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________________ mevAr3a meM saMskRtasAhitya kI jaina paramparA DaoN0 premasumana jaina mevAr3a meM prAcIna samaya se jo saMskRta sAhitya likhA gayA hai usameM jaina muniyoM evaM gRhastha sAhityakAroM kA vizeSa yogadAna hai / prAkRta evaM apabhraMza sAhitya ke atirikta saMskRta bhASA meM bhI jainamuniyoM ne paryApta racanAyeM likhI haiN| mevAr3a ke saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM prArambha meM saMskRta ke zilAlekha evaM prazastiyA~ hI prApta hotI haiM / kAvyagranthoM kA praNayana madhyayuga ' meM adhika huA hai| unakI pRSThabhUmi meM jaina muniyoM dvArA praNIta saMskRta ke dharma-grantha rahe haiM / mevAr3a meM saMskRta ke svatantra rUpa se prathama grantha likhane kA zreya 5vIM zatAbdI ke jaina muni siddhasena ko hai, jinakI sAhityasAdhanA kA pramukha kendra cittaur3a thA / inhoMne 32 zlokoM vAlI 21 dvAtrizikAe~ likhIM tathA nyAyAvatAra nAmaka jaina nyAya kA grantha saMskRta meM likhA hai / jaina muniyoM kI saMskRta - sAhitya sAdhanA kA pramukha kendra cittaur3a rahA hai / AThavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ kaI pramukha jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta meM racanAe~ likhI haiM / prAcArya haribhadrasUri kI sAdhanA-bhUmi mevAr3a rahI hai| unhoMne cittaur3a meM prAcIna granthoM para saMskRta meM kaI TIkAe~ likhI haiM / dazavekAlikavRtti, dhyAnazatakavRtti evaM zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA unakI mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ haiM / haribhadrasUri ne saMskRta meM dharmabindu, aSTakaprakaraNa evaM SaDdarzanasamuccaya zrAdi maulika grantha bhI likhe haiM / zrAcArya haribhadrasUri ke samaya se hI cittaur3a anya jaina muniyoM kA bhI kAvyakSetra rahA hai| jainAcArya elAcArya evaM unake ziSya vIrasena ne cittaur3a meM saMskRta sAhitya ko puSTa kiyA hai / vIrasena kI dhavalA - TIkA saMskRta kA vizAla grantha hai / inake ziSya jinasena ne kAvya granthoM kA praNayana bhI saMskRta meM kiyA hai| pArzvabhyudaya, zrAdipurANa inakI pramukha racanAyeM haiM / ina granthoM meM saMskRta kAvya aura alaMkAroM ke kaI naye prayoga dekhane ko milate haiM / jinasena ne "pAzvabhyudaya" meM kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ko AdhAra banAyA hai / "meghadUta" kI eka paMkti lekara tIna paMktiyA~ apanI likhI haiM / phira bhI dRzyoM kI chaTA meM kavi kI maulikatA jhalakatI hai| isa taraha isa mevAr3I jaina kavi ne meghadUta kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA hai / jinasena ne zrAdipurANa ko mahAbhArata kI zailI meM likhA hai / unakI isa racanA meM AThavIM zatAbdI kI sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti samAyI huI hai / mevAr3a ke anya pratiSThita jaina saMskRta kaviyoM meM jinavallabhasUri aura unake ziSyoM kA pramukha sthAna hai / inhoMne 15-20 racanAe~ saMskRta meM likhI haiM, jinake viSaya dhArmika hote hue bhI unameM kAvyatattvoM kI bharamAra hai / jinavallabhasUri ne " zR MgArazataka" nAmaka eka grantha likhA hai| jaina muniyoM ke saMskRta kAvya meM yaha akelI zRMgArapradhAna racanA hai| isa grantha ke eka padya meM kavi kahatA hai ki nAyikA kI dhammo dIvo saMsAra samudra
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________________ caturtha khaNDa / 232 danta - jyotsnA gagana - maMDala meM phailatI huI vizva ko apanI dhavalatA se AplAvita kara rahI hai / aisI sthiti meM abhisAra ke lie candrodaya kI pratikSA kyoM kI jAya ? yathA mugdhe dugdhA divAzA racayati taralA taiH kaTAkSacchaTAlI, dastajyotsnA'pi vizvaM vizadayati viyan maNDalaM viphurantI / utphulladgaMDapAlI vipulaparilasat pANimADambareNa, kSiptendau kAntamadAbhisAra sarabhasaM kiM tavendudvayena // 79 // jinavallabhasUri ke ziSya jinadattasUri ne bhI saMskRta meM kaI grantha likhe haiM / unakI racanAe~ bhaktirasa ko pravAhita karatI haiN| cittaur3a ke samAna mevAr3a prAnta kA mAMDalagar3ha bhI jaina muniyoM evaM kaviyoM kI sAhitya sAdhanA kA kendra rahA hai| terahavIM zatAbdI ke mahAkavi AzAdhara mAMDalagar3ha ke mUlanivAsI the / unakI racanAoM meM adhyAtmarahasya, sAgAradharmAmRta, anagAradharmAmRta, jinayajJakalpa Adi pramukha haiM / inhoMne apane saMskRtagranthoM dvArA manuSya ke dainika AcaraNa ko naitika banAne meM pUrA yogadAna kiyA hai / inake grantha jaina zrAcAra ke vizvakoSa haiM / jaina muniyoM ne apanI saMskRta racanAoM dvArA mevAr3a ke sAhityika vAtAvaraNa ko prabhAvazAlI banAyA hai / 15vIM zatAbdI meM aneka jainAcArya mevAr3a meM sAhitya - sAdhanA meM rata rahe haiM / isake pUrva jaina bhaTTArakoM ne mevAr3a ko saMskRtasAhitya se samRddha kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, bhuvanakIti, brahmajinadAsa, zubhacandra evaM bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kI saikar3oM racanAe~ saMskRta meM mevAr3a meM likhI gayI haiM / ina racanAoM kA kAvyAtmaka mahattva to hai hI, mevAr3a ke itihAsa kI sAmagrI bhI isameM bharapUra hai / ina bhaTTArakoM ne mevAr3a meM cittaur3a, udayapura, RSabhadeva prAdi meM jaina granthabhaNDAroM kI sthApanA kara mevAr3a ke saMskRtasAhitya ko surakSA pradAna kI hai / ina bhaTTArakoM kI sAdhanAbhUmi cittaur3a evaM DUMgarapura jile ke gA~va rahe haiM / mevAr3a ke jaina muniyoM meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti eka aise kavi haiM, jinhoMne 25-30 grantha saMskRta meM likhe haiM / inhoMne purANa, kathA, caritra evaM stotra Adi sabhI vidhAnoM ko apanI saMskRta racanAoMoM se puSTa kiyA hai| sakalakIrti kA yaha cintana thA ki sAhitya aisA honA cAhiye jo manuSya ke jIvana ko unnata kare / apane "AdipurANa" meM ve kahate haiM ki jisa kathA ke zravaNamAtra se bhavya jIvoM ke samasta rAga-dveSa, mohAdi doSoM kA prakSAlana ho jAya aura unake sthAna para samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra zrAdi guNa utpanna ho jAe~ tathA dAna-pUjA, dhyAna Adi kI vRttiyA~ bar3ha jAe~ vahI zAstra vAstavika hai / yathA--- yena zratena sabhyAnAM rAgadveSAdayo'khilAH / doSA nazyaMti mohena sArdhaM jJAnAdayo guNAH //
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________________ mevAr3a ke saMskRta sAhitya kI jaina paramparA / 233 saMvegAdyAzca varddhante jAyate dAnapUjAtapodhyAnavratAdyA bhAvanAruciH / mokSavasu // sa0 1 zloka 33-36 sakalakIrti kI racanAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya saMskRta sabhI varga ke loga samajhate the / samAja meM saMskRta ke granthoM ke paThana-pAThana kI vyavasthA thI / sakalakIrti kahate haiM ki maiMne AbAla - strI-vRddha logoM ko sArabhUta tattvoM kA jJAna karAne ke lie saMskRta bhASA meM grantha likhe haiM / grantho'traiva varaH purANakalito bahvokathAsaMbhRtaH / bAlastrIsundarINAmatIvasugamo gIrvANasadbhASayA // u0 pu0 15-218 saMskRta ke ina granthoM meM jainamuniyoM ne yadyapi paramparAgata mahApuruSoM ko hI caritranAyaka banAyA hai, kintu apane samaya ke zAsakoM evaM sajjana puruSoM kA smaraNa bhI ina granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai / jaina muniyoM kA rAjavaMzoM se bhI samparka rahA hai / isa dRSTi se unake grantha mahattvapUrNa haiM | rANakapura aura dilavAr3A bhI jaina muniyoM kI sAhityasAdhanA ke kendra rahe haiM / muni somasundara ko rANakapura meM vAcakapada prApta huA thA / unhoMne dilavAr3A meM rahakara saMskRta meM kaI racanAyeM likhI haiN| somadevavAcaka inake ziSya the / unheM mahArANA kumbhA ne kavirAja kI upAdhi pradAna kI thI / mahArANA kumbhA ke hI samakAlIna mahAkavi pratiSThAsoma hue haiM / inakI racanAoM "somasaubhAgyakAvya" evaM " guNaratnAkara" prasiddha saMskRta racanAe~ haiM, jinameM tatkAlIna mevAr3I saMskRti kI prAmANika jAnakArI milatI hai / 15vIM zatAbdI ke jainakaviyoM meM mahopAdhyAya caritraratnagaNi evaM jinaharSagaNi pramukha haiM, jinhoMne cittaur3a meM saMskRtakAvya likhe haiM / jinaharSagaNi kA " vastupAlacarita" eka aitihAsika kAvya hai / mevAr3a meM vAgbhaTTa nAmaka eka jaina kavi hue haiM, jinhoMne chandazAstra aura kAvyazAstra para grantha likhe haiM / svatantra kAvyagranthoM ke pratirikti jaina muniyoM ne mevAr3a meM rahate hue saMskRta meM kaI prazastiyA~ bhI likhI haiM / 12vIM zatAbdI ke jainakavi rAmakItti ne cittaur3agar3ha meM eka prazasti likhI, jisameM kumArapAla ke vahA~ Agamana kA varNana hai| prAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne vi. saM. 1322 meM eka prazasti likhI, jo cittaur3a ke samIpa ghAghase kI bAvar3I meM lagI huI hai / inhIM kI dUsarI saMskRtaprazasti cIkhA gA~va meM lagI huI hai| isameM 15 zloka haiM, jinameM guhila vaMzI bAppA vaMzajoM ke parAkrama kA varNana hai / guNabhadra nAmaka jaina muni ne vi. saM. 1226 meM bijI - liyA ke jaina mandira kI prazasti likhI thI / 15vIM zatAbdI meM cAritraratnagaNi ne mahAvIra prazasti likhI hai, sarasvatIstuti ke uparyaMnta mevAr3a deza kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI ina prazastiyoM kA vizeSa mahattva haiN| isa prakAra mevAr3a meM 5vIM zatAbdI se 15 - 16vIM zatAbdI taka jaina muniyoM dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM kAvyamaya racanAe~ likhI jAtI rahI haiN| Adhunika yuga meM bhI mevAr3a ke kaI jaina muniyoM ne saMskRta meM kAvya likhe haiM / ina muniyoM kI saMskRta racanAoM ko ekatra kara yadi prakAzita kiyA jAya to saMskRtakAvya ke itihAsa kI samRddhi to hogI hI, usase mevAr3a kI saMskRti ke kaI pakSa bhI ujAgara ho sakate haiM / dhammo dIvo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai
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________________ caturtha khaNDa / 234 __ jaina muniyoM ke ina saMskRtagranthoM meM mevAr3a ke grAmINa jIvana kI jhAMkI prApta hotI hai| ye muni paidala hI calate the| ataH inakA samparka samAja ke hara varga se banA rahatA thaa| unhoMne jo kucha bhI samAja meM dekhA usakA citraNa apane granthoM meM kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se mevAr3a ke rIti-rivAja, pahanAvA,parva-utsava evaM rahana-sahana kI prAmANika jAnakArI ke liye jaina muniyoM dvArA praNIta saMskRtasAhitya kA adhyayana upayogI sAbita hogaa| ina kaviyoM kI dRSTi bar3I sUkSma rahI hai / eka kavi ne apane grantha meM eka vRddha vyakti kA citraNa karate hue kahA hai ki bur3hApe meM vyakti jhukakara jamIna ko dekhate hue calane lagatA hai taba aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno vaha apane khoye hae bacapana aura yauvana ko dharatI meM khojatA huyA cala rahA hai| yathA asaMbhRtaM maNDanamaMgayaSTenaMSTaM vane me yauvanaratnametat / itIva vRddho natapUrvakAyaH pazyannadho'dho bhuvi bambhramIti // dharma. 4/59 jaina muniyoM ke dvArA praNIta saMskRtasAhitya kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki pIr3hiyoM taka ve saMskRtakAvya-racanA meM saMlagna rahate the| eka prAcArya ke samIpa rahane vAle prAya: sabhI jainamuni saMskRta par3hate the aura kAvya-racanA karane meM apanA samaya vyatIta karate the / kAvya kI zreSThatA ke sambandha meM bhI unake vicAra the ki kAvya vahI zreSTha hai jisake Aloka se anya kavi bhI kavitA kA praNayana karane meM samartha ho skeN| jisa prakAra eka candana vRkSa kI gandha ke samparka meM samasta vana ke vRkSa candana kI sugandha vAle bana jAte haiM / yathA jayanti te satkavayo yaduktyAH bAlA api syuH kavitApravINAH / zrIkhaMDavAsena kRtAdhivAsaH zrIkhaMDatAM yAntyapare'pi vRkssaaH|| isa bhAvanA ke kAraNa mevAr3a meM saMskRtakAvya-sRjana ke kaI kendra sthApita ho gaye the| jinakA saMcAlana jaina muni karate the| cittaur3a kA kendra vIrasena aura haribhadrasUri ne puSTa kiyA to dilavAr3A ke saMskRta kavirAja somadeva vAcaka the| DUMgarapura aura vAgar3a kSetra ko sakalakItti tathA unake ziSyoM ne apanI racanAoM se samRddha kiyA thA to guNabhadramuni ne bijauliyA ko apane saMskRtakAvya se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| isa taraha mevAr3a kA koI kSetra jaina muniyoM kI saMskRtakavitA se achUtA nahIM hai| aAvazyakatA isa kSetra ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM par3e hue kAvyaratnoM ko khoja nikAlane kI hai| vizeSa adhyayana ke liye sandarbhagrantha 1. mevAr3a kA saMskRta sAhitya ko yogadAna (thIsisa) 1969, __ DaoN0 candrazekhara purohita / 2. bhaTTAraka sakalakIti--eka adhyayana (thIsisa), 1976, DaoN. bihArIlAla jain| 3. samadarzI haribhadrasUri, bAMThiyA 4. jinavallabhasUri kA kRtitva evaM vyaktitva (thIsisa)-ma. vinayasAgara
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________________ mevAr3a ke saMskRta sAhitya kI jaina paramparA / 235 5. tIthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcAryaparamparA-DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, bhAga 4 6. bhaTTArakasampradAya, DaoN0 vidyAdhara jauharApurakara 7. mahArANA kumbhA, rAmavallabha somAnI 8. rAjasthAna ke jainagranthabhaNDAroM kI sUciyA~ (bhAga 1-5), DaoN0 ke0 sI0 kAsalIvAla 9. zodha-patrikA, udayapura, aMka 2-3, bhAga 6, 10. varadA, varSa 5, aMka 3 11. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA-agaracanda nAhaTA 12. 'jinavANI' vizeSAMka (jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna), 1975 13. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, jayapura 1976 14. saMskRtakAvya ke vikAsa meM jainakaviyoM kA yogadAna, DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI 29, sundaravAsa, udayapura-313001 HO dhammo dIvo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai Hungawelibrary.org