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________________ naya-vicAra nayakA lakSaNa adhigamake upAyoMmeM pramANake sAtha nayakA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / pramANa vastuke pUrNarUpako grahaNa karatA hai aura naya pramANake dvArA gRhIta vastuke eka aMzako jAnatA hai / jJAtAkA vaha abhiprAyavizeSa naya' hai jo pramANake dvArA jAnI gayI vastuke ekadezako sparza karatA hai / vastu anantadharmavAlI hai| pramANajJAna use samagrabhAvase grahaNa karatA hai, usameM aMzavibhAjana karanekI ora usakA lakSya nahIM hotaa| jaise 'yaha ghar3A hai' ina jJAnameM pramANa ghar3eko akhaMDa bhAvase usake rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi ananta guNadharmoMkA vibhAga na karake pUrNarUpameM jAnatA hai, jaba ki koI bhI naya usakA vibhAjana karake 'rUpavAn ghaTaH', 'rasavAn ghaTaH' Adi rUpameM use apane-apane abhiprAyake anusAra jAnatA hai / eka bAta dhyAnameM rakhane kI hai ki pramANa aura naya jJAnakI hI vRttiyA~ haiM, donoM jJAnAtmaka paryAya haiN| jaba jJAtAkI sakalake grahaNakI dRSTi hotI hai taba usakA jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura jaba usI pramANase gRhIta vastuko khaMDazaH grahaNa karanekA abhiprAya hotA hai taba vaha aMzagrAhI abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai / pramANajJAna nayakI utpatti ke liye bhUmi taiyAra karatA hai| yadyapi chadmasthoMke sabhI jJAna vastuke pUrNarUpako nahIM jAna pAte, phira bhI jitaneko vaha jAnate haiM unameM bhI unakI yadi samagrake grahaNakI dRSTi hai to ve sakalagrAhI jJAna pramANa haiM aura aMzagrAhI vikalpajJAna naya / 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' yaha jJAna bhI yadi rUpamukhena samasta ghaTakA jJAna akhaMDabhAvase karatA hai to pramANako hI sImAmeM pahu~catA hai aura ghaTake rUpa, rasa AdikA vibhAjana kara yadi ghar3eke rUpako mukhyatayA jAnatA hai to vaha naya kahalAtA hai| pramANake jAnanekA krama ekadezake dvArA bhI samagrakI tarapha hI hai, jaba ki naya samagravastako vibhAjita kara usake aMza vizeSakI ora hI jhakatA hai| pramANa cakSake dvArA rUpako dekhakara bhI usa dvArase pUre ghar3eko AtmasAt karatA hai aura naya usa ghar3ekA vizleSaNakara usake rUpa Adi aMzoMke jAnanekI ora pravRtta hotA hai ? isIliye pramANako sakalAdezI aura nayako vikalAdezI kahA hai / pramANake dvArA jAnI gaI vastuko zabdakI taraMgoMse abhivyakta karaneke liye jo jJAnakI rujhAna hotI hai vaha naya hai| naya pramANakA ekadeza hai . 'naya pramANa hai yA apramANa ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna 'hA~' aura 'nahIM' meM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jaise ki ghar3e meM bhare hue samudra ke jalako na to samudra kaha sakate haiM aura na asamudra ho / naya pramANase utpanna hotA hai, ataH pramANAtmaka hokara bhI aMzagrAhI honeke kAraNa pUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, aura apramANa to vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA / ataH jaise ghar3ekA jala samudraka deza hai asamudra nahIM, usI taraha naya bhI pramANakadeza hai, apramANa nahIM / nayake dvArA grahaNa kI jAnevAlI vastu bhI na to pUrNa vastu kahI jA sakatI hai aura na avastu; kintu vaha 'vastvekadeza' hI ho sakatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki pramANasAgarakA vaha aMza naya hai jise 1. 'nayo jJAturabhiprAyaH |'-lgho0 zlo0 55 / 'jJAtRNAmabhisandhayaH khalu nayAH |'-siddhivi0, TI0, pR0 517 / 2. 'nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / nAsamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo yathocyate ||'-t0 zlo0 116 / nayavivaraNa zlo0 6 /
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 313 jJAtAne apane abhiprAyake pAtrameM bhara liyA hai| usakA utpanisthAna samudra hI hai para usameM vaha vizAlatA aura samagratA nahIM haiM jisase usameM saba samA skeN| choTe-bar3e pAtra apanI maryAdAke anusAra hI to jala grahaNa karate hai / pramANako raMgazAlAmeM naya aneka rUpoM aura vezoM meM apanA nATaka racatA hai| sunaya, durnaya yadyapi anekAntAtmaka vastake eka-eka anta arthAt dharmoko viSaya karanevAle abhiprAyavizeSa pramANakI hI santAna haiM, para inameM yadi sumela, paraspara prIti aura apekSA hai to hI ve sunaya haiM, anyathA durnaya / sunaya anekAntAtmaka vastuke amuka aMzako mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMkA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA; unako ora taTasthabhAva rakhatA hai / jaise bApakI jAyadAdameM sabhI santAnoMkA samAna haka hotA hai aura sapUta vahI kahA jAtA hai jo apane anya bhAiyoMke hakako ImAnadArIse svIkAra karatA hai, unake har3apanekI ceSTA kabhI bhI nahIM karatA, kintu sadbhAva hI utpanna karatA hai, usI taraha anantadharmA vastumeM sabhI nayoMkA samAna adhikAra hai aura sunaya vahI kahA jAyagA jo apane aMzako mukhya rUpase grahaNa karake bhI anyake aMzoMko gauNa to kare para unakA nirAkaraNa na kare, unako apekSA kare arthAt unake astitvako svIkAra kare / jo dUsarekA nirAkaraNa karatA hai aura apanA hI adhikAra jamAtA hai baha kalahakAro kapUtakI taraha durnaya kahalAtA hai| pramANameM pUrNa vastu samAtI hai| naya eka aMzako mukhya rUpase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMko gauNa karatA hai, para unakI apekSA rakhatA hai, tiraskAra to kabhI bhI nahIM krtaa| kintu durnaya anyanirapekSa hokara anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| pramANa' 'tat aura atat' sabhIko jAnatA hai, nayameM 'atat' yA 'tat' gauNa rahatA hai aura kevala 'tat' yA 'atat' ko pratipatti hotI hai, para durnaya anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai / pramANa 'sat' ko grahaNa karatA hai, aura naya 'syAt sat' isa taraha sApekSa rUpase jAnatA hai jaba ki durnaya 'sadeva' aisA avadhAraNakara anyakA tiraskAra karatA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki sApekSatA hI nayakA prANa hai| __AcArya siddhasenane apane sanmatisUtra ( 1 / 21-25 ) meM kahA hai ki "tamhA savve vi NayA micchAdiTThI spkkhpddibddhaa| aNNoNNaNissiA uNa havanti smmttsbbhaavaa||" -sanmati0 1022 ve sabhI naya mithyAvRSTi haiM jo apane hI pakSakA Agraha karate haiM-parakA niSedha karate haiM, kintu jaba ve hI paraspara sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyaktvake sadbhAvavAle hote haiM arthAt samyagdRSTi hote hai / jaise aneka prakArake guNavAlI vaiDarya Adi maNiyA~ mahAmalyavAlI hokara bhI yadi eka sUtra meM piroI huI na hoM, paraspara ghaTaka na hoM, to 'ratnAvalI' saMjJA nahIM pA sakatoM, usI taraha apane niyata vAdoMkA Agraha rakhanevAle paraspara-nirapekSa naya samyaktvapaneko nahIM pA sakate, bhale hI ve apane-apane pakSa ke liye kitane hI mahattvake kyoM na hoN| jisa prakAra ve hI maNiyA~ eka sUtameM piroI jAkara 'ratnAvalI yA ratnAhAra' 1. 'dharmAntarAdAnopekSAhAnilakSaNatvAta pramANanaya-durnayAnAM prakArAntarAsaMbhavAcca / pramANAttadatatsvabhAva pratipatteH tatpratipatteH tadanyanirAkRtezca |'-assttsh0, aSTasaha0 pR0 290 / 2. 'sadeva sat syAt saditi vidhArthoM mIyeta durnItinayapramANaH |'-anyyogvy0 zlo0 28 / 3. 'nirapekSA nayA mithyAH sApekSA vastu te'rthakRt |'-aaptmoshlo0 108 /
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________________ 314 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha bana jAtI haiM usI taraha sabhI naya parasparasApekSa hokara samyakpaneko prApta ho jAte haiM, ve sunaya bana jAte haiM / antameM ve kahate haiM "je vayaNijjaviyappA saMjujjatesu hoMti eesu / sA sasamayapaNNavaNA titthayarAsAyaNA aNNA // " -sanmati0 1153 jo vacanavikalparUpI naya paraspara sambaddha hokara svaviSayakA pratipAdana karate haiM, vaha unakI svasamayaprajJApanA hai tathA anya-nirapekSavRtti tIrthaGkarakI AsAdanA hai| AcArya kundakunda isI tatvako bar3I mArmika rItise samajhAte haiM "doNhavi NayANa bhaNiyaM jANai NavariM tu smypddibddho| Na du NayapakkhaM giNhadi kiJcivi NayapakkhaparihINo / " --samayasAra gAthA 143 svasamayI vyakti donoM nayoMke vaktavyako jAnatA to hai, para kisI eka nayakA tiraskAra karake dUsare nayake pakSako grahaNa nahIM karatA / vaha eka nayako dvitIyasApekSarUpase hI grahaNa karatA hai| vastu jaba anantadharmAtmaka hai taba svabhAvataH eka-eka dharmako grahaNa karanevAle abhiprAya bhI ananta hI hoMge; bhale hI unake vAcaka pRthak-pRthak zabda na mileM, para jitane zabda hai unake vAcya dharmoko jAnanevAle utane abhiprAya to avazya hI hote haiN| yAnI abhiprAyoMkI saMkhyAkI apekSA hama nayoMkI sImA na bA~dha sakeM, para yaha to sunizcitarUpase kaha hI sakate haiM ki jitane zabda hai utane to naya avazya ho sakate haiN| kyoMki koI bhI vacanamArga abhiprAyake binA ho hI nahIM sakatA / aise aneka abhiprAya to saMbhava hai jinake vAcaka zabda na mileM, para aisA eka bhI sArthaka zabda nahIM ho sakatA, jo binA abhiprAyake prayukta hotA ho / ataH sAmAnyatayA jitane zabda haiM utane' naya hai| yaha vidhAna yaha mAnakara kiyA jAtA hai ki pratyeka zabda vastuke kisI-na-kisI dharmakA vAcaka hotA hai| isIlie tattvArthabhASya ( 1134 ) meM 'ye naya kyA eka vastake viSayameM paraspara virodhI tantroMke matavAda haiM yA jainAcAryoMke hI paraspara matabheda hai ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki 'na to ye tantrAntarIya matavAda haiM aura na AcAryoMke hI pArasparika matabheda haiM ?' kintu jeya arthako jAnanevAle nAnA adhyavasAya haiM / ' eka hI vastuko apekSAbhedase yA aneka dRSTikoNoMse grahaNa karanevAle vikalpa hai / ve havAI kalpanAe~ nahIM haiM / aura na zekhacillIke vicAra hI haiM, kintu arthako nAnA prakArase jAnanevAle abhiprAyavizeSa haiN| ye niviSaya na hokara jJAna, zabda yA artha kisI-na-kisoko viSaya avazya karate haiN| isakA viveka karanA jJAtAkA kArya hai / jaise eka hI loka satakI apekSA eka hai, jIva aura ajIvake bhedase do, UvaM, madhya aura adhaH ke bhedase tIna, cAra prakArake dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvarUpa honese cAra; pA~ca astikAyoMko apekSA pA~ca aura chaha dravyoMkI apekSA chaha prakArakA kahA jA sakatA hai| ye apekSAbhedase honevAle vikalpa hai, mAtra matabheda yA vivAda nahIM hai| usI taraha nayavAda bhI apekSAbhedase honevAle vastu ke vibhinna adhyavasAya haiN| 1 "jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA hoMti nnyvaayaa|" -sanmati0 3 / 47 /
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________________ do naya-dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika isa taraha sAmAnyatayA abhiprAyoMkI anantatA honepara bhI unheM do vibhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA haieka abhedako grahaNa karanevAle aura dUsare bhedako grahaNa karanevAle / vastu meM svarUpataH abheda hai, vaha akhaMDa hai aura apane meM eka maulika hai / use aneka guNa, paryAya aura dharmoke dvArA anekarUpameM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / abhedagrAhiNI dRSTi dravyadRSTi kahI jAtI hai aura bhedagrAhiNI dRSTi paryAyadRSTi / dravyako mukhyarUpa se grahaNa karanevAlA naya dravyAstika yA avyucchitti naya kahalAtA hai aura paryAyako grahaNa karanevAlA naya paryAyAstika yA vyucchitti naya / abheda arthAt sAmAnya aura bheda yAnI vizeSa / vastuoMmeM abheda aura bhedakI kalpanA ke do-do prakAra haiM | abhedakI eka kalpanA to eka akhaNDa maulika dravya meM apanI dravyazaktike kAraNa vivakSita abheda hai, jo dravya yA UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai / yaha apanI kAlakramase honevAlI kramika paryAyoMmeM Uparase nIce taka vyApta rahaneke kAraNa UrdhvatAsAmAnya kahalAtA hai| yaha jisa prakAra apanI kramika paryAyako vyApta karatA hai usI taraha apane sahabhAvI guNa aura dharmoko bhI vyApta karatA hai / dUsarI abhedakalpanA vibhinnasattA aneka dravyoM meM saMgrahakI dRSTise kI jAtI hai / yaha kalpanA zabdavyavahAra ke nirvAha lie sAdRzyako apekSAse kI jAtI hai / aneka svatantrasattAka manuSyoM meM sAdRzyamUlaka manuSyatva jAtikI apekSA manuSyatva sAmAnyakI kalpanA tiryak sAmAnya kahalAtI hai / yaha aneka dravyoMmeM tirachI calatI hai / eka dravyakI paryAyoM meM honevAlI eka bhedakalpanA paryAyavizeSa kahalAtI hai tathA vibhinna dravyoMmeM pratIta honevAlI dUsarI bheda kalpanA vyatirekavizeSa kahI jAtI hai / isa prakAra donoM prakArake abhedoMko viSaya karanevAlI dRSTi dravyadRSTi hai aura donoM bhedoMko viSaya karanevAlI dRSTi paryAyadRSTi hai / paramArthaM aura vyavahAra 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 315 paramArthataH pratyeka dravyagata abhedako grahaNa karanevAlI dRSTi hI dravyArthika aura pratyeka dravyagata paryAyabhedako jAnanevAlI dRSTi hI paryAyArthika hotI hai / aneka dravyagata abheda aupacArika aura vyAvahArika haiM, ataH unameM sAdRzyamUlaka abheda bhI vyAvahArika hI hai, pAramArthika nahIM / aneka dravyoMkA bheda pAramArthika hI hai / 'manuSyatva' mAtra sAdRzyamUlaka kalpanA hai / koI eka aisA manuSyatva nAmakA padArtha nahIM hai, jo aneka manuSyadravyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtakI taraha piroyA gayA ho / sAdRzya bhI aneka niSTha dharma nahIM haiM, kintu pratyeka vyakti meM rahatA hai / usakA vyavahAra avazya parasApekSa hai, para svarUpa to pratyekaniSTha hI hai / ata: kinhIM bhI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya aneka dravyoMkA sAdRzyamUlaka abhedase saMgraha kevala vyAvahArika hai, pAramArthika nahIM / ananta pudgalaparamANu dravyoMko pudgalatvena eka kahanA vyavahArake lie hai / do pRthak paramANuoMkI sattA kabhI bhI eka nahIM ho sakatI / eka dravyagata UrdhvatA sAmAnyako chor3akara jitanI bhI abheda-kalpanAe~ avAntarasAmAnya yA mahAsAmAnyake nAmase kI jAtI haiM, ve saba vyAvahArika haiM / unakA vastusthitise itanA hI sambandha hai ve zabdoMke dvArA una pRthak vastuoMkA saMgraha kara rahI haiN| jisa prakAra anekadravyagata abheda vyAvahArika hai| usI taraha eka dravyameM kAlika paryAyabheda vAstavika hokara bhI unameM guNabheda aura dharmabheda usa akhaMDa anirvaca nIya vastuko samajhane-samajhAne aura kahane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra pRthak siddha dravyoM ko hama vizleSaNakara alaga svatantrabhAvase ginA sakate haiM usa taraha kisI eka dravyake guNa aura dharmo ko nahIM batA sakate / ataH paramArthadravyArthikanaya ekadravyagata abhedako viSaya karatA hai, aura vyavahAra paryAyArthika ekadravyakI kramika paryAyoMke kalpita bhedako / vyavahAradravyArthika anekadravyagata kalpita abhedako jAnatA hai aura para
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________________ 316 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha mArtha paryAyAthika do dravyoMke vAstavika paraspara bhedako jAnatA hai| vastutaH vyavahAraparyAyAthikako sImA eka dravyagata guNabheda aura dharmabheda taka hI hai| dravyAstika aura dravyAthika tattvArthavArtika ( 1133 ) meM dravyAthikake sthAnameM AnevAlA dravyAstika aura paryAyAthikake sthAnameM AnevAlA paryAyAstika zabda isI sUkSmabhedako sUcita karatA hai| dravyAstikakA tAtparya hai ki jo ekadravyake paramArtha astitvako viSaya kare aura tanmalaka hI abhedakA prakhyApana kre| paryAyAstika ekadravyakI vAstavika kramika paryAyoMke astitvako mAnakara unhIMke AdhArase bhedavyavahAra karatA hai| isa dRSTise anekadravyagata paramArtha bhedako paryAyArthika viSaya karake bhI unake bhedako kisI dravyako paryAya nahIM maantaa| yahA~ paryAyazabdakA prayoga vyavahArArtha hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki eka dravyagata abhedako dravyAstika aura paramArtha dravyAthika, ekadravyagata paryAyabhedako paryAyAstika aura vyavahAra paryAyAthika, aneka-dravyoMke sAdRzyamUlaka abhedako vyavahAra dravyAthika tathA anekadravyagata bhedako paramArtha paryAyAthika jAnatA hai| anekadravyagata bhedako hama 'paryAya' zabdase vyavahArake lie hI kahate haiN| isa taraha bhedAbhedAtmaka yA anantadharmAtmaka jJeyameM jJAtAke abhiprAyAnusAra bheda yA abhedako mukhya aura itarako gauNa karake dravyAthika aura paryAyAthika nayoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| kahA~, kauna-sA bheda yA abheda vivakSita hai, yaha samajhanA vaktA aura zrotAko kuzalatApara nirbhara karatA hai| - yahA~ yaha spaSTa samajha lenA cAhie ki paramArtha abheda ekadravyameM hI hotA hai aura paramArtha bheda do svataMtra dravyoMmeM / isI taraha vyAvahArika abheda do pRthak dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka hotA hai aura vyAvahArika bheda ekadravyake do guNoM, dharmoM yA paryAyoMmeM paraspara hotA hai| dravyakA apane guNa, dharma aura paryAyoMse vyAvahArika bheda ho hotA hai, paramArthataH to unakI sattA abhinna ho hai| tIna prakArake padArtha aura nikSepa tIrthaMkaroMke dvArA upadiSTa samasta arthakA saMgraha inhIM do nayoMmeM ho jAtA hai| unakA kathana yA to abhedapradhAna hotA hai yA bhedapradhAna / jagatameM Thosa aura maulika astitva yadyapi dravyakA hai aura paramArtha arthasaMjJA bhI isI guNa-paryAyavAle dravyako dI jAtI hai| parantu vyavahAra kevala paramArtha arthase hI nahIM cltaa| ataH vyavahArake lie padArthoMkA nikSepa zabda, jJAna aura artha tona prakArase kiyA jAtA hai| jAti, dravya, guNa, kriyA Adi nimittoMkI apekSA kiye binA hI icchAnusAra saMjJA rakhanA 'nAma' kahalAtA hai| jaisekisI lar3akekA 'gajarAja' yaha nAma zabdAtmaka arthakA AdhAra hotA hai| jisakA nAmakaraNa ho cukA hai usa padArthakA usoke AkAravAlI vastumeM yA atadAkAra vastumeM sthApanA karanA 'sthApanA' nikSepa hai / jaisehAthIkI mUrtimeM hAthIkI sthApanA yA zataraMjake muhareko hAthI khnaa| yaha jJAnAtmaka arthakA Azraya hotA hai| atIta aura anAgata paryAyakI yogyatAko dRSTise padArtha meM vaha vyavahAra karanA 'dravya' nikSepa hai / jaiseyuvarAjako rAjA kahanA yA jisane rAjapada chor3a diyA hai use bhI vartamAnameM rAjA khnaa| vartamAna paryAyakI dRSTise honevAlA vyavahAra 'bhAva' nikSepa hai jaise-rAjya karanevAleko rAjA kahanA / isameM paramArtha artha-dravya aura bhAva haiM / jJAnAtmaka artha sthApanA nikSepa aura zabdAtmaka artha nAmanikSepameM gabhita hai| yadi baccA zerake liye rotA hai to use zerakA tadAkAra khilaunA dekara hI vyavahAra nibhAyA jA sakatA hai| jagatake samasta zAbdika vyavahAra zabdase hI cala rahe haiN| dravya aura bhAva padArthako
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________________ 4 | viziSTa nibandha : 317 kAlika paryAyoMmeM honevAle vyavahArake AdhAra banate haiN| 'gajarAjako bulA lAo' yaha kahanepara isa nAmaka vyakti hI bulAyA jAtA hai, na ki gjraaj-haathii| rAjyAbhiSekake samaya yuvarAja hI 'rAjA sAhiba' kahe jAte haiM aura rAja-sabhAmeM vartamAna rAjA hI 'rAjA' kahA jAtA hai / ityAdi samasta vyavahAra kahIM zabda, kahIM artha aura kahIM sthApanA arthAt jJAnase calate hue dekhe jAte haiM / aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karake prastutakA bodha karAnA, saMzayako dUra karanA aura tattvArthakA avadhAraNa karanA nikSepa-prakriyAkA prayojana hai| prAcIna zailImeM pratyeka zabdake prayogake samaya nikSepa karake samajhAneko prakriyA dekhI jAtI hai| jaise-'ghaDA lAo' isa vAkyameM samajhAyeMge ki 'ghar3A' zabdase nAmaghaTa, sthApanAghaTa aura dravyaghaTa vivakSita nahIM, kintu 'bhAvaghaTa' vivakSita hai| zerake liye ronevAle bAlakako cupa karaneke liye nAmazera, dravyazera aura bhAvazera nahIM cAhiye; kintu sthApanAzera cAhiye / 'gajarAjako bulAo' yahA~ sthApanAgajarAja, dravyagajarAja yA bhAvagajarAja nahIM bulAyA jAtA kintu 'nAma gajarAja' hI bulAyA jAtA hai / ataH aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karake prastutakA jJAna karanA nikSepakA mukhya prayojana hai| tIna aura sAta naya isa taraha jaba hama pratyeka padArthako artha, zabda aura jJAnake AkAroM meM bA~Tate haiM to inake grAhaka jJAna bhI svabhAvataH tIna zreNiyoMmeM ba~Ta jAte haiM-jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya / kucha vyavahAra kevala jJAnAzrayI hote haiM, unameM arthake tathAbhUta honekI cintA nahIM hotI, ve kevala saMkalpase calate haiN| jaise-Aja 'mahAvIra jayantI' hai / arthake AdhArase calanevAle vyavahArameM eka ora nitya, eka ora vyApI rUpameM carama abhedakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, jo dUsarI ora kSaNikatva, paramANutva aura niraMzatvakI dRSTise antima bhedakI klpnaa| tIsarI kalpanA ina donoM carama koTiyoMke madhya ko hai| pahalI koTimeM sarvathA abheda-ekatva ra karanevAle aupaniSada advaitavAdI haiM to dUsarI ora vastukI sUkSmatama vartamAnakSaNavartI arthaparyAyake Upara dRSTi rakhanevAle kSaNika niraMza paramANuvAdI bauddha haiN| tIsarI koTimeM padArthako nAnArUpase vyavahArameM lAnevAle naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi haiN| cauthe prakArake vyakti hai bhaassaashaastrii| ye eka hI arthameM vibhinna zabdoMke prayogako mAnate haiN| parantu zabdanaya zabdabhedase arthabhedako anivArya samajhatA hai| ina sabhI prakArake vyavahAroM ke samanvayake liye jaina paramparAne 'naya-paddhati' svIkAra kI hai| nayakA artha hai-abhiprAya, daSTi, vivakSA yA apekssaa| jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya inameM jJAnAzrita vyavahArakA saMkalpamAtragrAhI naigamanayameM samAveza hotA hai / arthAzrita abheda vyavahArakA, jo "AtmavedaM sarvam" "ekasmin vA vijJAte sarvaM vijJAtam" Adi upaniSad-vAkyoMse prakaTa hotA hai, saMgrahanayameM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai / isase noce tathA eka paramANukI vartamAnakAlIna eka arthaparyAyase pahale honevAle yAvata madhyavartI bhedoMko, jinameM naiyAyika, vaizeSikAdi darzana haiM, vyavahAranayameM zAri hai / arthakI AkhirI deza-koTi paramANurUpatA tathA antima kAla-koTimeM kSaNikatAko grahaNa karanevAlI bauddhadRSTi RjusUtranayameM sthAna pAtI hai / yahA~ taka arthako sAmane rakhakara bheda aura abheda kalpita hue haiN| aba zabdazAstriyoMkA nambara AtA hai / kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA tathA dhAtuke sAtha laganevAle bhinna-bhinna upasarga Adise prayukta honevAle zabdoMke vAcya artha bhinna-bhinna haiN| isa kAla-kArakAdivAcaka zabdabhedase arthabheda 1. "uktaM hi-avagayaNivAraNa payadassa parUvaNANimittaM ca / saMsayaviNAsaNaTheM taccatthavadhAraNaTaM ca // " -dhavalA TI0 satpra0
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________________ 318 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti-grantha grahaNa karanevAlI dRSTikA zabdanayameM samAveza hotA hai| eka hI sAdhanase niSpanna tathA ekakAlavAcaka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiM / ataH ina paryAyavAcI zabdoMse bhI arthabheda mAnanevAlI dRSTi samabhirUDha meM sthAna pAtI hai / evambhUta naya kahatA hai ki jisa samaya, jo artha, jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho, usI samaya, usameM tatkriyAse niSpanna zabdakA prayoga honA cAhiye / isakI dRSTise sabhI zabda kriyAse niSpanna haiM / guNavAcaka 'zukla' zabda zucibhavanarUpa kriyAse, jAtivAcaka 'azva' zabda AzugamanarUpa kriyAse, kriyAvAcaka 'calati' zabda calanerUpa kriyAse aura nAmavAcaka yadRcchAzabda 'devadatta' Adi bhI 'devane isako diyA' Adi kriyAoMse niSpanna hote haiM / isa taraha jJAnAzrayI, arthAzrayI aura zabdAzrayI samasta vyavahAroMkA samanvaya ina nayoMmeM kiyA gayA hai / mUla naya sAta nayoMke mUla bheda sAta haiM-- naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta / AcArya siddhasena ( sanmati0 114 - 5 ) abhedagrAho naigamakA saMgrahameM tathA bhedagrAhI naigamakA vyavahAranayameM antarbhAva karake nayoMke chaha bheda hI mAnate haiM / tattvArtha bhASya meM nayoMke mUla bheda pA~ca mAnakara phira zabdanayake tIna bheda karake nayoM ke sAta bheda ginAye haiM / naigamanayake dezaparikSepI aura sarvaparikSepI bheda bhI tattvArtha bhASya (1 / 34(35) meM pAye jAte haiM / SaTkhaMDAgamameM nayoMke naigamAdi zabdAnta pA~ca bheda ginAye haiM, para kasAyapAhuDameM mUla pA~ca bheda ginAkara zabdanayake tIna bheda kara diye haiM aura nagamanayake saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika do bheda bhI kiye haiM / isa taraha sAta naya mAnanA prAyaH sarvasammata hai / naigamanaya' saMkalpamAtrako grahaNa karanevAlA naigamanaya hotA hai / jaise koI puruSa daravAjA banAneke liye lakar3I kATane jaMgala jA rahA hai| pUchanepara vaha kahatA hai ki 'daravAjA lene jA rahA hU~ / ' yahA~ daravAjA banAne ke saMkalpa meM hI 'daravAjA' vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / saMkalpa satmeM bhI hotA hai aura asatmeM bhI / isI naigamanayakI maryAdAmeM anekoM aupacArika vyavahAra bhI Ate haiM / 'Aja mahAvIra jayantI hai' ityAdi vyavahAra isI nayI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiN| nigama gA~voMko kahate haiM, ataH gA~vameM jisa prakArake grAmINa vyavahAra calate haiM ve saba isI nayakI dRSTise hote haiM / aura abheda donoM hI isake kArya - 'akalaMkadevane dharma aura dharmI donoMko gauNa-mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karanA naigamanayakA kArya batAyA hai / jaise -- 'jIvaH' kahane se jJAnAdi guNa gauNa hokara 'jIva dravya' hI mukhyarUpase vivakSita hotA hai aura 'jJAnavAn jIvaH' kahane meM jJAna-guNa mukhya ho jAtA hai aura jIva dravya gauNa / yaha na kevala dharmako hI grahaNa karatA hai aura na kevala dharmIko ho / vivakSAnusAra donoM hI isake viSaya hote haiM / bheda kSetrameM Ate haiM / do dharmo meM do dharmiyoMmeM tathA dharma aura dharmImeM ekako pradhAna tathA anyako gauNa karake grahaNa karanA naigamanayakA hI kArya hai, jabaki saMgrahanaya kevala abhedako hI viSaya karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya mAtra bhedako hI / yaha kisI ekapara niyata nahIM rahatA / ataH ise ( 4 naikaM gamaH ) naigama kahate haiM / kAryakAraNa aura AdhAra - Adheya AdikI dRSTise honevAle sabhI prakArake upacAroMko bhI yahI viSaya karatA hai / 1. "anabhinivRtArtha saMkalpamAtragrAhI naigama: / " - sarvArthasi0 1133 // 2. laghI0 svavR0 zloka 39 / 3. ta0 zlokavA0 zlo0 269 / 4. dhavalATI0 satprarU0 /
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 319 naigamAbhAsa avayava-avayavI, guNa-guNI, kriyA-kriyAvAna, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAn AdimeM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki guNa guNIse pRthaka apanI sattA nahIM rakhatA aura na guNoMkI upekSA karake guNI hI apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai| ataH inameM kathaMcittAdAtmya sambandha mAnanA hI ucita hai| isI taraha avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kriyAvAna tathA sAmAnya-vizeSameM bhI kathaMcittAdAtmya sambandhako chor3akara dUsarA sambandha nahIM hai / yadi guNa Adi guNI Adise sarvathA bhinna, svatantra padArtha hoM; to unameM niyata sambandha na honeke kAraNa guNa-guNIbhAva Adi nahIM bana sakeMge / kathaMcittAdAtmyakA artha hai ki guNa Adi guNI Adi / haiM-unase bhinna nahIM haiN| jo svayaM jJAnarUpa nahIM hai vaha jJAnake samavAyase bhI 'jJa' kaise bana sakatA hai ? ataH vaizeSikakA guNa AdikA guNI Adise sarvathA nirapekSa bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai|' sAMkhyakA jJAna aura sukha Adiko AtmAse bhinna mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai| sAMkhyakA kahanA hai ki triguNAtmaka prakRtike sukha-jJAnAdika dharma haiM, ve usImeM AvirbhUta aura tirohita hote rahate haiM / isI prakRtike saMsargase puruSameM jJAnAdikI pratIti hotI hai| prakRti isa jJAnasukhAdirUpa 'vyaktakAryako dRSTise dRzya hai tathA apane kAraNarUpa 'avyakta' svarUpase adazya hai| cetana puruSa kUTastha-apariNAmI nitya hai / caitanya baddhise bhinna hai| ataH cetana paruSakA dharma baddhi nahIM hai| isa taraha sAMkhyakA jJAna aura AtmAmeM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki caitanya aura jJAnameM koI bheda nahIM hai| buddhi upalabdhi caitanya aura jJAna Adi sabhI paryAyavAcI haiM / sukha aura jJAnAdiko sarvathA anitya aura puruSako sarvathA nitya mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki kUTastha nitya puruSameM prakRtike saMsargase bhI bandha, mokSa aura bhoga Adi nahIM bana sakate / ataH puruSako pariNAmI-nitya hI mAnanA cAhiye, tabhI usameM bandha-mokSAdi vyavahAra ghaTa sakate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki abheda-nirapekSa sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai| saMgraha aura saMgrahAbhAsa aneka paryAyoMko ekadravyarUpase yA aneka dravyoMko sAdRzya-mUlaka ekatvarUpase abhedagrAhI saMgraha'naya hotA hai / isakI dRSTimeM vidhi hI mukhya haiN| dravyako chor3akara paryAyeM hai hI nhiiN| yaha do prakArakA hotA hai-eka parasaMgraha aura dUsarA aparasaMgraha / parasaMgrahameM satrUpase samasta padArthoMkA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai tathA aparasaMgrahameM eka dravyarUpase samasta paryAyoMkA tathA dravyarUpase samasta dravyoMkA, guNarUpase samasta guNoMkA, gotvarUpase samasta gauoMkA, manuSyatvarUpase samasta manuSyoMkA ityAdi saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai| yaha aparasaMgraha taba taka calatA hai jaba taka bhedamalaka vyavahAra apanI caramakoTi taka nahIM pahu~ca jAtA / arthAt jaba vyavahAranaya bheda karate-karate RjusUtranayakI viSayabhUta eka vartamAnakAlona kSaNavartI arthaparyAya taka pahu~catA hai yAnI saMgraha karaneke liye do raha hI nahIM jAte, taba aparasaMgrahakI maryAdA samApta ho jAtI hai| parasaMgrahake bAda aura RjusUtranayase pahale aparasaMgraha aura vyavahAranayakA samAna kSetra hai, para dRSTimeM bheda hai / jaba aparasaMgrahameM sAdRzyamalaka yA dravyamalaka abhedadRSTi mukhya hai aura isIliye vaha ekatva lAkara saMgraha karatA hai taba vyavahAranayameM bhedako hI pradhAnatA hai, vaha paryAya-paryAyameM bhI bheda DAlatA hai / parasaMgrahanayakI dRSTimeM sadpase sabhI padArtha eka haiM, unameM kisI prakArakA bheda nahIM hai / jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI sadarUpase abhinna haiN| jisa prakAra eka citrajJAna apane aneka nIlAdi AkAroMmeM vyApta hai usI taraha sanmAtra 1. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 39 / 2. 'zaddha dravyamabhipreti sNgrhstdbhedtH|-lghii0 zlo0 32 /
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________________ 320 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha tattva sabhI padArthoM meM vyApta hai / jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI usIke bheda haiM / koI bhI jJAna sanmAnatattvako jAne binA bhedoMko nahIM jAna sakatA / koI bhI bheda sanmAtrase bAhara arthAt asat nahIM hai| pratyakSa cAhe cetana sukhAdimeM pravRtti kare, yA bAhya acetana nIlAdi padArthoMko jAne, vaha sadrUpase abhedAMzako viSaya karatA hI hai / itanA dhyAna rakhanekI bAta hai ki eka dravyamUlaka paryAyoMke saMgraha ke sivAya anya sabhI prakArake saMgraha sAdRzyamUlaka ekatvakA Aropa karake hI hote haiM aura ve kevala saMkSipta zabdavyavahArako suvidhAke liye haiM / do svatantra dravyoMmeM cAhe ve sajAtIya hoM yA) vijAtIya, vAstavika ekatva A ho nahIM sakatA / saMgrahakI isa abhedadRSTise sIdhI Takkara lenevAlI bauddhakI bhedadRSTi hai, jisameM abhedako kalpanAtmaka kahakara usakA vastumeM koI sthAna hI nahIM rahane diyA hai| isa Atyantika bhedake kAraNa hI bauddha avayavI, sthUla, nitya Adi abhedadRSTike viSayabhUta padArthoMkI sattA hI nahIM mAnate / nityAMza kAlika abhedake AdhArapara sthira hai; kyoMki jaba vahI eka dravya trikAlAnuyAyI hotA hai tabhI vaha nitya kahA jA sakatA hai / avayavI aura sthUlatA dezika abhedake AdhArase mAne jAte haiM / jaba eka vastu aneka avayavoM meM kathaMcittAdAtmyarUpase vyApti rakhe, tabhI vaha avayavIvyapadeza pA sakatI hai / sthUlatAmeM bhI aneka pradezavyApitvarUpa daizika abhedadRSTi hI apekSaNIya hotI hai / isa nayI dRSTise kaha sakate haiM vizva sanmAtrarUpa' hai, eka hai, advaita hai; kyoMki sadrUpase cetana aura acetana meM koI bheda nahIM hai / advayabrahmavAda saMgrahAbhAsa hai, kyoMki isameM bhedakA "neha nAnAsti kiJcana" ( kaThopa0 4|11 ) kahakara sarvathA nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai| saMgrahanayameM abheda mukhya honepara bhI bhedakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha gauNa avazya ho jAtA hai, para usake astitvase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / advayabrahmavAda meM kAraka aura kriyAoMke pratyakSasiddha bhedakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / karmadvaita, phaladvaita, lokadvaita, vidyAavidyAdvaita Adi sabhIkA lopa isa matameM prApta hotA hai / ataH sAMgrahika vyavahArake liye bhale hI parasaMgrahanaya jagatke samasta padArthoMko 'sat' kaha le, para isase pratyeka dravyake maulika astitvakA lopa nahIM ho sakatA / vijJAnakI prayogazAlA pratyeka aNukA apanA svatantra astitva svIkAra karatI hai / ataH saMgrahanayako upayogitA abhedavyavahArake liye hI hai, vastusthitikA lopa karaneke liye nahIM / isI taraha zabdAdvaita bhI saMgrahAbhAsa hai / yaha isaliye ki isameM bhedakA aura dravyoMke usa maulika astitvakA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai, jo pramANase prasiddha to hai hI, vijJAnane bhI jise pratyakSa kara dikhAyA hai / vyavahAra aura avyavahArAbhAsa saMgrahahnayake dvArA saMgRhIta artha meM vidhipUrvaka avisaMvAdI aura vastusthitimUlaka bheda karanevAlA vyavahAraya hai / yaha vyavahAranaya lokaprasiddha vyavahArakA avirodhI hotA hai / lokavyavahAraviruddha, visaMvAdI aura vastusthitikI upekSA karanevAlI bhedakalpanA vyavahArAbhAsa hai / lokavyavahAra artha, zabda aura jJAna 3 1. 'sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt ' - tattvArthamA0 1135 / 2. saMgrahanayAkSiptAnAmarthAnAM vidhipUrvakabhavaharaNaM vyavahAraH / ' 3. 'kalpanAropitadravyaparyAyapravibhAgabhAk / pramANabAdhito'nyastu tadAbhAso'vasIyatAm // ' --ta0 zlo0 pR0 271 / - sarvArthasi0 1 / 33 //
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________________ 4/viziSTa nibandha : 321 tInoMse calatA hai| jIvavyavahAra jIva-artha jIva-viSayaka jJAna aura jIva-zabda tInoMse sadhatA hai| 'vastu utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyavAlI hai, dravya guNa-paryAyavAlA hai, jIva caitanyarUpa hai' ityAdi bhedaka-vAkya pramANAvirodhI haiM tathA lokavyavahArameM avisaMvAdo honese pramANa haiM / ye vastugata abhedakA nirAkaraNa na karane ke kAraNa tathA pUrvAparAvirodhI honese satvyavahArake viSaya hai| sautrAntikakA jar3a yA cetana sabhI padArthoMko sarvathA kSaNika niraMza aura paramANurUpa mAnanA, yogAcArakA kSaNika avibhAgI vijJAnAdvaita mAnanA, mAdhyamikakA nirAvalambana jJAna yA sarvazUnyatA svIkAra karanA pramANavirodhI aura lokavyavahArameM visaMvAdaka honese vyavahArAbhAsa hai| jo bheda vastuke apane nijI maulika ekatvako apekSA rakhatA hai, vaha vyavahAra hai aura abhedakA sarvathA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA vyavahArAbhAsa hai| do svataMtra dravyoMmeM vAstavika bheda hai, unameM sAdRzyake kAraNa abheda Aropita hotA hai, jaba ki ekadravyake guNa aura paryAyoMmeM vAstavika abheda hai, unameM bheda usa akhaNDa vastukA vizleSaNakara samajhane ke lie kalpita hotA hai| isa mala vastusthitiko lAMghakara bhedakalpanA yA abhedakalpanA tadAbhAsa hotI hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| vizvake ananta dravyoMkA apanA vyaktitva maulika bhedapara hI TikA huA hai / eka dravyake guNAdikA bheda vastutaH mithyA kahA jA sakatA hai aura use avidyAkalpita kahakara pratyeka dravyake advaita taka pahu~ca sakate hai, para atanta advaitoMmeM to kyA, do advaitoMmeM bhI abhedakI kalpanA usI taraha aupacArika hai, jaise senA, vana, prAnta aura deza Adi kI kalpanA / vaizeSikakI pratItiviruddha dravyAdibhedakalpanA bhI vyavahArAbhAsameM AtI hai / RjusUtra aura tadAbhAsa vyavahAranaya taka bheda aura abhedakI kalpanA mukhyatayA aneka dravyoMko sAmane rakhakara calatI hai| 'eka dravyameM bhI kAlakramase paryAyabheda hotA hai aura vartamAna kSaNakA atIta aura anAgatase koI sambandha nahIM hai' yaha vicAra RjusUtranaya prastuta karatA hai| yaha naya' vartamAnakSaNavartI zuddha arthaparyAyako hI viSaya karatA hai / atIta cUMki vinaSTa hai aura anAgata anutpanna hai, ataH usameM paryAya vyavahAra hI nahIM ho sktaa| isakI dRSTise nitya koI vastu nahIM hai aura sthala bhI koI cIja nahIM hai| sarala sUtakI taraha yaha kevala vartamAna paryAyako sparza karatA hai| yaha naya pacyamAna vastuko bhI aMzataH pakva kahatA hai| kriyamANako bhI aMzataH kRta, bhujyamAnako bhI bhukta aura baddhyamAnako bhI baddha kahanA isakI sUkSmadRSTimeM zAmila hai| isa nayakI dRSTise 'kumbhakAra' vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jaba taka kumhAra zivika, chatraka Adi paryAyoMko kara rahA hai, taba taka to kumbhakAra kahA nahIM jA sakatA, aura jaba kumbha paryAyakA samaya AtA hai, taba vaha svayaM apane upAdAnase niSpanna ho jAtI hai / aba kise karane ke kAraNa vaha 'kumbhakAra' kahA jAya ? jisa samaya jo Akarake baiThA hai, vaha yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki 'abhI hI A rahA hU~ isa nayakI dRSTimeM 'grAmanivAsa', 'gRhanivAsa' Adi vyavahAra nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki hara vyakti svAtmasthita hotA hai, vaha na to grAmameM rahatA hai aura na gharameM ho| 1. 'paMccuppannaggAhI ujjusuo NayavihI munnynvo|-anuyog dvA0 4 / - akalaMkagranthatraya Ti0 pR0 146 / 2. 'sUtrapAtavad RjusUtraH / ' tattvArthavA0 1 / 33. 4-41
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________________ 322 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha kauA kAlA hai' yaha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki kauA kauA hai aura kAlA kAlA / yadi kAlA kauA ho; to samasta bhauMrA Adi kAle padArtha kauA ho jaaeNge| yadi kauA kAlA ho; to sapheda kauA nahIM ho skegaa| phira kauAke rakta, mAMsa, pitta, haDDI, camar3I Adi milakara paMcaraMgI vastu hote haiM, ataH use kevala kAlA hI kaise kaha sakate haiM ? isa nayakI dRSTimeM palAlakA dAha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki AgIkA sulagAnA, dhauMkanA aura jalAnA Adi asaMkhya samayakI kriyAe~ vartamAna kSaNa nahIM ho sakatIM / jisa samaya dAha hai usa samaya palAla nahIM aura jisa samaya palAla hai usa samaya dAha nahIM, taba palAladAha kaisA ? 'jo palAla hai vaha jalatA hai' yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki bahuta-sA palAla binA jalA huA par3A hai| isa nayakI sUkSma vizleSaka dRSTi meM pAna, bhojana Adi aneka-samaya-sAdhya koI bhI kriyAe~ nahIM bana sakatI; kyoMki eka kSaNameM to kriyA hotI nahIM aura vartamAnakA atIta aura anAgatase koI sambandha ise svIkAra nahIM hai / jisa dravyarUpI mAdhyamase pUrva aura uttara paryAyoMmeM sambandha juTatA hai usa mAdhyamakA astitva hI ise svIkArya nahIM hai| isa nayako lokavyavahArake virodhakI koI cintA nahIM hai| loka vyavahAra to yathAyogya vyavahAra, gama Adi anya nayoMse calegA hii| itanA saba kSaNaparyAyako daSTise vizleSaNa karanepara bhI yaha naya dravyakA lopa nahIM krtaa| vaha paryAyakI makhyatA bhale hI kara le. para dravyakI paramArthasattA use kSaNakI taraha hI svIkRta hai / usakI dRSTimeM dravyakA astitva gauNarUpameM vidyamAna rahatA hI hai| bauddhakA sarvathA kSaNikavAda RjusUtranayAbhAsa hai, kyoMki usameM dravyakA vilopa ho jAtA hai aura jaba nirvANa avasthAmeM cittasantati dIpakakI taraha bujha jAtI hai, yAnI astitvazanya ho jAtI hai, taba unake matameM dravyakA sarvathA lopa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kSaNika pakSakA samanvaya RjusUtranaya tabhI kara sakatA hai, jaba usameM dravyakA pAramArthika astitva vidyamAna rahe, bhale hI vaha gauNa ho| parantu vyavahAra aura svarUpabhUta arthakriyAke liye usakI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| zabdanaya aura tadAbhAsa kAla, kAraka, liMga tathA saMkhyAke bhedase zabdabheda honepara unake bhinna-bhinna arthoMko grahaNa karanevAlA zabdanaya hai| zabdanayake abhiprAyameM atIta, anAgata aura vartamAnakAlIna kriyAoMke sAtha prayukta honevAlA eka hI devadatta bhinna ho jAtA hai / 'karoti kriyate' Adi bhinna sAdhanoMke sAtha prayukta devadatta bhI bhinna hai / 'devadattaH devadattA' isa liMgabhedameM prayukta honevAlA devadatta bho eka nahIM hai| ekavacana, dvivacana aura bahuvacanameM prayukta honevAlA devadatta bhI bhinna-bhinna hai / isako dRSTimeM bhinna kAlIna, bhinnakArakaniSpanna, bhinnaliMgaka aura bhinnasaMkhyAka zabda eka artha ke vAcaka nahIM ho sakate / zabdabhedase arthabheda honA hI cAhiye / zabdanaya una vaiyAkaraNoMke tarIkeko anyAyya samajhatA hai jo zabdabheda mAnakara bhI arthabheda nahIM mAnanA cAhate, arthAt jo ekAntanitya Adi rUpa padArtha mAnate haiM, usameM paryAyabheda svIkAra nahIM karate / 1. "nanu saMvyavahAralopaprasaGga iti cet, na; asya nayasya viSayamAtrapradarzanaM kriyate / sarvanayasamahasAdhyo hi lokasaMvyavahAraH / " -sarvArthasi0 1133 / 2, "kAlakArakaliGgAdibhedAcchabdo'rthabhedakRt |"-lghii0 zlo0 44 / akalaGkagranthatrayaTi0 pR0 146 /
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 323 unake matameM kAlakArakAdibheda honepara bhI artha ekarUpa banA rahatA hai / taba yaha naya kahatA hai ki tumhArI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| eka hI devadatta kaise vibhinna liMgaka, bhinnasaMkhyAka aura bhinnakAlIna zabdoMkA vAcya ho sakegA? usameM bhinna zabdoMkI vAcyabhUta paryAyeM bhinna-bhinna svIkAra karanI hI cAhiye, anyathA liMgavyabhicAra, sAdhanavyabhicAra aura kAlavyabhicAra Adi bane rheNge| vyabhicArakA yahA~ artha hai zabdabheda honepara arthabheda nahIM mAnanA, yAnI eka hI arthakA vibhinna zabdoM se anucita sambandha / anucita isaliye ki hara zabdakI vAcakazakti judA-judA hotI hai| yadi padArtha meM tadanukUla vAkyazakti nahIM mAnI jAtI hai to anaucitya to spaSTa hI hai, unakA mela kaise baiTha sakatA hai ? kAla svayaM pariNamana karanevAle vartanAzIla padArthoke pariNamanameM sAdhAraNa nimitta hotA hai / isake bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna ye tIna bheda haiM / kevala zakti tathA anapekSa dravya aura zaktiko kAraka nahIM kahate; kintu zaktiviziSTa dravyako kAraka kahate haiM / liMga cihnako kahate haiN| jo garbhadhAraNa kare vaha strI, jo putrAdikI utpAdaka sAmarthya rakhe vaha puruSa aura jisameM donoM hI sAmarthya na hoM vaha napuMsaka kahalAtA hai| kAlAdike ye lakSaNa anekAnta arthameM hI bana sakate hai| eka hI vastu vibhinna sAmagrIke milanepara ko rUpase pariNati kara sakatI hai| kAlAdike bhedase eka hI dravyakI nAnA paryAyeM ho sakatI haiM / sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya vastu meM aise pariNamanakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvathA nityameM utpAda aura vyaya tathA sarvathA kSaNikameM sthairya-dhrauvya nahIM hai| isa taraha kArakavyavasthA na honese vibhinna kArakoMmeM niSpanna SaTkArakI, strIliMgAdi liMga aura vacanabheda AdikI vyavasthA ekAntapakSameM sambhava nahIM hai| yaha zabdanaya vaiyAkaraNoMko zabdazAstrako siddhikA dArzanika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai, aura batAtA hai ki siddhi anekAntase hI ho sakatI hai| jaba taka vastuko anekAntAtmaka nahIM mAnoge, taba taka eka hI vartamAna paryAyameM vibhinnaliMgaka, vibhinnasaMkhyAka zabdoMkA prayoga nahIM kara sakoge, anyathA vyabhicAra doSa hogA / ataH usa eka paryAyameM bhI zabdabhedase arthabheda mAnanA hI hogaa| jo vaiyAkaraNa aisA nahIM mAnate unakA zabdabheda honepara bhI arthabheda na mAnanA zabdanayAbhAsa hai| unake matameM upasargabheda, anyapuruSakI jagaha madhyamapuruSa Adi puruSabheda, bhAvi aura vartamAnakriyAkA eka kArakase sambandha Adi samasta vyAkaraNako prakriyAe~ nirAdhAra evaM niviSayaka ho jaayeNgii| isIliye jainendra vyAkaraNake racayitA AcAryavayaM pUjyapAdane apane jainendravyAkaraNakA prArambha "siddhiranekAntAt" sUtrase aura AcArya hemacandrane hemazabdAnuzAsanakA prArambha "siddhi syAdvAdAt" sUtrase kiyA hai / ataH anya vaiyAkaraNoMkA pracalita krama zabdanayAbhAsa hai| samabhirUDha aura tadAbhAsa ekakAlavAcaka, ekaliMgaka tathA ekasaMkhyAka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiM / samabhirUDhanaya' una pratyeka paryAyavAcI zabdoMkA bhI arthabheda mAnatA hai| isa nayake abhiprAyase ekaliMgavAle indra, zakra aura purandara ina tIna zabdoMmeM pravRttinimittakI bhinnatA honese bhinnArthavAcakatA hai / zakra zabda zAsanakriyAkI apekSAse, indra zabda indana-aizvarya kriyAkI apekSAse aura purandara zabda pUraNa kriyAkI apekSAse, pravRtta huA hai / ataH tInoM zabda vibhinna avasthAoMke vAcaka hai / zabdanayameM ekaliMgavAle paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM arthanahIM thA, para samabhirUDhanaya pravRttinimittoMkI vibhinnatA honese paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bhI arthabheda mAnatA hai| yaha naya una kozakAroMko dArzanika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai, jinane eka hI rAjA yA pRthvIke aneka nAma 1. 'abhirUDhastu paryAya:'-laghI0 zlo0 44 / akalaGkagranthatrayaTi pR0 147 /
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________________ 324 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha paryAyavAcI zabda to prastuta kara diye haiM, para usa padArtha meM una paryAyazabdoMkI vAcyazakti judA-judA svIkAra nahIM kI / jisa prakAra eka artha aneka zabdoMkA vAcya nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra eka zabda aneka arthoMkA vAcaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA / eka gozabdake gyAraha artha nahIM ho sakate; usa zabda meM gyAraha prakArakI vAcakazakti mAnanA hI hogI / anyathA yadi vaha jisa zaktise pRthivIkA vAcaka hai usI zaktise gAyakA bhI vAcaka ho; to ekazaktika zabdase vAcya hone ke kAraNa pRthivI aura gAya donoM eka ho jAya~ge / ataH zabdameM vAcyabhedake hisAba se aneka vAcakazaktiyoMkI taraha padArtha meM bhI vAcakabhedakI apekSA aneka vAcakazaktiyA~ mAnanI hI cAhie / pratyeka zabdake vyutpattinimitta aura pravRttinimitta jude - jude hote haiM, unake anusAra vAcya - bhUta artha meM paryAyabheda yA zaktibheda mAnanA hI cAhiye / yadi ekarUpa hI padArtha ho; to usameM vibhinna kriyAoMse niSpanna aneka zabdoM kA prayoga hI nahIM ho sakegA / isa taraha samabhirUDhanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoMkI apekSA bhI arthabheda svIkAra karatA hai / paryAyavAcI zabdabheda mAnakara bhI arthabheda nahIM mAnanA samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa hai / jo mata padArthako ekAntarUpa mAnakara bhI aneka zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM unakI yaha mAnyatA tadAbhAsa hai / evambhUta aura tadAbhAsa evambhUtanaya', padArtha jisa samaya jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho usa samaya usI kriyAse niSpanna zabdako pravRtti svIkAra karatA hai / jisa samaya zAsana kara rahA ho usI samaya use zakra kaheMge, indana- kriyA ke samaya nahIM / jisa samaya ghaTana-kriyA ho rahI ho, usI samaya use ghaTa kahanA cAhiye, anya samaya meM nahIM / samabhi Dhanaya usa samaya kriyA ho yA na ho, para zaktikI apekSA anya zabdoM kA prayoga bhI svIkAra kara letA hai, parantu evambhUtanaya aisA nahIM karatA / kriyAkSaNa meM hI kAraka kahA jAya, anya kSaNameM nahIM / pUjA karate samaya pujArI kahA jAya, anya samayameM nahIM; aura pUjA karate samaya use anya zabdase bhI nahIM kahA jAya / isa taraha samabhirUDhanayake dvArA vartamAna paryAya meM zaktibheda mAnakara jo aneka paryAyazabdoMke prayogakI svIkRti thI, vaha isakI dRSTi meM nahIM hai / yaha to kriyAkA dhanI hai / vartamAna meM zaktikI abhivyakti dekhatA hai / tatkriyAkAlameM anya zabdakA prayoga karanA yA usa zabdakA prayoga nahIM karanA evambhUtAbhAsa hai / isa nayako vyavahArakI koI cintA nahIM hai / hA~, kabhI-kabhI isase bhI vyavahArakI aneka gutthiyA~ sulajha jAtI haiM / nyAyAdhIza jaba nyAyakI kurasIpara baiThatA hai tabhI nyAyAdhIza hai / anya kAlameM bhI yadi usake sirapara nyAyAdhIzatva savAra ho, to gRhasthI calanA kaThina ho jAya / ataH vyavahArako jo sarvanayasAdhya kahA hai, vaha ThIka hI kahA hai / naya uttarottara sUkSma aura alpaviSayaka haiN| ina nayoMmeM? uttarottara sUkSmatA aura alpaviSayatA hai / naigamanaya saMkalpagrAhI honese sat aura asat donoMko viSaya karatA hai, jabaki saMgrahanaya 'sat' taka hI sImita hai / naigamanaya bheda aura abheda donoMko gauNamukhyabhAvase viSaya karatA hai, jabaki saMgrahanayakI dRSTi kevala abhedapara hai, ataH naigamanaya mahAviSayaka aura sthUla hai, parantu saMgrahanaya alpaviSayaka aura sUkSma hai | sanmAtragrAhI saMgrahanayase sadvizeSagrAhI vyavahAra alpaviSayaka hai / saMgrahake dvArA saMgRhIta artha meM vyavahAra bheda karatA hai, ataH vaha alpaviSayaka hI ho jAtA hai / 1. 'yenAtmanA bhUtastenaivAdhyavasAyayati ityevambhUtaH / ' - sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 33 | akalaMkagranthatrayaTi0 pR0 147 / 2. ' evamete nayAH pUrvapUrvaviruddha mahAviSayA uttarottarAnUkUlAlpaviSayAH / ' - tattvArthavA0 136 /
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 325 vyavahAranaya dravyagrAhI aura trikAlavartI sadvizeSako viSaya karatA hai, ataH vartamAnakAlIna paryAyako grahaNa karanevAlA RjusUtra usase sUkSma ho hI jAtA hai| zabdabhedakI cintA nahIM karanevAle RjusUtranayase vartamAnakAlIna eka paryAyameM bhI zabdabhedase arthabhedakI cintA karanevAlA zabdanaya sUkSma hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bheda honepara bhI arthabheda na mAnanevAle zabdanayase paryAyavAcI zabdoM dvArA padArtha meM zaktibheda kalpanA karanevAlA samabhirUDhanaya sakSama hai| zabdaprayogameM kriyAkI cintA nahIM karanevAle samabhirUDhase kriyAkAlameM hI una zabdakA prayoga mAnanevAlA evambhUta sUkSmatama aura alpaviSayaka hai / arthanaya, zabdanaya ina sAta nayoMmeM RjusUtra paryanta cAra naya arthagrAhI honese arthanaya' hai / yadyapi naigamanaya, saMkalpagrAhI honese arthakI sImAse bAhira ho jAtA thA, para naMgamakA viSaya bheda aura abheda donoMko hI mAnakara use arthagrAhI kahA gayA hai / zabda Adi tIna naya padavidyA arthAta vyAkaraNazAstra-zabdazAstrakI sImA aura bhUmikA varNana karate haiM, ataH ye zabdanaya haiN| dravyAthika-paryAyAthika vibhAga naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna dravyAthika naya haiM aura RjusUtrAdi cAra naya paryAyAthika hai| prathamake tIna nayoMkI dravyapara dRSTi rahatI hai, jabaki zeSa cAra nayoMkA vartamAnakAlIna paryAyapara hI vicAra cAla hotA hai / yadyapi vyavahAranayameM bheda pradhAna hai aura bhedako bhI kahIM-kahIM paryAya kahA hai, parantu vyavahAranaya ekadravyagata UrdhvatAsAmAnyameM kAlika paryAyoMkA antima bheda nahIM karatA, usakA kSetra anekadravyameM bheda karanekA mukhyarUpase hai / vaha ekadravyakI paryAyoMme bheda karake bhI antima ekakSaNavartI paryAya taka nahIM pahu~ca pAtA, ataH ise zuddha paryAyAthika meM zAmila nahIM kiyA hai / jaise ki naMgamanaya kabhI paryAyako aura kabhI dravya ko viSaya karaneke kAraNa ubhayAvalambI hone meM dravyArthikameM hI antarbhUta hai usI taraha vyavahAranaya bhI bhedapradhAna hokara bhI dravyako viSaya karatA hai, ataH vaha bhI dravyAthikakI hI somAmeM hai / RjusUtrAdi cAra naya to spaSTa hI ekasamayavartI paryAyako sAmane rakhakara vicAra calAte haiM, ataH paryAyAthika haiN| A0 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa RjusUtrako bhI dravyAthika mAnate haiM / nizcaya aura vyavahAra adhyAtmazAstrameM nayoMke nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye do bheda prasiddha hai| nizcayanayako bhatArtha aura vyavahAranayako abhatArtha bhI vahIM batAyA hai| jisa prakAra advaitavAdameM pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika do rUpameM aura zanyavAda yA vijJAnavAdameM paramArtha aura sAMvRta do rUpameM yA upanipadoMmeM sUkSma aura sthUla do rUpoMmeM tattvake varNanakI paddhati dekhI jAtI hai usI taraha jaina adhyAtmameM bhI nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina do prakAroMko apanAyA hai / antara itanA hai ki jaina adhyAtmakA nizcayanaya vAstavika sthitiko upAdAnake AdhArase pakar3atA hai; vaha anya padArthoke astitvakA niSedha nahIM karatA; jaba ki vedAnta yA vijJAnAdvaitakA paramArtha anya -siddhivi0 / laghI0 zlo0 72 / 1. 'catvAro'rthAzrayAH zeSAstrayaM zabdataH / 2. vizeSA0 gA0 75,77,2262 / 3. samayasAra gA0 11 /
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________________ 326 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha padArthoM ke astitvako hI samApta kara detA hai / buddhakI dharmadezanAko paramArthasatya aura lokasaM vRtisatya ina do rUpase' ghaTAnekA bhI prayatna huA hai / nizcayanaya paranirapekSa svabhAvakA varNana karatA hai| jina paryAyoMmeM 'para' nimitta par3a jAtA hai unheM vaha zuddha svakIya nahIM khtaa| parajanya paryAyoMko 'para' mAnatA hai| jaise-jIvake rAgAdi bhAvoMmeM yadyapi AtmA svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, vahI rAgarUpase pariNati karatA hai, parantu cUMki ye bhAva karmanimittaka hai, ataH inheM vaha apane AtmAke nijarUpa nahIM mAnatA / anya AtmAoM aura jagatake samasta ajIvoMko to vaha apanA mAna hI nahIM sakatA, kintu jina AtmavikAsake sthAnoM meM parakA thor3A bhI nimittatva hotA hai unheM vaha 'para' ke khAte meM hI khatayA detA hai| isIliye samayasArameM jaba AtmAke varNa, rasa, sparza Adi prasiddha pararUpoMkA niSedha kiyA hai to usI jhoMkameM guNasthAna Adi paranimittaka svadharmoMkA bhI niSedha kara diyA gayA haiN| dUsare zabdoMmeM nizcayanaya apane mUla lakSya yA AdarzakA khAlisa varNana karanA cAhatA hai, jisase sAdhakako bhrama na ho aura vaha bhaTaka na jAya / isaliye AtmAkA naizcayika varNana karate samaya zuddha jJAyaka rUpa hI AtmAkA svarUpa prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / bandha aura rAgAdiko bhI usI eka 'para' koTimeM DAla diyA hai jisameM pudgala Adi prakaTa parapadArtha par3e hue haiM / vyavahAranaya parasAkSepa paryAyoMko grahaNa karanevAlA hotA hai| paradravya to svatantra haiM, ataH unheM to apanA kahanekA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| adhyAtmazAstrakA uddezya hai ki vaha sAdhakako yaha spaSTa batA de ki tumhArA gantavya sthAna kyA hai ? tumhArA parama dhyeya aura carama lakSya kyA ho sakatA hai ? bIcake par3Ava tumhAre sAdhya nahIM hai / tumheM to unase bahuta U~ce uThakara parama svAvalambI bananA hai| lakSyakA do Taka varNana kiye binA mohI jIva bhaTaka hI jAtA hai / sAdhakako una svopAdAnaka, kintu paranimittaka vibhUti yA vikAroMse usI taraha alipta rahanA Upara uThanA hai, jisa taraha ki vaha strI, patrAdi paracetana tathA ghana-dhAnyAdi para acetana padArthoMse nAtA tor3akara svAvalambI mArga pakar3atA hai| yadyapi yaha sAdhakakI bhAvanA mAtra hai, para ise A0 kundakundane dArzanika AdhAra pakar3AyA hai| ve usa lokavyavahArako heya mAnate haiM, jisameM aMzataH bhI parAvalambana ho| kintu yaha dhyAna meM rakhanekI bAta hai ki ye satyasthitikA apalApa nahIM karanA cAhate / ve likhate haiM ki 'jIvake pariNAmoMko nimitta pAkara pudgaladravya karmaparyAyako prApta hote haiM aura una karmoM ke nimittase jIvameM rAgAdi pariNAma hote hai, yadyapi donoM apane-apane pariNAmoMmeM upAdAna hote haiM, para ve pariNamana parasparahetUka-anyonyanimittaka haiN|' unhoMne "aNNoNNaNimittaNa" padase isI bhAvakA samarthana kiyA hai| yAnI kArya upAdAna aura nimitta donoM sAmagrIse hotA hai| isa tathyakA ve apalApa nahIM karake usakA vivecana karate haiM aura jagatake usa ahaMkAramalaka naimittika 1. dve samupAzritya buddhAnAM dharmadezanA / lokasaMvRtisatyaM ca satyaM ca paramArthataH // ' -mAdhyamikakArikA, AryasatyaparIkSA, zlo0 / 2. 'Neva ya jIvaTTANA Na guNaTThANA ya atthi jIvassa / jeNa du ede savve puggaladavvassa pajjAyA // 55 // -samayasAra / 3. 'jIvavariNAmahedaM kammattaM puggalA pariNamaMti / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvovi pariNamai / / 8 / / Na vi kuvvai kammaguNe jIvo kammaM taheva jIvaguNe / aNNoNNaNimittaNa du pariNAma jANa doNhaM pi // 8 // ' -samayasAra
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 327 kattRtvakA kharA vizleSaNa karake kahate haiM ki batAo 'kumhArane ghar3A banAyA' isameM kumhArane Akhira kyA kiyA ? yaha sahI hai ki kumhArako ghar3A banAnekI icchA huI, usane upayoga lagAyA aura yoga-arthAt hAtha-paira hilAye, kintu 'ghaTa' paryAya to Akhira miTTI meM hI utpanna huii| yadi kumhArakI icchA, jJAna aura prayatna hI ghaTake antima utpAdaka hote to unase reta yA pattharameM bhI ghar3A utpanna ho jAnA cAhiye thaa| Akhira vaha miTTIkI upAdAnayogyatApara hI nirbhara karatA hai, vahI yogyatA ghaTAkAra bana jAtI hai / yaha ThIka hai ki kumhArake jJAna, icchA aura prayatnake nimitta bane binA miTTIkI yogyatA vikasita nahIM ho sakatI thI, para itane nimittamAtrase hama upAdAnakI nijayogyatAkI vibhUtikI upekSA nahIM kara sakate / isa nimittakA ahaMkAra to dekhie ki jisameM raMcamAtra bhI isakA aMza nahIM jAtA, arthAt na to kumhArakA jJAna miTTImeM pha~satA hai, na icchA aura na prayatna, phira bhI vaha 'kumbhakAra' kahalAtA hai ! kumbhake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi miTTIse hI utpanna hote hai, usakA eka bhI guNa kumhArane upajAyA nahIM hai| kumhArakA eka bhI guNa miTTImeM pahu~cA nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha sarvAdhikArI banakara 'kumbhakAra' honekA durabhimAna karatA hai ! rAga, dveSa AdikI sthiti yadyapi vibhinna prakArakI hai; kyoMki isameM AtmA svayaM rAga aura dveSa Adi paryAyoM rUpase pariNata hotA hai| phira bhI yahAM ve vizleSaNa karate haiM ki batAo to sa AtmA inameM upAdAna banatA hai ? yadi siddha aura zuddha AtmA rAgAdimeM upAdAna banane lage to maktikA kyA svarUpa raha jAtA hai ? ataH inameM upAdAna rAgAdiparyAyase viziSTa AtmA hI banatA hai, dUsare zabdoMmeM rAgAdise hI rAgAdi hote haiN| nizcayanaya jIva aura karmake anAdi bandhanase inakAra nahIM krtaa| para usa baMdhanakA vizleSaNa karatA hai ki jaba do svataMtra dravya haiM to inakA saMyoga hI to ho sakatA hai, tAdAtmya nahIM / kevala saMyoga to aneka dravyoMse isa AtmAkA sadA hI rahanevAlA hai, kevala vaha hAnikAraka nahIM hotA / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla tathA anya aneka AtmAoMse isakA sambandha barAbara maujUda hai, para usase isake svarUpameM koI vikAra nahIM hotA / siddhi zilApara vidyamAna siddhAtmAoMke sAtha vahA~ke pudgala paramANuoMkA saMyoga hai ho, para itane mAtrase unameM bandhana nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na usa saMyogase siddhoMmeM rAgAdi hI utpanna hote haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki zuddha AtmA parasaMyogarUpa nimittake rahanepara bhI rAgAdimeM upAdAna nahIM hotA aura na para nimitta usameM balAt rAgAdi utpanna ho kara sakate haiM / hameM socanA UparakI taraphase hai ki jo hamArA vAstavika svarUpa bana sakatA hai, jo hama ho sakate haiM, vaha svarUpa kyA rAgAdimeM upAdAna hotA hai ? nIcekI orase nahIM socanA hai; kyoMki anAdikAlase to azuddha AtmA rAgAdimeM upAdAna bana hI rahA hai aura usameM rAgAdikI paramparA barAbara cAla hai| ataH nizcayanayako yaha kahane ke sthAnameM ki 'maiM zuddha hU~, abaddha hU~, aspRSTa hU~; yaha kahanA cAhiye ki 'maiM zuddha, abaddha aura aspRSTa ho sakatA huuN|' kyoMki Aja taka to usane AtmAkI isa zuddha Adarza dazAkA anubhava kiyA hI nahIM hai / balki anAdikAlase rAgAdipaMkameM hI vaha lipta rahA hai ! yaha nizcita to isa AdhArapara kiyA jA rahA hai ki jaba do svatantra dravya haiM, taba unakA saMyoga bhale hI anAdi ho, para vaha TUTa sakatA hai, aura vaha TUTegA to apane paramArtha svarUpakI prAptikI ora lakSya karanese / isa zaktikA nizcaya bhI dravyakA svatantra astitva mAnakara ho to kiyA jA sakatA hai / anAdi azuddha AtmAmeM zuddha honekI zakti hai, vaha zuddha ho sakatA hai| yaha zakyatA-bhaviSyatkA hI to vicAra hai / hamArA bhUta aura vartamAna azaddha 1. jIvoM Na karedi ghaDaM va paDa va sesage dabve / joguvaogA uppAdagA ya tesi havadi kattA // 10 // ' smysaar|
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________________ 328 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha hai, phira bhI nizcayanaya hamAre ujjvala bhaviSya kI ora, kalpanAse nahIM, vastuke AdhArase dhyAna dilAtA hai / usI tattvako AcArya kundakunda bar3I sundaratAse kahate haiM ki 'kAma, bhoga aura bandhakI kathA sabhIko zruta, paricita aura anubhUta hai, para vibhakta - zuddha AtmAke ekatvakI upalabdhi sulabha nahIM hai / ' kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha AtmAkA svarUpa saMsArI jIvoMko kevala zrutapUrva hai arthAt usake sunanemeM hI kadAcit AyA ho, para na to usane kabhI isakA paricaya pAyA hai aura na kabhI isane usakA anubhava hI kiyA hai / A0 kundakunda ( samayasAra gA0 5 ) apane AtmavizvAsa se bharosA dilAte haiM ki 'maiM apanI samasta sAmarthya aura buddhikA vibhava lagAkara use dikhAtA huuN|' phira bhI ve thor3I kacAIkA anubhava karake yaha bhI kaha dete haiM ki 'yadi cUka jAU~, to chala nahIM mAnanA / ' dravya kA zuddha lakSaNa unakA eka hI dRSTikoNa hai ki dravyakA svarUpa vahI ho sakatA hai jo dravyakI pratyeka paryAya meM vyApta hotA / yadyapi dravya kisI-na-kisI paryAyako prApta hotA hai aura hogA, para eka paryAya dUsarI paryAya meM to nahIM pAI jA sakatI aura isaliye dravyakI koI bhI paryAya dravyase abhinna hokara bhI dravyakA zuddharUpa nahIM kahI jA sakatI / aba Apa AtmAke svarUpapara kramazaH vicAra kIjie / varNaM, rasa Adi to spaSTa pudgalake guNa haiM ve pudgalakI hI paryAyeM haiM aura unameM pudgala hI upAdAna hotA hai, ataH ve AtmAke svarUpa nahIM ho sakate. yaha bAta nirvivAda hai / rAgAdi samasta vikAroMmeM yadyapi apane pariNAmIsvabhAva ke kAraNa AtmA hI upAdAna hotA hai, usakI virAgatA hI bigar3akara rAga banatI hai, usIkA samyaktva bigar3akara mithyAtvarUpa ho jAtA hai, para ve virAgatA aura samyaktva bhI AtmAke trikAlAnuyAyI zuddha rUpa nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki ve nigoda Adi avasthA meM tathA siddha avasthA meM nahIM pAye jAte . samyagdarzana Adi guNasthAna bhI una-una paryAyoM ke nAma haiM jo ki trikAlAnuyAyI nahIM haiM, unakI sattA mithyAtva Adi avasthAoM meM tathA siddha avasthA meM nahIM rahatI / inameM parapadArtha nimitta par3atA hai / kisI-na-kisI para karmakA upazama, kSaya yA kSayopazama usameM nimitta hotA hI hai / kevalI avasthA meM jo anantajJAnAdi guNa prakaTa hue haiM ve ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSayase utpanna hue haiM aura aghAtiyA karmoMkA udaya unake jIvanaparyanta banA hI rahatA hai / yogajanya caMcalatA unake AtmapradezoM meM hai hI / ataH paranimittaka honese ye bhI zuddha dravyakA svarUpa nahIM kahe jA sakate | caudahaveM guNasthAnako pAra karake jo siddha avasthA vaha zuddha dravyakA aisA svarUpa to hai jo prathamakSaNabhAvI siddha avasthAse lekara Ageke anantakAla takake samasta bhaviSyameM anuyAyI hai, usameM koI bhI paranimittaka vikAra nahIM A sakatA, kintu vaha saMsArI dazAmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA / eka trikAlAnuyAyI svarUpa hI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai, aura vaha hai-zuddha jJAyaka rUpa, caitanya rUpa / inameM jJAyaka rUpa bhI parapadArtha ke jAnanerUpa upAdhikI apekSA rakhatA hai / trikAlavyApI 'cit' hI lakSaNa ho sakatI hai ataH kevala 'cit' rUpa hI aisA bacatA hai jo bhaviSyat meM to prakaTarUpase vyApta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI atIta kI pratyeka paryAyameM cAhe vaha nigoda jaisI atyalpajJAnavAlI avasthA ho aura kevalajJAna jaisI samagra vikasita avasthA ho, sabameM nirvivAdarUpase pAyA jAtA hai / 'cit' rUpakA abhAva kabhI bhI Atmadravya meM na rahA hai, na hai aura na hogA / vahI aMza dravaNazIla honese dravya kahA jA sakatA hai aura alakSyase vyAvartaka 1. sudaparicidANubhUdA savvassavi kAmabhogabaMdhakahA / eyattassuvalaMbho Navari Na sulaho vibhattassa // - samayasAra gA0 4 /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 329 hone ke kAraNa lakSavyApI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai / yaha zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki 'siddha avasthA bhI apanI pUrvI saMsArI nigoda Adi avasthAoMmeM nahIM pAI jAtI, ataH vaha zuddhadravyakA lakSaNa nahIM ho sakatI', kyoMki yahA~ siddhaparyAyako lakSaNa nahIM banAyA jA rahA hai, lakSaNa to vaha dravya hai jo siddhaparyAya meM pahalI bAra vikasita huA hai aura cUMki usa avasthAse lekara AgekI anantakAlabhAvI samasta avasthAoM meM kabhI bhI paranimittaka kisI bhI anya pariNamanakI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH vaha 'cit' aMza hI dravyakA yathArtha paricAyaka hotA hai / zuddha aura azuddha vizeSaNa bhI usameM nahIM lagate, kyoMki ve usa akhaNDa citkA vibhAga kara dete haiM / isaliye kahA ' hai ki maiM arthAt 'cit' na to pramatta hai aura na apramatta, na to azuddha hai aura na zuddha, vaha to kevala 'jJAyaka' hai / hA~, usa zuddha aura vyApaka 'cit' kA prathama vikAsa mukta avasthAmeM hI hotA hai / isIliye AtmAke vikArI rAgAdibhAvoMkI taraha karmake udaya, upazama, kSayopazama aura kSayase honevAle bhAvoMko bhI anAdi-ananta sampUrNa dravyavyApI na honese AtmAkA svarUpa yA lakSaNa nahIM mAnA gayA aura unheM bhI varNAdikI taraha parabhAva kaha diyA gayA hai / na kevala una avyApaka paranimittaka rAgAdi vikArI bhAvoMko para bhAva' hI kahA gayA hai, kintu pudgalanimittaka honese 'pudgalakI paryAya taka kaha diyA gayA hai / tAtparya itanA hI hai ki ye saba bIcakI maMjileM haiN| AtmA apane ajJAnake kAraNa una-una paryAyoMko dhAraNa avazya karatA hai, para ye saba zuddha aura mUlabhUta dravya nahIM haiM / AtmAke isa trikAlavyApI svarUpako AcAryane isIliye abaddha, aspRSTa, ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura asaMyukta vizeSaNoMse vyakta kiyA hai / yAnI eka aisI 'cit' hai jo anAdikAla se anantakAla taka apanI pravahamAna maulika sattA rakhatI hai / usa akhaMDa 'cit' ko hama na nigodarUpameM, na nArakAdi paryAyoMmeM, na pramatta, apramatta Adi guNasthAnoMmeM, na kevalajJAnAdi kSAyika bhAvoM meM aura na ayogakevalI avasthA meM hI sImita kara sakate haiM / usakA yadi darzana kara sakate haiM to nirupAdhi, zuddha, siddha avasthAmeM / vaha mUlabhUta 'cit' anAdikAlase apane pariNAmI svabhAva ke kAraNa vikArI pariNamanameM par3I huI hai / yadi vikArakA kAraNa parabhAvasaMsarga haTa jAya, to vahI nikharakara nirmala, nirlepa aura khAlisa zuddha bana sakatI hai / tAtparya yaha ki hama zuddha nizcayanayase usa 'cit' kA yadi rAgAdi azuddha avasthAmeM yA guNasthAnoMkI zuddhAzuddha avasthAoM meM darzana karanA cAhate haiM to ina sabase dRSTi haTAkara hameM usa mahAvyApaka mUladravyapara dRSTi le jAnI hogI aura usa samaya kahanA hI hogA ki 'ye rAgAdi bhAva AtmAke yAnI zuddha AtmAke nahIM haiM, ye to vinAzI haiM, vaha avinAzI anAdyananta tattva to judA hI hai / samayasArakA zuddha naya isI mUlatattvapara dRSTi rakhatA hai / vaha vastuke pariNamanakA niSedha nahIM karatA aura na usa citke rAgAdi paryAyoMmeM rulanekA pratiSedhaka hI hai / kintu vaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki 'anAdikAlIna azuddha kiTTa- kAlimA Adise vikRta bane hue isa sone meM bhI usa 100 TaMcake sonekI zaktirUpase vidyamAna AbhAra ekabAra dRSTi to do, tumheM isa kiTTa kAlimA AdimeM jo pUrNa suvarNatvakI buddhi ho rahI hai, vaha apane-Apa haTa jAyagI / isa zuddha svarUpapara lakSya diye binA kabhI usakI prAptiko dizAmeM prayatna 1. " Na vi hodi appamatto Na pamatto jANago du jo bhAvo / evaM bhaNaMti suddhaM NAo jo so 9. " jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuTThe aNaNNayaM NiyadaM / ayisesamasaMjuttaM 4-42 taM suddhaNayaM u so ceva || 6 || " viyANIhi // 14 // ! " samayasAra / -samayasAra /
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________________ 330 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ve abaddha aura aspRSTa yA asaMyukta vizeSaNase yaho dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki AtmAkI baddha, spaSTa aura saMyukta avasthAe~ bIca kI haiM, ye unakA trikAlavyApI mUla svarUpa nahIM haiN| usa eka 'cit' kA jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpase vibhAjana yA usakA vizeSarUpase kathana karanA bhI eka prakArakA vyavahAra hai, vaha kevala samajhane-samajhAneke liye hai| Apa jJAnako yA darzanako yA cAritrako bhI zuddha AtmAkA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki ye saba usa 'cit' ke aMza haiM aura usa akhaMDa tattvako khaMDa-khaMDa karanevAle vizeSa hai / vaha 'cit' to ina vizeSoMse pare 'avizeSa' hai, 'ananya' hai aura 'niyata' hai / AcArya AtmavizvAsase kahate haiM ki 'jisane isako jAna liyA usane samasta jinazAsanako jAna liyaa|' nizcayakA varNana asAdhAraNa lakSaNakA kathana hai darzanazAstrameM AtmabhUta lakSaNa usa asAdhAraNa dharmako kahate hai jo samasta lakSyoMmeM vyApta ho tathA alakSyameM bilakula na pAyA jAya / jo lakSaNa lakSyameM nahIM pAyA jAtA vaha asambhavi lakSaNAbhAsa kahalAtA hai, jo lakSya aura alakSya donoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai vaha ativyApta lakSaNAbhAsa hai aura jo lakSyake eka dezameM rahatA hai vaha avyApta lakSaNAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai / AtmadravyakA AtmabhUta lakSaNa karate samaya hama ina tInoM doSoM kA parihAra karake jaba nirdoSa lakSaNa khojate hai to kevala 'cit' ke sivAya dUsarA koI pakar3ameM nahIM AtA / varNAdi to spaSTatayA pudgalake dharma hai, ataH varNAdi to jIvameM asaMbhava hai| rAgAdi vibhAvaparyAya tathA kevalajJAnAdi svabhAvaparyAyeM, jinameM bhAtmA svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, samasta AtmAoMmeM vyApaka nahIM honese avyApta hai| ataH kevala 'cit' hI aisA svarUpa hai, jo pudgalAdi alakSyoMmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA aura lakSyabhUta sabhI AtmAoMmeM anAdyananta byApta rahatA hai| isaliye 'cit' hI Atma dravyakA svarUpabhUta lakSaNa ho sakatI hai| yadyapi yahI 'cita' pramatta, apramatta, nara, nArakAdi sabhI avasthAoMko prApta hotI hai, para nizcayase ve paryAya AtmAkA vyApaka lakSaNa nahIM bana sktiiN| isI vyApyavyApakabhAvako lakSyameM rakhakara aneka azuddha avasthAoMmeM bhI zuddha Atmadravyako pahicAna karAne ke liye AcAryane zuddha nayakA avalambana kiyA hai| isIliye 'zuddha cit' kA samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi rUpase vibhAga bhI unheM iSTa nahIM hai / ve eka anirvacanIya akhaNDa citko hI Atmadravyake sthAnameM rakhate haiM / AcAryane isa lakSaNabhUta 'cit' ke sivAya jitane bhI varNAdi aura rAgAdi lakSaNAbhAsa haiM, unakA parabhAva kahakara niSedha kara diyA hai| isI dRSTise nizcayanayako paramArtha aura vyavahAranayako abhUtArtha bhI kahA hai / abhUtArthakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki AtmAmeM rAgAdi hai hI nahIM, kintu jisa trikAlavyApI dravyarUpa citako hama lakSaNa banA rahe haiM usameM inheM zAmila nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| varNAdi aura rAgAdiko vyavahAranayakA viSaya kahakara eka hI jhokameM niSedha kara denese yaha bhrama sahajameM hI ho sakatA hai ki 'jisa prakAra rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi pudgalake dharma hai usI taraha rAgAdi bhI padagalake hI dharma hoMge, aura pudgalanimittaka honese inheM padamalakI paryAya kahA bhI hai|' isa bhramake nivAraNa 1. 'vavahAreNuvadissai NANissa caritta dasaNaM NANaM / Na vi NANaM ca carittaM Na daMsaNaM jANago zuddho // 7||'-smysaar /
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 331 ke liye nizcayanayake do bheda bhI zAstroMmeM dekhe jAte haiM -eka zuddhanizcayanaya aura dUsarA azuddhanizcayanaya / zuddha nizcayanayakI dRSTimeM 'zuddha cit' hI jIvakA svarUpa hai / azuddha nizcayanaya AtmAke azuddha rAgAdibhAvoMko bhI jIvake hI kahatA hai, pudgalake nahIM / vyavahAranaya sadbhUta aura asadbhUta donoMmeM upacarita aura anapacarita aneka prakArase pravatti karatA hai| samayasArake TIkAkAroMne apanI TIkAoM meM varNAdi aura rAgAdiko vyavahAra aura azuddhanizcayanayakI dRSTise hI vicAranekA saMketa kiyA hai / paMcAdhyAyIkA naya-vibhAga paMcAdhyAyIkAra abhedagrAhIko dravyArthika aura nizcayanaya kahate haiM tathA kisI bhI prakArake bhedako grahaNa karanevAle nayako paryAyArthika aura vyavahAranaya kahate haiM / inake matase nizcayanayake zuddha aura azuddha bheda karanA hI galata hai / ye vastuke sadbhUta bhedako vyavahAranayakA hI viSaya mAnate haiM / akhaNDa vastumeM kisI bhI prakArakA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva AdikI dRSTise honevAlA bheda paryAyAthika yA vyavahAranayakA viSaya hotA hai / inakI dRSTi meM samayasAragata paranimittaka-vyavahAra hI nahIM; kintu svagata bheda bhI vyavahAranayakI sImAmeM hI hotA hai| vyavahAranayake do bheda haiM-eka sadbhuta vyavahAranaya aura asadbhUta vyavahAranaya / vastumeM apane guNoMkI dRSTise bheda karanA sadbhUta vyavahAra hai / anya dravyake guNoMkI balapUrvaka anyatra yojanA karanA asadbhUta vyavahAra hai / jaise varNAdivAle mUrta pudgalakamaMdravyake saMyogase honevAle krodhAdi mUrtabhAvoMko jIvake kahanA / yahA~ krodhAdimeM jo pudgaladravyake matatvakA Aropa kiyA gayA hai-yaha asadbhuta hai aura guNa-guNIkA jo bheda vivakSita hai vaha vyavahAra hai / sadbhUta aura asadbhUta vyavahAra donoM hI upacarita aura anupacaritake bhedase do-do prakArake hote hai / 'jJAna jIvakA hai' yaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya haiM tathA 'arthavikalpAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai aura vahI jIvakA guNa hai' yaha upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / isameM jJAnameM arthavikalpAtmakatA upacarita hai aura guNa-guNIkA bheda vyavahAra hai| ___ anagAradharmAmRta ( adhyAya 1 zlo0 104"") AdimeM jo 'kevalajJAna jIvakA hai' yaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAra tathA 'matijJAna jIvakA hai' yaha upacarita sadbhUta vyavahArakA udAharaNa diyA hai| usameM yaha dRSTi hai ki zuddha guNakA kathana anupacarita tathA azuddha guNakA kathana upacarita hai / anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya 'abuddhi pUrvaka' honevAle krodhAdi bhAvoMko jIvakA kahatA hai aura upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya udayameM Aye hue arthAt prakaTa anubhavameM AnevAle krodhAdibhAvoMko jIvake kahatA hai / pahalemeM vaibhAvikI zaktikA AtmAse abheda mAnA hai / anagAradharmAmRtameM 'zarIra merA hai' yaha anupacati asadbhUta vyavahArakA tathA 'deza merA hai' yaha upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranayakA udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai| paMcAdhyAyIkAra kisI dUsare dravyake guNakA dUsare dravyameM Aropa karanA nayAbhAsa mAnate haiN| jaisevarNAdiko jIvake kahanA, zarIrako jIvakA kahanA, mUrtakarma vyoMkA kartA aura bhoktA jIvako mAnanA, dhana 1. dekho,-dravyasaMgraha gA0 4 / 2. 'azuddhanizcayastu vastuto yadyapi dravyakarmApekSayA AbhyantararAgAdayazcetanA iti matvA nizcayasaMjJAM labhate tathApi zaddhanizcayanayApekSayA vyavahAra eva iti vyAkhyAnaM nizcayavyavahAranayavicArakAle sarvatra jJAtavyam |'-smysaar tAtparyavRtti gA0 73 / 3. paMcAdhyAyI za659-61 / 4. paMcAdhyAyI za525 se /
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________________ 332 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha dhAnya, strI AdikA bhoktA aura kartA jovako mAnanA, jJAna aura jJeyameM bodhyabodhaka sambandha honese jJAnako jJeyagata mAnanA Adi ye saba nayAbhAsa haiN| samayasArameM to eka zuddha dravyako nizcayanayakA viSaya mAnakara bAkI paranimittaka svabhAva yA parabhAva sabhIko vyavahArake gaDDhe meM DAlakara unheM heya aura abhUtArtha kahA hai| eka bAta dhyAnameM rakhane kI hai ki naigamAdinayoMkA vivecana vastusvarUpakI mImAMmA karanekI dRSTise hai jaba ki samayasAragata nayoMkA varNana adhyAtmabhAvanAko paripuSTakara heya aura upAdeyake vicArase mokSamArgameM lagAneke lakSyase hai|