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________________ mithilA aura jainamata DA. upendra ThAkura magadha vizvavidyAlaya, bodhagayA bauddhadharma ke itihAsa meM mithilA (uttara vihAra) kI jo mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai, vahI jainadharma ke itihAsa meM bhI rahI hai / isa deza meM mithilA jaise kama kSetra haiM jinheM bauddhoM aura jainiyoM-donoM kA eka-sA sammAna prApta huA ho / jainiyoM ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra vaizAlI ke hI eka sambhrAnta parivAra meM paidA hue the aura unhoMne jIvana ke prArambhika varSa vahIM bitAye the| vaizAlI prAcIna kAla meM mithilA kA hI eka abhinna aMga thI, kintu kheda kI bAta yaha hai ki brAhmaNa granthoM aura paramparAoM meM vaizAlI kI upekSA kI gayI hai aura hindU dharma ke itihAsa meM kahIM bhI aisI koI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai jo isa kSetra se sambandhita ho| prasiddha cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga jaba sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ AyA thA, to usane isa sthAna meM aneka dhvaMsAvaziSTa hindU mandira, bauddha maTha aura jaina pratiSThAna dekhe the jahA~ kAphI saMkhyA meM nigraMnya saMnyAsI nivAsa karate the| Azcarpa to yaha hai ki isake bAvajUda bhI Adhunika kAla meM pAvApurI athavA campA (bhAgalapura) ko bhAMti vaizAlI na to jainiyoM kA tIrtha-sthala hI bana sakI aura na hI kisI ne aba taka yahA~ jaina purAtAtvika avazeSoM ko khoja karane ko hI ceSTA kI hai / purAtattvavidoM ne to isa dizA meM ghora udAsInatA dikhAyI hai / unhoMne Aja taka hvenasAMga-jaise bauddha yAtriyoM ke dvArA prastuta vivaraNoM tathA bauddha granthoM meM varNita bauddha tIrtha-sthaloM evaM purAtAtvika avazeSoM kI khoja meM ho apanA samaya lagAyA hai aura jana pakSa ko ghora upekSA kI hai| aba taka basAr3ha (vaizAlI) ko jainadharma kI janma-sthalI siddha karane meM hI ve lage rahe jabaki isake samarthana meM hameM paryApta sAhityika sAkSya milate haiM jo apane Apa meM pUrNa mAne jA sakate haiN| prastuta nibandha meM hama una purAtAtvika evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM para vicAra kareMge jinase mithilA (uttara bihAra) meM jainadharma ke utthAna aura vikAsa para prakAza par3atA hai / . bhArata ke itihAsa meM vaizAlI kA sthAna eka zaktizAlI evaM suniyojita gaNataMtra aura dhArmika AndolanoM ke eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa kendra ke rUpa meM kAphI U~cA hai / licchavi gaNataMtra kI pavitra bhUmi tathA videha gaNarAjya kI rAjadhAnI-vaizAlI-bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pavitra janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM chaThI sadI I0 pUrva meM hamAre samakSa AtI hai / unake pitA siddhArtha jJAtaka vaMza ke pradhAna the aura unakI patnI kA nAma trizalA thA jo vaizAlI ke rAjA cetaka kI bahana thii| use 'vaidehI' athavA 'videhadattA' bhI kahate haiM kyoMki vaha videha (mithilA) ke rAjavaMza kI tho| isIlie mahAvIra 'videha', 'vaidehadattA', videhajAtye' tathA 'videhasukumAra ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai| ve vaizAlika to the hii| phalataH mahAvIra jahA~ eka ora vaizAlo ke nivAsI (pita-pakSa se) the, vahIM dUsarI ora videha athavA mithilA ke nAgarika (mAtR-pakSa se) bhI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra para mithilA kA adhikAra kahIM adhika thA, kyoMki unake vyaktitva evaM caritra-nirmANa meM isa ko sarvAdhika dena thI, jisake phalasvarUpa kucha hI varSoM meM jainamata tathA AdhyAtmika anuzAsana evaM saMnyAsa ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM vaizAlo ko khyAti samasta uttara bhArata meM phailii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke atirikta, bArahaveM tIrthakara vAsupUjya kA bhI campApura (bhAgalapura, jo usa samaya videha kA hI aMga thA) meM nirvANa prApta huA thA tathA ikkIsaveM tIrthakara naminAtha kA janma bhI mithilA meM hI huA thaa| svaya mahAvIra ne vaizAlI meM bAraha tathA mithilA meM chaha varSA-vAsa bitAye the| . 40
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________________ khaNDa 318 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda graMtha isI prakAra buddha ke jIvana kAla meM bhI licchavi, malla tathA kAzI- kosala ke rAjya hI mahAvIra tathA anya nirgrantha anuyAyiyoM ke kArya kSetra the / bauddha granthoM se bhI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki rAjagRha, nAlandA, vaizAlI tathA pAvApurI aura sAvatthI (zrAvastI) bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyiyoM ke samasta dhArmika kAryoM ke kSetra the / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaizAlI meM mahAvIra ke bahuta se licchavi aura videha samarthaka the| unake kucha anuyAyI samAja ke kAphI ucca varga ke the / 'vinayapiTaka' ke anusAra, licchavi senApati 'siMha' pahale mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the, bAda meM bauddha ho gaye / pA~ca sau licchaviyoM kI sabhA meM saccaka nAma ke eka nigaNTha (nirgrantha) ne buddha ko dArzanika siddhAntoM ko carcA karate samaya cunautI dI thI / bauddha granthoM meM prApta aneka dRSTAntoM se patA calatA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM vaizAlI aura videha ke nAgarikoM para mahAvIra kA kitanA adhika prabhAva thA / jainiyoM kA mata ki videha athavA mithilA bho jaina Arya dezoM kA hI eka abhinna aMga thI kyoMki yahIM vitthayaroM, gavakavaTThiyoM, baladevoM aura vAsudevoM kA janma huA thA, yahIM siddhi milI thI aura unake upadezoM ke phalasvarUpa ina kSetroM ke aneka nAgarikoM ne saMnyAsa lekara jJAna-prApti kI thii| isa prakAra bhArata ke dhArmika kSetra meM vaizAlI kI khyAti bahuta pahale hI phaila cukI thI aura mahAvIra dvArA dIkSita vahA~ ke dharmopadezaka apanI sadAcArita evaM AnuzAsanika kaTTaratA ke phalasvarUpa tatkAlIna samAja meM dUra-dUra taka khyAti prApta kara cuke the / vaizAlI kI isI khyAti ke phalasvarUpa 'gurU' kI khoja meM siddhArtha ( bodhisatva) vahA~ pahu~ce the aura vahA~ ke khyAtilabdha sAdhaka AlAra - kalAma se dIkSita hue | AlAra-kalAma ke sambandha meM aisI janazruti hai ki "vaha apanI sAdhanA meM itane Age bar3ha cuke the ki mArga para baiThe rahane para yadi 500 bailagAr3iyA~ unake bagala se gujara jAtIM, to bhI unakI gharagharAhaTa ko vaha nahIM suna paate| " zrImatI rija DeviDsa kA to aisA mata hai ki vaizAlI meM hI buddha ko do 'gurU' mile - AlAra tathA uddaka / inakI zikSA se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne apanA dhArmika jIvana eka jaina kI bhA~ti prArambha kiyA / " eka jainI ke rUpa meM atyanta kaThora anuzAsanita jIvana vyatIta karane ke phalasvarUpa unake svAsthya para bahuta burA prabhAva par3A aura unhoMne jaina-mArga tyAgakara madhyama mArga apanAyA aura zIghra hI unheM jJAna kI prApti huI / yahI mArga bAda meM calakara bauddhamata kI AdhArazilA banA / phalataH yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki bauddhadhamaM ke utthAna aura vikAsa ke bahuta pUrva se hI vaMzAlI aura videha (mithilA) jainadharma ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM kAphI khyAta ho cuke the / : 2 : mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya uttarI bhArata kI sAmAjika aura dhArmika nIti eka-sI thI / jAti vyavasthA, janma-suvidhAoM kA durupayoga tathA dharma ke kSetra meM brAhmaNoM kA ekAdhikAra - inake phalasvarUpa jisa nayo saMsthA (purohitavAda) kA janma huA thA, vaha samAja ke aMga-aMga ko apane khUMkhAra caMgula meM jakar3a cukI thI / usase mukta hone ke lie sAmAnyajana chaTapaTA rahe the| ThIka, usI samaya janaka, videha aura yAjJavalkya - jaise upaniSada-yugIna krAntikArI RSiyoM aura dArzanikoM ne isa 'purohitavAda' para bhayaMkara AghAta kiyA, usakI ghora bhatsanA kI / phalasvarUpa brAhmaNadharma ke kSetra meM eka nayo krAnti Ayo, yajJa tathA dharma ke nAma para sadiyoM se phailI kurItiyoM ko bhayaMkara AghAta pahu~cA / ThIka isI samaya mahAbIra bhI bhArata ke brAhmaNa RSiyoM aura dArzanikoM dvArA calAye gaye isa dhArmika Andolana ke sAtha pArzvanAtha ke dharma kA pracAraprasAra karane kA mahAbIra ko diyA ki manuSya ko zAnti aura sahAyatA ke lie kahIM aura andara hI DhU~r3ha sakatA hai / unake upadeza itane prabhAvotpAdaka the ki brAhmaNoM ke eka varga ne bhI mahAn zikSaka ke rUpa meM unakA sammAna kiyA, unheM mAnyatA dI / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki buddhijIvI brAhmaNoM ne samaya-samaya para jainiyoM ko bhI vaisI hI sahAyatA kI, jisa prakAra unhoMne boddhoM kI sahAyatA kI thI aura vidyA ke kSetra meM unakI preraNA se jainiyoM kI pratiSThA ko kAphI dhArmika kSitija para avatarita hue phalasvarUpa, kucha sAdhAraNa parivartanoM ke vilakSaNa saMyoga prApta huA unhoMne isa bAta para jora dekhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM, vaha usakA nidAna apane / yn
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________________ 5] mithilA aura jainamata 319 viruddha AvAja uThAne ke kAraNa mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM cAhe brAhmaNa vala milA thaa| kintu prArambha meM jAti vyavasthA ke phalasvarUpa utpanna kurItiyoM ke jainadharma kI lokapriyatA samAja ke nirdhana tathA nimna vargoM meM uttarottara bar3hatI gyii| hoM athavA zUdra, ucca varga kA ho athavA nimna varga kA -- sabhI samAna the| unake anusAra koI bhI vyakti janma se nahIM, apitu sukAryoM evaM sadguNoM se brAhmaNa hotA hai / cANDAla bhI apanI pratibhA aura sadkAryoM dvArA samAja meM uccatama sthAna prApta kara sakatA hai / brAhmaNadharma ko bhA~ti ho jainadharma AtmA ke sthAnAntaraNa aura punarjanma ke bandhana se mukti meM vizvAsa karatA hai kintu, isake liye brAhmaNadharma meM jisa saMyama aura tapasyA kI avasthA hai, use vaha nahIM mAnatA / sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para donoM meM antara bahuta kama hai aura vaha bhI bahuta kucha jAti-vyavasthA ke prati donoM dharmoM ke dRSTikoNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| mahAbIra ne vAstava meM na to jAti vyavasthA kA virodha kiyA sambandhita sabhI bAtoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| unakA kahanA thA ki pUrvajanma ke acche yA bure kAryoM ke phalasvarUpa hI kisI manuSya kA janma U~cI athavA nIcI jAtiyoM meM hotA hai, kintu vaha apane pavitra AcaraNa aura prema dvArA AdhyAtmikatA ko prApta kara nirvANa ke antima sopAna taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / mahAbaura ke anusAra jAti-vyavasthA to paristhitigata hai aura kisI bhI AdhyAtmika vyakti ke liye isake bandhana ko sadA ke liye tor3a denA AsAna hai " / IzvarIya avadAna kisI sampradAya vizeSa, athavA saMgha vizeSa kA ekAdhikAra nahIM hai aura isa dRSTi se nara va nArI meM koI antara nahIM hai" / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka ora jahA~ bauddhoM aura brAhmaNa dArzanikoM meM lagabhaga eka sadI taka dArzanika vAgyuddha calatA rahA, vahIM dUsarI ora jainiyoM ke prati brAhmaNa apekSAkRta adhika udAra aura saMvedanazIla rahe / aura na hI usase : 3 : ne yaha sahI haiM ki jaina aura brAhmaNa dArzanikoM ne eka dUsare ke matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai, kintu yaha AlocanA mAtra prasaMgavaza jAna par3atI hai, na ki suniyojita rUpa meM eka dUsare ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie| isIlie unakI bhASA meM kahIM kaTutA athavA ugratA ke bhAva nahIM dikhAyI par3ate / mahAbora kA adhyayana karane ke lie utsAhita kiyA thA, tAki ve dArzanika vAda-vivAda meM sakeM / bauddha granthoM ke anusAra nirgrantha muniyoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM meM kaI aise kAraNa kAphI prakhyAta the'6 / madhyakAlIna tarka zAstra vastutaH jaina aura bauddha naiyAyikoM ke hAtha meM thA aura lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM taka ( I0 pU0 600 se 400 I0 taka) dharma tathA AtmatattvajJAna se sambandhita vibhinna siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa tathA vyAkhyA meM ye dArzanika lage rahe, yadyapi inake granthoM meM tarka-zAstra kA ullekha yadA-kadA hI milatA hai / lagabhaga 400 I0 aura usake vAda se inhoMne tarka zAstra ke vibhinna pakSoM kA gambhIra adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki tarkazAstra se sambandhita jitane bhI jaina aura bauddha grantha upalabdha hai, ve cauthI sadI I0 ke bAda ke haiM" / AThaba zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke adhikAMza naiyAyikoM kA kAryakSetra ujjayinI' ( mAlavA ) tathA ballabhI (gujarAta) meM thA jabaki digambara sampradAya ke naiyAyikoM ke kArya-kalApa pATaliputra aura dravir3a (karnATaka sahita) kSetroM meM sImita the / siddhasena dibAkara praNIta 'nyAyAvatAra' (lagabhaga 533 I0) ko jaina-nyAya kA prathama vaijJAnika tathya sambaddha grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki madhyakAlIna tarkazAstra (nyAyazAstra) ke vAstavika saMsthApaka bauddha naiyAyika hI the" / isI samaya pATaliputra meM digambara jaina naiyAyika vidyAnanda (800 I0) hue the jinhoMne 'AptamImAMsA' para 'Asa mImAMsAlaMkRti' ('aSTha sahasroM' ) nAma kI eka vizad TIkA likhI thii| isameM sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, advaita, momAMsaka tathA sogata, tathAgata athavA bauddha darzana kI kaTu AlocanA kI gayI hai / vidyAnanda ne isa prasaMga meM dignAga, udyotakara, dharmakIrti, prajJAkara, zabarasvAmI, prabhAkara tathA kumArila kI bhI carcA kI hai / unake uttaravartI jaina naiyAyikoM ne apane granthoM meM hindU tathA bauddha dArzanikoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / apane anuyAyiyoM ko pUrva-mImAMsA sahI-sahI DhaMga se tarka upasthita kara dArzanika the jo apanI pratibhA ke
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________________ 320 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa usa samaya bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNa naiyAyikoM meM nirantara dArzanika vAda-vivAda hote rahate the / bauddha aura brAhmaNa naiyAyikoM ke bIca kabhI-kabhI to yaha vivAda bahuta hI ugra ho jAtA thA para jaina aura brAhmaNa dArzanikoM ke bIca isa prakAra kI kaTutA kabhI bhI utpanna nahIM hotI thI / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki zramaNa- muni (jaina) tathA vaidika RSi itihAsa ke prArambha se ho eka sAtha apane -athane kSetra meM kArya karate rahe, yadyapi unake AdazoM aura kArya-praNAlI meM bhinnatA rhii| yaha sahI hai ki kabhI-kabhI donoM pakSoM ke bIca pratispardhA aura asahiSNutA tIvra ho uThatI kyoMki unake Adarza bahuta hada taka eka dUsare se bhinna the, phira bhI sAmAnya janoM meM unako pratiSThA banI rhii| isake pariNAma svarUpa zanaiH zanaiH ye donoM zabda 'RSi' aura 'muni' - - eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI ho gaye" / aura, eka samaya aisA bhI AyA jaba zramaNa muniyoM ne yaha dAvA kiyA ki vAstava meM ve hI sacce brAhmaNa hai / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki ye dArzanika vAda-vivAda, bhAratIya darzana ke lie amUlya varadAna siddha hue jisake phalasvarUpa bhAratIya tarkazAstra kA asAdhAraNa vikAsa evaM pracAra huA / : 4 : yadyapi kisI azoka athavA harSavardhana dvArA jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra nahIM kiyA gayA, phira bhI aise kaI zAsakoM ke dRSTAnta hamAre sAmane haiM jinhoMne isa dharma ko svIkAra kara liyA thA / jaina sUtroM ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kAzInareza azvasena ke putra the / 'sUtrakRtAMga' aura anya jaina granthoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki rAjagharAnoM meM pArzvanAtha kA kAphI prabhAva thA aura mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI magadha tathA AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM unake anuyAyI the / svayaM mahAvIra kA parivAra bhI pArzvanAtha kA hI anuyAyI thA 24 / chaThI sadI I0 pUrva meM jaba mahAvIra ne jaina saMgha meM sudhAra kiye, to unheM pArzvanAtha ke ina anuyAyiyoM ko santuSTa kara apane naye saMzodhita samudAya meM sammilita hone ke liye kAphI prayAsa karanA par3A thA / meM pArzvanAtha kI bhA~ti ho mahAvIra kA bhI sambandha rAjavaMzoM se thA / tatkAlIna SoDaza mahAjanapada meM jo 'aTTa kula' (aSTakula) the, unameM videha, licchavi, jJAtrika tathA bajji vaMzoM kA pramukha sthAna thA / isake atirikta, jaina sUtroM meM aise bahuta sAkSya haiM jinase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainamata videhoM kI kAphI ruci thii| mithilA ke janaka rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka nimi (nAmi athavA nemi ) ke bAre meM jaina sUtroM meM aisA ullekha AyA hai ki unhoMne jaina dharma ko svokAra kara liyA thA / isake atirikta, mahAvIra ne mithilA meM chaha varSA vAsa bitAye the / vAstavikatA cAhe jo bhI ho, itanA to avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki mithilA meM kama se kama eka varga so aisA thA jo mahAvIra kA ananya bhakta thA / prAcIna aMga ( Adhunika bhAgalapura jo prAcIna bhArata meM videha kA hI eka aMga thA) kI rAjadhAnI campA bhI jaina - kAryakalApoM kA eka pramukha kendra thI jahA~ mahAvIra ne tIna 'varSA-vAsa' kiye the / 'uvAsagadasAoM' tathA 'aMtagaDadasAo' se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke ziSya sudharmana --jo unake nirvANa ke pazcAt jaina samudAya ke pradhAna hue meM campA meM puNNabhadda (pUrNabhadra ) mandira kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA / suna kA isa nagara meM padArpaNa huA thA aura gaNadhara ke darzana ke lie svayaM ajAtazatru naMge pA~va nagara se bAhara unakA samaya kahate haiM, kuNika ajAtazatru ke zAsana kAla meM svAgata karane gayA thA / bAda meM sudharmana ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne bhI isa nagara kA bhramaNa kiyaa| ataH isa kathana meM koI atyukti nahIM ki vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM kI sahAyatA ke phalasvarUpa mahAvIra ko sabhI dizAoM se samarthana milA aura dekhate-dekhate jainadharma kA prabhAva isa samaya ke pramukha zaktizAlI rAjyoM - sauvIra, aMga, vatsa, avanti, videha (mithilA) aura magadha meM uttarottara bar3hatA gayA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM vaizAlI kI kAphI carcA ke bAvajUda bhI, cetaka kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / jaikobI kA yaha kathana sahI jAna par3atA hai ki bauddhoM ne usakI upekSA jAnabUjha kara kI / usane apane pratidvadviyoM (jainiyoM) kI samRddhi meM kintu jainiyoM ne apane tIrthaMkara ke usa adhika abhiruci nahIM dikhAyo /
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________________ 5] mithilA aura jainamata 321 athaka prayAsa kA phala thA ki nikaTa sambandhI tathA saMrakSaka (cetaka) kI yatra-tatra sasammAna carcA kI hai / yaha unhIM ke vaizAlI usa samaya jainadharma kA pramukha kendra thI jisake phalasvarUpa bauddha saMnyAsI use heya dRSTi se dekhate the / jaina sUtroM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA ki videhoM aura licchaviyoM kI bhA~ti malla bhI mahAvIra ke ananya bhakta the / 'kalpasUtra' ke anusAra 'parama jina' ke nirvANa ke avasara para licchaviyoM kI bhA~ti malloM ne bhI upavAsa vrata rakhA aura sarvatra dIpa jalAye / 'antagaDadsAo' meM bhI isa bAta kI vizad carcA kI gayI hai ki bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ariTThemi athavA ariSTanemi (videha rAjA) ke baHravai-Agamana para ugroM, mogoM, kSatriyoM tathA licchaviyoM ke sAtha malla bhI unakA svAgata karane gaye the / isI prakAra kAzI tathA kosala gaNarAjyoM meM bhI jainadharma kI lokapriyatA thI aura bimbasAra, nanda, candragupta maurya, samprati, khAravela Adi ke samAna anya kaI zAsaka isa dharma se kAphI sambandhita the / / guptakAla meM jainadharma ke itihAsa meM eka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA ghttii| isI yuga meM jainiyoM ke dhArmika evaM anya sAhitya kA saMgraha aura sampAdana huA thA isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainI karIba-karIba samasta bhArata meM isa samaya taka phaila cuke the / sAtha hI, chaThI zatAbdI aura usake bAda ke abhilekhoM meM jaina sampradAoM ko kAphI carcA milatI hai / hvenasAMga ne bhI apane vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki jainadharma bhArata meM to phaila hI cukA thA, usake bAhara bhI usakA prabhAva dhIre-dhIre phaila rahA thA / lekina terahavIM caudahavIM zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate hama dekhate haiM ki uttara bihAra (mithilA) aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM jainadhamaM aura bauddhadharma kA kAphI hrAsa ho cukA thA / terahavIM sadI ke svanAmadhanya tibbatI bauddha yAtrI dharmasvAmI ke vivaraNa meM kahIM bhI bauddhoM aura jainoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA / usane tirahuta (mithilA) ko "bauddha vihIna rAjya" kahA hai / " : 5 : haiM / sthApatya kalA ko kRtiyA~ paryApta saMkhyA meM kSetra kI jaina kalA kA sAhityika sAkSyoM ke atirikta pUre uttarI bhArata meM jaina kalA aura sthApatya kalA ke paryApta avazeSa mile jainiyoM kI jo dena hai, usakI tulanA kisI se nahIM kI jA sakatI / yadyapi bihAra meM jaina kalAmilI haiM, phira bhI uttara bihAra (mithilAMcala) meM unakI saMkhyA bahuta hI kama hai, isaliye isa sambaddha itihAsa prastuta karanA bar3A hI kaThina hai / sabase Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki vaizAlI kSetra meM bhI jaina kalA-kRtiyoM ke avazeSa upalabdha nahIM haiM smitha mahodaya ke anusAra 1892 I0 meM baniyA grAma se 500 gaja pazcima jamIna meM lagabhaga 8 phITa nIce gar3I huI tIrthakaroM kI do mUrtiyA~ -- eka baiTho aura dUsarI khar3IprApta huI thIM / kintu blAka mahodaya ne isako prAmANikatA para sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai38 : gairika mahodaya ne 32 bhI una mUrtiyoM kI carcA karate hue kahA hai ki jaba vaha usa gA~va meM cahu~ce, to itanI rAta ho cukI thI ki aMdhere meM una mUrtiyoM kA sahI-sahI adhyayana aura mUlyAMkana sambhava nahIM thA / / kintu sAhityika sAkSya isase bhinna haiM / jaina sAhitya meM vaizAlI sthita aneka jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke prasaMga milate haiM / jaina grantha uvAsagaDa - dasAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina jJAtrikoM ne apane kolAga sthita kSetra meM eka jainamandira banavAyA thA jise 'caiya' kahA gayA hai / isakA artha hai 'mandira' athavA 'pavitra sthAna' jahA~ para udyAna athavA pArka (ujjaAna', 'vanasaNDa' yA 'vana- khaNDa), mandira tathA sevaka- gRha ho / vahIM kuNDapura meM mahAvIra yadA-kadA apane ziSyoM ke sAtha Akara vizrAma karate the / 34 bauddha paramparAoM kI bhA~ti hI jaina paramparAoM meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM (jina) kI samAdhi para stUpa nirmANa kI prathA thI / isI koTi kA eka stUpa jina muni suvrata kI samAdhi para vaizAlI meM banA thA aura dUsarA mathurA meM supArzvanAtha kA 134 jainadharma meM stUpa-pUjA kI pradhAnatA thI / vaizAlI sthita ukta stUpa kA ullekha karate hue " AvazyakacUrNa" meM 'pAriNAmikI buddhi' kI vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM 'zubha' kI kathA dI hai jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki 'niyukti' ke lekhaka
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________________ 322 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa ko vaizAlI sthita munisuvrata stUpa kI pUrI jAnakArI thI / kauzAmbI aura vaizAlI meM jo utkhanana hue haiM, unase patA calatA hai ki tathAkathita 'nArthanaM blaika paoNlisDa veyara' vibhinna raMgoM meM upalabdha thA aura kabhI-kabhI citrita bhI kiyA jAtA thA / yadyapi hameM isa takanIka athavA zailI kA nizcita udbhava-sthala jJAta nahIM hai, phira bhI purAtatvavidoM kA aisA anumAna hai ki sambhavataH isa zailI kI utpatti aura vikAsa magadha meM hI huA thA / 'mahAparinivvANasutta' meM jisa 'bahuputtikA - cetiyam' kI carcA kI gayI hai, sambhavataH vaha vizAlA (vaizAlI) aura mithilA sthita vahI caitya hai jisakA ullekha jaina 'bhagavatI' aura 'vipAka' sUtroM meM kiyA gayA hai / yaha 'caitya' hArIti nAma kI devI ko samarpita kiyA gayA thA jisakI bAda meM bauddhoM ne devI ke rUpa meM pUjA Arambha kI / 'aupapAtika sUtra' meM jisa pUrNabhadra caitya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, adhikAMza bauddha cetiya athavA caitya usI ke anurUpa the / hornalene 'cetiya' kI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, usakI puSTi 'aupapAtikasUtra' meM pUrNabhadra caitya ke varNana se ho jAtI hai / kahate haiM, yaha caitya campA nagara ke uttara-pUrva sthita AmrazAlavana ke udyAna meM thaa| yaha atyanta purAtana ( cirAtIta ) thA jo prAcIna kAla ke logoM dvArA 'jJAta' mAnya evaM prazaMsita thA / ise chatra, zaMkha, dhvaja, 'atipatAkA', mayUra paMkha (lomapatthaga) tathA ghaMToM (vidikA vedikA) se susajjita kiyA gayA thA / isa para cAroM ora sugandhita jala kA siMcana hotA rahatA thA aura caturdika puSpa-mAlAe~ sajI rahatI thIM / vibhinna raMgoM aura sugandhi ke phUla bikhere jAte the aura nAnA prakAra kI dhUpabattiyA~ (kAlAgurU, kuMthu, hakka tathA rukka) jalatI rahato thIM / yahA~ eka-se-eka abhinetA, viDambaka, saMgItajJa, vINAvAdaka Adi Akara apanI kalA kA pradarzana karate the / loga taraha-taraha kA upahAra lekara yahA~ zraddhApUrvaka Ate the / caturdika vizAla vanakhaNDa phailA thA jisake madhya meM eka bahuta bar3A azoka vRkSa ( caitya vRkSa) khar3A thA jisakI zAkhA meM eka 'pRthvI - zilA-paTTa' jur3A huA thA / kucha samaya pUrva pAlakAlIna kRSNa prastara-nirmita mahAvIra kI eka mUrti vaizAlI meM pAyI gayI thI jo tAlAba ke nikaTa vaizAlI gar3ha ke pazcima sthita eka Adhunika mandira meM samprati rakho huI hai / yaha mUrti aba 'jainendra' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai aura deza ke kone-kone se jaina zraddhAlu vaizAlI Akara isakI pUjA karate haiM / 6 vaizAlI utkhanana meM prApta eka dUsarI jaina mUrti kA bhI hameM ullekha milatA hai / sAmAnya logoM kA aisA vizvAsa hai ki uttara muMgera-sthita jayamaMgalagar3ha jainiyoM ke kArya-kalApoM kA eka prAcIna kendra thA, para usakI puSTi meM koI bhI Thosa sAhityika athavA purAtAtvika pramANa Ajataka nahIM milA hai / janazruti ke anusAra maurya zAsaka samprati bhI jainadharma kA bahuta bar3A poSaka evaM saMrakSaka thA jisane kaI jaina mandira banavAye the jinake avazeSa durbhAgyavaza aba nahIM milate | prAcIna aMga (Adhunika bhAgalapura jilA, jisake kucha aMza prAcIna kAla meM mithilA ke aMga the) meM hameM jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke kucha avazeSa milate haiM / maMdAra parvata jainiyoM kA bahuta pavitra tIrtha sthala mAnA jAtA hai / yahIM para vArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjyanAtha ko nirvANa prApta huA thA / yahA~ kA parvata zikhara jaina sampradAya ke liye atyanta pavitra evaM AdRta hai / kahate haiM, yaha bhavana khaMDa zrAvakoM (jainoM) kA thA aura usake eka kamare meM Aja bhI 'caraNa' surakSita rakhA huA hai / isa parvata-zikhara para aura bhI katipaya jaina avazeSa prApta hue haiM / 38 1969 I0 meM vaizAlI utkhanana meM bhI kucha jaina purAtAtvika avazeSa mile the| bhAgalapura ke nikaTa kaNagar3ha pahAr3I meM bhI paryApta jaina avazeSa prApta hue haiM / yahA~ ke prAcIna durga ke uttara meM sthita eka jaina bihAra kA bhI prasaMga AyA hai / yadi uttara bihAra ke abataka upekSita kintu mahatvapUrNa prAcIna aitihAsika sthaloM para bar3e paimAne para utkhanana kArya kiye jAyeM, to isameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM ki ina kSetroM se paryApta saMkhyA meM jaina purAtAtvika avazeSa prakAza meM AyeMge / vAstukalA kI dRSTi se, mithilA meM aisA koI mahatvapUrNa avazeSa abataka prApta nahIM ho pAyA haiM / vAstukalA ke adhikAMza avazeSa digambara sampradAya ke ho haiM /
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________________ mithilA aura jainamata 323 sandarbha 1. bi0 e0 smitha, 'inasAiklopeDiyA oNpha rilijana eMDa ethiksa, bhAga-12, pR0 568-68, nyUyArka, 1921 / 2. AcArAMga sUtra, 389 / 3. jaikobI, 'jaina-sUtra', bhAga-2; sI0 je0 zAha, 'jainijma' ina nArtha iMDiyA, pR0 23-24 / 4. 'kalpasUtra' (bI0 sI0 laoN0 sampAdita) pR0 32 / 5. bI0 sI0 lAM, 'mahAvIra', pR07| 6. 'vinayapiTaka', ('saikeDa buksa Apha di IsTa', bhAga-17) pR0 108 / 7. 'majjhimanikAya', 1, 227-37 / 8. 'aguttaranikAya', 2, pR0 190-94 tathA pR. 200-2; 'saMyuta', 5, pR0 389-10; 'aMguttara', 3, pR0 167 / 9. mahAparinivvANa suttanta, 4 / 35 / 10. Ara0 ke0 mukajI, uparivat, pR. 5 / 11. esa0 ena0 dAsaguptA, e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philAsaphI, bhAga-1, pR0 20; muni ralaprabhA,vijaya, 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra', bhAga-1, khaNDa-1, pR0 5 / 12. 'kalpasUtra (sukhabodhikA TokA), pR0 112, 18 / 13. 'sekreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa, bhAga-22, pR0 213 / 14. sI0 je0 zAha, 'jainijma ina nAthaM iNDiyA', pR0 20 / 15. bI0 sI0 laoN, 'mahAvIra', pR0 44 / 16. 'majjhimanikAya', 11227, 374-75 / 17. esa0 sI0 vidyAbhUSaNa, 'iNDiyana lAjika : meDivala skUla', prastAvanA, pR0 18 / 18. esa0 sI0 vidyAbhUSaNa, 'iNDiyana lAjika : meDivala skUla', prastAvanA, pR0 19 / 19. upendra ThAkura, 'jainijma eNDa buddhijma ina mithilA; adhyAya 3 / 20. aSTasahasrI, adhyAya-1 / 21. eca0 ela0 jaina, uparivat, pR0 21 22. uparivat, pR0 2 / 23. sI0 je0 zAha, uparivat, pR0 82-83 / 24. uparivat, pR0 83-84 / 25. 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 9; 61 / 26. 'uvAsagadasAo', (hoenale sampAdita), 2, pR0 2 / 27. sI0 je0 zAha, 'uparivat, pR0 94-95, 322, 11-100, 108-111, 204-16 / 28. ela0 DI0 bArneTa, 'di aMtagaDa-dasAo' tathA 'aNuttarovavAiya-dasAo', pR0 36 / 29. 'vAyogrAphI Apha dharmasvAmin', (jI0 zerika sampAdita), pR0 60 / 30, jarnala Apha di royala eziyATika sosoiTo, 1902, pR0 282 / 31 Akiolojikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, riporTa, 1403-04, 1087 / 32. Arkiolojikala sarve riporTa, bhAga 16, pR0 91 / 33. hAranaile, uparivat, bhAga-1, pR0 2, bhAga 2, pR0 2 / 34. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, pR0 43-45, 71,55 / 35. yU0 pI0 zAha, uparivat, pR0 9 / 36. upendra ThAkura, sTaDIja ina jainijma eNDa buddhijma ina mithilA, adhyAya 3 / 37. vRhat kalpa-bhASya, bhAga 3, gAthA 3285-89, pR0 717-21 / 38. begalara, Akiyolojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, bhAga-3; kurezI, esiyeMTa monyumeMTsa oNpha bihAra eNDa ur3hIsA, (bhAgalapura khnndd)|