra unake SaDRtu varNana para AdhArita navam sarga citrakAvya ke / liye dussAdhya thaa| ataH unhoMne yadusundara meM naiSadha kA camatkAra se paripUrNa hai| dasaveM sarga meM ariSTapura kii| alpAkAra saMskaraNa prastuta karane kA gambhIra udyoga kiyA rAjakumArI rohiNI svayaMvara meM anya rAjAoM ko chor3a hai| kathAnaka kI parikalpanA aura viniyoga meM padmasundara kara, vidyAbala se pracchanna vasudeva kA varaNa karatI hai jisase zrIharSa ke itane RNI haiM ki yadusundara ko, mitra pAtroM se unameM yuddha Thana jAtA hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM navadampati ke / yukta naiSadha kI praticchAyA kahanA anucita na hogaa| mathurA meM Agamana tathA sambhoga krIr3A kA varNana hai| bArahaveM sarga meM sandhyA, candrodaya tathA prabhAta ke paramparA- yadusundara ke prathama sarga meM yaduvaMza kI rAjadhAnI mathurA gata varNana ke sAtha kAvya samApta ho jAtA hai / kA varNana naiSadha carita ke dvitIya sarga meM vidarbha kI rAjayadusundara kI racanA yadyapi neSadha kA saMkSipta rUpAntara dhAnI kaNDinapura ke varNana se prerita hai| zrIharSa ne nagarakarane ke liye kI gayI hai tathApi ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana varNana ke dvArA kAvyazAstrI niyamoM ko udAhRta kiyA hai, meM padamasandara apanI sImAoM aura uddezya donoM ko bhUla matharA ke sAmAnya varNana meM usakI svarga se zreSThatA pramAgaye haiN| unakI dRSTi meM svayaMvara kAvya kI sabase Nita karane kI pravRtti lakSita hotI hai| dvitIya sarga meM mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| kAvya ke cauthAI bhAga ko svayaMvara- naiSadha ke do sau~ (3,7) ko rUpAntarita kiyA gayA varNana para kSaya karane kA yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai| hai| kanakA kA saundarya citraNa spaSTataH damayantI ke nakhanissandeha yaha usake Adarzabhata neSadha carita ke atyadhika zikha vaNana (saptama sage ) para AdhArita tathA usase atyaprabhAva kA phala hai| pAMca sargoM kA svayaMvara varNana (10. dhika prabhAvita hai| zrIharSa kI bhA~ti padmasundara ne bhI 14) naiSadha ke virATa kalevara meM phira bhI kisI prakAra rAjakumArI ke vibhinna aMgoM kA ekAdhika padyoM meM varNana khapa jAtA hai| yadusundara meM, cAra sargoM meM (4-6, 10), karane kI paddhati grahaNa kI hai parantu usakA varNana saMkSipta svayaMvara kA anapAtahIna varNana kavi kI kathAvimukhatA tathA kramabhaMga se dUSita hai, hAlAMki yaha naiSadha kI zabdAkI parAkASThA hai| antima sarga ko navadampati kI kAma- valI se bharapUra hai| sarga ke uttarArddha meM haMsa kA dautya keliyoM kA uddIpaka bhI mAna liyA jAe, naveM sarga kA naiSadha ke tRtIya sarga ke samAnAntara prasaMga kA anugAmI Rtu varNana kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM kI khAnApUrti ke liye hai| donoM kAvyoM meM haMsa ko, nAyikA ko nAyaka ke kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| dasaveM sarga meM rohiNI ke prati anurakta karane kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA sauMpI gayI hai svayaMvara kA citraNa sarvathA anAvazyaka hai| yaha vasudeva ke jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apane premI ke sAnnidhya ke liye raNazaurya ko ujAgara karane kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai jo adhIra ho jAtI hai| donoM kAvya meM haMsoM ke tarka samAna mahAkAvya ke nAyaka ke liye Avazyaka hai| ye sabhI sarga haiM tathA ve antataH nAyakoM ko dautya kI saphalatA se avakathAnaka ke svAbhAvika avayava na hokara balAta cipakAye gata karate haiN| tRtIya sarga meM padmasundara ne naiSadha carita gaye pratIta hote haiN| inhoMne kAvya kA AdhA bhAga har3apa ke pUre pA~ca vizAlakAya sargoM ko saMkSipta karane kA ghanaliyA hai / yadusundara kA mUla kathAnaka zeSa chaH sargoM taka ghora parizrama kiyA hai| kanakA ke pUrvarAga ke citraNa para sImita hai| damayantI ke vipralambha-varNana (caturtha sarga) kA itanA [ 75
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ gaharA prabhAva hai ki isameM zrIharSa ke bhAvoM kI, lagabhaga yahI hai-na kAmavRttirvacanIyamIkSate ( kumAra 5.82) / usI kI zabdAvalI meM, AvRtti karake santoSa kara liyA kAlidAsa ke umA-baTu-saMvAda meM manovaijJAnika mArmikatA gayA hai| zrIharSa ne kAvyAcAryoM dvArA nirdhArita vibhinna hai| zrIharSa aura padmasundara isa komala prasaMga meM bhI zArIrika tathA manovaijJAnika viraha dazAoM ko isa prasaMga citra kAvya ke gorakha dhandhe meM phaMse rahate haiN| unheM rotI meM udAhRta kiyA hai| padmasundara kA varNana isa pravRtti huI damayantI tathA kanakA aisI dikhAI detI haiM, jaise ve se mukta hai tathA kevala 47 padyoM taka sImita hai| dUtakama AMsU girA kara kramazaH 'saMsAra' kA 'sasAra' tathA 'dAMta' svIkAra karane se pUrva vasudeva ko vahI AzaMkAe~ mathita ko 'dAta' banAtI huI binducyutaka kAvya kI racanA kara karatI haiM ( 3.57-70) jinase nala pIr3ita hai ( naiSadha rahI hoN| 5.66-137) / dUta kA mahala meM, adRzya rUpa meM praveza tathA vahA~ usakA AcaraNa donoM kAvyoM meM samAna rUpa se padamasundara ke svayaMvara-varNana para naiSadha kA prabhAva varNita hai|6 zrIharSa ne chaThe sarga kA adhikatara bhAga spaSTa hai| zrIharSa kA svayaMvara-varNana alaukikatA kI damayantI ke sabhAgRha, dUtI kI uktiyoM tathA damayantI ke partoM meM dabA huA hai| usameM pRthvItala ke zAsakoM ke samartha pratyuttara ( 6.58-110) para vyaya kara diyA hai ; atirikta devoM, nAgoM, yakSoM, gandhoM Adi kA vizAla padma sundara ne samAna prabhAva tathA adhika spaSTatA ke sAtha jamaghaTa hai, jisakA zrIharSa ne pUre pAMca sargoM meM (10-14) use mAtra caubIsa padyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| agale 47 jamakara varNana kiyA hai| yadusundara kA varNana bhI isake padyoM se veSTita tRtIya sarga kA aMza naiSadha ke AThaveM sarga samAna hI kathAnaka ke pravAha meM durladhya avarodha paidA karatA kA pratirUpa hai| kubera ke pUrvarAga kA varNana (3.122- hai| padmasundara ne naiSadha meM varNita bAraha rAjAoM meM 41) naiSadha carita ke AThaveM sarga meM dikpAloM kI viraha se dasa ko yathAvat grahaNa kiyA hai, para vaha naiSadha kI bhAMti vedanA kI pratidhvani mAtra hai (8.64-108) / antima atimAnavIya karma nahIM hai yadyapi usameM bhI devoM, gandharvo sATha padya neSadha carita ke navam sarga kA laghu saMskaraNa Adi kA nirdhAnta saMketa milatA hai| varNana kI laukika prastuta karate haiN| unameM viSayavastu kI bhinnatA nahIM hai prakRti ke anurUpa padmasundara ne abhyAgata rAjAoM kA aura bhASA tathA zelI meM paryApta sAmya hai| dUta kA apanA paricaya dene kA kArya kanakA kI sakhI ko sauMpA hai, jo bheda surakSita rakhane kA prayatna, nAyikA kA usakA nAma- kAlidAsa kI sunandA ke adhika nikaTa hai| dhAma jAnane kA Agraha tathA dUta ke prastAvakA pratyAkhyAna, raghuvaMza ke chaThe sarga ke indumatI svayaMvara kI sajIvatA ko nAyikA ke karuNa vilApa se dravita hokara dUta kA Atma-vikRta banAkara use eka rUr3hi kA rUpa de diyA hai| paricaya denA-ye samUcI ghaTanAe~ donoM kAvyoM meM paDhI sAtaveM sarga meM vara-vadhU kA vivAha-pUrva AhArya prasAdhana jA sakatI haiN| zrIharSa ko isa saMvAda kI preraNA kumAra- naiSadha ke pandrahaveM sarga kA, bhAva tathA ghaTanAkrama meM itanA sambhava ke paMcama sarga se milI hogii| vahA~ bhI ziva veSa RNI hai ki use zrIharSa ke prAsaMgika varNana kI pratimUrti badala kara Ate haiM aura anta meM apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa mAnA jA sakatA hai| kahanA na hogA, naiSadha kA yaha karate haiN| naiSadha carita tathA yadusundara meM damayantI aura varNana svayaM kumArasambhava ke saptam sarga para AdhArita hai, kanakA dUta kI uktiyoM kA muMhator3a javAba detI haiM jahA~ isI prakAra vara-vadhu ko sajAyA jA rahA hai| vivAhajabaki pArvatI ke pAsa bahu ke tarkoM kA samartha uttara kevala saMskAra tathA vivAhottara sahabhoja ke varNana ( aSTam sarga) 6 yadusundara, 3.72-114; naiSadhacarita, 6.8-44 / * yadusundara, 3.150-157 ; naiSadha carita, 6.27-32 / 8 saMsAramAtmanA tanoSi saMsAramasaMzayaM yataH / neSadha0, 6.104 / tadvinducyutakamazrapAtAnmAM dAMtameva kimu dAtamalaM krossi| yadusundara, 3.160 / 76 ]
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ meM padmasundara ne apane zabdoM meM naiSadha ke solahaveM sarga kI AvRtti mAtra kara dI hai| naiSadha ke samAna isameM bhI bArAtiyoM aura pariveSikAoM kA hAsa-parihAsa bahudhA amaryAdita hai / kheda hai, padmasundara ne apanI pavitratAvAdI vRtti ko bhUlakara ina azlIlatAoM ko bhI kAvya meM sthAna diyA hai| agale do sarga naiSadha se svatantra haiM / antima do sarga, jinameM kramazaH ratikrIr3A aura sandhyA, candrodaya Adi ke varNana haiM, naiSadha ke atyadhika RNI haiN| kAlidAsa, kumAradAsa tathA zrIharSa ke atirikta padma sundara hI aisA kavi hai jisane vara-vadhU ke prathama samAgama kA varNana kiyA hai| svayaM zrIharSa kA varNana ke aSTam sa se prabhAvita hai / zrIharSa ne bhAvoM ko hI nahIM, rathoddhatA chanda ko bhI grahaNa kiyA hai / yadusundara ke gyArahaveM sarga meM bhI yahI chanda prayukta hai / bArahaveM sarga kA candrodaya Adi kA varNana, naiSadha kI taraha ( sarga 21 ) navadampatI kI sambhogakeliyoM ke liye samucita vAtAvaraNa nirmita karatA hai| isameM zrIharSa ke bhAvoM tathA zabdAvalI kI kamI nahIM hai / vastutaH kAvya meM maulikatA ke nAma para bhASA hai, yadyapi usameM bhI zrIharSa kI bhASA kA gaharA puTa hai / kumArasambhava kAlidAsa ke padmasundara kI kAvya pratibhA : naiSadhacarita ke isa sarvavyApI prabhAva ke kAraNa padmasundara ko maulikatA kA zreya denA usake prati anyAya hogA / yadusundara meM jo kucha hai, vaha prAyaH saba zrIharSa kI pU~jI hai| phira bhI ise sAmAnyataH padmasundara kI 'maulika' racanA mAnakara kavi kI kAvya pratibhA kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai / 10 padmasundara ke pArzvanAtha kAvya meM pracAravAdI svara mukhara haiM para yadusundara meM kavi kA jo bimba ubharatA hai, vaha camatkAravAdI AlaMkArika kA bimba hai / yaha spaSTataH naiSadha ke atizaya prabhAva kA pariNAma hai / padmasundara kA uddezya grantha granthi se kAvya ko jaTila banAnA nahIM hai, parantu usakA kAvya naiSadha kI mUlavRtti tathA kAvya rUr3hiyoM se zUnya nahIM hai / padmasundara ko zrIharSa kI taraha 'gArakalA kA kavi mAnanA to ucita nahIM hai, na hI vaha kAmazAstra kA adhyayana karane ke bAda kAvya racanA meM pravRtta huA hai para jisa muktatA se usane vivAhottara bhoja meM bArAtiyoM ke hAsa-parihAsa aura navadampatI kI rati keli kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha usakI rati vizAradatA kA nizcita saMketa hai / kanakA kA nakhazikha varNana ( 2.1 - 47 ) bhI usakI kAmazAstra meM pravINatA ko bimbita karatA hai / aSTam sarga kA jyaunAra - varNana to khullamakhullA maryAdA kA ullaMghana hai / usake antargata bArAtiyoM aura pariveSikAoM kI kucha ceSTAe~ bahuta phUhar3a aura azlIla haiM / zrIharSa ke samAna ina azlIla - tAoM ko padmasundara kI vilAsitA kA dyotaka mAnanA to zAyada ucita nahIM para yaha usakI pavitratAvAdI dhArmika vRtti para karArA vyaMgya hai, isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / 9 vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye merA nibandha 'Yadusundara: A Unique Adaptation of Naisadhacarita', VIJ ( Hoshiarpur ), xx. 103-123. AdarzabhUta naiSadhacarita kI bhA~ti yadusundara kA aMgIrasa zRMgAra hai / padmasundara ko navarasoM kA paramparAgata vidhAna mAnya hai ( navarasanilayaiH ko nu sauhityameti 283 ) para vaha zRMgAra kI sarvoccatA para mugdha hai / usakI paribhASA meM zRMgAra kI tulanA meM anya rasa tuccha haiM ( anya rasAtizAyI zrRMgAra 6.53 ) / zAnta anyaH sphuTa sphaTika catvara saMsthitAyAstanvyA varAMgamanubimbitamokSamANaH / sAmAjikeSu nayanAMcala sUcanena sAMhAsinaM sphuTamacIkaradaccha hAsaH // yadu0, 8.37 vRttaM nidhAya nijabhojane'sau sanmodakadvayamatIva puraH sthitAyAH / saMghAya vakSasi dRzaM karamardanAni cakre trapAnatamukhI sumukhI babhUva // vahI, 8.52 prArthayannikRta eSa vilAsavatyA tatsuMmukhaM viTapatiH sa bhuji kriyAyAm / kSiptvAMgulIH svavadane nanu mArjitAnalehApadezata iyaM parito'nunItA // vahI, 854 [77
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rasa ko to usane jar3atA kA janaka mAna kara usakI khillI hai| para padamasundara ne 'bhUbhUta' ko samasta pada meM DAla ur3AyI hai (zAntarasaikamandadhI 4.41) / yadusundara meM kara kalpanA ke saundarya aura kAvyAtmaka prabhAva ko naSTa yadyapi zRgAra ke donoM pakSoM kA vyApaka citraNa milatA hai kara diyA hai| ataH mula kI bhA~ti yaha nAyikA kI kintu kathAnaka kI prakRti ke anurUpa isameM vipralambha ko vyathA kI vyaMjanA nahIM karA sktii| adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| tRtIya sarga meM kanakA aura kubera ke pUrvarAga kA varNana hai, jo naiSadha ke kramazaH caturtha tanutanuruha javyadhato vyathA bhavati tatra vilAsavatIhRdi / . yadujabhUbhadasau sthitimAzrayadyaduta bAdhata eva kimadabhutam / / tathA aSTam sarga kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| nirAza kanakA kI vipralambhoktiyA~ bhI isI sarga meM samAhita haiN| parantu kavi ne zrIharSa ke padacihnoM para calakara, apane nimnokta padya kanakA ke viraha kI tIvratA ko adhika viprayoga-nirUpaNa para kalpanA-zIlatA kI itanI moTI parte prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta karatA hai| vaha hRdaya meM dhadhakatI car3hA dI haiM ki vipralambha kI vedanA kA AbhAsa taka nahIM jvAlA ko zAnta karane ke liye vakSa para sarasa kamala rakhanA hotaa| samUcA vipralambha-varNana ahoktiyoM kA saMkalana- cAhatI hai para vaha kamala usake aMgoM kA sparza kare, isake sA pratIta hotA hai| aise komala prasaMgoM meM kAlidAsa pUrva hI usakI garma AhoM se jalakara bIca meM hI rAkha tIva bhAvodreka karatA hai para padamasundara saMvedanA se zUnya ho jAtA hai| kalpanA sacamuca bahuta manorama hai| pratIta hotA hai| usapara apanI nAyikA kI virahavedanA virahadAhazamAya gRhANa nijakaraNa saroja murojayoH / kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| use rotI kanakA A~sU drutamapi zvasitoSmasamIraNAdajani mummura ityajahAttataH // girA kara 'dAnta' ko 'dAta' banAtI tathA prema kAvya kI racanA karatI pratIta hotI hai (3.160, 174) / 3.21 nissandeha yaha neSadha kA rUpAntara kI vivazatA kA pariNAma yaha asahAyatA kI parAkASThA hai| kahanA na hogA, hai para ina kliSTa kalpanAoM aura hathakaNDoM ke kAraNa hI yaha kalpanA bhI neSadha caritra se lI gayI hai| 12 usakA vipralambha citraNa niSprANa tathA prabhAvazUnya banA hai| yadasandara ke gyArahaveM sarga meM sambhoga zugAra kA usameM sahRdaya bhAvuka ke mAnasa ko chUne kI kSamatA nahIM hai, madhura citraNa hai| yadyapi yaha varNana kAlidAsa tathA zrIharSa bhale hI kanakA krandana karatI rahe yA apane bhAgya ko ke prAsaMgika varNanoM se prerita hai, para isameM unhIM kI bhA~ti gavAnI perita hai. para dama randrI: kosatI rhe| vara-vadhU ke prathama samAgama kA manovaijJAnika nirUpaNa kiyA - kacha kalpanAe~ avazya hI anaThI haiN| yadi zarIra meM gayA hai| lajIlI navavadhU samaya bItane ke sAtha-sAtha choTA-sA bAla bhI cabha jAe, usase bhI pIDA hotI hai| kese anukUla banatI jAtI hai, padmasundara ne isakA hRdayakanakA ko vedanA kA anumAna karanA kaThina hai kyoMki grAhI aMkana kiyA hai| bhAvasandhi kA yaha citra navoDhA usake komala hRdaya meM choTA-moTA bAla nahIM, vizAlakAya ke lajjA tathA kAma ke dvandva kI sazakta abhivyakti hai| pahAr3a (bhUbhRta-rAjAvasudeva) ghusa gayA hai| isa sthAtumenamanirIkSya nAdadAtsubhR vo ratipatinaM ca trapA / kalpanA kA sArA saundarya zleSa para AdhArita hai| padma- vIkSituM varayitaryanArataM tadRzau vidadhatugatAgatam // sundara kI yaha kalpanA neSadha ke eka padya kI praticchAyA 11 nivizate yadi zakazikhA pade sRjati sA kiyatImiva na vyathAm / mRdutanorvitanotu kathaM na tAmavanibhRta pravizya hRdi sthitaH / / naiSadha0, 4.11 12 smarahutAzanadIpitayA tathA bahu muhuH sarasaM sarasIruham / zrayitumardhapaye kRtamantarA vasitanirmitamarmaramujjhitam // vahI, 4.26 78 ]
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yadusundara meM vIra rasa kI bhI kaI sthaloM para niSpatti huii| dasaveM sarga kA yuddhavarNana do kaur3I kA hai / yaha vIrarasacitraNa meM kavi kI kuzalatA kI apekSA usake citrakAvya meM prema ko adhika vyakta karatA hai / vaise bhI isa varNana meM vIra rasa ke nAma para vIra rasAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai jo taba taka sAhitya meM gaharI jama cukI thI / caturtha tathA paMcama sarga meM abhyAgata rAjAoM ke parAkrama ke varNana meM vIra rasa ke kucha citra sundara tathA prabhAvazAlI haiN| ve bahudhA zrIharSa ke varNanoM para AdhArita haiN| zrIharSa kI taraha padmasundara kA vIra rasa darabArI kaviyoM kA 'Tipikala vIra rasa' hai, jisameM atizayokti aura zabdachaTA kA ADambara dikhAI detA hai / sAketa nareza kI vIratA ke varNana vAle isa padya meM vIra rasa kI yahI pravRtti milatI hai / etaddordaNDa caNDadyutikaranikara trAsitA rAtirAja stasyau yAvadvizaMko drumakusumalatA kuMja puMje nilIya / vIkSyaitannAmadheyAMkita nizitazaradhvasta paMcAnanAsyo tAzakaM karakaM vrajatu vivazadhIH kAM dizaM kAMdizIkaH // 4.62 padmasundara kI prakRti naiSadha kI taraha, viyoga athavA saMyoga kI uddIpanagata prakRti hai / tRtIya sarga kA upavanavarNana ( 35-44 ), jo naiSadha ke prathama sarga ke upavana - citraNa ( 76-116 ) kA samAnAntara hai, vasudeva kI virahavedanA ko bhar3akAtA hai| naveM tathA bArahaveM sarga ke prakRti-varNana saMyoga ke uddIpana kA kAma dete haiM / ye kramazaH vasudeva tathA rohiNI aura kanakA kI sambhoga krIr3AoM ke liye samucita pRSThabhUmi nirmita karate haiM / naveM sarga meM RtuvarNana ke dvArA zAstrIya niyamoM kI khAnApUrti karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| citrakAvya para samUcA dhyAna kendrita hone ke kAraNa padmasundara yahA~ prakRti kA bimbacitra prastuta karane meM saphala nahIM hue haiM 1 upajIvya naiSadha ke samAna yadusundara ke bArahaveM sarga 13 naiSadha0, 22-13 ; yadusundara, 12 8 / 14 naiSadha0, 22 32 ; yadusundara, 12-15 / 15 yadusundara 12-74 | kA prakRti-varNana dUrArUr3ha kalpanAoM aura aprastutoM ke durvaha bojha se AkrAnta hai / zrIharSa ke kAvya meM pANDityapUrNa ur3Ana kI kamI nahIM hai para unnIsaveM aura bIsaveM sargoM meM vaha saba sImAoM ko lAMgha gayA | ina varNanoM meM usane aisI vikaTa kalpanAe~ kI haiM, jo varNya viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI apekSA use dhUmila kara detI haiM / yadusundara meM una sabako Aropita karanA sambhava nahIM thA, phira bhI padmasundara ne zrIharSa ke aprastutoM ko udAratA se grahaNa kiyA hai / sandhyA ke samaya lAlimA dhIre-dhIre miTatI jAtI hai aura tAre AkAza meM chiTaka jAte haiM, isa dRzya ke citraNa meM padmasundara ne zrIharSa ke kaI bhAvoM kI AvRtti kI hai| usane pahale rUpaka ke dvArA isakA varNana kiyA / sandhyA rUpI siMhI ne dina ke hAthI ko apane nakhoM se phAr3a diyA hai / usakI vizAla kAyA se bahatA rakta, sAndhya rAga ke rUpa meM, AkAza meM phaila gayA hai aura usake vidIrNa mastaka se jharate motI tAre banakara chiTaka gaye haiM ( 12.6 ) | zrIharSa ne AkAza ko mUrkha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jisane sUrya kA svarNapiNDa beca kara badale meM, kaur3iyA~ kharIda lI haiM / padmasundara ne isake viparIta astAcala ko vyavahAra kuzala kretA kA rUpa diyA hai / usane sandhyA kI Aga meM zuddha sUrya rUpI svarNapiNDa hathiyA liyA hai aura usake badale meM AkAza ko nirarthaka kaur3iyA~ ( tAreM ) beca dI hai / 13 sUrya ke asta hone para cAroM ora aMdherA girane lagA hai / kavi kI kalpanA hai ki kAjala banAne ke liye sUrya rUpI dIpaka para AkAza kA sikorA auMdhA rakhA gayA thaa| kAjala itanA bhArI ho gayA hai ki vaha vizAla sikorA bhI usake bhAra se daba kara nIce gira gayA hai| usane dIpaka ko bujhA diyA hai| aura vaha kAjala andhakAra bana kara cAroM tarapha bikhara gayA hai / 14 zrIharSa ke anukaraNa para padmasundara ne sUrya ko bAz2a kA rUpa dekara santulana kI saba sImAoM ko lAMgha diyA hai / 15 ina kliSTa kalpanAoM ne padmasundara ke prakRtivarNana ko UhAtmaka banA diyA hai / [
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pahale saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki padmasundara kI bhASA hai| isameM kevala eka vyaMjana-ka ke AdhAra para racanA para bhI zrIharSa kA gaharA prabhAva hai| jahA~ usane upajIvya ke dvArA kavi ne apanA pANDitya baghArA hai / kAvya kA svatantra rUpAntara kiyA hai, vahA~ usakI bhASA, kuH kAM kakaMka kaikA kikAkaku kaikikA / usake pArzvanAtha kAvya kI taraha, vizada tathA sarala hai; kAM kAM kakakakA kAka kakAkuH kaMkakA kakA / 10.44 parantu jahA~ use neSadha kA, lagabhaga usI kI padAvalI meM padmasundara kI bhASA meM samAsa-bAhulya kI kamI nahIM punarAkhyAna karane ko vivaza honA par3A hai, vahA~ usakI bhASA meM praur3hatA kA samAveza honA svAbhAvika thA / hai para usakI saralatA ko dekhate hue use vedI-pradhAna kahanA ucita hogaa| vaidI kI subodhatA padmasundara sAmAnyataH yadusundara kI bhASA ko subodha kahA kI bhASA kI vizeSatA hai| apanI kliSTatA ke bAvajUda jAegA para kAvya meM naiSadha ke prabhAva se mukta do sthala neSadha kI bhASA padalAlitya se itanI vibhUSita hai ki aise haiM, jinameM padmasundara apane uddezya se bhaTaka kara, 'naiSadhe padalAlityam' ukti sAhitya meM zrIharSa ke bhASAcitrakAvya meM apanA racanA-kauzala pradarzita karane ke phera guNa kI paricAyaka bana gyii| yadusundara ke adhikatara meM phaMsa gaye haiN| ina sargoM meM yadusundara kA kartA spaSTataH padyoM meM padalAlitya milegA, jo usakI bhASA ko nayI mAgha ke AkarSaNa se abhibhUta hai, jisane isI prakAra AbhA pradAna karatA hai| padalAlitya anuprAsa para AdhArita RtuoM tathA yuddha ke varNanoM ko bauddhika vyAyAma kA hai jisakA kAvya meM vyApaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai / akhAr3A banAyA hai| padmasundara kA SaDa RtuvarNanavAlA naiSadhacarita vakrokti-pradhAna kAvya hai| yadusundara bhI navA~ sarga Adyanta yamaka se bharapUra hai| isameM pada, pAda, naiSadha kI isa vizeSatA se aprabhAvita nahIM hai| utprekSA, arddha tathA mahAyamaka Adi yamakabhedoM ke atirikta kavi apaha nuti, atizayokti, samAsokti kA svatantra athavA ne anuloma-pratiloma, SoDazadala kamala, gomUtrikA bandha mizrita prayoga yadusundara kI vakrokti kA AdhAra hai / Adi sAhityika hathakaNDoM para hAtha calAyA hai| sApahnavotprekSA tathA sApahnavAtizayokti ke prati padmasundara zizupAlavadha kI taraha padmasundara kA yuddhavarNana eka kA prema naiSadha se prerita hai| aprastuta prazaMsA, . vyaMjanAtmaka, yakSarAtmaka tathA varNa, mAtrA, binducyutaka arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, paryAyokta Adi vakrokti ke Adi citrakAvya se jaTila tathA bojhila hai, yadyapi Rtu poSaka anya alaMkAra haiM, jisakA padmasundara ne rucipUrvaka varNana kI apekSA isakI mAtrA yahA~ kama hai| inase kavi ke prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM prayukta upamAe~ kavi kI pANDilya kA saMketa avazya milatA hai para ye kAvya kI kuzalatA kI paricAyaka hai / padmasundara ne anya alaMkAroM grAhyatA meM bAdhaka haiM, isameM sandeha nhiiN| nimnAMkita ke saMkara ke rUpa meM bhI upamA kA prayoga kiyA hai| mahAyamaka se kavi ke yamaka kI karAlatA kA anumAna kiyA isa prakAra yadusundara kA samUcA mahattva isa tathya meM jA sakatA hai| nihita hai ki isameM navIna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se naiSadha carita sAraM gatA taralatArataraMgasArA kA saMkSipta rUpAntara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| maulikatA sAraMgatA taralatAra trNgsaaraa| ke abhAva ke kAraNa yadusundara khyAti prApta nahIM kara sAraMgatA taralatAra taraMgasArA skaa| sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki isakI kevala eka sAraMgatA taralatAra taraMgasArA / / 6.26 hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai| phira bhI yadusundara tathA neSadha carita kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA atIva rocaka citrakAvya kA vikaTatama rUpa prastuta padya meM milatA tathA upayogI hai| 80 ]